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The Laundry Manual; ^y-W ^y^f?: THE Laundry Manual CONTAINING A COMPILATION OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE NATIONAL LAUNDRY JOURNAL DURING THE YEARS 1896-97 CONCERNING THE METHODS OF CONDUCTING THE BUSINESS AND MATERIAI^S USED; ADVERTISING; FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION; INSURANCE AND I,AW. PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL LAUNDRY JOURNAL a..c.;s. ^\\V^ ^ 7^\ HOryj Entered at the Office of the I,ibrarian of Congress, Charles Dowst, Chicago. o" - r5 INTRODUCTORY. In presenting this work, we feel that it will be well received by the laundry fraternity at large. Many and various requests have been made for indexing, classify- ing or compiling a work of this nature. We have done all three to a certain extent. Every article was very carefully selected by a practical laundryman, who devoted much time and energy to make it intelligent; selecting the most interesting and valuable articles published in the National I^aundry Jour- nal during the years of 1896 and 1897. Many articles contained herein are the product of the brightest, best and most brainy men in the business, and their individual opinions and experiences are given therein. These opinions differ naturally, being formed from experience in different localities, under vari- ous conditions as to water, soaps, etc. ; and as the best minds will differ even under exact conditions, we will not attempt to decide which is correct where differences ap- ,pear, but leave that for the reader, reminding him that in applying rules or suggestions laid down herein he should take into consideration the relation of the conditions under which he must apply them, and the conditions un- der which they were applied by the various writers. ADVANCEMENT IN THE STEAM LAUNDRY. ITS MEN, MACHINERY AND METHODS. It is a fact that something may be learned in almost every laundry one may chance to visit. lyaundering methods differ, so likewise do laundrymen. To day one meets the very prototype of the "jolly good fellow," whose favorite toast is Here's to those that wish us well, And those that don't may go to—Cuba. The sort of man who can draw more solid comfort out of a ten cent cigar than the president of the L,. N. A. can get out of a box of real Havanas, While snugly ensconced in his easy chair. With never a worry, never a care. To-morrow it is the man who is worrying himself to death over black specks or yellow edges, and having trouble all the time, most of it home-made; who lacking in practical knowledge himself, fails to take advantage of the sources of information open to, him as to all, through the medium of the trade journal. The laundry proprietor, manager, foreman, orforelady, who does not peruse their trade paper is surely failing in his or her duty, not only towards themselves, but towards their patrons or employers, as the case may be. Many a successful business man in the various avoca- tions of life owes his success to hints received and in- formation obtained through the medium of his trade papers. In making a round of the laundries, one who has seen the rapid rise and progress of the trade during the last fifteen or twenty years, cannot help but notice the remark- able improvement in the machinery, and the same may be said in regard to the materials used in the various pro- cesses. Let any laundryman take up a back number of his trade journal, compare its pages with those of the present issue and note the difference. On the pages of the latter will be found cuts and descriptions of much im- 6 LAUNDRY BUSINESS OF THE PRESENT. proved machinery, with the latest de-^ices and attach- ments for perfecting the work. New starches, soaps, bleaches and blues, all better, probably cheaper, certainly more economical in use than anything that was to be had only a few years ago. While looking through a large laundry in an eastern city the other day my attention was attracted to three bosom ironing machines, standing side by side, of which only one was in use, for only one was required. From ten to twelve hundred bosoms were being ironed per day by one operator on one machine. What more conclusive proof of improvement could be desired? It was a case of late, later, latest, or rather good, better, best, and not only was it an improved machine as regards increased output, but the quality of the work was as manifestly superior to that of the old machines as the quantity was greater. A few years ago one hardly ever saw a shirt dampening machine in a laundry doing less than 2,500 shirts a week. Now they are common and may be seen in all well man- aged laundries of whatever capacity. The shirt press, too, that old screw affair, that either pressed them too much, or didn't press them enough, is now only a mem- ory of the past. The modern shirt dampening machine, that saves all the trouble of wringing out, and dampens to perfection, and the shirt press that only requires the turn of a valve to get a uniform pressure all through and all the time, have taken their places. The old style mangles, which necessitated the drying of the goods before mangling, or the waste of valuable time in putting them through over and over again until dry, are not now considered worth the room they take up and are rapidly disappearing, being replaced by the later in- ventions in the same line which will take the goods as they come from the extractor, be it a handkerchief or bedspread, finish it like new and as dry as a bone if run once through. The old dry room, too, is under condemnation. It is going, going, going, and will soon be gone. Laundry- men who know their business are satisfied that two hours to dry a shirt is just one hour and thirty minutes too long. American ingenuity, which is well represented among our laundry machinery manufacturers, has solved the IvAUNDRY BUSINESS OF THE PRESENT. 7 problem of quick dr5dng, and a dryroom that will not thor- oughly dry a batch of shirts, collars or other articles in- side of half an hour is considered out of date. So exactly can the currents and ventilation be regulated in these im- proved dryrooms that when a dry lot is taken down and replaced by wet goods the variations in the thermometer with which these closets are fitted is hardly perceptible. Sixty pounds of steam pressure, showing 270° F. or there- abouts, on the glass, are dryrooms that not only save time and money, but by drying quickly, much better results are obtainable in color; long exposure to moist heat having a tendency to yellow cotton and linen material. The improvements in laundry machinery within the last few years has been remarkable, and the same may be said in regard to supplies. Thin boiling starch is now used in most laundries in preference to the ordinary thick boiling variety, and the manufacture of corn starch has been so perfected that the very highest grade of work in any finish can now be got with pure refined corn starch, this article being shipped into Troy, that city so famous in song and story for good laundry work; and used by the shirt and collar fac- tories in great quantities. There are those who hold that a proportion of wheat or rice starch improves the quality of the work and lessens the propensity of the fiber to crack or break when treated with it; but as so many laundries are obtaining the desired results with corn starch alone, the merit of this article may not be as well understood as it might be. As the method of preparing the starch has much to do with the results obtained, a few hints as to the prepara- tion of liquid starch may prove useful. However, as there are about as many formulas for making liquid starch as there are laundries, about every other laundryman having an infallible prescription of his own, time will not permit going into the subject more fully at present. Else- where a few of the formulas referred to will be given, with the pros and cons of the formulators, for starch hav- ing a good deal to do with the wear and tear of the goods, is always an interesting theme for discussion among laun- drymen, and an exchange of ideas is, under all circum- stances, a source of useful information. LAUNDRY BUSINESS. "THE ENORMOUS AMOUNT/' FIGURKS ON THE EXTENT OF THE LAUNDRY TRADE. The great volume of business done by the laundry trade is a revelation to the average layman. Taking the very conservative estimate that there are 5,000 steam laundries in the United States doing an average of $200 worth of work each week, this would mean $1,000,000 spent by the general public each week in laundry work, or $52,000,000 a year. This of itself shows what an important industry the laundry tratie is. But to keep the laundries supplied with the various materials and machinery necessary to turn out such an amount of work, also means that there must be very many business houses engaged in furnishing this material and machinery. Taking Chicago as an example, and it is the only place for which the writer at this time can give fig- ures, it is found that there are five firms that manufacture laundry blue; five that make laundry wagons; seven that make starch; eleven that deal in general supplies; nine- teen that make and deal in laundry machinery, and innumerable soap manufacturers.
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