TRANSFORMING ALLIED MARITIME POTENTIAL INTO REALITY Disclaimer: The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Second Fleet, CJOS COE, NATO or any other government agency. This product is not a doctrinal publication and is not staffed but is the perception of those individuals involved in military exercises, activities and real-world events. The intent is to share knowledge, support discussion and impart information in an expeditious manner. 2 WWW.CJOSCOE.ORG Message from the Director Russia & Black Sea 4 VADM Andrew Lewis 41 LCDR Hatice Gomengil, TUR N Publisher’s Note Message from the Deputy NATO 360: West Africa 6 Director 45 Dr. Dirk Siebels Cutting the Bow Wave is an Cdre Tom Guy, RN annual publication by Combined NATO’s Maritime Domain NATO & South China Sea Joint Operations from the Sea 9 VAdm Keith Blount, CB, OBE 48 CDR SG Joerg Maier, DEU N Centre of Excellence, U.S. Second Dr. James H. Bergeron CAPT Todd Bonnar, MSC, RCN Fleet, in Norfolk, Virginia. For Coordinating 4th BOA Space Based ISR publication purposes, all articles 17 Mr. Snorri Matthiasson 51 CAPT Todd Bonnar, MSC, RCN and materials submitted become Russian Undersea Research Denied C2 Environments the sole property of CJOS COE. 22 CAPT Todd Bonnar, MSC, RCN 53 WO1 Stephen Scott For copies and information, send Russian Amphibious Hypersonics & Sea Control request to: 25 Capabilities 58 CAPT Jean Yves Martin, FR Navy CDR Esquetime Marques, PRT Navy LTCOL Jos Schooneman, NLMC CJOS COE ICO Bow Wave Editor 30 Russian Bastion Defence Cyber Interoperability 7927 Ingersol St., Ste 150 CDR SG Geir Hestvik, NOR N 62 CDR Neculai Grigore, ROU Navy CAPT Todd Bonnar, MSC, RCN Norfolk, Va 23551 Iceland & SLOCs Big Data Strategy Executive Editor: 33 Mr. Olafur Olafsson 66 LCDR Jay Huls, USN Cdre Tom Guy, RN 35 NATO Diplomacy Sea Basing & VADM Darren Hawco, RCN (Ret'd) 69 Integrated Logistics Managing Editor: CDR Josh Heivly, USN CAPT Todd Bonnar, MSC, RCN Belarus & Baltics Op Ed - Sea Control 38 Miss Anna Davidson 73 Dr. Rob Huebert Disclaimer: The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Fleet Forces Command, CJOS COE, NATO, ACT or any other government agency. This product is not a doctrinal publication and is not staffed but is the perception of those individuals involved in military exercises, activities and real-world events. The intent is to share knowledge, support discussion and impart information in an expeditious manner. CVN 75 - USS Harry S Truman of US Second Fleet at anchor in Stokes Bay, Hampshire UK PB CUTTING THE BOW WAVE | Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Centre of Excellence | 2021 3 Cutting the Bow Wave 2021 Director’s Foreword: 2020 has seen sweeping challenges to international relations across the globe. Even to the layman, it is obvious that we are not operating in the same security environment as we were at the start of the 21st century; we now face the reality of multiple near peer competitors operating across multiple spectrums of instruments of power. The North Atlantic is a more contested and complex space, and more than ever we need to ensure alignment and cohesion within and across NATO’s maritime domains. As NATO continues to evolve to maintain its strategic advantage, there has been an evolution here too, and a subtle shift in emphasis, with the Directorship of CJOS COE being aligned with the Command of US SECOND Fleet and Joint Force Command Norfolk. While CJOS will continue providing the support to the Alliance as it always has, under the direction of its Sponsor Nations, this shift helps to better align missions and their interconnectedness. I am really excited about the positive effect this will have on improving allied maritime interoperability across the North Atlantic, while linking the really valuable forward-looking conceptual work that CJOS does with operational and tactical maritime commanders. CJOS brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise, from providing practical advice and education to support Allies working together effectively in the maritime domain now, to thinking about how we harness unmanned systems and artificial intelligence in the future maritime battle-space. With our ambitious program of work for 2021, we will continue to drive Alliance maritime warfare development, and specifically support SECOND Fleet and JFC Norfolk in their deterrence and defense missions. This alignment effort must move the yardsticks not only on interoperability but bring more effort on integration, interchangeability and resilience at a level that provides “reflexive responsiveness” to any challenge presented by our adversaries. I am committed to developing these themes through a networked approach. If you think CJOS can help you, or you can contribute to the collective mission, please get in touch. A Navy Sailor directs an F-18 Hornet fighter aircraft around the flight deck of an aircraft carrier 4 WWW.CJOSCOE.ORG CUTTING THE BOW WAVE | Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Centre of Excellence | 2021 5 Vice Admiral Andrew Lewis is a native of Los Altos, California, and a 1985 graduate of the U.S. Naval academy. He was designated a Naval Aviator in April 1987. His command tours include Carrier Strike Group 12, Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Carrier Air Wing (CVW) 3, Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 106, and Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 15. Lewis’ operational sea tours include Attack Squadron 72, 800 Naval Air Squadron, and VFA-192. Other deployed tours have been as a battle director at the Combined Air Operations Center in Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, and as the maritime operations center director at U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/U.S. 5th Fleet/Combined Maritime Forces. Ashore, Lewis served at Training Squadron 23, at Joint Warfare Analysis Center, Naval Air Forces (Atlantic), Naval Air Forces/Naval Air Forces (Pacific), and the Joint Staff. As a flag officer, Lewis has served as the deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, Plans and Strategy (OPNAV N3/N5), vice director for Operations (J3), and director of Fleet Training (N7) at Fleet Forces Command. He has flown over 100 combat missions in Operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Southern Watch, Deny Flight, Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. He has accumulated over 5,300 flight hours and 1,100 arrested landings. He was the recipient of the Naval Air Forces Pacific Pilot of the Year in 1996. Lewis assumed duties as commander, U.S. Second Fleet in August 2018 and was named Commander, Joint Forces Command Norfolk in October 2018. He became Director, Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Centre of Excellence (CJOS COE) in October 2020. His personal awards include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal (two awards), Legion of Merit (six awards), Bronze Star, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal (seven Strike Flight and four Individual with Combat “V”), Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal (three awards; two with Combat “V”), and the Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, as well as various service and campaign awards. 4 CUTTING THE BOW WAVE | Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Centre of Excellence | 2021 5 Cutting the Bow Wave 2021 Deputy Director’s Foreword: As our Director has outlined, security challenges abound, and CJOS COE is firmly focused on supporting NATO in maintaining om Guy is fortunate to have enjoyed a broad range the edge in the maritime domain. But T of rewarding operational, staff and command roles whilst our focus is on the maritime domain, ‘multi-domain’ and ‘cross-domain’ thinking ashore and afloat from the UK to the Far East. Early is coming increasingly to the force, and the commanders of appointments included a wide variety of ships, from patrol the future will be ‘domain agnostic’ as they grapple with ever craft to mine-hunters, frigates, destroyers and aircraft increasing amounts of information, sorted and delivered by carriers, ranging from fishery protection to counter- rapidly advancing technology. They will wield weapons with levels piracy and UN embargo operations as well as training of range and precision that stretch the boundaries of areas of and operating with a broad range of NATO allies. Having interest, both geographically and conceptually. Notwithstanding trained as a navigator and diving officer early on, Tom the increasing porosity of domain boundaries, as Allied Command specialised as an anti-submarine warfare officer and then Transformation (ACT) defines its warfare development priorities for the coming decades, and Allied Command Operations (ACO) a Group Warfare Officer. He then went on to command refines its deterrence strategy, CJOS COE’s work in support of HMS Shoreham, a new minehunter out of build, and then both of those is focused on those factors affecting operations over, HMS Northumberland, fresh out of refit as one of the most on, under and from the sea. advanced anti-submarine warfare frigates in the world. His As SACEUR, General Tod Wolters, notes in his time as Chief of Staff to the UK’s Commander Amphibious foreword to John Andreas Olsen’s excellent ‘Future NATO’ Task Group included the formation of the Response Force Whitehall Paper, NATO needs to be challenged, conceptually Task Group and its deployment on Op ELLAMY (Libya) in and intellectually: “We must replace old ideas with new 2011 and he later had the great privilege of serving as the thinking.” You will see in this edition some of our new thinking on the implications of developments in hypersonics, big data Captain Surface Ships (Devonport Flotilla).