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INDEPENDENT STUDY: Module 2, Class 20
Hello Students, I am always seeking ways to improve these lessons. With some of the links no longer available, I wanted to credit them for the information I found at the time they were on the internet. My solution is a new color code. For sites that are no longer available, but were the source of information in the transcript, I have added an orange highlight with blue text. Also, there is another homework below, but you only have to choose one shell in question 1 and question 5. Sending Seashell Blessings! Shell INDEPENDENT STUDY: Module 2, Class 20 Please note: The pictures and comments in the transcript and recording below have been gathered over many years and where possible, I attribute them to their original source. If anyone connected with these photographs or comments would like them removed, please notify me and I will be happy to comply. The video recording of Class 20 is around 25 minutes long. Class 20: Shell #s 99,70,73,91, 98, 104 In recent lessons, we have undertaken an exploration of the diverse ways shells interact with man. We covered religion, medicine, artists, and jewelers, and we were just touching on architecture. Inspired by the incredible shapes created by mollusks for their seashell homes, man has been influenced to construct pagodas in the orient, and a remarkable opera house in Australia. Let’s see how the shells worked their architectural magic in the USA. This is a Thatcheria, also called by the common name of Japanese Wonder Shell. It is shell #99 in Ocean Oracle, and its meaning is “Respect.” Due to its quite unusual structure, when the first Thatcheria was discovered it was considered to be a freak of nature, a “monstrosity”. -
Identifikasi Gambar Hewan Moluska Dalam Media Cetak Dua Dimensi
Jurnal Moluska Indonesia, April 2021 Vol 5(1):25 -33 ISSN : 2087-8532 Identifikasi Gambar Hewan Moluska Dalam Media Cetak Dua Dimensi (Identification of Molluscan Animal Image in Two-Dimensional Print Media) Nova Mujiono*, Alfiah, Riena Prihandini, Pramono Hery Santoso Pusat Penelitian Biologi LIPI, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia. *Corresponding authors: [email protected], Telp: 021-8765056 Diterima: 7 Februari 2021 Revisi :16 Februari 2021 Disetujui: 14 Maret 2021 ABSTRACT Humans have known mollusks for a long time. The diverse and unique shell shapes are interesting to draw. The easiest medium to describe the shape of a mollusk is in two dimensions. This study aims to identify various images of mollusks in two-dimensional print media such as cloth, paper and plates. Based on the 10 sources of photos analyzed, 56 species of mollusks from 38 families were identified. The Gastropod class dominates with 45 species from 31 families, followed by Bivalves with 7 species from 5 families, then Cephalopods with 4 species from 2 families. Some of the problems found are the shape and proportion of images that different with specimens, some inverted or cropped images, different direction of rotation of the shells with specimens, and different colour patterns with specimens. Biological and distributional aspects of several families will be discussed briefly in this paper. Keywords : identification, mollusca, photo, species, two-dimension ABSTRAK Manusia telah mengenal hewan moluska sejak lama. Bentuk cangkangnya yang beraneka ragam dan unik membuatnya menarik untuk digambar. Media yang paling mudah untuk menggambarkan bentuk moluska ialah dalam bentuk dua dimensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bermacam gambar moluska dalam media cetak dua dimensi seperti kain, kertas, dan piring. -
The Status of Surface Geologic Mapping in Mississippi
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Office of Geology P. 0. Box 20307 Volume 15, Number 3 Jackson, Mississippi 39289-1307 September 1994 THE STATUS OF SURFACE GEOLOGIC MAPPING IN MISSISSIPPI David T. Dockery Ill, Michael B. E. Bograd, and David E. Thompson Mississippi Office of Geology INTRODUCTION and locating areas suitable for waste disposal. The Office of Geology intends also to pull together the At the current rate of production of detailed surface work ofother geologists and publish their maps to make them geologic maps, coverage ofthe entire state of Mississippi will available to all potential users. be accomplished in about 100 years. Now that we have your attention, some explanation is in SCALE AND OUTPUT OF GEOLOGIC MAPS order as to our plans for improvement. The Mississippi Office ofGeologycurrently has four surface mapping projects under With all the mapping underway, it might seem that geo way. Two ofthese are centered along the Wilcox outcrop belt logic map coverage of the whole state should be forthcoming. in Lauderdale, Kemper, Winston, and Noxubee counties with So, what's the holdup? There are four aspects of the current plans for expansion northward to the Tennessee state line. The mapping program that make for slow going. First, the maps are Wilcox Group contains important clay and lignite resources at being published at a scale of l :24,000 - the same as that of a and near the surface, is a source of oil in the subsurface of 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. This allows much greater southwestern Mississippi, and is an important source for detail than is possible at the scale of previously published drinking water in the central and northwestern parts of the county geologic maps. -
Bulletin De L'association Française De Conchyliologie
100 111000000 Bulletin de l’A11ssociation1000000 Française de Conchyliologie x 110000 e 100 n o p Pupa solidula (Linné, 1758) h Photo MNHN o r Mission Lifou 2000 Le coin du débutant Découverte à Mururoa dans ce numéro : Cônes de la Martinique a Aventures à Madagascar Deux coquilles de Nouvelle Calédonie Les coquillages dans la Culture Tahitienne numéro 30 ans de “Plonge” dans le Lagon Sud du “Caillou” 100 octobre novembre Prix du numéro: 10 euros N° paritaire en cours décembre D.L. octobre 2002 2002 I.S.S.N. 0755-8198 XENOPHORA N° 100 1 Trésors de nos tiroirs Nebularia dovpeledi Turner, 1997 Nebularia sanguinolenta Lamarck, 1811 Mitra rinaldii Turner, 1993 21,1 mm - Plongeur -15/20 m - Shareer Reef 51,4 mm - Chalutée par 100/200 m 52,1 mm - Chalutée par 100/200 m Dahab, Egypte Cap Ras Hafun, Somalie Cap Ras Hafun, Somalie Photo et collection J.C. Martin Photo et collection J.C. Martin Photo et collection J.C. Martin Nerita spengleriana Récluz, 1843 Conus textile pyramidalis Lamarck, 1810 33 et 26 mm - Mebulu Point, Bali, Indonésie. Elle est souvent confondue avec Nerita undata. 47 mm - Nungwi, Zanzibar - Tanzanie Photo et collection L. Limpalaer Photo et collection B. Mathé Conus textile verriculum Reeve, 1843 Pseudovertagus phylarchus (Iredale, 1929) Cerithioclava garciai Houbrick, 1985 55 mm - Madagascar 90 mm - Lodestone Reef, Qld, Australie. 62 mm - Corn Island, Nicaragua Photo et collection B. Mathé Photo et collection L. Limpalaer Photo et collection L. Limpalaer 2 XENOPHORA N° 100 Xeno Editorial NUMÉRO 100. Un numéro spécial qui atteste , comme le Quoi que de plus attrayant que de le publier in extenso plutôt numéro 93 a marqué nos vingt ans d’activité, notre vigueur que de le “saucissonner” en plusieurs numéros ! Et pourquoi et la force de notre vie associative. -
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)
THE DRAGON TAMED? A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE CONOIDEA (GASTROPODA) N. PUILLANDRE1, YU. I. KANTOR2,A.SYSOEV3,A.COULOUX4, C. MEYER5, T. RAWLINGS6,J.A.TODD7 AND P. BOUCHET1 1Departement Systematique et Evolution, UMR 7138, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France; 2A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski Prosp. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; 3Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya str. 6, Moscow 125009, Russia; 4GENOSCOPE, Centre National de Se´quencage, 2 rue Gaston Cre´mieux, CP 5706, 91057 Evry Cedex, France; 5Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; 6Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada; and 7Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Correspondence: N. Puillandre; e-mail: [email protected] (Received 14 October 2010; accepted 29 March 2011) Downloaded from ABSTRACT The superfamily Conoidea constitutes one of the most diverse and taxonomically challenging groups among marine molluscs. Classifications based on shell or radular characters are highly contradictory and disputed. Whereas the monophyly of the Conidae and Terebridae has not been challenged, the http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/ other constituents of the superfamily are placed in a ‘trash’ group, the turrids, the non-monophyly of which has been demonstrated by anatomical and molecular evidence. We present here a new molecu- lar phylogeny based on a total of 102 conoidean genera (87 ‘turrids’, 5 cones and 10 terebrids) and three mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase I (COI), 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA]. -
Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the Cone Snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea)
1 Molecular Phylogenetics And Evolution Archimer September 2014, Volume 78 Pages 290-303 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.023 https://archimer.ifremer.fr https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00468/57920/ Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea) Puillandre N. 1, *, Bouchet P. 1, Duda T. F., Jr. 2, 3, 4, Kauferstein S. 5, Kohn A. J. 6, Olivera B. M. 7, Watkins M. 8, Meyer C. 9 1 UPMC MNHN EPHE, ISyEB Inst, Dept Systemat & Evolut, Museum Natl Hist Nat,UMR CNRS 7205, F-75231 Paris, France. 2 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 3 Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. 4 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. 5 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Legal Med, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany. 6 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 7 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. 8 Univ Utah, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. 9 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. * Corresponding author : N. Puillandre, email address : [email protected] [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract : We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species of the cone snails (Conus), one of the most diverse groups of marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). This is the first phylogeny of the taxon to employ concatenated sequences of several genes, and it includes more than twice as many species as the last published molecular phylogeny of the entire group nearly a decade ago. -
Chitons and Gastropods (Haliotidae Through Adeorbidae) from the Western Pacific Islands
Chitons and Gastropods (Haliotidae Through Adeorbidae) From the Western Pacific Islands GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 531 Chitons and Gastropods (Haliotidae Through Adeorbidae) From the Western Pacific Islands By HARRY S. LADD GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 531 Description and preliminary paleoecologic in terpretations of fossil moll usks from seven island groups UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library ut' Oongivw, catalog-curd Xo. GS 66-257 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ________________ __ - 1 Paleontology Continued Introduction - 1 Paleoecology ____ 11 Area and localities 1 Faunal relations _ 15 Purpose and scope ____ .. - 1 Systematic paleontology . 20 Earlier references to fossil mollusks _______ ______ 3 Chitons ________ - 21 Palau ____________________________- 3 Schizochitonidae _ _ 21 Mariana Islands ___________________ 3 Chitonidae _______________ ______ 23 Marshall Islands __________ _ _ 3 Acanthochitonidae _ ___ 24 Ellice Islands _____________________ 3 Gastropods ______ 25 Funafuti ________________________. 3 Haliotidae _ 25 Scissurellidae .. 26 New Hebrides _____________________ 3 Fissurellidae ________ 27 Fiji ______________________________ 4 Patellidae __________________-_ 32 Tonga ____________________________ 5 Trochidae ____________-__ - 33 Collections __________________________ 5 Stomatellidae ________ . 41 Acknowledgments _______-_______________ 6 Angariidae (Delphinulidae) 42 Geology ________________________________ 6 Turbinidae _______ - 43 Stratigraphy _________. 6 Phasianellidae ________ _ _ 53 Eocene ____________. Neritopsidae ______________ _ 55 Oligocene ____________ Neritidae _______________________- 55 Miocene ___________. Littorinidae _ 59 Iravadiidae ________________ ___ 59 Post-Miocene ________. Rissoidae ______________________ 60 Pliocene ________. -
Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the Cone Snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea) ⇑ N
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 78 (2014) 290–303 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea) ⇑ N. Puillandre a, , P. Bouchet b, T.F. Duda Jr. c,d, S. Kauferstein e, A.J. Kohn f, B.M. Olivera g, M. Watkins h, C. Meyer i a Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB Institut (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France b Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB Institut (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA d Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama e Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany f Department of Biology, Box 351800, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA g Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA h Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA i Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA article info abstract Article history: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species of the Received 22 January 2014 cone snails (Conus), one of the most diverse groups of marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial Revised 8 May 2014 genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). -
Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the Cone Snails
YMPEV 4919 No. of Pages 14, Model 5G 2 June 2014 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2014) xxx–xxx 1 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev 5 6 3 Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails 4 (Gastropoda, Conoidea) a,⇑ b c,d e f g h 7 Q1 N. Puillandre , P. Bouchet , T.F. Duda , S. Kauferstein , A.J. Kohn , B.M. Olivera , M. Watkins , i 8 C. Meyer 9 a Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB Institut (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France 10 b Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB Institut (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 55, Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France 11 Q2 c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 12 d Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama 13 e Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany 14 f Department of Biology, Box 351800, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 15 g Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 16 h Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 17 i Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 1819 20 article info abstract 3622 23 Article history: We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species of the 37 24 Received 22 January 2014 cone snails (Conus), one of the most diverse groups of marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial 38 25 Revised 8 May 2014 genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). -
Evolution of the Radular Apparatus in Conoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) As Inferred from a Molecular Phylogeny
MALACOLOGIA, 2012, 55(1): 55−90 EVOLUTION OF THE RADULAR APPARATUS IN CONOIDEA (GASTROPODA: NEOGASTROPODA) AS INFERRED FROM A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY Yuri I. Kantor1* & Nicolas Puillandre2 ABSTRACT The anatomy and evolution of the radular apparatus in predatory marine gastropods of the superfamily Conoidea is reconstructed on the basis of a molecular phylogeny, based on three mitochondrial genes (COI, 12S and 16S) for 102 species. A unique feeding mecha- nism involving use of individual marginal radular teeth at the proboscis tip for stabbing and poisoning of prey is here assumed to appear at the earliest stages of evolution of the group. The initial major evolutionary event in Conoidea was the divergence to two main branches. One is characterized by mostly hypodermic marginal teeth and absence of an odontophore, while the other possesses a radula with primarily duplex marginal teeth, a strong subradular membrane and retains a fully functional odontophore. The radular types that have previously been considered most ancestral, “prototypic” for the group (flat marginal teeth; multicuspid lateral teeth of Drilliidae; solid recurved teeth of Pseudomelatoma and Duplicaria), were found to be derived conditions. Solid recurved teeth appeared twice, independently, in Conoidea – in Pseudomelatomidae and Terebridae. The Terebridae, the sister group of Turridae, are characterized by very high radular variability, and the transformation of the marginal radular teeth within this single clade repeats the evolution of the radular apparatus across the entire Conoidea. Key words: Conoidea, Conus, radula, molecular phylogeny, evolution, feeding mechanisms, morphological convergence, character mapping. INTRODUCTION the subradular membrane, transferred to the proboscis tip (Figs. 2, 4), held by sphincter(s) Gastropods of the superfamily Conoidea in the buccal tube (Figs. -
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
THE GASTROPOD GENUS THATCHERIA AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS BY ALAN JACK CHARIG Plate 10 Pp. 255-297 ; 47 ; Text-figures BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) GEOLOGY Vol. 7 No. 9 LONDON : 1963 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. This paper is Vol. 7, No. 9 of the Geological (Palaeontological] series. Trustees of the British Museum 1963 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM Issued July 1963 Price Sixteen Shillings THE GASTROPOD GENUS THATCHERIA AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS By A. J. CHARIG CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION .......... 258 II. HISTORY OF Thatcheria AND OF THE VIEWS ON ITS RELATIONSHIPS 258 III. NOTES ON Thatcheria mirabilis ANGAS ...... 268 Identification of the holotype ....... 268 Additional material in the British Museum (Natural History) . 269 Supplementary description ....... 269 IV. NOTES ON Clinura ......... 271 Material studied . .... .271 Posterior sinus ......... 272 Protoconch .......... 274 Transverse sculpture . .... .274 V. NOTES ON Waitara livatula POWELL . ... 275 Protoconch .......... 275 Transverse sculpture . ... .276 VI. SYSTEMATICS .......... 276 General principles . .. .276 The Clinura-Thatcheria group . .. .278 Division into genera . .... .281 Interspecific differentiation in Thatcheria ... .283 Evolution in the Clinura-Thatcheria group .... 286 Systematic position of the Clinura-Thatcheria group . 288 Formal classification . .. .. .291 VII. A NEW SPECIES OF Thatcheria FROM THE PLIOCENE OF FIJI . 292 VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......... 294 IX. REFERENCES .......... 295 SYNOPSIS The literature on the subject is reviewed with particular reference to the systematics of the genera concerned. -
A New Lineage of Conoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) Revealed by Morphological and Molecular Data Yuri Kantor, Ellen Strong, Nicolas Puillandre
A new lineage of Conoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) revealed by morphological and molecular data Yuri Kantor, Ellen Strong, Nicolas Puillandre To cite this version: Yuri Kantor, Ellen Strong, Nicolas Puillandre. A new lineage of Conoidea (Gastropoda: Neogas- tropoda) revealed by morphological and molecular data. Journal of Molluscan Studies, Oxford Uni- versity Press (OUP), 2012, 78 (3), pp.246-255. 10.1093/mollus/eys007. hal-02458188 HAL Id: hal-02458188 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02458188 Submitted on 28 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A new lineage of Conoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) revealed by morphological and molecular data Yu. I. Kantor1, Ellen E. Strong2, N. Puillandre3,4 1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsk Prosp. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia 2National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 3Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Departement Systematique et Evolution, UMR 7138, 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France 4 Atheris Laboratories, Case postale 314, CH-1233 Bernex-Geneva, Switzerland ABSTRACT The hyperdiverse group of venomous Conoidea has eluded attempts to construct a robust and stable classification owing to the absence of a robust and stable phylogenetic framework.