DOCSLIB.ORG

Old West / Wild West Part 4 (Edited from Wikipedia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Old West / Wild West Part 4 (Edited from Wikipedia) Old West / Wild West Part 4 (Edited from Wikipedia) LAW AND ORDER When criminals were convicted, punishment was severe. Aside from the occasional Western sheriff and Marshal, there were other various law enforcement agencies throughout the American frontier, such as the Texas Rangers and the North-West Mounted Police. These lawmen were not just instrumental in keeping peace, but also in protecting the locals from Indian and Mexican threats at the border. Law enforcement tended to be more stringent in towns than in rural areas. Law enforcement emphasized maintaining stability more than armed combat, focusing on drunkenness, disarming cowboys who violated gun-control edicts and dealing with flagrant breaches of gambling and prostitution ordinances. One historian argues that the violent image of the cattle towns in film and fiction is largely myth. The real Dodge City, he says, was the headquarters for the buffalo-hide trade of the Southern Plains and one of the West's principal cattle towns, a sale and shipping point for cattle arriving from Texas. He states there is a "second Dodge City" that belongs to the popular imagination and thrives as a cultural metaphor for violence, chaos, and depravity. For the cowboy arriving with money in hand after two months on the trail, the town was exciting. Tombstone, Arizona was a turbulent mining town that flourished longer than most, from 1877 to 1929. Silver was discovered in 1877, and by 1881 the town had a population of over 10,000. In 1879 the newly arrived Earp brothers bought shares in the Vizina mine, water rights, and gambling concessions, but Virgil, Wyatt, and Morgan Earp obtained positions at different times as federal and local lawmen. After more than a year of threats and feuding, they killed three outlaws in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, the most famous gunfight of the Old West. In the aftermath, Virgil Earp was maimed in an ambush and Morgan Earp was assassinated while playing billiards. Wyatt and others, including his brothers James Earp and Warren Earp, pursued those they believed responsible in an extra-legal vendetta. Warrants were issued for their arrest in the murder of Frank Stilwell. The Cochise County Cowboys were one of the first organized crime syndicates in the United States, and their demise came in the hands of Wyatt Earp. 1 Western story tellers and film makers featured the gunfight in many Western productions. Walter Noble Burns's novel Tombstone (1927) made Earp famous. Hollywood celebrated Earp's Tombstone days with John Ford's My Darling Clementine (1946), John Sturges's Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957) and Hour of the Gun (1967), Frank Perry's Doc (1971), George Cosmatos's Tombstone (1993), and Lawrence Kasdan's Wyatt Earp (1994). They solidified Earp's modern reputation as the Old West's deadliest gunman. GUNFIGHTS The names and exploits of Western gunslingers took a major role in American folklore, fiction and film. Their guns and costumes became children's toys for make-believe shootouts. The stories became immensely popular in Germany and other European countries, which produced their own novels and films about the American frontier. The image of a Wild West filled with countless gunfights was a myth based on repeated exaggerations. The most notable and well-known took place in Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Actual gunfights in the Old West were more episodic than being a common thing, but when gunfights did occur, the cause for each varied. Some were simply the result of the heat of the moment, while others were longstanding feuds, or between bandits and lawmen. Although mostly romanticized, there were instances of "quick draw" that did occur though rarely, such as the Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout and Luke Short-Jim Courtright Duel. Fatal duels were fought to uphold personal honor in the West. To prevent gunfights, towns such as Dodge City and Tombstone prohibited firearms in town. Range wars were infamous armed conflicts that took place in the "open range" of the American frontier. The subject of these conflicts was the control of lands freely used for farming and cattle grazing which gave the conflict its name. Range wars became more common by the end of the American Civil War, and numerous conflicts were fought. During a range war in Montana, a vigilante group called Stuart's Stranglers, which were made up of cattlemen and cowboys, killed up to 20 criminals and range squatters in 1884 alone. In Nebraska, stock grower Isom Olive led a range war in 1878 that killed a number of homesteaders from lynchings and shootouts before eventually leading to his own murder. Another infamous type of open range conflict were the Sheep Wars, which were fought between sheep ranchers and cattle ranchers over grazing rights and mainly occurred in Texas, Arizona and the border region of Wyoming and Colorado. 2 In most cases, formal military involvement were used to quickly put an end to these conflicts. Other conflicts over land and territory were also fought such as the Regulator–Moderator War, Cortina Troubles, Las Cuevas War and the Bandit War. INDIAN WARS Indian warriors in the West, using their traditional style of limited, battle-oriented warfare, confronted the U.S. Army. The Indians emphasized bravery in combat while the Army put its emphasis not so much on individual combat as on building networks of forts, developing a logistics system, and using the telegraph and railroads to coordinate and concentrate its forces. Plains Indian intertribal warfare bore no resemblance to the "modern" warfare practiced by the Americans along European lines, using its vast advantages in population and resources. Many tribes avoided warfare and others supported the U.S. Army. The tribes hostile to the government continued to pursue their traditional brand of fighting and, therefore, were unable to have any permanent success against the Army. Indian wars were fought throughout the western regions, with more conflicts in the states bordering Mexico than in the interior states. Arizona ranked highest, with 310 known battles fought within the state's boundaries between Americans and the natives. Arizona ranked highest in war deaths, with 4,340 killed, including soldiers, civilians and Native Americans. That was more than twice as many as occurred in Texas, the second highest ranking state. Most of the deaths in Arizona were caused by the Apache. Indian warriors in the West, using their traditional style of limited, battle-oriented warfare, confronted the U.S. Army. The Indians emphasized bravery in combat while the Army put its emphasis not so much on individual combat as on building networks of forts, developing a logistics system, and using the telegraph and railroads to coordinate and concentrate its forces. Plains Indian intertribal warfare bore no resemblance to the "modern" warfare practiced by the Americans along European lines, using its vast advantages in population and resources. Many tribes avoided warfare and others supported the U.S. Army. The tribes hostile to the government continued to pursue their traditional brand of fighting and, therefore, were unable to have any permanent success against the Army. Indian wars were fought throughout the western regions, with more conflicts in the states bordering Mexico than in the interior states. Arizona ranked highest, with 310 3 known battles fought within the state's boundaries between Americans and the natives. Arizona ranked highest in war deaths, with 4,340 killed, including soldiers, civilians and Native Americans. That was more than twice as many as occurred in Texas, the second highest ranking state. Most of the deaths in Arizona were caused by the Apache. Michno also says that fifty-one percent of the Indian war battles between 1850 and 1890 took place in Arizona, Texas and New Mexico, as well as thirty-seven percent of the casualties in the county west of the Mississippi River. 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ranching Catalogue 
    Catalogue Ten –Part Four THE RANCHING CATALOGUE VOLUME TWO D-G Dorothy Sloan – Rare Books box 4825 ◆ austin, texas 78765-4825 Dorothy Sloan-Rare Books, Inc. Box 4825, Austin, Texas 78765-4825 Phone: (512) 477-8442 Fax: (512) 477-8602 Email: [email protected] www.sloanrarebooks.com All items are guaranteed to be in the described condition, authentic, and of clear title, and may be returned within two weeks for any reason. Purchases are shipped at custom- er’s expense. New customers are asked to provide payment with order, or to supply appropriate references. Institutions may receive deferred billing upon request. Residents of Texas will be charged appropriate state sales tax. Texas dealers must have a tax certificate on file. Catalogue edited by Dorothy Sloan and Jasmine Star Catalogue preparation assisted by Christine Gilbert, Manola de la Madrid (of the Autry Museum of Western Heritage), Peter L. Oliver, Aaron Russell, Anthony V. Sloan, Jason Star, Skye Thomsen & many others Typesetting by Aaron Russell Offset lithography by David Holman at Wind River Press Letterpress cover and book design by Bradley Hutchinson at Digital Letterpress Photography by Peter Oliver and Third Eye Photography INTRODUCTION here is a general belief that trail driving of cattle over long distances to market had its Tstart in Texas of post-Civil War days, when Tejanos were long on longhorns and short on cash, except for the worthless Confederate article. Like so many well-entrenched, traditional as- sumptions, this one is unwarranted. J. Evetts Haley, in editing one of the extremely rare accounts of the cattle drives to Califor- nia which preceded the Texas-to-Kansas experiment by a decade and a half, slapped the blame for this misunderstanding squarely on the writings of Emerson Hough.
    [Show full text]
  • Chafin, Carl Research Collection, Ca
    ARIZONA HISTORICAL SOCIETY 949 East Second Street Library and Archives Tucson, AZ 85719 (520) 617-1157 [email protected] MS 1274 Chafin, Carl Research collection, ca. 1958-1995 DESCRIPTION Series 1: Research notes; photocopies of government records including great (voters) registers, assessor’s rolls, and Tombstone Common Council minutes; transcripts and indexes of various records of Tombstone and Cochise County primarily dated in the 1880s. The originals of these materials are housed elsewhere (see f.1). There are typed transcripts of early newspaper articles from Arizona and California newspapers concerning events, mining and growth in Cochise County. Extensive card indexes include indexes by personal name with article citations and appearances in great registers as well as an index to his published version of George Parson’s diaries. There is also a photocopy of the Arizona Quarterly Illustrated published in 1881. Series 2: Manuscripts and publications include: manuscripts and articles about environmental issues, the Grand Canyon, and Tombstone, AZ. Also included are Patagonia Roadrunner from 1967-1968 and Utopian Times in Alaska from 1970, two publications for which Chafin wrote. The collection contains correspondence, mostly pertaining to environmental issues, and a Chafin family genealogy. Finally, there is printed matter on Sidney M. Rosen and Lipizzan Stallions, as well as photographs of Lipizzan Stallions and other miscellaneous material. 23 boxes, 1 outside item, 14 linear ft. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE Carl Chafin was born in San Francisco, CA. While employed at Hughes Aircraft Company in Tucson, Arizona in 1966, Chafin began his life-long research into Tombstone, Arizona history and particularly the diaries of George Whitwell Parsons.
    [Show full text]
  • Twisted Trails of the Wold West by Matthew Baugh © 2006
    Twisted Trails of the Wold West By Matthew Baugh © 2006 The Old West was an interesting place, and even more so in the Wold- Newton Universe. Until fairly recently only a few of the heroes and villains who inhabited the early western United States had been confirmed through crossover stories as existing in the WNU. Several comic book miniseries have done a lot to change this, and though there are some problems fitting each into the tapestry of the WNU, it has been worth the effort. Marvel Comics’ miniseries, Rawhide Kid: Slap Leather was a humorous storyline, parodying the Kid’s established image and lampooning westerns in general. It is best known for ‘outing’ the Kid as a homosexual. While that assertion remains an open issue with fans, it isn’t what causes the problems with incorporating the story into the WNU. What is of more concern are the blatant anachronisms and impossibilities the story offers. We can accept it, but only with the caveat that some of the details have been distorted for comic effect. When the Rawhide Kid is established as a character in the Wold-Newton Universe he provides links to a number of other western characters, both from the Marvel Universe and from classic western novels and movies. It draws in the Marvel Comics series’ Blaze of Glory, Apache Skies, and Sunset Riders as wall as DC Comics’ The Kents. As with most Marvel and DC characters there is the problem with bringing in the mammoth superhero continuities of the Marvel and DC universes, though this is not insurmountable.
    [Show full text]
  • Tombstone, Arizona Shippensburg University
    Trent Otis © 2011 Applied GIS with Dr. Drzyzga Tombstone, Arizona Shippensburg University Photo © dailyventure.com. Photographer unknown. Tombstone and the Old West The People Wyatt Earp Virgil and Morgan Earp Tombstone established itself as a boomtown after The tragedy that occurred at Tombstone, Arizona involved Wyatt has been most often Virgil and Morgan Earp are the silver was discovered in a local mine in 1877. It quickly characters who were as interesting as the time period. From characterized as a strict, no nonsense brothers of Wyatt. Virgil held various became a prospering community which attracted all lawmen turned silver prospectors, dentists turned gam- person who prefered to settle disputes law enforcement positions throughout walks of life. blers, outlaws and worse, these men all had their stakes in with words rather than confrontation. his life and was appointed as a Deputy the events at Tombstone. Following are short descriptions U.S Marshal before moving to of these men. Wyatt is arguably one of the most Tombstone. Later on, he was The American Old West has captured the minds and inuential individuals in the Old West. appointed as acting marshal for the imaginations of the American people since the West He encoutered some initial hardship in town after the current marshal was became more civilized in the late 1800s to early 1900s. his life when his rst wife died. accidentally slain by one of the Earp In the early 1880s, a specic event occurred that would Eventually, his sutuation improved and antagonists. capture the essence of the old west in one story.
    [Show full text]
  • Gunplay Maxwell
    Gunplay Maxwell James Otis Bliss, AKA “Clarence L. Maxwell”, “Gunplay Maxwell” (1860 to August 23, 1909) was a late 19th-century Old West gunfighter and businessman from Boston, Massachusetts. Born the son of a hotel manager (Alfonso Bliss), he received a good education, but in 1875 he was involved in a bar room brawl that resulted in him shooting and killing a friend of his. Maxwell fled to Texas, and later Montana, to avoid being arrested for the murder. While in Montana and working as a cowboy, he began selling his gunman skills during the cattle-sheep wars. He later became involved in a cattle rustling in Wyoming and Utah, resulting in his being arrested and sentenced to 3 years in the Wyoming State Prison in 1893. While in prison, he became associated with Butch Cassidy, and the two were released within a week of one another. It was later said that he attempted to join Cassidy’s gang “The Wild Bunch”, but was rejected. In 1898 he and another man robbed the Springville, Utah bank, taking $3,000. More than 200 posse members pursued them, killing Maxwell’s partner, and capturing Maxwell after a brief shootout. He was taken to the Provo, Utah jail, but never revealed the identity of his partner, but that he was dead. Maxwell was convicted of robbery and was sent to the Utah State Prison. Five years later, after he helped stop a prison escape, his sentence was commuted. He worked as a mine guard and discovered the ozokerite near Colton, Utah and filed a claim, then started the mining company “Utah Ozokerite Company”.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form REGISTER
    NFS Form 10-900-b OMB ^fo 1024-0018 (Jan 1987) F j United States Department of the Interior | National Park Service ^^ National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form REGISTER This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16), Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Pioneer Ranches/Farms in Fremont County, Wyoming, ca. 1865-1895_________ B. Associated Historic Contexts Ranching/Farming in Fremont County. Wyoming, ca. 1865-18Q5_____________ C. Geographical Data_____ Fremont County, Wyoming See continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirerjaeots set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Planning and Evaluation. Signature of certifying official Date State or Federal agency and bureau I, hereby, certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Jjv Signature of the Keeper of the National Register Date E. Statement of Historic Contexts Discuss each historic context listed in Section B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rushed to Ether, One Outfit Crashin Into the Other
    O verland Journal volume 33, number 3 fa l l 2015 the rushed toether, one outfit crashin into the other IN THIS ISSUE - THE EARP WAGON TRAIN TO SAN BERNARDINO • BOOK REVIEWS LETTERS FROM OUR READERS • PLUS LOOKING WEST & O verland Journal volum e 33, n u m b e r 3 fa l l 2015 The Look of the Elephant by andy hammond DISASTROUS CROSSINGS Like the evil troll that lived under the bridge in the “Billy down the stream some of the donage floated off, Bill Goats Gruff” fairy tale, the Elephant often appeared at Morton lost his carpet-sack, Kinsey his bundle & river and stream crossings. This has been touched on in pre- Perin his gun. / We . cross over Sincer’s Hill & . vious columns, but here’s more: through the Catterack of Hell, crosing the Trucky on a pile of rocks. The first plunge, under went the cattle, As the river is too steep to ford we this evening made next came the waggon, driving them upon a thunder- arrangement for two canoes to ferry us over tomor- ing boulder, then a surge & the couplin broke. Here row. We have to pay eight dollars per day for them was hell again & the Elephant afloat. In jumpt the and to do the work ourselves . a platform was men & mored the wreck ashore away below the ford laid over the canoes with the plank we had sawed . We were some time righting our injured wagon. at “Santa Antonietta”, the Mexicans charging us —John Clark, August 23/24, 1852 12½ cents each for 3 small poles to bind the canoes (Truckee River, Nevada) together, and this morning by day break all hands were in motion .
    [Show full text]
  • Full Historic Context Study
    Wyoming Will Be Your New Home . Ranching, Farming, and Homesteading in Wyoming, 1860 –1960 Michael Cassity PREPARED FOR THE WYOMING S TAT E HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE PLANNING AND HISTORIC CONTEXT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WYOMING S TAT E PARKS & C U LT U R A L RESOURCES Wyoming Will Be Your New Home . Wyoming Will Be Your New Home . Ranching, Farming, and Homesteading in Wyoming, 1860 –1960 Michael Cassity PREPARED FOR THE WYOMING STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE PLANNING AND HISTORIC CONTEXT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM WYOMING STATE PARKS & CULTURAL RESOURCES Copyright © 2011 by the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office, Wyoming State Parks and Cultural Resources, Cheyenne, Wyoming. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act— without the prior written permission of the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office. Printed in the United States of America. Permission to use images and material is gratefully acknowledged from the following institutions and repositories. They and others cited in the text have contributed significantly to this work and those contributions are appreciated. Images and text used in this document remain the property of the owners and may not be further reproduced or published without the express consent of the owners: American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming; Bridger–Teton
    [Show full text]
  • 2-24-19 Newsletter.Docx
    In Search of Eldorado Day 51 Sunday February 24th Willcox To Bowie Weather H ello to Family & Friends 50’s and Sunny I t hink this is going to be fun, something I never tried before. Eldorado You’ll see it when it comes along. By Edgar Allen Poe W illcox to Bowie, about 25 miles by Interstate, but some very int eresting things in-between. My first task is to explore Gaily bedight, A gallant knight, W illcox; a couple museums, Railroad Park, 1880 train depot, In sunshine and in shadow, sounds good. The lady at the RV Park assured me the Had journeyed long, mu seums were open today. Singing a song, In search of Eldorado. But he grew old— This knight so bold— And o’er his heart a shadow— Fell as he found No spot of ground That looked like Eldorado. And, as his strength Failed him at length, He met a pilgrim shadow— ‘Shadow,’ said he, ‘Where can it be— This land of Eldorado?’ ‘Over the Mountains Of the Moon, Down the Valley of the Shadow, Ride, boldly ride,’ I guess Historic Downtown Willcox is just about as busy The shade replied,— on a Sunday as historic downtown Kingman was. ‘If you seek for Eldorado!’ I forgot this one yesterday. It’s a panoramic from the turn-around point of my hike. At least the Par k was open . The loc al War Me morial to the far right. They put the statue the wrong way again I knew I recognized that name from more than western movies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Presidio Trail a Historical Walking Tour of Downtown
    This historical walk, designed A Historical Walking Tour as a loop, begins and ends at of Downtown Tucson the intersection of Church and The Presidio Trail Washington Streets, the north- east corner of Tucson’s historic presidio. The complete walk (about 21/2 miles in length) takes 1 1/2 to 2 hours, but it can, of course, be done in segments, beginning and ending wherever you like. More than 20 restaurants are within a few blocks of the walk, C providing plenty of opportunities for lunch or a break. Most of the B sites on the tour are marked with historical plaques that provide additional information. Santa Cruz River Enjoy this walk through the heart of our city, which has expanded Just follow the turquoise striped path to out from the adobe fort that was visit each NUMBERED site. Sites its beginning. designated with LETTERS are not directly on the tour, but are interesting locations that can be viewed from the tour P route or are close by. 1 Presidio San Agustín de Tucson 2 Pima County Courthouse 9 3 Mormon Battalion Sculpture D 4 Soldado de Cuera (Leather 10 8 22 Jacket Soldier) Sculpture 12 11 W 4 5 Allande Footbridge 6 5 3 23 6 Garcés Footbridge 13 7 7 Gazebo in Plaza de Mesilla rsCenter 1 14 Visito 2 (La Placita) A A Francisco “Pancho” Villa Statue R P 8 Sosa-Carrillo-Frémont House W P 15 E 21 9 Jácome Art Panel at Tucson P H I Convention Center B Sentinel Peak/“A” Mountain G C Tumamoc (Horned Lizard) Hill 16 10 El Tiradito (The Castaway), also known as The Wishing Shrine F P 11 La Pilita D Carrillo Gardens/Elysian Grove & Market 17 18 12 Carrillo Elementary School R 13 Teatro Carmen W 20 14 Ferrin House (now Cushing Street R Bar & Restaurant) 19 W 15 Barrio Viejo Streetscape 20 Historic Railroad Depot Map by Wolf Forrest 16 Temple of Music & Art H Pioneer Hotel Building E St.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Times Glencoe / Mcgraw-Hill, 2008 Altho
    Settling the West, 1865 to 1890 Chapter 4a, Pages 154 to 179 The American Vision: Modern Times Glencoe / McGraw-Hill, 2008 Although the Civil War had inflicted massive casualties on the entire nation, and left the South’s infrastructure damaged, the nation as a whole experience growth during the second half of the 1800s. The fighting of the war had been mostly in the southeastern parts of the country. West of the Mississippi, and north of the Mason- Dixon Line, railroads, telegraph lines, and factories continued to expand. People settled new land and began to farm it. In the West, three opportunities attracted settlers: mining, ranching, and farming. The initial wave of gold mining, the California Gold Rush, lasted from 1848 to 1856, but more and bigger discoveries of lead, coal, iron, copper, and other minerals began in 1859, when silver ore was found in Nevada. In the 1870s, mining began in Colorado, South Dakota, and Montana. Boomtowns grew near mining discoveries. These cities expanded their populations in a single year from near zero to many thousands. The inhabitants of these town were mainly men between the ages of 17 and 40. There were few women, children, or older people. Because of this imbalance, crime and violence were common. Another problem was the slow growth of proper law enforcement: it took time to establish sheriffs and police. Until a city government could be established, volunteers formed ‘vigilance committees’ to keep the peace. Near the boomtown of Tombstone, Arizona, silver was discovered in 1877. The population quickly swelled to 14,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyatt Earp Program Transcript
    Page 1 Wyatt Earp Program Transcript Narrator: Wyatt Earp loved cowboy movies. In the 1920s he would travel from one end of Los Angeles to the other just to watch the latest releases. Wyatt was always glad for an escape from the monotony of his tiny bungalow. But even more, he hoped the movies would vindicate him. Forty years earlier, in an Arizona mining town, Wyatt and his brothers were drawn into a bitter conflict that echoed through the West. Tombstone and the OK Corral had haunted him ever since. Casey Tefertiller, Writer: His one brother had been maimed, another murdered. He went out and got the guys who did it. There weren’t any doubts, there weren’t any questions, he believed he’d done right, but it would always come back to him. Narrator: Wyatt had long since grown tired of the looks and questions, of wondering whether the strangers just wanted to shake the hand of a killer. He spent his days imagining a movie that would set them all straight, starring Hollywood’s most famous cowboy, William S. Hart. “If the story were exploited on the screen by you,” he wrote Hart, “it would do much toward setting me right before a public which has always been fed lies about me.” Hart never made Wyatt’s movie, and Wyatt didn’t live to see his redemption. But within a few years of his death, writers and filmmakers turned Wyatt Earp into a new kind of western hero. This story of a man who took the law into his own hands answered a deep longing in a society that had been transformed by vast, impersonal forces.
    [Show full text]