Notes on the Cyperaceae of Iowa

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Volume 55 Annual Issue Article 11

1948

Herald D. Bennett State University of Iowa

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Recommended Citation Bennett, Herald D. (1948) "Notes on the Cyperaceae of Iowa," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 55(1), 77-82. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol55/iss1/11

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Notes on the Cyperaceae of Iowa

HERALD D. BENNETT The information for this paper was obtained from specimens collected by Professor Bohumel Shimek and stored, unidentified except for about 300 specimens, in the herbarium of the State Uni versity of Iowa, Iowa City. In the approximately 300 previously identified species just mentioned (the person responsible for their identification is unknown) there were more erroneously than cor rectly identified plants. A large number of these specimens belonged to the Ovales section and had been identified as Carex festucacea. It was found that there was one Carex festucacea and all the rest were either C. brevior, C. Bicknellii or C. molesta. These plants were collected from practically all parts of the state over the period of years from 1896 to 1936. This collection does not represent all of the Shimek collection of Cyperaceae, there were many others which have been previously identified and reported. In this particular part of the plants collected by Shimek there were 70 counties represented. As the missing counties are mostly scattered it is indicated that Professor Shimek collected from all parts of the state at one time or another. The missing counties cor respond with Gilly's (3) report, with the exception of four, of the counties from which there has been little or no reporting. The four exceptions have each had approximately 20 species previously re ported from them. In this collection there was something over 1500 specimens in which there were 8 genera and 92 species represented. The largest number of specimens were reported from Johnson, Iowa, Dickinson and Muscatine counties. It was interesting to note that two sections in particular in the genus Carex, as recognized by Mackenzie, were represented by a large number of specimens. In section 12, Bracteo sae, there were large numbers of 0. Muhlenbergii, C. gravida, and C. cephalophora; in section 21, Ovales, which had by far the largest number of specimens, there were C. brevior, C. Bicknellii, C. molesta, and C. scoparia. Other species in these sections and species in other sections were represented by much fewer numbers of specimens. The other genera were not as well represnted as Carex except for Cyperus esculentus and Eleocharis calva; other genera and species sometimes were represented by as few as one specimen. It has been suggested that Professor Shimek may have collected such large numbers of certain species because he had difficulty recognizing them. This must not have been true, however, as many of the specimens col lected wer lacking in some diagnosic character such as roots or sterile shoots, or mature fruit or even leaves in a number of cases. The other answer which is undoubtedly the better is that he was collecting for his ecological records. The check list on which the new county and state reports in this paper are based is from the paper by Gilly ( 3). In general Mackenzie 77

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(6) was used as the authority for the genus Carex, Svenson (7) for the genus Scirpus and Deem (1), Fernald (2), Gilly (3) and Gray ( 4) for the remainder. As the work by Gilly ( 3) is being used as a check list it is necessary to note differences in the reporting of species between the two papers and that due to these differences the true distribu tion of certain species over the state will not be shown. Carex lunelliana Mackenz. is included under C. gravida Bailey by Gilly. Of the specimens examined in this collection it would appear that there are distinct differences between the species, the broader, orbicular perigynia and longer ligulc of C. lunelliana seem to be consistent. Carex brachyglossa Mackenz. ·is included under C. annectens (Bickn) var. xanthocarpa (Bickn) \Vi'egand. Of the specimens ex amined it has been found that the size of the perigynium and amount of extension of the leaf sheath would consistently differen tiate it from the species C. annectens. Carei lanuginosa MiChx. has been given a Varietal status by Gilly, C. lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. latifol'ia (Bock!) Gilly. This seems to be a good species, the range, the perigynin., and the leaves are all different. Carex laeviconica Dewey is included under C. atherodes Spreng., var. longolanceolata (Dewey) Gilly. It would appear that the char acters described for the leaf sheaths and for the perigynia are con sistent in differentiating the two as l'pecies. The total number of, new county reports, as listed below, is 340; the new state reports are Carex careyana Torr. and Scirpus smithii var. williamsii (Fernald) Beetle. The numbers following the species are the numbers of the counties, as listed at the end of this paper, from which specimens were collected. 7. Divisae Carex eleocharis Bailey 2 Carex praegracilis Boott. 3, 8, 15, 21 8. Intermedia Carex sartwellii Dewey 3, 17, 21, 77 12. Bracteosae Carex cephaloidea Dewey 48, 64, 84 Carex cephalophora Muhl. 20, 41, ,12, 63, 73, 77, 96 Carex gravida, Bailey 2, 7, 8, 13, 18, 22, 46, 52, 63, 65, 77, 79, 84, 98 Carex leavenworthii Dewey 17. 21, :-m, 63, 64, 77, 84, 94 95, 96 Carex lunelliana Mackenz. 77, 78, 98 Carex muhlenbergii, Schkuhr. 39, 63 Carex rosea Schkuhr. 3, 17, 22, 35, 41, 42, 43, 53, 63, 73, 75, 87 Carex sparganioidies Muhl. 8, 10, 17, 20, 21, 37, 43, 59, 63, 73, 75, 96 https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol55/iss1/11 2 Bennett: Notes on the Cyperaceae of Iowa

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13. Multiflorae Carex brachyglossa Mackenz. 39, 63, 64, 77, 84 Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 21, 40, 41, 45, 51, 77, 95, 98, 99 14. Paniculatae Carex diandra Schrank 27 Carex prarisa Dewey 27 15. Vulpinae Carex alopecoidea Tuckerm 64, 77 Carex conjuncta Boott, 53, 55, 63, 87 Carex stipata Muhl. 3, 55, 63, 77 19. Stellulatae Carex interior Bailey 3, 21, 63 21. Ovales Carex bebbi Olney 42, 63, 77 Carex Bicknellii Britt. 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, 32, 39, 41, 45, 46, 52, 63, 65, 70, 77, 82, 95, 98 Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackcnz. 7, 8, 13, 17, 22, 27, 33, 34, 37, 40, 41, 46, 63, 76, 79, 84, 99 Carex cristatella Britt. 16, 17, 40, 41, 42, 52, 63, 64, 77 Carex festucacea Schkuhr. ·13, 76 Carex molesta Mackenz. 8, 18, 52, 63, 77 Carex muskingumensis Schw. (63 and 66 previously reported) Carex normalis Mackenz. 8, 21, 42. 50, 52, 53, 63, 77 Carex projecta Mackenz. 63, 76, 77 Carex scoparia Schkuhr. 8, 19, 41, 63, 76, 77 Carex suberecta (Olney) Britt. 77 Carex sychnocephala Carey (3 previously reported) Carex tenera Dewey 1, 3, 50, 52, 64 Carex tribuloides Wahl. 3, 27, 52, 63, 75, 76, 77 27. Montanae Carex pennsylvanica Lam. 2, 13, 17, 21, 22, 25, 33, 35, 55, 63, 75, 84 31. Triquetrae Carex hirtifolia Mackenz. 41, 42, 87, 96, 98 34. Albae Carex eburnea Boott. 42 39. Paniceae Carex Meadii Dewey 16, 22, 33, 34, 46, 52, 63, 82 40. Laxiflorae Carex albursina Sheldo 21, 12, 52 Carex blanda Dewey 3, 15, 34, 53, 63, 77, 82, 84, 92 Carex careyana Torr. 42 41. Granulares Carex granularis Muhl (64 previously reported) 42. Oligocarpae Carex Hitchcockiana Dewey 47

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43. Griseae Carex amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. 3, 43, 53, 63, 80, 98 Carex conoidea Schkuhr. 52 46. Gracillimae Carex Davisii Schw. & Torr. 59, 63, 77, 90 Carex gracillima Schw. 77 47. Sylvaticeae Carex assiniboinensis Boott. 41 49. Longirostres Carex Sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng 21, 27, 52, 53, 63 53. Virescentes Carex hirsutella Mackenz. (99 previously reported) 54. Hirtae Carex lanuginosa Michx. 1, 17, 21, 23, 40, 63, 65, 67, 98 57. Shortianae Carex Shortiana Dewey (64 and 98 previously reported) 60. Atratae Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. 21, 41 61. Acutae Carex aquatilis Wahl. var. altior (Rydb.) Fern. 6, 15, 32 Carex stricta Lam. 3, 16, 21, 41, 52, 63, 65, 95 Carex Haydenii Dewey (52 previously reported) 67. Pseudo-Cyperi Carex hystricina Muhl. 42, 43, 56, 63, 77 68. Paludosae Carex atherodes Spreng (35 previously reported) Carex lacustris Willd. 27 Carex laeviconica Dewey 55, 63, 65 69. Squarrosae Carex squarrosa L. 64 Carex typhina Mich. 64, 66 70. Vesicariae Carex rostrata Stokes var. utricula.ta (Boott.) Bailey 3 Carex vesicaria L. 39 71. Lupulinae Carex Grayii Carey (63 and 64 previously reported) Carex Iupuliformis Sart. 63 Carex Iupulina Muhl. 6 Cyperus C. acuminatus Torr. & Hook 1, 96 C. aristatus Rottb. 21, 33, 34 C. diandrus Torr. 55 C. Engelmanii Stend. 36 C. erythrohizos Muhl. 34 C. esculentus L. 3, 13, 33, 55, 56, 63 C. filiculmis Wahl. 52 C. rivularis Kunth 36

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C. Schweinitzii Torr. 66 C. strigosus L. 63, 70 Dulichium D. arundinaceum (L) Britt. 77 Eleocharis E. acicularis (L) R & S 17 E. calva Torr. 8, 16, 36, 46, 50, 63, 82, 84, 86 E. compressa Sull. (77 previously reported) E. macrostachya Britt in Small 1, 21, 76 E. obtusa (Willd) Schultes 3·i, 51, 63, 75, 76 E. tenuis (Willd) Schultes 52 Eriophorum E. angustifolium Roth 41 E. gracile Koch 17 Rynchospora R. capillaceae Torr. (3 previously reported) Scirpus S. americanus Pers. 55 S. atrovirens Willd. 2, 51, 78 S. fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray Man. (15 previously reported) S. Smithii var. Willamsii (Fernald) Bettle 17 S. validus Wahl. 17, 27 Scleria S. triglomerata Michx. 3, 39, 52, 63 Adair ...... 69 Dallas 59 Adams ...... 81 Davis 97 Allamakee ..... 11 Decatur ...... 94 Appanoose 96 Delaware ..... 41 Audubon ...... 57 Des Moines ...... 89 Benton ... 51 Dickinson 3 Black Hawk 39 Dubuque ············· ...... 42 Boone ...... 47 Emmet 4 Bremer ...... 30 Fayette ...... 20 Buchanan 40 Floyd ...... 18 Buena Vista 24 Franklin 28 Butler 29 Fremont 90 Calhoun 34 Greene 46 Carroll 45 Grundy 38 Cass ...... 68 Guthrie 58 Cedar .... . 65 Hamilton 36 Cerro Gordo 17 Hancock 16 Cherokee .... 23 Hardin 37 Chickasaw ...... 19 Harrison .... 55 Clarke 83 Henry ... 88 Clay .... 14 Howard ...... 9 Clayton 21 Humboldt 26 Clinton 66 Ida ...... 32 Crawford 44 Iowa ...... 63:

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Jackson 54 Plymouth 22 Jasper 61 Pocahontas 25 Jefferson 87 Polk 60 Johnson 64 Pottawattamie 67 Jones ..... 53 Poweshiek 62 Keokuk 74 Ringgold 93 KoEsuth 5 Sac 33 Lee .... 99 Scott 78 Linn. 52 Shelby 56 Louisa 76 Sioux 12 Lucas 84 Story 48 Lyon .... 1 Tama 50 Madison 70 Taylor 92 Mahaska 73 Union 82 Marion ..... 72 Van Buren 98 Marshall 49 Wapella 86 Mills 79 Warren .... 71 Mitchell 8 Washington 75 Monona 43 Wayne ... . 95 Monroe ..... 85 Webster ...... 35 Montgomery 80 Winnebago . 6 Muscatine 77 Winneshiek 10 O'Brien 13 Woodbury 31 Osceola 2 Worth .... 7 Page 91 Wright 27 Palo Alto ...... 15 The method of numbering of the counties listed above is the same as the one used by Jaques in the Iowa Insect Survey (5).

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Deam, C. C. 1940. Flora of Indiana. Indianapolis. 2. Fernald, M. L. 1942. Critical Notes on Carex. Rhodora 44: 295- 298, 311-315, 328-331. 3a...... 1946. Identifications and reidentifications of North America! plants. Rhodora 48:145-146. 3. Gilley, Charles L. 1946. The Cyperaceae of Iowa. Iowa State College Journ. Sci. 21:55-151. 4. Gray's New Manual of Botany, 7th ed. 1908 London. 5. Jaques, H. E. 1936. How to know the insects. Chicago. 6. Mackenzie, K. K. 1931-1935. Cariceae N. Amer. F. 18 :1-478. 7. Svenson, H. K. 1947. Scirpeae N. Amer. Fl. 18:479-504. 7a. .... 1947. Group of Eleocharis palustris in North Amer- ica. Rhodora 49 :61-67. 8. Wiegand, K. M. 1922. Variations in Carex annectens. Rhodora 24:73-74.

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