TEACHER’S GUIDE THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS THE HISTORY

Egypt Beyond The Pyramids The mystifying world of ancient Egypt comes to life in this four-part miniseries, Egypt Beyond the EGYPT BEYOND THE BEYOND EGYPT PYRAMIDS Pyramids. Within the walls of recently excavated temples and tombs lie secrets that will challenge current ideas about ancient Egypt. Discoveries—from the enormous burial tomb called KV5 to the sacred temples of Karnak—show how ancient Egyptians lived, worked, worshipped, and honored their dead. To provide a deeper understanding of Egypt’s past, head archaeologist Dr. Kent Weeks, along with other Egyptologists, leads viewers into ancient temples and tombs—including the resting place of Pharaoh Ramesses II’s lost children—some recorded on film for the first time. Epic in scope, Egypt Beyond the Pyramids demonstrates that as archaeologists uncover more about the past, their discoveries yield more questions than answers.

Curriculum Links Egypt Beyond the Pyramids is appropriate for middle and high school classes in world history, ancient history, and art history.

National History Standards Egypt Beyond the Pyramids fulfills the following National Standards for History: Historical Thinking PAGE 1 (Chronological Thinking), 2 (Historical Comprehension), 3 (Historical Analysis and Interpretation), 1 4 (Historical Research Capabilities), World History, Era 2. PAGE 2 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT the godstoaplaceofworshipdedicatedlivingpharaoh. ideology. Theywillbeabletoidentifyanddescribetheshiftintemplefunction,fromdwellingplaceof Students willbeabletoexplaintherelationshipbetweenreligionandstatewithinEgyptianreligious Objectives and governmentinancientEgypt. Mansions oftheSpirits from honoringancientEgyptiandeities,tocelebratingthelivingpharaoh. Ramesseum andthetempleofHatshepsut,asignificantshiftinfunctionEgyptiantemplestookplace, were routinelyfedandclothedintheirsanctuariesofworship.Withtheconstructiontemplessuchas Kingdom templesoriginallyfunctionedasthedwellingplacesofancientEgyptiangods.gods the cultofOsiris;andcolossalmortuarytemplesQueenHatshepsutRamesseum.TheNew temple ofKarnak,hometotheEgyptiangodAmun;wonderfullypreservedSetiI,dedicated Egypt BeyondthePyramids:MansionsofSpirits .WhobuilttheancientEgyptian temples?How 5. Dr. Van Siclenclaimsthat“archaeologistshate to 4. Fifteenobelisks wereplacedinsidethegreat 3. AncientEgyptians builttempleswithtwo 2. Itisdifficult to unravelthepastfrom 1. HOUR 1 CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS THINKING CRITICAL the New Kingdom? temples differ fromthemonumentaltemples of were theybuilt? HowdidtheearliestEgyptian the currentantiquitiestrade becurbed? of Dr. Van Siclen’s statement?Inwhatwayscan more hiddentreasures.What aretheimplications excavations byencouraging looterstosearchfor gold hasdisruptedanumberofarchaeological tells usanything.”Thepublic’s fascination with find goldbecauseit’s onlyaproblemand it never returned totheirnativecountries? cultural treasuressuchasEgyptianobelisksbe Paris. WhywasitremovedfromLuxor?Should temple ofLuxor, forinstance,nowresidesin obelisk thatoncestoodattheentranceto during thenineteenthcentury. Themagnificent Many ancientobeliskswereremovedfromEgypt monuments werededicatedtothesungodRe. temple ofKarnak.Thesemagnificentstone temples reflecttheirdoublefunction? does thearchitecturalstructureofEgyptian protect themselvesfromprimevalchaos.How purposes inmind:tohousethegodsand Egyptian ritual? Egyptians. Whatdotheyteachusaboutancient we havetothemystifyingreligionofancient Coptic religionandlanguagearetheclosestlink meaning attributedtoaritualinstrument.The easily identified,butthedifficultyliesin archaeological record.Ritualparaphernaliacanbe MANSIONSOF THE SPIRITS : explores thisshiftintemplefunctionandthecomplexrelationshipbetweenreligion takes thevieweronanexplorationofmagnificent 0 QueenHatshepsutbecamepharaohafterher 10. .TheNewKingdombroughtaboutthecreationof 9. Howaretheremains ofancientEgyptiantemples 8. Thetempleof SetiIisofgreatimportancenot 7. Thegreattemple ofKarnakisdedicatedtowhich 6. destroyed after herdeath? were theimagesdepicting Queen Hatshepsut Egyptian culturalattitudes towardswomen?Why acceptance ofafemalepharaoh sayaboutancient Hatshepsut’s iconography. Whatdoesthe pharaoh characteristicsdepicted inQueen Egyptian iconography. Describethemale depict herasatraditionalmalepharaohin husband died.Sheorderedskilledcraftsmento perceived asalivinggod? shift inideology?Whywasthepharaohnow ancient Egyptiangods.Whatbroughtaboutthis Egyptian. Temples hadpreviouslyhonored messengers betweenthegodsandcommon pharaohs, whocametobeperceivedasspiritual commemorate thepowerandsanctityof mortuary temples,templesbuiltto the survivaloftheseancientstructures? past? Whataresomeofthethreatsendangering different fromwhatthetempleslookedlikein the Egyptians’senseoftheirplaceinhistory? archaeologists understandEgyptianhistoryand kings inhieroglyphics.Howdoesthislisthelp because thetemplecontainsalistofEgyptian only becauseitissowellpreserved,butalso dedicated toancientEgyptiangods? small statueofAmundifferentfromotherstatues ancient Egyptiandeity?Howandwhyisthe Egypt BeyondthePyramids: PAGE 3 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT .Drawanillustrativemapofthemainancient 2. ChooseagodorgoddessfromancientEgyptian 1. EXTENDED ACTIVITIESEXTENDED HOUR 1 zabala: primeval: offering: muezzin: mortuary: morass: lute: libation: iconography: hieroglyphics: guise: enthrone: cymbal: Christianity Coptic: cacophony: VOCABULARY Egyptian sitesdiscussedinthefilmwithakey you created. myth associatedwiththisdeity, usingtheimage the iconographicimageofthatdeity. Actouta mythology thatinterestsyou,anddraworpaint (n.) guitarlikemusicalinstrument (n.) falseappearance (n.) Arabicwordfor“trash” (adj.) relatingtothereligioussectinancientEgyptthatwasoneofearliestbranches (n.) bogormarsh (n.) percussioninstrumentthatismadeoutofbrassandtheshapeadish (n.) drinkofferedtoagod,assacrifice (n.) giftorsacrificetoagod (n.) personwhoannouncestheMuslimprayinghours (adj.) ancient (v.) toplaceonathrone; togivesupremepower (n.) placewheredeadbodiesarepreparedfor, orheldbefore,burialcremation (n.) harshsound MANSIONSOF THE SPIRITS : (n.) pictorialorsymbolicrepresentationofaspecificsubject (n.) systemofwritingthatusespicturesandsymbolstorepresentwordssounds .Prepareanoralpresentationonancient 3. an adequatearchaeologyofreligion. on whetherornotyouthinkthatwecanachieve Egyptian religionandritual.Focusyourthesis temples, and/ordomesticstructures. indicating whichsitescontainpyramids, PAGE 4 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT Students willbeabletoidentifythearchaeologicalevidencethatconfirmedthisdiscovery. Students willbeabletoexplainthesignificanceofdiscoverytombRamessesII’s lostchildren. Objectives of onethemostexcitingarchaeologicaldiscoveriescentury. children wasfound. fathered morethanonehundredchildrenduringhislifetime.In1987,theroyaltombofRamessesII’s lost construction ofAbuSimbel,theRamesseum,andseveralcolossalstatuesinhisimage.Inaddition,he over Egyptforsixty-sevenprosperousandpeacefulyears.Hismanyaccomplishmentsincludethe the restingplaceofPharaohRamessesII’s lostchildren.RamessesII,thepharaohofpharaohs,ruled Egyptologist KentWeeks uncoverednotonlythelargesttombeverfoundinValley oftheKings,butalso most importantarchaeologicaldiscoverysincetheoftombTutankhamen in1922.The Egypt BeyondthePyramids:TheGreatPharaohandHisLostChildren .WhydidtheEgyptologistKentWeeks decideto 5. In1881theGermanarchaeologistEmil Brucsh 4. Egyptianpharaohshadmanywivesand children. 3. RamessesIIdeclaredhimselfalivinggodand 2. ForhowlongdidRamessesIIrule?How didhe 1. HOUR 2 EXTENDED ACTIVITIESEXTENDED QUESTIONS THINKING CRITICAL .ImaginethatyouareanEgyptologistworking in 1. drawings ofKV5? intrigued Dr. Weeks aboutJamesBurton’s had describedthetombasinsignificant?What excavate tombKV5afterpreviousarchaeologists pharaonic mummies? original tomb?Whowasresponsibleforremoving was RamessesII’s mummyremovedfrom its pharaoh’s tombwithotherroyalmummies.Why found RamessesII’s mummyrestingoutsidethe children? Egyptian rulers’relationshipswiththeir with hischildrendifferentfromotherancient children. HowisKingRamessesII’s relationship Ramesses IIfatheredmorethanonehundred duties ofpharaohafterdeclaringhimselfagod? Egyptian ideology?Howdidhehandlethesecular did thisboldactreflectachangeinancient built agrandtempletocelebratehisdivinity. How his majoraccomplishments? earn thetitle“RamessesGreat”?Whatwere excavated. describe inyour ownwordswhatyouhave journal. Draw amapoftheimaginarytomb and new tombandneedtorecord yourfindsina the Valley oftheKings.You have uncovereda THEGREAT PHAROAH ANDHISLOST: CHILDREN Egypt BeyondthePyramids:TheGreatPharaohandHisLostChildren 0 Increasingtourismposesathreattothestability 10. .Egypt’s pharaohswereburiedinsidepyramids 9. Describethelife-sizedstatue thatpresidesover 8. Howmanyfunerarychambershavebeen 7. Whatarchaeologicalevidenceconfirmed to 6. .Imaginethatyouareamagazinereporter 2. practices? What broughtaboutthischangeinburial the Valley oftheKings,nearmodern-dayLuxor. B.C.E., Egyptiansbeganburyingtheirroyaltyin during theOldKingdom.Inapproximately1570 Osiris? there? WhywasRamessesIIdepictedasthegod Ramesses II’s children.Whydoesitpreside the Valley oftheKings? architecturally differentfromothertombsin excavated sofaratKV5?HowisKV5 been buriedatKV5? Dr. Weeks thatRamesses II’s lostchildrenhad the tombsbebuiltforvisitors? closed tothepublic?Shouldfull-sizedmodelsof tomb belimited?Shouldthefragiletombs the numberoftouristsvisitingeachindividual can thethreatsoftourismbealleviated?Should of thetombswithinValley of the Kings.How Dr. Weeks inthestyleofa magazine article. discovery oftombKV5.Write aninterviewwith interviewing Dr. KentWeeks abouthisrecent explores tombKV5,deemedthe tells thestory PAGE 5 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT sarcophagus: in 1987byKentWeeks; KV5isthelosttombofRamessesII’s children KV5: canopic jar: amulet: VOCABULARY HOUR 2 Egyptian royalty valley nearThebes,modern-dayLuxor;thesefunerarychambersfunctionedastherestingplaceofancient Valley oftheKings: (n.) designationforValley oftheKingsTomb 5,discoveredbyJamesBurtonin1925andre-excavated (n.) objectwornasacharmtowardoffevil (n.) containerusedtokeeptheinternalorgansofancientEgyptianmummies THEGREAT PHAROAH ANDHISLOST: CHILDREN (n.) stonecoffin,frequentlydecorated (n.) complexofgreatfunerarychambersbuiltinthelimestonemountainsabarren PAGE 6 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT average EgyptiansplayedinancientEgypt. results obtainedfromtheexcavationofEgyptianresidentialsiteshelpedresearchersidentifyrolethat Egyptian diet,clothing,makeup,andgenderroles.Studentswillbeabletoexplainhowtheanalysisoffield Students willbeabletodescribethedailyactivitiesofaverageancientEgyptian;theylearnabout Objectives legal equalityasearly2700B.C.E. also hasbecomeacrucialaspectofthestudythatsociety, particularlybecauseEgyptianwomenachieved Egyptian womenwereresponsiblefortradingproduceatthemarket.ThestudyofgenderrolesinEgypt virtually nonexistent,thattheEgyptiandailydietconsistedmainlyofbreadandlumpybeer, andthat Extensive fieldworkatMendesandDeirel-Medinahaverevealedtoarchaeologiststhatsanitationwas brought tolifethevoiceofcommonEgyptianindividualwholivedinthisvillagethirtycenturiesago. no longerinterestedmerelyinpharaohs,priests,warriors,andscribes;sitessuchasDeirel-Medinahave collectors. Described as“thegiftoftheNile,”ancientEgypthaslongfascinatedEgyptologists,arthistoriansand .Makeupplayed animportantroleinEgyptian 5. TheEgyptologistDr. DonaldRedforduncovered 4. Egypt’s OldKingdomsufferedadrasticdecline 3. Whilemostriversflowfromnorthtosouth,the 2. Thedomesticationofplantsandanimalswas 1. HOUR 3 CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS THINKING CRITICAL cultural functionsof makeupinancient Egyptian wore makeup. Whatwerethepractical and daily life.Poor andrichindividualsofboth sexes findings? positions. Whataretheimplications ofthese individuals lyingsideby incontorted Redford cameacrosstheremains ofthree destroyed byafire.Belowthelayerofash,Dr. an OldKingdomtempleinMendesthatwas the collapseofOldKingdom? end? WhatdoesthefallofMendesrevealabout indicates thatMendessufferedacatastrophic archaeology. Whatarchaeologicalevidence Kingdom, onemustsearchforanswersthrough written recordsofthedeclineOld war, disease,and famine.Sincethereareno years ofprosperity. Chaos ensuedintheformof some 4,000yearsago,afterapproximately500 fluctuations? innovations wereusedtocounteracttheriver’s Nile’s floodcycle.Whattechnological September. Egyptian agriculturedependsonthe floods duringthemonthsofAugustand Nile Riverflowsfromsouthtonorth,andit development ofacomplexsocietyinEgypt? harvest ofthesetwocropsleadtothe two staplecrops.Howdidthedomesticationand human history. Wheatand barleywereEgypt’s one ofthemostinfluentialdevelopmentsin Egypt BeyondthePyramids:TheDailyLifeofAncientEgyptians THEDAILY LIFEOFANCIENTEGYPTIANS : 0 Whyareancient rubbishdumpssoimportant to 10. .Analyzeindetailthespatial patternofan 9. Marriageandfamilyplayed animportantrolein 8. AccordingtotheEgyptologistDr. Lesko,“the 7. Egyptianwomenexperiencedlegalequalityas 6. Egyptian garbage? archaeologist typicallyfindinsideancient archaeologists? Whattypesofartifacts can an ancient Egyptianresidential site? area, oracommonlivingquarter insidean able torecognizeakitchen space,abedroom Egyptian residentialsite.How isanEgyptologist societies? Greece andRome,oreveninmodernWestern different fromconceptsofmarriageinAncient is theancientEgyptianinstitutionofmarriage What wastheacceptedopinionofdivorce?How significance ofmarriagetotheaverageEgyptian. ancient Egyptiansociety. Describethe with specificexamples. with thisstatement?Supportyourargument United Statesupuntilthe1950s.”Doyouagree more legalrightsthansomewomeninthe as afullyindependentlegalpersonality, had Egyptian woman,whowasregardedbyherstate and dutiessharedbyEgyptianmen. ancient Egyptianwomenhadwiththebenefits carry out?Comparethebenefitsanddutiesthat were someofthedutiesEgyptianwomenhadto benefits Egyptianwomenenjoyed,andwhat far backas2700B.C.E.Whatweresomeofthe Western society? society? Whatroledoesmakeupplayintoday’s demonstrates thatscholarsare PAGE 7 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT .GotoanartmuseumwithEgyptian 2. WriteyourfirstandlastnameinEgyptian 1. EXTENDED ACTIVITIESEXTENDED HOUR 3 vitality: surrounding theNile shaduf: manuscripts anddocuments scribe: to describeafragmentofpottery potsherd: the stemofthisplant northern Africa;kindofpapermadefrom papyrus: the plural,ostraca ancient Egyptianswrote;typicallyusedin describe potteryorstonemediumsonwhich ostracon: in theworld Mediterranean SeainEgypt;thelongestriver it flowsfromBurundiinEastAfricatothe Nile River: a specificindividual niche: garbage dump midden: illiterate: Egyptology: commodity: VOCABULARY an Egyptiancollection.Choose collection orvisittheWeb siteofamuseumwith hieroglyphics. inscription enabledEgyptologiststodecipher were firstdeciphered,andindicatewhatfamous and underwhatcircumstancehieroglyphics hieroglyphs. Writeashortessaydescribingwhen (n.) activityorplaceparticularlysuitedfor (n.) individualwhocopies (n.) deviceusedtoirrigate fields (n.) abilitytoliveandgrow (n.) archaeologicaltermforanancient (n.) tallwaterplantfoundin (adj.) unabletoreadorwrite (n.) termusedinEgyptologyto (n.) archaeologicaltermused (n.) Egypt’s mainbodyofwater; (n.) tradeitem (n.) studyofancientEgyptianarchaeology THEDAILY LIFEOFANCIENTEGYPTIANS : .ImaginethatyouarelivinginDeirel-Medinaas 3. entry. home andatwork)inajournalorostracon works athome.Describeyourdailyactivities(at either askilledtombworkerorwomanwho date, andculturaland/orhistoricalsignificance. words; andresearchtheobject’s provenance, object thatinterestsyou;drawit;describeitin PAGE 8 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT rites suchasmummification. to describewhyancientEgyptiansplacedsuchgreatimportanceonthecompletionofcomplexfunerary Students willbeabletoexplaintheancientEgyptianviewondeathandafterlife. Objectives and thegreatcacheofmummiesrecoveredinValley oftheGoldenMummies. sandpit burials,themastabatombsofOldKingdom,pharaonicfuneraryritualsNew one. Egypt; afamily’s financialmeansdeterminedwhattypeofmummificationwouldbeperformedonaloved preparation inancientEgyptiansociety. Severaldifferenttypesofmummificationwereavailableinancient Egypt BeyondthePyramids:DeathandJourneytoImmortality In orderforapersontogainentryintotheafterlife,severalceremoniesandritualshadbeperformed. Ancient Egyptiansvieweddeathaspartofacycle;itwasperceivedtransitionalphaseintotheafterlife. .Imaginethatyouareanadultlivinginancient 1. .Whatwasthefunctionof 5. WhatdidancientEgyptiansbelievehappenedto 4. AncientEgyptiansbelievedthatthedeceaseddid 3. WhatistheancientEgyptians’viewofdeath? 2. Interpretationofburialsisacentralaspect 1. .WhydidancientEgyptianspractice 6. HOUR 4 EXTENDED ACTIVITIESEXTENDED QUESTIONS THINKING CRITICAL with theprocess. group ofyoung childrenwhowereunfamiliar ritual ofmummificationthat youwouldgivetoa Write anddemonstratethe explanationofthe interested inmummifying yourpetcat. Egypt duringtheNewKingdom andare an afterlife? afterlife? Onwhatgroundswereindividualsdenied those individualswhoweredeniedaccesstothe right toanafterlife? responsible forgrantingordenyingindividualsthe According toancientEgyptianbelief,whowas number ofobstacles.Whatweretheseobstacles? had togainaccesstheafterlifebyovercominga not immediatelyentertheafterlifeupondyingbut is theirinterpretationoftheafterlife? ancient Egypt? death tellusabouttheworldoflivingin archaeology. Whatcanthearchaeologyof Why weresectionsofthe mummification? Whywasitimportantthatthe decoration onthewallsofancientEgyptiantombs? Egypt BeyondthePyramids:DeathandJourneytoImmortality DEATH AND THE JOURNEY TO: IMMORTALITY Book oftheDead Book oftheDead used as ? 0 In1991,Dr. DavidO’ConnorofNewYork 10. .Write andperformashortplayinwhichyou 2. .WherewerethecommonpeopleofancientEgypt 9. Howdidtheprocessofmummificationchange 8. Thedeadwereburiedinsandpitsduringthe 7. student plays theEgyptiansoul. play thepartofgodOsiris whiletheother to begrantedanafterlife. One studentshould Egyptian soulwouldhave to overcomeinorder a classmatedemonstratethe majorobstaclesan in ancientEgyptianmythology? temples? Whatisthesymbolicsignificanceofboats these ancientvesselsburiedinsidethiscomplexof temples neartheancientcityofAbydos.Whywere of royalboatsinsideacomplexmortuary University’s InstituteofFineArtsuncoveredafleet buried? Didtheyhaveaccesstomummification? an afterlifechange? century B.C.E.?DidtheancientEgyptianbeliefin with theRomanconquestofEgyptinfirst process stepbystep. ritual involvedinmummification?Explainthe mummification firstintroduced?Whatwasthe earliest yearsofEgyptiancivilization.Whenwas resemblance tothedeceasedaspossible? Egyptian mummiesmaintainasclosea investigates theroleofmortuary explores theearliestEgyptian PAGE 9 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT mastabas: frankincense: evisceration: embalm: decompose: cache: VOCABULARY HOUR 4 time linethat givesanoverviewofthe history oftheobjectsfound inthemuseum’s permanentcollection. historical and artisticvalue.Thissiteprovides photographsofthe museum’s mainEgyptianobjects anda The MetropolitanMuseum ofArt,inNewYork City, holds approximately36,000Egyptianpiecesofgreat www.metmuseum.org there isatimeline,general mapofancientEgypt,andateacherresourcesection. daily life,hieroglyphs,mummies, style,andlearningresourceslinks.Withinthe learningresourcessection, This sitehasasectionentitled“ExploreAncientEgypt,” whichissubdividedintooverview, archaeology, The MuseumofFineArts,inBoston,hasthegreatest collectionofancientEgyptianartinNorthAmerica. www.mfa.org the Egyptiancollection. conduct theirownsearch,lookforthemuseum’s suggested objectsofthemonth,andtakeavirtualtour world andincludesartifactsfromthepredynasticperiod untiltheCopticperiod.Thissiteenablesusersto The BritishMuseum,inLondon,holdsthesecondlargest collectionofancientEgyptianartifactsinthe www.thebritishmuseum.sc.uk sculptures, tombequipment,andwrittendocuments. divided intosevencategories:accessoriesandjewelry, architecturalelements,furniture,mummies, ancient Egyptianartcollectionintheworld,withapproximately120,000objects.Thesiteis The officialEgyptiantourismsitefortheMuseum,inCairo.Museumhaslargest www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/abegmus.htm SITES MUSEUM WEB RESOURCES Valley oftheGoldenMummies: myrrh: mummification: mausoleum: (n.) hidingplace;hiddentreasuresorprovisions (n.) typeofgumresinfromatree,burnedasincense (v.) totreatacorpsewithpreservativesinorderslowdecay (n.) (v.) todecay (n.) magnificenttomb (n.) processbywhichabodyisemptiedofitsinternalorgans DEATH AND THE JOURNEY TO: IMMORTALITY (n.) sweet-smellinggumresin,fromatree,burnedasincense simple rectangularstructureswithasingleburialchamberusedastombsforancientEgyptians (n.) ancientEgyptianprocessofcorpsepreservationachievedthroughembalming (n.) largestcacheofmummieseverfound,locatedintheBahariyaoasis. PAGE 10 EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT Steedman, Scott. Time-Life Books,1995. Hart, George,(consulting ed.). Hart, George. Egyptian hieroglyphsaredecipheredandexplained with theaidoftranslatortools. www.torstar.com/rom/egypt occupations, andobjects. More than4,700hieroglyphicsymbolsareshownon thissite,arrangedincategorieslikemammals, www.ccer.ggl.ruu.nl/hiero/hiero.html international publisher. This siteincludesacompilationofmanyresources,indexes,events,andpublicationsfromHobsons,an www.educationindex.com/archeol excavation, finds,personalprofile,andprogressreport. KV5. Itincludesthefollowingtopics:Thebanmappingprojectoverview, history, virtualrealitytour, Dr. KentWeeks organizedthissiteinanefforttohighlightthefieldresultsfromexcavationoftomb www.kv5.com pharaohs, pyramids,temples,time,trade,andwriting. subdivided intotendistinctsections:Egyptiandailylife,geography, godsandgoddesses,mummification, Compiled bytheBritishMuseum,thissiteprovidesabasicoverviewofancientEgyptiancivilization.It is www.ancientegypt.co.uk This siteincludesanexhibitofEgyptianartifactsandavirtualtoursites. The InstituteofEgyptianArtandArchaeologyisaffiliatedwiththeUniversityMemphis,inTennessee. www.memphis.edu includes anonlineencyclopediaofancientEgyptfortheyoungreader. the UniversityofOxford.Thissitehasasection,writtenforyoungpeopleinterestedinancientEgypt,that The GriffithInstituteispartoftheAshmoleanMuseumArtandArchaeology, whichisassociatedwith www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk museum’s collection. number ofeventstakingplaceeverySaturdaythemonth,includingfilmsandlecturesabout highlights oftheEgyptiancollectionBrooklynMuseum,inBrooklyn,NewYork. Thissitelistsa Coffins, mummycases,lavishsarcophagi,andtheremainsofa2,600-year-old mummyaresomeofthe www.brooklynart.org photographic archives,andrelevantarchaeologyprojects. statue ofKingTutankhamen. ThissiteoffersavirtualtouroftheancientEgyptiancollection, The OrientalInstituteoftheUniversityChicagodisplaysmanyimportantpiecessuchascolossal www.oi.uchicago.edu RESOURCES ADDITIONAL WEB SITES ADDITIONAL WEB BOOKS Eyewitness Books–AncientEgypt Pockets–Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt . London:DorlingKindersley, 1995. . TheNatureCompanyDiscoveries Library. NewYork: . London:DorlingKindersley, 2000.