DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of 14 Butterfly Bush Taxa Grown in Western and Southern Florida: II. Seed Production and Germination

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of 14 Butterfly Bush Taxa Grown in Western and Southern Florida: II. Seed Production and Germination VARIETY TRIALS Evaluation of 14 Butterfl y Bush Taxa Grown in Western and Southern Florida: II. Seed Production and Germination Sandra B. Wilson1, 3, Mack Thetford2, Laurie K. Mecca1, Josiah S. Raymer2, and Judith A. Gersony1 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. exotic plants, invasive, ornamentals, but- terfl y bush, Buddleja davidii, Buddleja japonica, Buddleja lindleyana, Buddleja ×weyeriana SUMMARY. Because of its weedy nature, extensive use in the landscape, numer- ous cultivars, and history as an inva- sive plant in other countries, butterfl y bush (Buddleja) was an appropriate candidate to evaluate for seed pro- duction and germination in Florida. Seed production was quantifi ed for 14 butterfl y bush taxa planted in western Florida (Milton) and central southern Florida (Fort Pierce). Each of the 14 taxa evaluated produced seed. In Fort Pierce, japanese butterfl y bush (B. japonica) had the greatest capsule weight and ‘Gloster’ butterfl y bush (B. lindleyana) had the second greatest capsule weight as compared to other taxa. In Milton, ‘Gloster’ had the greatest capsule weight and japanese butterfl y bush and ‘Nanho Alba’ butterfl y bush (B. davidii var. This project was funded by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the University of Florida–IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group. Authors gratefully thank Patricia Frey for technical support. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station journal series R-10029. 1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945. 2University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Horticulture, West Florida Research and Education Center, Milton, FL 32583. 3To whom reprint requests should be addressed; e-mail: [email protected]fl .edu 612 ● October–December 2004 14(4) Oct2004HT.indb 612 9/15/04 12:32:07 PM nanhoensis) had the second greatest functionality, it is not appropriate to is becoming increasingly problematic capsule weights as compared to other label a wild type species as invasive (Staples et al., 2000). Having evaluated taxa. The shape and number of seed without evaluation of cultivars. Wilson 50 butterfl y bush taxa for seed produc- capsules per infructescence varied and Mecca (2003) evaluated eight tion and germination at Longwood with cultivar. Seeds were cleaned and cultivars and the wild type form of Gardens (Kennett Square, Pa.), Anísko germinated in germination boxes with and without light at 20/10, 25/15, mexican petunia (Ruellia tweediana), and Im (2001) recommended nursery 30/20 and 35/25 °C (68.0/50.0, a FLEPPC Category I invasive, and professionals to consider species other 77.0/59.0, 86.0/68.0 and 95.0/77.0 found that seed production, germi- than B. davidii. In Florida, there are no °F). Regardless of temperature or nation, and relative growth rate were vouchered specimens that document cultivar, light was required for germi- highly variable among cultivars. the escape of B. davidii into natural nation. At each temperature, ‘Nanho While it is important to evaluate areas (Wunderlin and Hansen, 2003), Blue’ butterfl y bush (B. davidii var. species that are considered invasive in although it is commonly utilized in nanhoensis) and ‘Moonlight’ butterfl y a given state, it is also important to landscapes of the northern and central bush (B. ×weyeriana) had highest ger- evaluate species that show potential part of the state. A related species, mination rates (63-74%) as compared to become invasive. Williamson and lindley’s butterfl y bush (B. lindleyana) to other taxa. Fitter (1996) suggest that the prob- has escaped cultivation in two counties ability of an established or naturalized in Florida (Wunderlin and Hansen, species becoming a pest is one in ten. 2003) as well as eight other states lorida is the second largest pro- In a survey of 235 invasive and 114 (USDA, 2003). The current study ducer of ornamental plants in non-invasive, woody non-indigenous was conducted to determine how 14 Fthe U.S. with estimated $9.908 species in North America, Reichard and butterfl y bush taxa perform in western billion total industry sales during 2000 Hamilton (1997) found that 54% of the and southern Florida with relation to (Hodges and Haydu, 2002). While successful invaders were also invasive seed production, seed germination, most intentionally introduced species in other places. History of prior inva- and seed viability. remain in their cultivated settings, some sive habit in combination with other escape cultivation and invade natural invasive traits can be used as warning Materials and methods areas. An invasive plant is defi ned as signals for the threat of potential invad- PLANT MATERIAL AND SITE CONDI- a non-indigenous species that has ers. Some of the similar properties that TIONS. Selection of butterfl y bush taxa the ability to establish self-sustaining, constitute a great landscape plant (i.e., (Table 1) was based on availability, expanding populations and may cause long fl owering period, adaptability to popularity, and performance in the economic and/or environmental harm a range of environmental conditions, landscape. Specifi c botanical descrip- (National Invasive Species Council, ease of propagation, and high vigor) tions and experimental conditions 2001; Vitousek et al., 1995). Of the often predispose it as a potentially were previously reported (Wilson 124 plant species listed as invasive by invasive plant in certain geographical et al., 2004). Briefl y, each cultivar the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council locations. was clonally propagated, transferred (FLEPPC), 67% were introduced as Butterfl y bush is a widely culti- to 3.8-L (1 gal) pots, and fertilized ornamentals (FLEPPC, 2003). The vated, extremely popular, fl owering with 15N–3.9P–10K Osmocote Plus Tampa Bay Wholesale Growers, Florida shrub with attractive foliage and a range (Scotts Co., Marysville, Ohio) prior Nurserymen and Growers Association, of fl ower colors. Wilson et al. (2004) to planting. The experiment was con- and American Nursery and Landscape assessed landscape performance of 14 ducted at Fort Pierce (USDA Zone 9B) Association Boards of Directors were butterfl y bush taxa planted in western and Milton (USDA Zone 8B) where among the fi rst in the nation to adopt and southern Florida and found visual nine uniform plants of each cultivar voluntary codes of conduct (invasive quality and fl owering to vary by month, were planted (4 June 2002) 2.4 m (8 plant best management practices) for cultivar and location. Several cultivars ft) on center on raised beds covered the nursery industry (Baskin, 2002; maintained high visual quality and fl ow- with polyethylene mulch. Plants were Missouri Botanical Garden, 2001). The ering throughout the study. However, watered by seep (Fort Pierce) or drip codes of conduct involve adoption of before recommending specifi c cultivars (Milton) irrigation as needed. risk assessment methods that consider for the Florida landscape or before DATA COLLECTION. Plants were plant characteristics and prior obser- selecting specifi c cultivars for breeding harvested after 25 weeks by severing the vations or experience with the plant programs, additional studies are war- primary shoots at crown level (base of elsewhere in the world. This requires ranted since the species Buddleja davi- the soil). Infructescences were isolated nursery professionals to work with dii has escaped from gardens in other from the shoots. Seed capsules were regional experts to determine which parts of the world and is considered separated from panicle infl orescences species in a given region are either a serious weed in New Zealand (Kay and weighed. Capsule to fl ower ra- currently invasive or may become in- and Smale, 1990), Australia (Csurhes tios were calculated by dividing total vasive. Prolifi c seed production, short and Edwards, 1998) and Great Britain capsule weight by total fl ower weight. juvenile periods, and aggressive growth (Crawley, 1987). In the U.S., it has To estimate total seed production per rates are several of a suite of traits that escaped cultivation in 19 states and plant, 10 representative capsules of each invasive plants characteristically may Puerto Rico [U.S. Department of cultivar were selected, from which seeds share (Reichard, 1997; Rejmánek and Agriculture (USDA), 2003) and can were isolated and counted. Richardson, 1996). Still, since many be found commonly along roadsides, SEED GERMINATION AND VI- ornamental species are hybridized and streamsides and other disturbed areas of ABILITY. Germination studies were selected for an array of color, form and its growing range. In Hawaii, B. davidii conducted on seed collected from 14 ● October–December 2004 14(4) 613 OOct2004HT.indbct2004HT.indb 661313 99/15/04/15/04 112:32:072:32:07 PPMM VARIETY TRIALS Table 1. Fruit and seed morphology and seed quantity of 14 butterfl y bush taxa evaluated after 25 weeks in western Florida (Milton) and southern Florida (Fort Pierce). Avg no. Avg approx seeds per no. of seeds Common Fruit and seed capsuley per plant name Species Cultivar morphologyz (n = 10) (1000x)x Pink delight Buddleja Pink Delight Seed capsules elliptical, elongated with 18.4 144–555 butterfl y bush davidii pointed ends; light to medium brown in color; 5.5 mm long × 1.4 mm wide. Seeds rounded inside winged sheath, very fi ne. White profusion B. davidii White Profusion Seed capsules slender with pointed ends; 51.5 282–1094 butterfl y bush reddish medium brown in color; 8.4 mm long × 1.3 mm wide. Seeds rounded inside winged sheath, fi ne. Black knight B. davidii Black Knight Seed capsules slender with pointed ends; dark 41.6 281–973 butterfl y bush brown in color; 5.6 mm long × 1.2 mm wide. Seeds rounded inside winged sheath, very fi ne. Nanho white B. davidii var. Nanho Alba Seed capsules slender with pointed ends; 39.5 236–2116 butterfl y bush nanhoensis brown in color; 8.0 mm long × 1.1 mm wide.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Butterfly Bush Buddleja Davidii Franch
    Weed of the Week Butterfly Bush Buddleja davidii Franch. Common Names: butterfly bush, orange-eye butterfly bush, summer lilac Native Origin: China Description: A perennial woody shrub with a weeping form that can grow 3-12 feet in height and has a spread of 4-15 feet. Opposite, lance-shaped leaves (6- 10 inches) with margins finely toothed grow on long arching stems. Leaves are gray-green above with lower surface white-tomentose. Small fragrant flowers are borne in long, erect or nodding spikes that are 8-18 inch with cone-shaped clusters that droop in a profusion of color. The flower clusters can be so profuse that they cause the branches to arch even more. Flower colors may be purple, white, pink, or red, and they usually have an orange throat in the center. It spreads by seeds that are produced in abundance and dispersed by the wind. Habitat: Butterfly bush likes well drained, average soil. They thrive in fairly dry conditions once established. Roots may perish in wet soil. Distribution: In the United States, it is recorded in states shaded on the map. Ecological Impacts: It has been planted in landscapes to attract butterflies, bees, moths and birds. It can escape from plantings and become invasive in a variety of habitats such as surface mined lands, coastal forest edges, roadsides, abandoned railroads, rural dumps, stream and river banks to displace native plants. Control and Management: • Manual- Hand pick seedlings or dig out where possible. Big plants may be difficult to dig out. • Chemical- Cut plants and treat stumps with any of several readily available general use herbicides such as triclopyr or glyphosate .
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Bush Memo
    To: The City of Somerville, Public Space and Urban Forestry, DPW, Buildings and Grounds Cc: Somerville City Council, John Long, Peter Forcellese, Mayor Curtatone From: Urban Forestry Committee Subject: Butterfly bushes on Prospect Hill and discontinuing their use in plantings We, the Urban Forestry Committee, request that butterfly bush or any of its less invasive varieties (i.e., Buddleja spp., the entire Buddleja genus) not be planted in any of Somerville’s parks, open spaces, civic spaces etc. and that the newly planted butterfly bushes in Prospect Hill be removed. If they cannot be removed before spring, they should be cut back so that seeds do not sow and germinate. Here is the reasoning for our request. Butterfly Bush, Buddleja davidii, is a woody plant from Asia that was brought over because of its beauty and ability to attract butterflies. Because butterflies feast on it, most gardeners believe that it is a helpful plant to have. After all, how could a plant that butterflies seem to love be bad? Butterfly bushes are not inherently bad, no plant is, they are just misplaced. We are in a 6th mass extinction. Our local birds, wildlife, and pollinator populations are in steep decline. Our Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) whose caterpillars feed baby birds are particularly suffering. In order to increase their numbers we need to plant those plants that, in addition to feeding them, will host them so they can reproduce. Butterfly bush may feed a butterfly, but it will never serve to increase their numbers. This would not be a huge problem save for the invasiveness and pervasiveness of these plantsa,b.
    [Show full text]
  • The Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the Biological Control of Buddleja Davidii
    The disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the biological control of Buddleja davidii M.K. Kay,1 B. Gresham,1 R.L. Hill2 and X. Zhang3 Summary The woody shrub buddleia, Buddleja davidii Franchet, is an escalating weed problem for a number of resource managers in temperate regions. The plant’s taxonomic isolation within the Buddlejaceae was seen as beneficial for its biological control in both Europe and New Zealand. However, the re- cent revision of the Scrophulariaceae has returned Buddleja L. to the Scrophulariaceae sensu stricto. Although this proved of little consequence to the New Zealand situation, it may well compromise Eu- ropean biocontrol considerations. Host-specificity tests concluded that the biocontrol agent, Cleopus japonicus Wingelmüller (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), was safe to release in New Zealand. This leaf- feeding weevil proved capable of utilising a few non-target plants within the same clade as Buddleja but exhibited increased mortality and development times. The recent release of the weevil in New Zealand offers an opportunity to safely assess the risk of this agent to European species belonging to the Scrophulariaceae. Keywords: Cleopus, Buddleja, taxonomic revision, phylogeny. Introduction there is no significant soil seed bank. The seed germi- nates almost immediately, and the density and rapid There are approximately 90 species of Buddleja L. early growth of buddleia seedlings suppresses other indigenous to the Americas, Asia and Africa (Leeu- pioneer species (Smale, 1990). wenberg, 1979), and a number have become natural- As a naturalized species, buddleia is a shade-intolerant ized outside their native ranges (Holm et al., 1979). colonizer of urban wastelands, riparian margins and Buddleia, Buddleja davidii Franchet, in particular, is an other disturbed sites, where it may displace indigenous escalating problem for resource managers in temperate species, alter nutrient dynamics and impede access regions and has been identified as a target for classi- (Smale, 1990; Bellingham et al., 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Production and Invasion of Butterfly Bush (Buddleja Davidii) in Oregon
    Production and Invasion of Butterfly Bush (Buddleja davidii) in Oregon by Julie Ream A PROJECT submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College and Bioresource Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Bioresource Research, Sustainable Ecosystems (Honors Scholar) Presented May 31, 2006 Commencement June 2006 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Julie Ream for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Bioresource Research, Sustainable Ecosystems presented on May 31, 2006. Title: Production and Invasion of Butterfly Bush (Buddleja davidii) in Oregon. Abstract approved: ________________________________________________ James Altland ________________________________________________ Mark Wilson Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), an ornamental native to China, is an invasive species in Oregon and many other areas. In Oregon, butterfly bush invades disturbed areas, particularly riparian areas. The Oregon nursery industry has the highest farm-gate value of all agricultural commodities and butterfly bush is a significant plant to them. However, the nursery industry does not appear to be a major source of invasion because of their pruning production practices. Butterfly bush is a unique plant because it does not release its seed until mid to late winter. The dispersal mechanisms of butterfly bush are not well documented, but wind is one possibility. Formulations of glyphosate effectively control butterfly bushes up to two years old. Both spraying a dilute herbicide on the
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species Categorization for the Lower Hudson
    Invasive Species Categorization for the Lower Hudson The following document presents the species categorizations for invasive plants in the Lower Hudson region of the Lower Hudson Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management. The Lower Hudson region encompasses New York county (Manhattan), Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, Rockland, Orange and the lower half of Ulster (divided by Route 206). Species are categorized into Tiers according to a standard state-wide system. New York State ranking evaluations are given for species where they exist. NYS Ranks with an asterisk (*) indicate updated ranks as of 12/22/16. This list should not be considered complete. Additional species will be evaluated and categorized as time allows. Currently the list primarily includes terrestrial plants, however it is the intention to include other groups and taxa over time. Our categorization decisions have been based on currently known and recorded distributions as well as local expert knowledge of invasive species occurrences. Most species’ distributions are incompletely reported -- everyone can help to provide a better picture of the current distributions by reporting observations to the New York State invasive species database, iMapInvasives (http://imapinvasives.org ). If you disagree with the assigned category or would like us to consider species which are not addressed here, you may send a note explaining your reasoning to [email protected] to be considered by the Lower Hudson PRISM focal species working group prior to the 2018 season. The current members of the Lower Hudson PRISM focal species working group include: Linda Rohleder, Daniel Atha, David Decker, Tait Johansson, Tom Lewis, and Chris Mangels.
    [Show full text]
  • Demonstration Garden Plant List
    Alameda County Master Gardeners Plant List Earth Friendly (made easy) Demonstration Garden OPAC- Plant is on the MG Outstanding SD-No summer water Location Key Plants for Alameda County or More required beyond what is FS-All day minimum 8 H-Butterfly Garden - NE corner of Garden Outstaning Plants Brochure naturally available hours of sun M- Berms/Mound gardens (South) UCD All Star- Plant is on UC Davis Low-Some summer PS-filtered light or 4-5 Season R-Rock Garden - ( Center East) Arboretum All Stars for the CA Central water – Deep soaking hours of sun Year every 3-4 weeks ie F06 for F- Flower ( Center West) Valley S-less than 3 hours of Fall of 2006 W- Wind - ( North West) UCD Trial- Plant is part of test trials for Mod – Summer water sun O- under the Oak ( South West) the state new plant introductions. required – Deep soaking + multiple locations every week Water Req. Sun Req. BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME Loc QTY Remarks SD Ø Low Mod S FS PS S Native Planted Agave parryi Agave R 1 Ø ∆ ☼ F12 Aloe spp Aloe R/O + Various species Ø ∆ ☼ + Alstroemeria hybrids Peruvian Lily F/R 6 OPAC “ ∆ S ☼ + Amaryllis belladonna Naked Lady/Surprise Lily F/M/O + Ø ∆ ☼ Aquilegia eximia Serpentine Columbine F/W + UCD AllStar, UCD Trial ∆ S CA Native Sp07 Arbutus unedo 'Marina' Strawberry Tree H/W 2 OPAC2 “ Ø ∆ ☼ F06 Arctostaphylos densiflora 'Howard McMinn' Vine Hill Manzanita M 3 OPAC UCD AllStar Ø ∆ ☼ CA Native F11 Arctostaphylos 'Emerald Carpet' Emerald Carpet Manzanita O 3 OPAC “ Ø ∆ ☼ CA Native W08 Arctostaphylos spp.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Kansas Invasive Plant Species List
    KANSAS Invasive Plant Species List – 2017 Regional Condition 2 Plants – 466 Species Common Name Scientific Name # of Counties absinth wormwood Artemisia absinthium 1 African mustard Strigosella africana 1 alfalfa Medicago sativa 105 alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides 1 alsike clover Trifolium hybridum 18 American burnweed Erechtites hieraciifolius 42 Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii 14 annual bluegrass Poa annua 45 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus 10 annual wormwood Artemisia annua 4 apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes 3 Asiatic dayflower Commelina communis 20 autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata 3 babysbreath Gypsophila paniculata 1 bald brome Bromus racemosus 29 balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum 9 balsamapple Momordica charantia 1 barley Hordeum vulgare 1 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli 90 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 78 biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis 13 big chickweed Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare 34 bigpod sesbania Sesbania herbacea 4 bigroot morning-glory Ipomoea pandurata 30 birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus 10 birdsrape mustard Brassica rapa 26 bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara 1 bittersweets Celastrus spp. 62 Black dog-strangling vine, black swallowwort Vincetoxicum nigrum 4 black medic Medicago lupulina 98 black mustard Brassica nigra 37 bladder campion Silene latifolia ssp. alba 4 bladder campion Silene vulgaris 3 bladder senna Colutea arborescens 1 blue lettuce Lactuca tatarica 31 blue mustard Chorispora tenella 55 border privet Ligustrum obtusifolium 4 bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis 50 Brazilian
    [Show full text]
  • Cleopus Japonicus: Releases and Distribution of the Buddleia Biological Control Agent in New Zealand
    Weed control 155 Cleopus japonicus: releases and distribution of the buddleia biological control agent in New Zealand M.C. Watson, T.M. Withers and M. Heaphy Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus, was released in New Zealand by Scion in 2006 as a biological control agent for the weed Buddleja davidii. One thousand C. japonicus adults were released at each of five commercial forest sites in the North Island. A further 33 releases of approximately 14,910 C. japonicus were made between 2006 and 2011 in the North and South Islands, on both privately- and publically-owned land and sites of conservation importance. The weevil is known to have established at all sites, with the possible exception of one release made in 2007. Location data of C. japonicus provided by local and regional councils, DOC, forest health officers and others have provided information on the spread of C. japonicus. These data show C. japonicus has spread over 50 km from some release sites and is rapidly increasing in population density and distribution. Keywords buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus, Buddleja davidii, dispersal, distribution maps. INTRODUCTION The buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus during the establishment phase of plantation Wingelmüller was first released in New Zealand forests. as a biological control agent for the weed Cleopus japonicus is native to central China. buddleia (Buddleja davidii Franchet) in October The larvae and adults feed on the surface of 2006 (Gresham et al. 2009). Buddleja davidii is buddleia leaves and cause heavily damaged leaves an invasive weed in exotic and indigenous forests to drop (Zhang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Bush)
    Bot. Rev. DOI 10.1007/s12229-009-9033-0 The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush) Nita G. Tallent-Halsell1,2,4 & Michael S. Watt3 1 Landscape Ecology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, 944 E. Harmon Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA 2 University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 3 Scion, P.O. Box 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand 4 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] # The New York Botanical Garden 2009 Abstract Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym. Buddleia davidii; common name butterfly bush) is a perennial, semi-deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub that is resident in gardens and disturbed areas. Since its introduction to the United Kingdom from China in the late 1800s, B. davidii has become an important component in horticulture and human culture. Despite its popularity as a landscape plant, B. davidii is considered problematic because of its ability to naturalize outside of gardens and rapidly invade and dominate disturbed natural areas across a wide range of physical conditions. The primary goal of this paper is to synthesize what is known about B. davidii in order to understand the impacts caused by the continued presence of B. davidii in gardens and natural landscapes. We also address management of B. davidii and discuss the repercussions of management strategies and policies currently implemented to protect or remove B. davidii from natural ecosystems. Zusammenfassung Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym Buddleia davidii, umgang- sprachlich “Schmetterlingsflieder”) ist ein ausdauernder, halb-immergruener, mehr- staemmiger Busch welcher in Gaerten und auf Umbruchflaechen gedeiht. Seit seiner Einfuehrung in die UK aus China im spaeten 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Bush), on Plant Succession on New Zealand Floodplains
    UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 Impacts of an invasive shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush), on plant succession on New Zealand floodplains Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Tallent-Halsell, Nita Gay, "Impacts of an invasive shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush), on plant succession on New Zealand floodplains" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/r7df-d6qp This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPACTS OF AN INVASIVE SHRUB, BUDDLEJA DAVIDIl (BUTTERFLY BUSH), ON PLANT SUCCESSION ON NEW ZEALAND FLOODPLAINS by Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell Bachelor of Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1989 Masters of Arts in Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1998 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Sciences Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2008 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Intersectional Buddleja Hybrid
    CULTIVAR AND GERMPLASM RELEASES HORTSCIENCE 39(3):642–643. 2004. tetraploid Buddleja species native to Africa (Keenan, 1969). The other cultivated member of the section Nicodemia, B. madagascarensis, A Novel Intersectional Buddleja is a diploid (2n = 38) (Moore, 1947). Hybrid Materials and Methods 1 Jon T. Lindstrom, Gregory T. Bujarski, and Brent M. Burkett Plant material. Plants of B. indica were Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, 316 Plant Sciences obtained in October 2000 from Black Pines Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701 Bonsai Nursery, Baltimore, Md. This particular genotype produces a four to seven-flowered Additional index words. Buddleja indica, Buddleja davidii, interspecific hybridization, cyme of greenish-yellow flowers from the axil butterfly bush, Loganiaceae of the leaf. Buddleja davidii ‘White Bouquet’ was obtained in October 1999 from Forestfarm, Abstract. Buddleja indica Lam. is encountered frequently as a houseplant or a conserva- Williams, Ore. Both parents were maintained tory specimen and is attractive ornamentally for its oak-shaped foliage. Buddleja indica, under greenhouse conditions. Controlled a tetraploid African species, 2n = 76, was crossed to the Asiatic tetraploid species B. crosses between the two species were made davidii Franch. The F generation was intermediate in foliage character between the two 1 in early fall (October 2000) with B. indica as parents. Flowers of the F were either white or light lavender in color and the number 1 the male parent. One day before anthesis, the of flowers per inflorescence was intermediate between the parents. The F plants were 1 corolla and stamens were removed from B. fertile. These hybrids might be suitable for greenhouse or container culture due to their attractive foliage and floral display.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Bush Debate Butterfly Gardener Magazine Is a Publication of North American Butterfly Association (NABA)
    Butterfly Gardener Volume 17, Issue 2 Summer 2012 The Great Butterfly Bush Debate Butterfly Gardener magazine is a publication of North American Butterfly Association (NABA). Members editor's notes of NABA receive both Butterfly Gardener and American Butterflies magazines. To become a member of NABA, please see page 12 of this issue of Butterfly Gardener or visit www.naba.org The Great Butterfly Bush Debate has long been Butterfly Gardener is published In the five years since its inception, NABA’s Butterfly Garden Certification program has attracted over raging. It seems everything about this plant - Buddleja quarterly by the North American 900 people interested in increasing habitat for butterflies. Many individuals, facilities, and institutions, davidii - is debatable, from the spelling of its scientific Butterfly Association, Inc. (NABA). including schools, golf courses, nursing homes, state parks, garden clubs, and cemeteries, have certi- name (is it Buddleja as indicated on the USDA © 2012 by the North American fied their habitats through NABA. Posting a NABA butterfly garden certification sign helps to open con- website, or the more commonly used Buddleia?) Butterfly Association, Inc. All rights versations about the importance of butterfly habitat and increase public awareness about the needs of to the plant’s common name (is it Orange Eye reserved. Views of contributors do butterflies. Butterflybush, courtesy again of the USDA website, or not necessarily reflect the views of the more widely used butterfly bush?). NABA. Have you certified your butterfly garden with NABA? If so, Butterfly Gardener might be interested in highlighting your butterfly garden experience in the magazine. Submissions to the magazine should be When we move from the name of the plant to the use We want to hear from you! 1,000 words or less and be accompanied by three to five photos (of at least 1Mb file size).
    [Show full text]