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Vegetation Survey of the Tantawangalo Research

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Vegetation Survey of the Tantawangalo Research This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. 'S leLf ,0 p ~L... ," '£ I ... ~ ~ -,,~ ~ -;. " ~1E~Eij~iFfi~~ SURVEY DF THE 1rAIJ'\nrAWANGALD RESEARCH CATCHMENTS ~ " ~. U~ 1ic=m~ ,~fQlre~ IFDRES-mV REGIDNs ; t .< ~~W ~~~ W~[b[5fS) "~ " ", " "A ~ ; ",', i! .; ,I> ,~ ~ ~:~ ~ " VEGETATION SURVEY OF THE TANTAWANGALO RESEARCH CATCHMENTS IN THE EDEN FORESTRY REGION, NEW SOUTH WALES by J. R. Dodson, P. G. Kodela and C. A. !'dyers on behalf of Gunninah Consultants for the Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Sydney December, 1988 2 Forest Resources Series No. 4. December 1988 Published by: -Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Wood Technology and Forest Research Division Oratava Avenue. West Pennant Hills. 2120 p.a. Box 100. Beecroft. 2119. Australia Copyright: Forestry Commission ofNew SouthWales, 1988 ODC 182.58 (944) ISSN 1033-1220 ISBN 0 7305 5673 5 3 CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES INTRODUCTION 5 THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT 5 1. Lecation 5. 2~ Geology. soils and' land Wlits 5 3~ Climate 7­ 4. Vegetation 7 5~ Recent land-use 9 INITIAL VEGETATION SURVEY 9: 1. Location and selection ofsurvey plots 9 2. Methods 9 3. Overview offorest structural types present 12· DETAILED VEGETATION SURVEY 14 1. Pe1TTla11.ent plot site selection 14, 2~ Dam €011eetion 14. ,. 3~ Analysfs ofvegetation distribution on the plots 14 4. ObJeetwe elassification ofvegetation data 18\ 5'. Vegetation: o.ndJ etherfeatures ofhabitat significance' 20­ 6. Rare and endangered. species 21 7. Other €onslderations and recommendations 21 REFERENCES· 22 APPENDICES 1. Rare aBut endangered species in southern New South Wales· 23- 2. lLoeation descriptions of the permanent plot sites' 24 3'. Permanent plot data 26 . 4. List ofvascular. plant speeies from the catchments 57: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 62 4 " LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. PAGE NO. Figure 1. Location ofthe study area 6 Figure 2. Location oftraEsect traverses for reconnaissance vegetation survey and distrtbNtion ofland-umt types 10 Ffiure 3. Forest vegetation coveI' ofthe Fesearch catcl1ments 13 Figure 4. Location ofpermanent plot sites 16 Figure 5. Dendrogram showing cluster analysis ofcanopy and middle-stoF€y tree data' 191 LIST OF TABLES' TABLE NO. PAGENO~ Table 1. Specht's structural classification fOF Australian vegetation 11 Table 2. Distribution ofpermanent plots in relation to vegetation types and land units 17 Table 3. Analysis o:fvaFiance of plot site data IS' Table 4. GroNp membership of permanent plots from clusteF analysis ofthe canopy and middle-stoFey tree data 20: 5 INTRODUCTION .. The purpose ofthis study, instigated by the Forestry Commission, was to provide a quantitative description ofthe vegetation ofthe Tantawangalo Research Catchments. The bulk of the report concerns the vegetation survey and data analysis. The initial analyses were used as a basis to place and locate 30 permanent plots to provide an inventory ofthe flora, and to assess variability in vegetation cover ofthe instrumented research catchments. These provide a baseliJile against which future vegetation dynamics can be compared. The tenn research catchments refers to the area because efthree instrumented catchments which were establisbed in 1984 to menitoF wateF flow and' (iJ..tlality (Willarns and Mackay, 1988 amI Ryan, Williams and: Mackay, 1988). THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENF 1. Lecation The study area is shown in Figure 1. The forest region forms part of the Glenbog State Forest in the Eden Native Forest Management Area in south eastern New Soutb Wales. The study sites are forest catchments', within compartments 2393', 2386 and 2387 in Glenbog State Forest, whicb are located within the Tantawangale, Creek catchment, some 12 km south west ofth.e town ofBemboka. These sites were, set up to monitor waterflow and' quality since it is an important catchment area for water supply for several, local towns as well as fOF being impertant for native timber production, flora and fauna habitat, and recreatiCi>H., The total study site area is of the order ef 175 ha (estimated). 2,. Geol0gy, soils and land units Ryan, Williams and Mackay (1988) have described the environment ofthe research catchments and the following draws heavily on their work. The research catchments lie on Bemboka Granodiorite. This is a coarse, even-grained granodiorite/adamellite. Most ofthe quartz censists oflarge grains which gives a felsic appearance to the rock. Biotite dominates the mafic materials. The granodiorite has a potential to produce clay-rich sesquioxid'e rich soils which are inherently relatively stable. The soils are predominantly learn to, clay lbarns in the Al horizons and classify as red earth and red podzolics on the hillcrests and grey-brown podzolics on footslopes. These soils are relatively uniform in many eftbeir properties but show some variation in sub-soil total phosphorus and hydraulic conductivity. 6 Nimmitabel • *••Bemboka NSW Bega , .Bombala - 37° S vie o 50 km Packers ID Ni rnnitabel "-'- -"" "-.. Figure 1. Location in the study area (Tantawamgalo Research Catchments) in southern New South Wales. 7 Five land elements (Figure 2) were recognized by Ryan, Williams and Mackay (op. cit.). These are:- 1 - Hillcrests with tor outcrops. 2 -" Upper slopes and ridges (with low slope angles). 3 - Steep mid- and lower-slopes, with tor outcrops. 4 - Flat ridges - saddles with low slope angles and deep soils. 5 - Footslopes and alluvial benches with deep well-leached soils. 3. Climate Many components ofclimate can be important in determining vegetation patterns. These include rainfall, temperature, frost incidence, wind and solar radiation. These are greatly modified by local topography. Climatic data is available from ,several nearby localities but Bemboka and Bombala are probably the most appropriate for the study area and these have been presented in detail elsewhere (Mills and Fanning 1988). These data suggest the mean annual rainfall is about 750 to 850 mm. Highest falls probably occur between Janumy and March. Mean summer maximum temperatures are about 24 to 25 IC and winter minima -1 to ­ 2.5IC. The frost factor is probably very important in limiting species presence in the study area. Cold air drainage is known to be an important factor in the distribution of some eucalypt species in southern New South Wales (Austin 1983). As the research catchments cover a relatively small area (approximately 175 ha) and vary by about 70 m in altitude it is thought by the present authors that much of the area has the same macroclimatic features with aspect probably the most important modifying control. 4. Vegetation The vegetation of the Tantawangalo district forms part of the South Coast and Southern Tablelands Botanical Regions (Anderson, 1968). The most significant SUlVey of the environments of the South Coast region was carried out by the C.S.I.R.O. in the 1970's and as part of this Austin (1978) sUlveyed the vegetation ~d environmental relationships ofthe area. In addition to this information Jacobs and Pickard (1981) and Jacobs and Lapinpuro (1986) list all known plant species from the region. Taxonomic terminology in this report follows the latter authorities except for ferns which follow Beadle et al. (1982). Austin's (1978) analysis gives the best overview ofthe vegetation ofthe South " Coast region. The work has a numerical analysis offloristic, physiognOmic and environmental data. Austin reCOgnized 68 plant communities and a number of complexes which he listed as: riverine, rainforest, estuarine, dune, swamp and lagoon, and heath. The predominant vegetation is sclerophyll forest dominated by one or more eucalypt species but riverine and gully areas may contain sclerophyll with a rainforest component. ---------------- 8 Mills and Fanning (1988) undertook a vegetation and soil SUlVey ofthe Tantawangalo State Forest a few kilometres south ofthe present study area. In this 153 vascular plants were identified in 18 community types and the major features of these were described in relation to environm~ntal factors. The Forestry Commission recognizes three major forest types for the study catchments. These are:- 1. Eucalyptusjastigata, with some regrowth; i1. E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua, with tree heights greater than about 30 m; and ill. E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua, with tree heights less than about 30 m. The Mills and Fanning report (l988)1 list all these forest types as occupying the wettest parts of their study region in southern Tantawangalo State Forest. Ryan, Williams and Mackay (1988) noted that there was variation invegetation cover across the experimental catchments. They describe the forest overstorey as dominated by Eucalyptusjastigata and with some E. obliqua and E. cypeUocarpa as co-dominants. The understorey is however more variable with thickets ofBedjordia arborescens, Pomaderris spp., and Olearia spp., shrub layers ofvartous species of Acacia, Tasmannia and Bursaria, open shrubland with Exocarpus, Senecio and Goodenia, sedge dominated stands with Galmia spp., and ground layers dominated by dense fernland of Bleclmum nudum and Polystichum spp. through to scattered herbs and grasses. They noted that these were not distributed evenly across their defined land units. Thus land units 1 and 2 had open understoreys with individual or small groups ofshrubs and a ground cover ofdense patches of Senecio, Goodenia or exposed litter. Unit 2 in addition had thickets ofBedjordia arborescens, PomadeTTis spp. and Olearia spp. on drainage lines. Units 3 and 4 had similar but denser understo:reys and Unit 5 had fern understorey with scattered treeferns. A number ofrare and endangered plant species are known from the South Coast Region of New South Wales. Leigh et al. (1981) devised a rating scale to describe the conservation status of rare or threatened species. These are expressed as a series ofsymbols as follows:- 2 - Species with a very restricted distribution with maximum geographic range ofless than 100 km.
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