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Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715 Monica C
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects "Justice Without Partiality": Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715 Monica C. Witkowski Marquette University Recommended Citation Witkowski, Monica C., ""Justice Without Partiality": Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715" (2010). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 27. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/27 “JUSTICE WITHOUT PARTIALITY”: WOMEN AND THE LAW IN COLONIAL MARYLAND, 1648-1715 by Monica C. Witkowski A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2010 ABSTRACT “JUSTICE WITHOUT PARTIALITY”: WOMEN AND THE LAW IN COLONIAL MARYLAND, 1648-1715 Monica C. Witkowski Marquette University, 2010 What was the legal status of women in early colonial Maryland? This is the central question answered by this dissertation. Women, as exemplified through a series of case studies, understood the law and interacted with the nascent Maryland legal system. Each of the cases in the following chapters is slightly different. Each case examined in this dissertation illustrates how much independent legal agency women in the colony demonstrated. Throughout the seventeenth century, Maryland women appeared before the colony’s Provincial and county courts as witnesses, plaintiffs, defendants, and attorneys in criminal and civil trials. Women further entered their personal cattle marks, claimed land, and sued other colonists. This study asserts that they improved their social standing through these interactions with the courts. By exerting this much legal knowledge, they created an important place for themselves in Maryland society. Historians have begun to question the interpretation that Southern women were restricted to the home as housewives and mothers. -
Documenting the University of Pennsylvania's Connection to Slavery
Documenting the University of Pennsylvania’s Connection to Slavery Clay Scott Graubard The University of Pennsylvania, Class of 2019 April 19, 2018 © 2018 CLAY SCOTT GRAUBARD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 OVERVIEW 3 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION 4 PRIMER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 5 EBENEZER KINNERSLEY (1711 – 1778) 7 ROBERT SMITH (1722 – 1777) 9 THOMAS LEECH (1685 – 1762) 11 BENJAMIN LOXLEY (1720 – 1801) 13 JOHN COATS (FL. 1719) 13 OTHERS 13 LABOR AND CONSTRUCTION CONCLUSION 15 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 17 WEST INDIES FUNDRAISING 18 SOUTH CAROLINA FUNDRAISING 25 TRUSTEES OF THE COLLEGE AND ACADEMY OF PHILADELPHIA 31 WILLIAM ALLEN (1704 – 1780) AND JOSEPH TURNER (1701 – 1783): FOUNDERS AND TRUSTEES 31 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706 – 1790): FOUNDER, PRESIDENT, AND TRUSTEE 32 EDWARD SHIPPEN (1729 – 1806): TREASURER OF THE TRUSTEES AND TRUSTEE 33 BENJAMIN CHEW SR. (1722 – 1810): TRUSTEE 34 WILLIAM SHIPPEN (1712 – 1801): FOUNDER AND TRUSTEE 35 JAMES TILGHMAN (1716 – 1793): TRUSTEE 35 NOTE REGARDING THE TRUSTEES 36 FINANCIAL ASPECTS CONCLUSION 37 CONCLUSION 39 THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 40 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 2 INTRODUCTION DOCUMENTING PENN’S CONNECTION TO SLAVERY 3 Overview The goal of this paper is to present the facts regarding the University of Pennsylvania’s (then the College and Academy of Philadelphia) significant connections to slavery and the slave trade. The first section of the paper will cover the construction and operation of the College and Academy in the early years. As slavery was integral to the economy of British North America, to fully understand the University’s connection to slavery the second section will cover the financial aspects of the College and Academy, its Trustees, and its fundraising. -
Chapter 4-5: Study Focus • Essay Format Essential Questions 9
Chapter 4-5: Study Focus • Essay Format Essential Questions 9. What were The Coercive Acts of 19. What were the central 1774 (the Intolerable Acts) and why ideas and grievances expressed Content Standard 1: The student were they implemented? will analyze the foundations of in the Declaration of Indepen- dence? the United States by examining 10. Why was the First Continental the causes, events, and ideolo- Congress formed? gies which led to the American 20. How did John Locke‛s the- Revolution. ory of natural rights infl uence 11. What happened at the Battles of the Declaration of Indepen- Lexington and Concord and what was dence? 1. What were the political and eco- the impact on colonial resistance? nomic consequences of the French and Indian War on the 13 colo- 21. What is the concept of the 12. What was the purpose of Patrick social contract? nies? Henry‛s Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death speech? 2. What were the British imperial 22. What are the main ideals policies of requiring the colonies to 13. What was the purpose of and established in the Declaration pay a share of the costs of defend- main arguments made by Thomas of Independence? ing the British Empire? Paine‛s pamphlet Common Sense? 23. What were the contribu- 3. What the Albany Plan of Union? 14. What were the points of views tions of Thomas Jefferson of the Patriots and the Loyalists and the Committee of Five in 4. What was the signifi cance of the about independence? drafting the Declaration of Proclamation of 1763? Independence. -
Howard County
A. Raul Delerme, Director Howard County [email protected] RECREATION & PARKS Phone: 410-313-4640 Fax: 410-313-1699 7120 Oakland Mills Road, Columbia, Maryland 21046 www.howardcountymd.gov/rapVoicefRelay: 410-31 3 -7275 August 25, 2020 Ms. Margaret Lashar ProgramOpen SpaceAdministrator Departmentof Natural Resources 580 Taylor Avenue, E-4 Annapolis, MD 21401 RE: Howard County FY2021 Annual Program for Program Open Space Assistance Dear Ms. Lashar: Enclosed is the FY2021 Howard County Annual Program for Program Open Space funding. This Annual Program is in accordance with our 2017 Land Preservation, Parks and Recreation Plan and the Plan Howard 2030 General Plan. A narrativeis attachedto addressour projectselection process, as well asthe compatibility of our projects to the Eight Visions, the Plan Howard 2030 General Plan, the 2017 Land Preservation, Parks and Recreation Plan, and the Smart Growth initiatives. We have listed projects to fully encumber all available funds. Should you require additional information, please do not hesitate to call. Sincerely, au Chief lg and Construction A. Raul Delerme Director Enclosure CC: Calvin Ball, County Executive Delegate Warren E. Miller DelegateTrent M. Kittleman DelegateCourtney Watson DelegateEric D. Ebersole DelegateTerri L. Hill DelegateJessica Feldmark Delegate Vanessa E. Atterbeary DelegateShane E. Pendergrass DelegateJen Tenasa SenatorKatie Fry Hester SenatorClarence K. Lam Senator Guy J. Guzzone Margaret Lashar,Maryland Department of Natural Resources Debbie Herr Cornwell, Maryland Department of Planning Howard County Executive Calvin Ball w\vw.howardcountymd.gov A. Raul Delerme, Director Howard County rdelerme@how ardcountymd.gov RECREATION & PARKS Phone: 410-313-4640 Fax: 410-313-1699 7120 Oakland Mills Road, Columbia, Maryland 21046 www.howardcountymd.gov/rapVoice/Relay: 410-31 3 -7275 August 25, 2020 Debbie Herr Cornwell, PLA, ASLA Maryland Department of Planning 301 West Preston Street, Suite 1101 Baltimore, MD 21201 RE: Howard County FY2021 Annual Program for Program Open Space Assistance Dear Mrs. -
Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in Maryland
Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in Maryland Founding the Proprietary Colony The founding and establishment of the propriety government of Maryland was the product of competing factors—political, commercial, social, and religious. It was intertwined with the history of one family, the Calverts, who were well established among the Yorkshire gentry and whose Catholic sympathies were widely known. George Calvert had been a favorite of the Stuart king, James I. In 1625, following a noteworthy career in politics, including periods as clerk of the Privy Council, member of Parliament, special emissary abroad of the king, and a principal secretary of state, Calvert openly declared his Catholicism. This declaration closed any future possibility of public office for him. Shortly thereafter, James elevated Calvert to the Irish peerage as the baron of Baltimore. Calvert’s absence from public office afforded him an opportunity to pursue his interests in overseas colonization. Calvert appealed to Charles I, son of James, for a land grant.1 Calvert’s appeal was honored, but he did not live to see a charter issued. In 1632, Charles granted a proprietary charter to Cecil Calvert, George’s son and the second baron of Baltimore, making him Maryland’s first proprietor. Maryland’s charter was the first long-lasting one of its kind to be issued among the thirteen mainland British American colonies. Proprietorships represented a real share in the king’s authority. They extended unusual power. Maryland’s charter, which constituted Calvert and his heirs as “the true and absolute Lords and Proprietaries of the Region,” might have been “the best example of a sweeping grant of power to a proprietor.” Proprietors could award land grants, confer titles, and establish courts, which included the prerogative of hearing appeals. -
Section 7-1: the Revolution Begins
Name: Date: Chapter 7 Study Guide Section 7-1: The Revolution Begins Fill in the blanks: 1. The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from various colonies in September of 1774 to discuss the ongoing crisis with Britain. 2. The Minutemen were members of the Massachusetts militia that were considered ready to fight at a moment’s notice. 3. General Thomas Gage was the British military governor of Massachusetts, and ordered the seizure of the militia’s weapons, ammunition, and supplies at Concord. 4. The towns of Lexington and Concord saw the first fighting of the American Revolution. 5. The “Shot heard ‘round the world” was the nickname given to the first shot of the American Revolution. 6. Americans (and others) referred to British soldiers as Redcoats because of their brightly colored uniforms. 7. At the Second Continental Congress, colonial delegates voted to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III and created an army led by George Washington. 8. The Continental Congress created the Continental Army to defend the colonies against British aggression. 9. George Washington took command of this army at the request of the Continental Congress. 10. The Continental Congress chose to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III and Parliament, reiterating their desire for a peaceful resolution to the crisis. 11. Siege is a military term that means to surround a city or fortress with the goal of forcing the inhabitants to surrender due to a lack of supplies. 12. Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allan captured Fort Ticonderoga in New York, allowing George Washington to obtain much needed supplies and weapons. -
John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: a Reappraisal.”
The Historical Journal of Massachusetts “John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal.” Author: Arthur Scherr Source: Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Volume 46, No. 1, Winter 2018, pp. 114-159. Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/number/date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/historical-journal/. 114 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2018 John Adams Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1815 115 John Adams, Political Moderation, and the 1820 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention: A Reappraisal ARTHUR SCHERR Editor's Introduction: The history of religious freedom in Massachusetts is long and contentious. In 1833, Massachusetts was the last state in the nation to “disestablish” taxation and state support for churches.1 What, if any, impact did John Adams have on this process of liberalization? What were Adams’ views on religious freedom and how did they change over time? In this intriguing article Dr. Arthur Scherr traces the evolution, or lack thereof, in Adams’ views on religious freedom from the writing of the original 1780 Massachusetts Constitution to its revision in 1820. He carefully examines contradictory primary and secondary sources and seeks to set the record straight, arguing that there are many unsupported myths and misconceptions about Adams’ role at the 1820 convention. -
The American Revolution
The American Revolution The American Revolution Theme One: When hostilities began in 1775, the colonists were still fighting for their rights as English citizens within the empire, but in 1776 they declared their independence, based on a proclamation of universal, “self-evident” truths. Review! Long-Term Causes • French & Indian War; British replacement of Salutary Neglect with Parliamentary Sovereignty • Taxation policies (Grenville & Townshend Acts); • Conflicts (Boston Massacre & Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Lexington & Concord) • Spark: Common Sense & Declaration of Independence Second Continental Congress (May, 1775) All 13 colonies were present -- Sought the redress of their grievances, NOT independence Philadelphia State House (Independence Hall) Most significant acts: 1. Agreed to wage war against Britain 2. Appointed George Washington as leader of the Continental Army Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of Taking up Arms, 1775 1. Drafted a 2nd set of grievances to the King & British People 2. Made measures to raise money and create an army & navy Olive Branch Petition -- Moderates in Congress, (e.g. John Dickinson) sought to prevent a full- scale war by pledging loyalty to the King but directly appealing to him to repeal the “Intolerable Acts.” Early American Victories A. Ticonderoga and Crown Point (May 1775) (Ethan Allen-Vt, Benedict Arnold-Ct B. Bunker Hill (June 1775) -- Seen as American victory; bloodiest battle of the war -- Britain abandoned Boston and focused on New York In response, King George declared the colonies in rebellion (in effect, a declaration of war) 1.18,000 Hessians were hired to support British forces in the war against the colonies. 2. Colonials were horrified Americans failed in their invasion of Canada (a successful failure-postponed British offensive) The Declaration of Independence A. -
George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 6
George Washington Papers, Series 3, Subseries 3A, Varick Transcripts, Letterbook 6 To THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS Head Quarters, New Windsor, March 1, 1781. Sir: The inclosed memorial of Colo. Hazen was this day put into my hands. Many of the matters mentioned in it are better known to Congress than to myself. The whole are so fully stated, as to speak for themselves, and require only the determination of Congress. The case of the Canadian Officers and Soldiers I know to be peculiarly distressing and truly entitled to redress, if the means are to be obtained. The Regiment, not being appropriated to any State, must soon dwindle into nothing, unless some effectual mode can be devised for recruiting it. Colo. Hazens pretensions to promotion seems to me to have weight, but how far they ought to be admitted, the general principles which Congress mean to adopt for the regulation of this important point will best decide. In justice to Colo. Hazen, I must testify, that he has always appeared to me a sensible, 83 spirited and attentive Officer. I have the honor etc. To THE PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS Head Quarters, New Windsor, March 1, 1781. Sir: On opening the inclosed, I found it intended for 83. In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter was read in Congress on March 23 and referred to Artemas Ward, John Sullivan, and Isaac Motte. your Excellency, though addressed to me. I intend setting out in the morning for Newport to confer with the French General and Admiral upon the operations of the ensuing Campaign. -
May 8–11, 2017
EDUCATION INSPIRATION CELEBRATION May 8–11, 2017 GRAND RAPIDS, educationRALL•inspiration •celebrYation MICHIGAN AGENDA WELCOME TO RIVER RALLY 2017! MONDAY, MAY 8TH 6:00pm–8:00pm River Rally 2017 Welcome & Opening Reception Ambassador Ballroom Welcome to River Rally 2017 in fabulous Grand Rapids, Michigan! Your job is to get as much from this event as possible—new knowledge, new friends, new ideas, and new TH TUESDAY, MAY 9 energy to bring back to your work to safeguard the health of our nation’s rivers and the 7:30am–9:00am Breakfast & Keynote Speaker Ambassador Ballroom promise of affordable clean water for all. 9:30am–11:00am Workshops River Rally 2017 arrives at a time when the social and political context of water is 11:30am–12:45pm Lunch & Plenary Panel Ambassador Ballroom changing. We have seen clearly that not only are the benefits of water not shared 1:00pm–2:30pm Workshops equitably, but the harm caused by floods, droughts, water contamination, and climate 3:00pm–4:30pm Workshops change are disproportionately experienced by low income communities, people of color, NICOLE SILK 6:30pm–8:00pm Dinner On-Your-Own and indigenous and tribal communities. 8:00pm–10:30pm Talent Show & Open Mic Pantlind Ballroom Rather than turning a blind eye to this reality, we are intentionally bringing full focus to this changing context through our program this year. We believe that a different path forward is possible by working together across WEDNESDAY, MAY 10TH political, economic, social, and other divisions, though only if we fully understand where we stand today. -
Maryland's Lower Choptank River Cultural Resource Inventory
Maryland’s Lower Choptank River Cultural Resource Inventory by Ralph E. Eshelman and Carl W. Scheffel, Jr. “So long as the tides shall ebb and flow in Choptank River.” From Philemon Downes will, Hillsboro, circa 1796 U.S. Geological Survey Quadrangle 7.5 Minute Topographic maps covering the Lower Choptank River (below Caroline County) include: Cambridge (1988), Church Creek (1982), East New Market (1988), Oxford (1988), Preston (1988), Sharp Island (1974R), Tilghman (1988), and Trappe (1988). Introduction The Choptank River is Maryland’s longest river of the Eastern Shore. The Choptank River was ranked as one of four Category One rivers (rivers and related corridors which possess a composite resource value with greater than State signific ance) by the Maryland Rivers Study Wild and Scenic Rivers Program in 1985. It has been stated that “no river in the Chesapeake region has done more to shape the character and society of the Eastern Shore than the Choptank.” It has been called “the noblest watercourse on the Eastern Shore.” Name origin: “Chaptanck” is probably a composition of Algonquian words meaning “it flows back strongly,” referring to the river’s tidal changes1 Geological Change and Flooded Valleys The Choptank River is the largest tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the eastern shore and is therefore part of the largest estuary in North America. This Bay and all its tributaries were once non-tidal fresh water rivers and streams during the last ice age (15,000 years ago) when sea level was over 300 feet below present. As climate warmed and glaciers melted northward sea level rose, and the Choptank valley and Susquehanna valley became flooded. -
Family Surnames of Value in Genealogical Research Are Printed in CAPITALS; Names of Places in Italics
INDEX (Family surnames of value in genealogical research are printed in CAPITALS; names of places in italics) Abercrombie, Reverend James, Assis- Baltimore, agreement of merchants tant Rector of Christ Church (fac- of, to suspend trade with England, ing), 312 366 Adams, Charles Francis, 356 Barbados Gazette, published by Adams, Captain James, of the ship Samuel Keimer, 283-287 Elliot, 81 Barber, Edwin Atlee, 119 Adams, John, 356 Barclay, E. E., publisher, 149, 150 Adams, John Quincy, 320 Barnhart Family, query regarding, by Adams, Samuel, opposed to adoption Nat G. Barnhart. 384 of the Constitution by Massachu- Barnum, Mr. , dinner for setts, 201 Washington Celebration, Second Addison* Judge Alexander, 335 Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, Ainsworth, William Harrison, 134 67 Alcott, A. Bronson, 132, 136 Barrett, Gyles, 216 Alexander, Major , 168 Bartram, Alexander, potter, Philadel- ALLEN, MARY, 43 phia, 100, 112, 113; advertise- ALLEN, NATHANIEL, 43 ments of, 112; property of, 112, Allen, Sergeant Samuel, 62, 72, 73, 113 ; estate of, 1779, 113 77. 78, 178, 375, 376 BARTRAM, ALZIRA, 82 America, The, arrives, 1683, 98. 100 BARTRAM, ANN, 82 American Courier, The, 151 BARTRAM, ANNA MARIA, 82 Ames, Herman V., Franklin, The BARTRAM, CATHARINE, 82 Apostle of Modern Times, by Ber- BARTRAM, ELIZABETH, 81 nard Fay, notice of, by, 188-190 Bartram, Col. George, 74, 75 Andros, Governor Edmund, 214. 243 BARTRAM, GEORGE WASHING- Anthony, Joseph, silversmith, Phila- TON, 81, 82 delphia, 110 Bartram, George Washington, bio- Arnold, General Benedict, 195 ; with graphical note, 81, 82 forces blocked up in James River, BARTRAM, GEORGIANA MARIA, Virginia, 164 82 Arskin, Jonas, 216 BARTRAM, HENRY.