NEWSLETTER of the \ MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Volume 40, Number 1 February, 1995

Keeping Watch at the Michigan Border

Thomas E. Wallenmaier Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA-APHIS, Room 228, International Terminal, Metropolitan Airport, Detroit, MI 48242

There is a small group of inspectors the Detroit Metropolitan Airport. Many and seeds that were seized earlier from who work on a 24 hour-per-day basis to international flights arrive each day with passengers are examined by the inspec­ protect American agriculture from the thousands of passengers. These passen­ tors for insects and other pests. The air­ establishment and spread of foreign gers are screened for agricultural risk port identification laboratory is in use plant pests. These pests are known as and a percentage have their luggage everyday. Reports are madeon all pests "exotic" pests, i.e., they are not known examined by the USDA inspectors. Pro­ found. There is an entomology identi­ to be established in the United States. hibited or restricted items are seized fier in Chicago, where all insect speci­ There are thousands of economically and examined for pests. mens are sent if theyare especially diffi­ important insect pests throughout the Each day, large volumes offruits and world that do not occur in the United vegetables, meat products, and plants «;@IJIj7fOIJljIlJIEff» ON NEXT PAGE­ States. Inaddition, there are many times that numberof plant-feeding insects that could become economically important if introduced to a newgeographical area BREAKING DIAPAU SE 1995 such as the United States. Agriculture inspectors work at De­ Sponsored by the M ichigan Entomological Society and the troit Metropolitan Airport because in­ ternational airports are potentially one University of Michigan Museum of Zoology of the most serious threats for the spread Saturday, March 4, 12-3 p.m. of economic insects throughout the Ruthven Museums Building, University ofMichigan world. Cargo and passenger traffic has increased sharply in recent years at De­ Come and meet other fellow entomologists and insect enthusiasts! troit. The Plant Protection and Quaran­ Slide shows, refreshments, and tours of the tine (PPO) division of USDA APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection UMMZ Insect Division facilities. Service) has ten inspectors stationed at The collections will also be open to researchers wanting to Detroit. The mission of these inspectors work with the specimens. is to prevent the introduction of new pestsanddiseases into the United States. For more information, ca ll Mark O'Brien at 313-747 -2199; The inspectors also cover the Canadian email: [email protected] border entry points, foreign ships arriv­ ing at Detroit, and trains bringing cargo from Europe via Montreal. Some of the most interesting work occurs at the international terminal of I i I L otic species ofoneof the mostserious economic genera of frui t flies. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) - This is the infamous Mediter­ ranean Fruit Fly, the most widespread and destructive pest of citrus. An introduction into California is currently under eradication. Since Detroit is a hub for fli ghts to California and Florida, infested fruit could be carried to these states. Dacus oleae (Gmelin) - This is the olive fruit fly. Olives are grown on a limited scale in California and Florida and the introduction of this pest would pose a serious threat.

LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE Cydia sp. -These are undetermined exotic species of the genus which contains a numberof fruit and nut pests; closely related to Cydia pomenel1a, the U. S. codling moth.

LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE Helicoverpa sp. -These are undetermined exotic species of the rG@IMLrOIM/])}[g1PJ FROM PAGE 1­ genus, which contains a number ofcrop pests; closely related to Helicoverpa zea, the U. S. corn earworm. cult to identify. For the extremely difficult cases, specimens are sentto the Systematic Entomology Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland or Washington, D.C. The identifications are then entered into a national database. In addition to these ten frequently found insects, there are To give an idea of the insect pests commonly intercepted in a number of other economic insects that are intercepted at Detroit, I have listed below the ten most frequently encoun­ Detroi t Metropolitan Airport. For the period 1991-93, 69 different genera or species of exotic insects were found. tered pests from 1991-93 that are exotic and of quarantine and economic significance. Some of these insects are identified There is also some air cargo posing agricultural risk that only to the genus level because they were intercepted in the comes to Detroit from Europe and Asia. Currently we are immature stages when accurate species identification is not importing peppers and tomatoes from the Netherlands, and possible. cut flo wers from the Netherlands, England and Asia. These products are inspected for exotic pests. If pests are fo und, the HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE commodity must be treated, re-exported or destroyed. Exotic species of Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera are commonly in­ Aleurolobus marlatti Quaintance - This whitefly attacks vari­ tercep ted on these commodities. ous plants in India and Pakistan. Foreign ships coming through the St. Lawrence Seaway HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE often stop at Detroit to load or unload cargo. One commodity frequently imported in Detroit is steel. This steel is packed in Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) - This scale insect attacks the hold of the ship with rough wooden braces called "dun­ pistachios in the Middle East. nage." Scolytid beetles are sometimes found when this dun­ Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) - This scale insect is a major pest of nage arrives with bark attached. Under current regulations, citrus in Asia, and scattered countries in Africa, Mideast and any wood with bark attached must be incinerated, and in­ Latin America. It also occurs in Hawaii and has been recently spectors keep a careful watch on ships that are unloading. introduced into a limited area of Florida. There are many other insects found tha t are notconsidered COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE of quarantine significance. Some of these interceptions are made of insect species that are economically important but Curculio sp. - These are undetennined exotic species in the which already are established in the U.s., e.g., many stored genus which includes a number of pest species. product insects, and many agricultural pests. These insects do Curculio elephas (GyllenJ1al) - This is the European chestnut not require quarantine action. Also, many interceptions are weevil, which attacks chestnuts and acorns. made of insect species that are considered as beneficials, scavengers, or secondary invaders. These insects also do not DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE require quarantine action. Finally, in addition to insects, there are a number of different plant diseases, exotic weeds, snails, Bactrocera sp. -This is mainly the genus formerly called Dacus and nematodes that are intercepted in Detroit. and these interceptions represent various und etermined ex­

February, 1995 flf}fE'I!IfI~flfEITfEfXj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) ityassurance checks, trainingand hands­ Neu tral varnish finish. Cabinets are on supervision. Send resume, salary re­ approx. three years old. For more infor­ Notices quirements, and a short description of mation, contact; LeroyC. Koelm,207Quail Trail, Greenwood, MS 38930-7315: Tele­ (Notices will be run for a year or 4 numbers of yourgoals and strengths to: Linden Grif­ the Newsletter unless notified to drop them . fin, Griffin Environmental Services, 3001 phone: 601-455-5498 Members desiring longer runs should notify E. Kilgore Rd., Kalamazoo, Michigan Wanted: Michigan Orthoptera Records. newsletter editor, Robert Haack, USDA For­ 49002. New Michigan county and state records est Service, Nisbet Bldg., Rm . 220, 1407 S. S ummer Field Classes in Maine. arebeingaccumulatedforOrthoptera (ex­ Harrison Rd., East Lansing, M I 48823.) Black Flies - Simuliidae, June 11-17; cludingmantidsandcockroaches) for use Lepidoptera of Coastal Maine, June 18­ in a future publication on Orthoptera of EntoPrint: Label Making Software. A 24; Coleoptera, June 25-July 1; Aquatic Michigan. Would like to look at private new product from Entomation to pre­ Entmology, July 9-15; Chironomid and public (museums, community col­ pare insect labels for the Apple Midges; August 6-12; For information, leges) collections for new species records. Macintosh. Print thousands of multiple­ con tact Eagle Hill Field Research Contact: Roger Bland, Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, line labels in minutes. You can serialize Station; P.O. Box 9; Ste uben, ME Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859. T I phone: 517­ your labels and use any font. EntoPrint 04680-0009; Phone: 207-546-2821; 774-3455; FAX 517-774-3462. requires a Macintosh 11 or better, Sys­ FAX 207-546-3042; email: EAGLHILL@ tem 7.0, and a laser printer for best re­ MAINE.MAINE.EDU Research Opportunities for qualified sults. Cost $29 plus $2 shipping. Con­ investigators at the Huron Mountains in tact: Entomation, 2742 Beacon Hill, Ann For Sale: 1. Light Traps, 12 volt DC or theupper peninsula of Michigan. Submit Arbor, MI 48104-6502. Phone: 313-971­ 110 volt AC with 15 watt or 8 watt black project proposal and resume (andbudget 6033; Email: [email protected] lights. The traps are portable and easy iffinancialsupporti s requested) byMarch to use. Rain drains and beetle screens Volunteers Wanted. The Impression 5 1 of each year to: Dr. David Gosling, protect specimens from damage. 2. Cus­ Director of Research; Huron Mountain Science Center, 200 MuseumDriv , Lan­ tom made light fixtures for permanent sing, MI is in need of volunteers to assist Wildlife Foundation; 69063 Wallowa and/or stationary light traps. Stainless Road; White Pigeon, MI 49099-9745. in nearly everyarea of the science center steel design; Mercury Vapor, Sun Lamp, Phone: 616-651-641 7; FAX: 616-651-3679. during spring 1995. Contact: Danielle Black Light and Black Light Dark; to­ Casavant, 517-485-8116, FAX 517- 485­ getheror any combination; Electrical con­ Wanted: Data on Michigan butterflies for 8125. trol with photo-cells and/ or timers. 3. usein a new publica tion on the butterflies One wood entomology cabinets. Each of Michigan. Doubtful specimens can be Insect Exhibition. A traveling show cabinets will hold 21 Cornell Drawers. forwarded for determination or confir­ entitled, "Backyard Monsters" will beat Constructed of 3/4"plywood with alumi­ mation. Especially interested in the Lansing Mall (Lansing Michigan) num drawer tracks, rubber door seal and Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae records. from April 16, 1995 to May 15, 1995. In a three point door latching mechanism. Contact M. C. Nielsen, 3415 Overlea Dr., add ition to several giant robotic insects Lansing, Ml48917. Phone: 517-321-2192. there will be a multi tude of hands-on exhibits and activities, all related to the wonderful world of bugs! New Society. "The International Scien­ tific Collectors Association" (ISCA) was formed in 1993. Contact: Carl Cook, Ex­ ecutive Director, ISCA, 469 Crailhope Road, Center, Kentucky 42214, USA. Phone: 502-565-3795. Position Available. Seeking an Assis­ tant Technical Director for a customer­ oriented, highlyreputable, midwestfirm specializing in structural pest control for residential and commercial facili­ ties. We provide money back servic and advocate IPM and reduced use of pesticides. We seek a people-oriented person to work in a dynamic, manage­ ment position. The ideal candidate will have a B.S. in Entomology or related area and some experience in urban pest management. Duties will include qual­

_ February, 1995 [J(J&P!'f®fL&'fl'fl&[J{j ofthe MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY M.E.S. 41st Annual Meeting

Alma College, one of Michigan finest liberal arts colleges, is the site of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Michigan Entomological Society on Friday, June 2, 1995. Alma is located in the center of Michigan's lower peninsula. A Phi Beta Kappa institution, Alma College enrolls 1,350 under­ graduates from 22 states and sev­ eral foreign countries. Its 87- acre campus boasts 80 varieties of na tive Michigan trees and an extensive Hosta collection. The Entomologi­ cal Society's meetings will be held in the Dow Science Center / Kapp Science LaboratoryCenter. A recent $10 million construction and reno­ vation project provided these excel­ lent science facilities, designed to Alma enhance student/faculty collabora­ College tive research. SUPERIOR ST. Following the formalprogramof the Society on Friday afternoon and Saturday the Alma College Ecologi­ cal Tract (Vestaburg Bog) 12 miles west of Alma will be available fo r collecting. This 200 acre biological reserve features old field succession Accommodations stages, a second growth hard forest and a classic bog habitat surround a 7 acre Accommodations available in Alma (Bus. 27) turn right onto Superior Street; lake. include: Comfort Inn (517/ 463-4400) and the College will be on your right. the Alma Motel (517/ 463-1135t and From the East, take M 46 from Inter­ Call for Papers Saravilla, a bed and breakfast in a his­ state 75 to Alma. Tum left onto Bus. 27. torical mansion (517/ 463-4078). At the third light on Wright A venue A call for papers ' s included with this (Bus. 27) turn right ontoSuperior Street; N e wsletter. Members intending to Suggested Driving Routes the College will be on your right. present papers must complete the en­ closed form and return it by May 1st to From the North, take US 27 to Alma. Dick Roeper, Department of Biology, Take the first Alma exit onto business Parking Alma College, Alma, Michigan 48801 27. At the third light on Wright A venue Parking is available in the Grant Street (Tel: 517 /463-7235;FAX:517 / 463-7277). (Bus. 27) tum right onto Superior Street; lots located on the east and west sides of the College will be on your right. Grant Street. Turnrightonto Grant Street Registration From the South, take US 27 to Alma. which is the first street immediately af­ Take the first Alma exit onto Business tercrossing the railroad tracks; the park­ Registration will begin at 8:30 a.m. 27. Follow Business 27 (which becomes ing lots will be on your right and left. (EDT) and the meeting at 9. Advance Superior Street) through the downtown registration by May 15th is required, business district. Continue on Superior and a form is provided with this News­ Meeting Center past Wright A venue; theCollege will be letter. The $lO.00/person registration on your right. The Dow-Kapp Science Building is fee includes a buffet lunch plus coffee located in the central part of campus. and rolls before the meeting and re­ From the West, take M 46 from US Campus signs will direct you to the freshments during breaks. Send your 131 to Alma. Tum right onto business Dow Lobby. registration and fee to Dick Roeper at 27. At the third light on Wright Av enue the address given. ___ February, 1995 (jf} ~'WI~{L,~Uif~f?J of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) - Monitoring Monarchs in Michigan's Upper Peninsula

Carol J. Meitner USDA Forest Service, 8181 U.S. Highway 2, Rapid River, MI 49878

There has always been much interest in monarch butterflies, especially due to their migratory habits. In addition, the mon­ arch has been nominated to become the national insect, but this legislation is still pending. Michigan A cooperative project is now under way between Wildlife Unlimited of Delta County, Michigan, and the Hiawatha Na­ tional Forest to evaluate the importance of Peninsula Point during the fall migration of monarch butterflies. Peninsula Point, which is owned by the U.S. Forest Service, is located at the tip of the Stonington Peninsula, Delta County, in the Michigan Upper Peninsula. Peninsula Point extends southward into Lake Michi­ gan (see map). How significant is Peninsula Point to monarchs? We know Peninsula that many monarchs use Peninsula Point as an overnight roost­ POint ing site during their fall migration to Mexico each year. To learn more about the monarchs passing through this area, an adult tagging program was initiated in 1994 as part of a Monarch Watch Project administered by Dr. Orley Taylor of the Univer­ sity of Kansas. In addition to adults, large numbers of monarch larvae were found on milkweed plants inclearings at Peninsula Point during summer 1994. Future studies will include monitoring of mon­ arch larvae as well. A monarch literature search was completed in 1994. A final report, including recommendations for habitat management and natural history interpretation, will soon be completed and sent to Wildlife Unlimited and the Forest Service. Volunteers may be needed in 1995. If interested, contact me at the address above or phone 906-630-5188.

Another Exotic Bark Beetle #Detected" in North America ­ Editor's Note

The scolytidHylurgus ligniperda, com­ near Rochester, Monroe County, New A detection survey is planned for monly called the red-haired pine bark York, that was part of a regional exotic 1995 in the area around Rochester, NY. beetle, was detected in New York. This barkbeetle detection programsupported The purpose of this survey is to deter­ beetle is native to Europe but has be­ by USDA APms and others. Although mine if Hylurgus ligniperda is truly estab­ come established in other parts of the the beetle was collected during the trap­ lished ornot. Itis possible that this single world (New Zealand, South Africa, ping period 24-31 May 1994, it was not beetle simply flew off a foreign ship Chile) where pines are planted. It breeds identified until December 1994 because while passing through Lake Ontario and mostly in fresh pine stumpsand logging it takes months to sort through all the ended up in thebaited trap, and thereby slash. The greatest damage is caused samples. The trapping site, located about does not represent a breeding popula­ when new adults conduct their matura­ 1.5 miles from Lake Ontario and 3.5 tion. We'll find out in a few months. tion feeding at the base of young pine miles from the port of Rochester, wason seedlings, which can result in tree death. a private estate with 75 acres of conifers. Many of the trees were damaged during So far, only a single beetle has been a 1991 ice storm, so this beetle had plenty detected. This beetle was found in a trap of material to breed in. _ February, 1995 fJ:!J~ 1of.VJ~!L~IT~ {frj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) - Mosquito-Borne Filariasis in the Philippines

Ned Walker, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University

Not all MES membersare lepidoptera and elephantiasis of the limbs, breasts, tive stage. These larval nematodes then freaks- I'm a mosquito fan myself. I've vulva, and scrotum. However, only a migrate to the base of the mouthparts, recently started some collaborative re­ small percentage of people develop these where they exit during blood feeding search in the Philippines on the mosqui­ problems. Allergic hypersensitivity to and penetrate the hole in the skin made toes responsible for transmission of Iym ­ parasite-associated antigens may also by the mosquito's mouthparts. phatic filariasis there. This has become a be part of the chronic syndrome. My research in the Philippines on fascinating story. Unlike malaria or many of the mos­ mosquito vectorsofbancroftian filariasis The mosquito-borne, filarial nema­ quito-borne viruses, where only certain has so far involved two trips, in October todes are associated with widespread, genera, species, or even populations of 1993, and December 1994. My Philip­ chronic human disease-lymphatic pine collaborators work at the Research filariasis-in tropical and subtropical ar­ Institute for Tropical Medicine in Ma­ eas. The endemic areas of the world ... larval nematodes nila, and my American collaborator is include most tropical areas, particularly Dr. Mickey Kron, an infectious disease in Asia. Within the area of current distri­ then migrate to the base phYSician and specialist in parasitic in­ bution, there are an estimated 905 mil­ of the mouthparts, fections and a faculty member at Michi­ lion people at risk of contracting lym­ ganState UniverSity. Ourstudy broadly phatic filariasis, and some 90.2 million where they exit during addresses the socioeconomic impact of active infections. Of these, most (81 .6 the disease on villagers in rural settings, million) are caused by Wuchereria blood feeding and immunology, and also considers the banerofti, the causative agent of penetrate the hole in transmission dynamics of the disease in Bancroftian filariasis, and 8.6 million relation to the "force of infection" by are caused by Brugia malayi, the caus­ the skin made by the biting mosquitoes, and the prevalence ative agent of Brugian filariasis. mosquito'S mouthparts. of the disease on a local basis. Lymphatic fil ariasis has both acute In the Philippines, transmission of and chronic phases; thedisease does not bancroftian filariasis occurs in areas lead to death but instead to chronic de­ where abaca (Musa textilis, a banana­ bilitation in untreated cases. Infective mosquitoes are capable of transmitting like plant) is grown for fiber production. stage larvae enter the skin at the site of these agents, the filarial nematodes as­ This plant is commonly called Manila the mosquito bite and migrate to the sociated with lymphatic filariasis have hemp, and it is primarily grown in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (par­ many different species of mosquito hosts Bicol region of southeastern Luzon. The ticularly the lower abdomen) where they across a range of four genera: Culex, fibersare unusually strong, and are used develop to the ad ult stage. Female Mansonia, Aedes and Anopheles. Within for such diverse products as marine worms, ranging between 80-100 mm in any area, whether urban or rural, there hausers, teabag paper, shirts,and hand­ length at maturity, release live, imma­ is usually one or two primary vectors, bags. Bicol is a volcanic region with rich ture worms called micro filariae into the but across a broad geographic range, soils, a heavy monsoon, and annual peripheral circulatory system. The den­ many species of mosquitoes in different cycles of very wet and less wet (but still sity of microfilariae in peripheral blood, genera may serve as vectors. In addi­ rainy) seasons. Abaca thrives in such called the microfilaremia, is highly vari­ tion, the appearance of microfiIariae in areas, in particular under a canopy of able but can range from < 1 to over 500 the peripheral blood varies on a cyclical, tall coconut which offers protection from microfilariae per 20 cubic mm. Most 24 hourbasis. In some areas, the microfi­ high monsoon winds and prevents the people with this disease develop anacute lariae appearat nightin association with abaca plants from uprooting. The two phase characterized by attacks of recur­ mosquitoeshavinglatenight-bitinghab­ prominent volcanoes in the area are rent fever (usually lasting 7-14 days per its, but in other areas the microfilariae Mayon (8,000 feet elevation), a near per­ episode, with 3-4 episodes per year) con­ appear in the blood stream during the fect cone and extremely majestic in ap­ comitant with inflammation in the daytime, in association with day-biting pearance; and Bulusan (5,000 feet eleva­ lymph nodes and lymph vessels. In the mosquitoes. When a mosquito ingests tion), a less perfect cone but no less chronic phase, which occurs often years blood with these tiny worrns, theworrns majestic on a clear day. Both volcanoes after infection, the pathology may be punch through the midgut epithelium are active. Bulusan erupted during our extreme, including hydrocele of the scro­ of the mosquito and migrate to the flight stay in December; the sound and ashfall muscles of the thorax, where they un­ tum (Le., accumulation of lymph fluid ({;@ INf(fOfM(IJJ~@ ON NEXT PAGE- resulting in swelling and expansion), dergo two molts to an elongate, infec­ IIfIIIii February, 1995 !JIJ ~ PIf~ fb~ ,[[,'ifrglff1 ofthe MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) ­ ©@IJIJIlOIJIJIIJJIE@ FROM PREVIOUS PAGE- humans are bitten an average of 19.5 tious bites or 55,432 infective stage lar­ times by infective and noninfective Ae. vae delivered to the human population. were quite impressive from our guest poicilius per night, thus delivering an Currently, we hypothesize that the indi­ house, situated only 3 miles from the average number of 0.44 infective bites vidualsin the villages can mount a strong volcano. In the Bicol region, prevalence per night per person. Assuming a trans­ immunological response to the nema­ offilariasis may range from 0 to as high mission season of six months, each per­ todes delivered to them by mosquito as35% among villagers, depending upon son in an abaca growing region would bites, and only a subsample of the hu­ whether or not the people grow abaca. recei ve 80.3 infective bi tes and 271 infec­ man population actually develops dis­ The leafaxils of the abaca plant WTap tive stage larvae annually. ease. Perhaps these people are less com­ around the stem in sucha wayas to form This seems like a lot of transmission petent, immunologically, to fight off in­ a distinct, water-holding pocket, in of nematodes to people, and it is, but the fection. Dr. Kron is conducting an im­ which a conununity of aquatic insects quandary we are facing in our research munolOgical typing study, parallel to lives. Our censuses of these leaf axils is that there is less disease in the human our mosquito studies, to try and figure show that they range from only 5 to 70 population relative to the level of infec­ out this puzzle. ml in volume, yet harbor larvae of tive mosquito-biting. By examining the in the meantime, the villagers of the Prionocyphon beetles of the family age-specific rate of filariasis infection in Bicol region in the Philippines continue Scirtidae; larvae of Pericoma flies of the villagers, and comparing it to the rate of togrow and harvest abaca, and go about family Psychodidaei and larvae of many transmission, we have calculated that their lives under the pr,essure of nightly different species of mosquitoes in the only one human case of Bancroftian mosquito attacks and in the daily shad­ genera Aedes, Tripteroides, Harpagom yia, filariasis arises for every ca. 16,400 infec­ ows of smoking volcanoes. and Uranotaenia .However, Aedes larvae dominate the conununity, with up to 30 larvae per leaf axil. In this region of the Philippines, most of the Aedes larvae belong to the Aedes (Finlaya) kochi group of species (an Indomalaysian group with some members in southeast Asia). This group is characterized by larvae which have multiple stellate setae on their bod­ ies (which may assist in clinging and actually crawling from one leaf axil to another), and adults with black bodies thatare brightlyomamented with white scale patches and legs heavily ringed with white scales. Most characteristic of this group of species are the wings, which are unusual in that, like Anopheles wings, they are ornamented with black and white scales that form distinct patterns. Although larvae of fourdifferentspe­ cies of Aedes (Finlaya) occur in the leaf axils, yet only one of these species is a vector of the nematodes: Aedes poicilius. The other species are Aedes ananae, Aedes sorsogonensis, and Aedes jlavipennis. En­ tomological investigations in the study area showed that, on a typical night in the rainy season, a person living in an abaca-growing village could expect to be bitten by up to 40 female Ae. poicili us pernight (the average is around 20 bites per night). These mosquitoes like to bite indoors, and there is very little relief from them for sleeping people. Of the biters, typically 2-3% are infective for W. bancrofti and they deliver an average of 3.4 infective stage nematodes per bite. Our transmission model considers that

_ February, 1995 fM~'!fIf®f1.~'iiif~~ of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) Best Children's "Bug" Books of 1993

Gary A. Dunn, Young Entomologists' Society, Inc., 1915 Peggy Place, Lansing, Michigan 48910-2553

The Young Entomologists' Society is pleased to announce its selections of the best children's books on insects/spiders u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service Plans to published during 1993. The purpose of these awards is to recognize outstand­ Modify Collecting Regulations ing children's books that foster anaware­ ness about insects and encourage and K. Elaine Hoagland, ACS Washington Initiative, January 1995 facilitate learning about the insects of our world. Selections were made from The U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to modify the current and 69 book titles by a panel of four distin­ proposed regulations affecting the import and export of non-threatened guished judges: Dianna K. Dunn, Ex­ biological specimens. The current plan is to give scientific institutions and ecutive Director of YES; BrianWinslow, scientists an exemption from the regulations for import-export of non-listed Children's Naturalist at the Children's species, provided that a USFWS Form 3-177 declaration of the contents of Schoolh ou se Na ture Park, Lake shipments be provided to FWS within 180 days. The contents could be listed Metroparks, Ohio; Dr. David Kulhavy at the lowest taxonomic level feasible (not necessarily at the species level). of Stephen F. Austin University in Regulations concerning endangered and CITES-listed species will not be Nacogdoches, TX; and, Gary A. Dunn, affected by this change. Although the final rule will not be issued for some Director of Educational Programs and time, this is very optimistic news. Services of YES. Criteria used to select the outstanding non-fiction books in­ ity of the illustrations, lack of negative York. This book provides accurate and cluded technical and scientific merit, attitudes about insects, quality of "hid­ completeiniormationonthe biologyand quality of illustrations, encouragement den lessons" in storyline, overall ap­ ecology of dragonflies in a way that is for further investigation, age appropri­ peal, and value for the money. easily understood byyoungreaders. The ateness, unique orspecial qualities, over­ complete storyofdragonflies -life cycle, The best non-fiction book for younger all appeal, and value for the money. behavior, folklore, beneficial activities­ youth is "Dragonfly" written by Emery Criteria used to select the outstanding isbroughtdownto early childhood level. Bernhard, illustrated byDurgaBernhard fiction book included accuracy of ento­ While this book serves as a great intro­ and published by Holiday House, New mological principles in storyline, qual­ duction to these valuable and interest­ ing insects, it also provides information beyond a simple introduction and en­ courageschildren to expand their think­ ing about the importance of dragonflies. The statements that "Dragonflies never hurt people" and "Sometimes they even helppeople bycatching insects that sting or bite" encourages young readers to stop and think aboutwhat they learned, and perhaps to consider investigating dragonflies further. The illustrations are elegantly simplistic, though accurate, and have good age appeal. The dragon­ fly "trail" that winds its way through thebookhelps complimentthe storyline and emphasizes theinterconnectedness of the information. The best "bug" book for intermedi­ ate youth is "The Ultimate Bug Book", written by Luise W oelflein, illustrated.

©@fMIi'OlMlJ!JfE@ ON NEXT PAGE­ ~ February, 1995 fJ!JrgW~ iLrg 'iTif{gfJ!J ofthe MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) - lustrated by Sylvia Long, and publi shed Wright and published by Houghton ~@fflJIf'OffIJ(lJ~@ FROM PREVIOUS PA GE- by Chronicle Books, San Francisco, Cali­ Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachusetts. This fornia. This book, inspired by a legend book fills a long-standing need that has by Wendy Smith-Griswold, and pub­ of the Ka ruk people of the American gone unattended for many years: a lished by Western Publishing Co., New west coast, brings to life the Wise old simple guide to the caterpillars of com­ York. This book li ves up to its billing Coyote (a trickster-hero), his animal mon butterflies and moths of North and has a great combination of insect fri~nds (Eagle, Cougar, Fox, Bear, Mea­ America. This Field Guide is filled with information along with great appeal for suring Worm, Turtle and Frog), and the factual, scientifically accurate informa­ children. The heart of the book are the Yellowjacket sisters. The story of how tionand superb artistic illustrations. The amazing full-color, three-dimensional the Animal People steal fire from the illustrationsare particularly valuable be­ pop-ups featuring many fascinating in­ Yellowjacket sisters is a d ramatic tale of cause they not only show the caterpil­ sects from around the world. As readers bravery and cooperation that will keep lars, butalso thefoodplants, pupae(chry­ examine the pages closely, they discover any reader on the edge of their seat. It is salids and cocoons), and adults. This three other unique features of this book: interesting to note that the story works naturalist-friendly book, with its easy­ a scratch and sniff stink bug, a fuzzy on several intellectual levels, and will to-use identification key, simple text, moth body, and an electronic cricket entertain and educate readers of all ages. and colorful illustrations, is exactly the chirper! The informative text explains The illustrations of Sylvia Long are in­ kind of book that every youth and adult how insects live, eat, defend themsel ves, credibly detailed, life-like, and seem­ amateur butterfly and moth enthusiast and reproduce (and has been checked ingly jump off the pages. They capture needs in their reference library. This is a for accuracy by consultants from the the setting and traditions of the Karuk great resource and is clearly deserving Smithsonian Institution). people in glorious detail. of recognition. The best non-fiction book for older An honorable mention award is also The best "bug" books of 1994 will be youth is "Entomology" (Real Kids/Real given to "Caterpillars of North America announced soon. Science series) written by Ellen Doris, (Peterson Field Guides)" by Amy Bartlett with original photography by Len Rubenstein, and published by Thames and Hudson, New York. This book pre­ sents lots of information on methods for studying insects through a wide variety of investigative activities including ob­ serving metamorphosis, exploring a pond, raiSing insects, making a collec­ tion, and more. The purpose of the book is to provide children between the ages of nine and fourteen with the tools, tech­ niques, and encouragement to explore the natural world of insects for them­ selves. The information given in thebook is based upon the program at the fa­ mous Children'S School of Science in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. While the book is project oriented, it also provides a great deal of background information on insect na tural history. The color pho­ tographs are an integral partof the book. They show many different types of in­ sects, as well as pictures of kids in the process of studying insects. It's worth noting that the vast majority of young subjects shown in the photographs are girls; this demonstrates that the studyof insects is appropriate for both girls and boysand encourages young girls to con­ sider a career in the life sciences and/ or entomology. The best fiction "bug" book is ''Fire Race" written by Jonathan London, il­

_ February, 1995 {}!}(g'IffJ~fL{g 'if 'if{g{K1 afthe MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) More on Moth Collecting in Michigan's Upper Peninsula

Mo C. Nielsen, Lansing, Michigan

On 17 June 1994, Ted Herig and 'Mo' Nielsen prepared for a long night of moth collecting atop a sandy 'knoll' in Schoolcraft County - our favorite location during the past few years; see earlier descrip­ tion in Nielsen (1993). We used two vertical sheets. Using gasoline generators, one sheet was illuminated with a 15 watt UV light and a 175 watt MV light mounted on a 4-foot tripod, while the other used a 40 watt UV light with a 175 watt sun-lamp. In addition, two 10 watt UV bucket-traps with 12 volt deep-cycle batteries, were placed some distance from the two sheets. The evening was partly cloudy with a slight southwesterly breeze; temperatures ranged from 870 F at 1930 hours to 65 0 F at 0500 hours. We fortified ourselves with coffee and cookies to stay awake until 0500, when the lights were turned off. While hundreds of moths covered each sheet, special attention was made to collect species previously unrecorded from this location, especially the geometrids and micros. Two records made that evening were especially memorable. An immaculate male hybrid of Hyalophnra cecropia Xcolumbill wascollected in one of the UV traps. This was the first experience for either of us in many years of UV collecting in northern Michigan counties. While both silk moths are found at this location, it is rare to find hybrid adults within their range. We have found hybrid cocoons previously in the Michigan lower peninsula, but they usually do not produce adults. At 0230 hours, a copulating female Ceratomia undulosa and a male Sphinx poecila flew on the sheet with the sun-lamp! The flying pair was spotted briefly before landing on the sheet; it was the female that was flyi ng with the male literally hanging on - a very weird sight for two tired collectors! Photographs were taken while the pair rested on the sheet (see photo), but unfortunately the pair flew off before they could be 'bagged' fo r ova! It is rare to fi nd different species in the same genera in copulation, it is even more rare to find different species in different genera mating!! This was another 'first' for us. Some of the other moth highlights included the following: Saturniidae: H. cecropia X columbia; Sphingidae: Ceratomia anyntor, Sphinx kalmias; Notodontidae: Closterabrucei, Datana major,Dasylophia thyatroides; Arctiidae: Apantesis celia;Noctuidae: Synedoida adumbrata alleni, Autographs mappa, Syngrapha montana, Acronicta hastulifera, A. {uneralis, Melanchra pulverulenta, Lacanobia rugosa, L. tacoma, Papestra hiren, Leucania linita, Schinia hina. Our effort was part of a continuing statewide Lepidoptera survey. Many more moths, representing at least 100 species of which several are Geometridae and micros, were collected and are still awaiting determinations. The bulk of the material has been deposited in the Michigan State University Lepidoptera collection.

February, 1995 [}(j ~ '!!'f®Ib~'iiI!~(ffj of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) Maintaining Student Interest in Science

Mary McCoy, Biology Department, 17th & College Avenue, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas 66621.

Below are responses by Washburn University students as to what increased or d ecreased their interest in science. For each question, students were allowed to give 3 responses.

Number of responses given by 63 Number of responses given by 56 Biol­ Number of responses given by 54 Biology majors for techniques that ogy majors fo r techniques that increased Non-Biologymajors for techniques that decreased their interest in science. their interest in science. increased their interest in science.

Straight lecture ...... 33 Enthusiasm ...... 21 Using visual images ...... 30 Too much/too fast ...... 28 Relevance of material...... 21 Relevance of material ...... 20 Not organized ...... 26 Visual images ...... 20 Enthusiasm ...... 12 Impatient with questions ...... 23 Organization of material ...... 17 Good laboratories ...... 9 Monotone presentation ...... 14 Field experiences ...... 16 Involve students in lecture ...... 7 Poorly prepared exams ...... 13 Show interest in students ...... 15 Offer "hands-on" activities ...... 7 Little interest in students...... 8 Attention-getting techniques ...... 12 Emphasize key points ...... 6 Other ...... 10 Good laboratories ...... 12 Organization of material ...... 6 Involve students in research ...... 8 Attention-getting techniques ...... 4 Humor...... 7 Field experiences ...... 4 Involve students in lecture ...... 5 Humor ...... 4 Emphasize key points ...... 5 Show interest in students ...... 2 Other (15 categories) ...... 22 Other ...... 13

Arthropod Pheromones & Experimental Use Permits

Stephen L. Johnson, Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, Washington, D.C.

The U.s. Environmental Protection mum use rate of 150 grams active ingre­ 250 acres for all pheromones (food and Agency (EPA) announced that as of 7 dient (ai)/acre/year. Tests conducted nonfood uses) still requires an EUP. By July 1994 it is expanding the acreage cut­ with such pheromones, using specified mail, contact: Phil Hutton, Product Man­ off for when an experimental use pennit conditions, now do not require an EUP ager, Registration Division, Office of (EUP) is required under the Federal In­ atacreages upto andincluding 250acres. Pesticide Programs, Environmental Pro­ secticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Testsconducted with pheromone prod­ tection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Wash­ Act (FIFRA) from 10 acres to 250 acres ucts on food crops entering commerce ington, DC 20460. The actual office loca­ for certain uses of biological pesticides. would still require an EUP and a tempo­ tion is: Rm. 213, CM #2, 1921 Jefferson These uses include arthropod phero­ rary tolerance or an exemption from the Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202; mones, irrespective of fo rmulation, requirement of a temporary tolerance. Phone 703-305-7690. when used in non-food areas at a maxi­ Similarly, testing on acreages exceeding

_ February, 1995[}fj{g'llf®{b{gUif'{g /Jtl of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY V40(1) 1995 Dues Notices Update on the American Mo Nielsen, M ES Treasurer Burying Beetle MES members, your ATIENTION please! Your 1995 dues notice was mailed to you in December 1994. Please make an Endangered Species Technical Bulletin, i994 effort to remit your dues as soon as possible, and include any dues that are in arrears (i n red). Remember, you are respon­ The third year of a pilot effort to reintroduce the sible for all dues in arrears. Should you wish to discontinue endangered American burying beetle (Nicrophorus your MES membership, you must notify us in writing! We are americanus) at historical habitat on Penikese Island, not mind-readers. At the last Governing Board meeting, it Massachusetts, is nowcomplete. Additional lab-reared was decided to drop from membership those members who beetles were released, and trapping confirmed that are in arrears at the end of the dues' year! In the past, it has some of the 1993-released beetles had reproduced. In been the Society's policy to drop members after dues are two 1994, the FWS also secured protection for habitat on years in arrears. On a more cheerful note, this is an excellent Block Island, Rhode Island, that will be managed as time to elevate your membership to "sustaining" or even to part of the Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge. One of make a modest donation! the purposes of the new unit is to provide protection for It would also help the Son ety save expenses if members the only known natural population of the American who move during the year would forward us a "change of burying beetle in the eastern United States. address card," which can be obtained from any post office. A new fact sheet on the American burying beetle is Onceagain, we ask our members (especially college students) now available from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, to use a permanent address (parents, work) when moving New England Field Office, 22 Bridge Street, Concord, frequently. We receive too many returned publications from New Hampshire 03301 (Phone: 603-225-1411;FAX:603­ the post office marked "temporarily away" or "forwarding 225-1467). order expired." With postal rates increasing, we need your help to minimize expenses!

MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY NONPROFIT ORG. U. S. POSTAGE PAID Easl La nsing , Mi ch. DEPARTMENT or ENTOMOLOGY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY PERM IT NO . 14 EAST LANSING. MICHIGAN 48823

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