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Butterfly Bush), on Plant Succession on New Zealand Floodplains

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Butterfly Bush), on Plant Succession on New Zealand Floodplains UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2008 Impacts of an invasive shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush), on plant succession on New Zealand floodplains Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Tallent-Halsell, Nita Gay, "Impacts of an invasive shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush), on plant succession on New Zealand floodplains" (2008). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/r7df-d6qp This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IMPACTS OF AN INVASIVE SHRUB, BUDDLEJA DAVIDIl (BUTTERFLY BUSH), ON PLANT SUCCESSION ON NEW ZEALAND FLOODPLAINS by Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell Bachelor of Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1989 Masters of Arts in Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1998 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biological Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Sciences Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2008 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3319144 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3319144 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PC Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dissertation Approval The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas April 2 08 - , 20_ The Dissertation prepared by Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell Entitled Impact of an Invasive Shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush), on Plant Succession on New Zealand Floodplains is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences Examination Committee Chair ? Dean of the Graduate College Examination Committee Member A A'A/-2^ Examination Committee Member Examination Committee Member ^ • —A — ------------------ Graduate C ollie Faculty Representative 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The Impact of an Invasive Shrub, Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) on Plant Succession on New Zealand Floodplains by Nita Gay Tallent-Halsell Dr. Lawrence R. Walker Committee Chair Professor of Plant Ecology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Plant successional trajectories are driven in part hy the interactions among the biotic and abiotic components of a plant community such that introduction of an invasive species may impact the recruitment of native species. Buddleja davidii Franchet (Family Buddlejaceae) is an ornamental shrub, native to China, able to rapidly colonize and dominate disturbed areas around the world. This study details the impact B. davidii has on several New Zealand floodplain communities and the recruitment, growth and survival of a native species, Griselinia littoralis, in natural settings and under controlled conditions in plots and treatments representative of a multi-stage (i.e., open, young, vigorous and mature) developmental chronosequence (i.e., time since disturbance by flooding). Although B. davidii was abundant on the floodplains studied from the open to vigorous stages, it was rarely present as a mature plant. Soil phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations increased along a developmental gradient which suggested that B. davidii iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. augmented soil nutrients over time. Growth of G. littoralis transplants under a B. davidii canopy remained unchanged from the time they were initially planted in the open and young stages yet nearly doubled in height in the vigorous stage suggests that B. davidii may enhance the growth of G. littoralis transplants. The growth of the G. littoralis transplants under the B. davidii canopy may have been facilitated by increased soil moisture and nutrients. G. littoralis seedlings established naturally beneath the B. davidii canopy, yet did not establish in the open or young stages. It appeared that B. davidii did not inhibit G. littoralis establishment. B. davidii was not able to survive under the relative darkness of a simulated vigorous developmental stage. Growth of G. littoralis cuttings was suppressed by B. davidii in the open and young developmental stages yet G. littoralis mortality was not negatively impacted by B. davidii. Although B. davidii initially dominated the floodplain plant community, its influence may be temporary because it cannot tolerate the closed canopy community of the later stages of succession on New Zealand floodplains. Native species, able to tolerate a broader range of conditions dominated the later stages of succession. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................. x CHAPTER 1 mTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 Plant Succession ............................................................................... 1 Biological Invasions ............................................................................................ 4 Buddleja davidii .......................................................................................................................8 New Zealand............................... 10 Griselinia littoralis .................................... 12 Floodplains ...........................................................................................................................14 The Impact of Invasive Species on Plant Successional Dynamics ................................17 CHAPTER 2 THE INVASIVE BUDDLEJA DA VIDII (BUTTERFLY BUSH) 21 Abstract................... 21 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 22 Literature Review .................................... 24 Conclusion ................................................................................ 60 CHAPTER 3 SUCCESSION ON NEW ZEALAND FLOODPLAINS DOMINATED BY AN INVASIVE SHRUB, BUDDLEJA DAVIDII...........................................................70 Abstract...................................................................................................................................70 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 71 Methods and Statistical Analysis ........................................................................................76 Results..................................................................................................................................... 84 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................93 CHAPTER 4 THE INFLUENCE OF AN INVASIVE SHRUB, BUDDEJA DA VIDII ON A NATIVE SHRUB, GRISELINIA LITTORALIS TRANSPLANTED INTO A NEW ZEALAND FLOODPLAIN CHONOSEQUENCE.................................... 122 Abstract................................................................................................................................. 122 Introduction .......................................... 123 Methods and Statistical Analysis ...................................................................................... 126 Results................................................................................................................................... 129 Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 131 V Reproduced
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