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" ~1E~Eij~iFfi~~ SURVEY DF THE
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~ " VEGETATION SURVEY OF THE
TANTAWANGALO RESEARCH
CATCHMENTS
IN THE
EDEN FORESTRY REGION,
NEW SOUTH WALES
by
J. R. Dodson, P. G. Kodela and C. A. !'dyers
on behalf of Gunninah Consultants
for the Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Sydney
December, 1988 2
Forest Resources Series No. 4. December 1988
Published by:
-Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Wood Technology and Forest Research Division Oratava Avenue. West Pennant Hills. 2120 p.a. Box 100. Beecroft. 2119. Australia
Copyright: Forestry Commission ofNew SouthWales, 1988
ODC 182.58 (944) ISSN 1033-1220 ISBN 0 7305 5673 5 3
CONTENTS PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES 4
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION 5
THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT 5
1. Lecation 5. 2~ Geology. soils and' land Wlits 5 3~ Climate 7 4. Vegetation 7 5~ Recent land-use 9
INITIAL VEGETATION SURVEY 9:
1. Location and selection ofsurvey plots 9 2. Methods 9 3. Overview offorest structural types present 12·
DETAILED VEGETATION SURVEY 14
1. Pe1TTla11.ent plot site selection 14, 2~ Dam €011eetion 14. ,. 3~ Analysfs ofvegetation distribution on the plots 14 4. ObJeetwe elassification ofvegetation data 18\ 5'. Vegetation: o.ndJ etherfeatures ofhabitat significance' 20 6. Rare and endangered. species 21 7. Other €onslderations and recommendations 21
REFERENCES· 22
APPENDICES
1. Rare aBut endangered species in southern New South Wales· 23- 2. lLoeation descriptions of the permanent plot sites' 24 3'. Permanent plot data 26 . 4. List ofvascular. plant speeies from the catchments 57:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 62 4
" LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. PAGE NO.
Figure 1. Location ofthe study area 6
Figure 2. Location oftraEsect traverses for reconnaissance vegetation survey and distrtbNtion ofland-umt types 10
Ffiure 3. Forest vegetation coveI' ofthe Fesearch catcl1ments 13
Figure 4. Location ofpermanent plot sites 16
Figure 5. Dendrogram showing cluster analysis ofcanopy and middle-stoF€y tree data' 191
LIST OF TABLES'
TABLE NO. PAGENO~
Table 1. Specht's structural classification fOF Australian vegetation 11
Table 2. Distribution ofpermanent plots in relation to vegetation types and land units 17
Table 3. Analysis o:fvaFiance of plot site data IS'
Table 4. GroNp membership of permanent plots from clusteF analysis ofthe canopy and middle-stoFey tree data 20: 5
INTRODUCTION .. The purpose ofthis study, instigated by the Forestry Commission, was to provide a quantitative description ofthe vegetation ofthe Tantawangalo Research Catchments. The bulk of the report concerns the vegetation survey and data analysis. The initial analyses were used as a basis to place and locate 30 permanent plots to provide an inventory ofthe flora, and to assess variability in vegetation cover ofthe instrumented research catchments. These provide a baseliJile against which future vegetation dynamics can be compared.
The tenn research catchments refers to the area because efthree instrumented catchments which were establisbed in 1984 to menitoF wateF flow and' (iJ..tlality (Willarns and Mackay, 1988 amI Ryan, Williams and: Mackay, 1988).
THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENF
1. Lecation
The study area is shown in Figure 1. The forest region forms part of the Glenbog State Forest in the Eden Native Forest Management Area in south eastern New Soutb Wales. The study sites are forest catchments', within compartments 2393', 2386 and 2387 in Glenbog State Forest, whicb are located within the Tantawangale, Creek catchment, some 12 km south west ofth.e town ofBemboka. These sites were, set up to monitor waterflow and' quality since it is an important catchment area for water supply for several, local towns as well as fOF being impertant for native timber production, flora and fauna habitat, and recreatiCi>H., The total study site area is of the order ef 175 ha (estimated).
2,. Geol0gy, soils and land units
Ryan, Williams and Mackay (1988) have described the environment ofthe research catchments and the following draws heavily on their work. The research catchments lie on Bemboka Granodiorite. This is a coarse, even-grained granodiorite/adamellite. Most ofthe quartz censists oflarge grains which gives a felsic appearance to the rock. Biotite dominates the mafic materials. The granodiorite has a potential to produce clay-rich sesquioxid'e rich soils which are inherently relatively stable.
The soils are predominantly learn to, clay lbarns in the Al horizons and classify as red earth and red podzolics on the hillcrests and grey-brown podzolics on footslopes. These soils are relatively uniform in many eftbeir properties but show some variation in sub-soil total phosphorus and hydraulic conductivity. 6
Nimmitabel • *••Bemboka NSW Bega , .Bombala - 37° S
vie
o 50
km
Packers
ID Ni rnnitabel
"-'- -"" "-..
Figure 1. Location in the study area (Tantawamgalo Research Catchments) in southern New South Wales. 7 Five land elements (Figure 2) were recognized by Ryan, Williams and Mackay (op. cit.). These are:-
1 - Hillcrests with tor outcrops.
2 -" Upper slopes and ridges (with low slope angles).
3 - Steep mid- and lower-slopes, with tor outcrops.
4 - Flat ridges - saddles with low slope angles and deep soils.
5 - Footslopes and alluvial benches with deep well-leached soils.
3. Climate
Many components ofclimate can be important in determining vegetation patterns. These include rainfall, temperature, frost incidence, wind and solar radiation. These are greatly modified by local topography. Climatic data is available from ,several nearby localities but Bemboka and Bombala are probably the most appropriate for the study area and these have been presented in detail elsewhere (Mills and Fanning 1988). These data suggest the mean annual rainfall is about 750 to 850 mm. Highest falls probably occur between Janumy and March. Mean summer maximum temperatures are about 24 to 25 IC and winter minima -1 to 2.5IC. The frost factor is probably very important in limiting species presence in the study area. Cold air drainage is known to be an important factor in the distribution of some eucalypt species in southern New South Wales (Austin 1983).
As the research catchments cover a relatively small area (approximately 175 ha) and vary by about 70 m in altitude it is thought by the present authors that much of the area has the same macroclimatic features with aspect probably the most important modifying control.
4. Vegetation
The vegetation of the Tantawangalo district forms part of the South Coast and Southern Tablelands Botanical Regions (Anderson, 1968). The most significant SUlVey of the environments of the South Coast region was carried out by the C.S.I.R.O. in the 1970's and as part of this Austin (1978) sUlveyed the vegetation ~d environmental relationships ofthe area. In addition to this information Jacobs and Pickard (1981) and Jacobs and Lapinpuro (1986) list all known plant species from the region. Taxonomic terminology in this report follows the latter authorities except for ferns which follow Beadle et al. (1982).
Austin's (1978) analysis gives the best overview ofthe vegetation ofthe South " Coast region. The work has a numerical analysis offloristic, physiognOmic and environmental data. Austin reCOgnized 68 plant communities and a number of complexes which he listed as: riverine, rainforest, estuarine, dune, swamp and lagoon, and heath. The predominant vegetation is sclerophyll forest dominated by one or more eucalypt species but riverine and gully areas may contain sclerophyll with a rainforest component. ------
8
Mills and Fanning (1988) undertook a vegetation and soil SUlVey ofthe Tantawangalo State Forest a few kilometres south ofthe present study area. In this 153 vascular plants were identified in 18 community types and the major features of these were described in relation to environm~ntal factors.
The Forestry Commission recognizes three major forest types for the study catchments. These are:-
1. Eucalyptusjastigata, with some regrowth; i1. E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua, with tree heights greater than about 30 m; and ill. E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua, with tree heights less than about 30 m.
The Mills and Fanning report (l988)1 list all these forest types as occupying the wettest parts of their study region in southern Tantawangalo State Forest.
Ryan, Williams and Mackay (1988) noted that there was variation invegetation cover across the experimental catchments. They describe the forest overstorey as dominated by Eucalyptusjastigata and with some E. obliqua and E. cypeUocarpa as co-dominants. The understorey is however more variable with thickets ofBedjordia arborescens, Pomaderris spp., and Olearia spp., shrub layers ofvartous species of Acacia, Tasmannia and Bursaria, open shrubland with Exocarpus, Senecio and Goodenia, sedge dominated stands with Galmia spp., and ground layers dominated by dense fernland of Bleclmum nudum and Polystichum spp. through to scattered herbs and grasses. They noted that these were not distributed evenly across their defined land units. Thus land units 1 and 2 had open understoreys with individual or small groups ofshrubs and a ground cover ofdense patches of Senecio, Goodenia or exposed litter. Unit 2 in addition had thickets ofBedjordia arborescens, PomadeTTis spp. and Olearia spp. on drainage lines. Units 3 and 4 had similar but denser understo:reys and Unit 5 had fern understorey with scattered treeferns.
A number ofrare and endangered plant species are known from the South Coast Region of New South Wales. Leigh et al. (1981) devised a rating scale to describe the conservation status of rare or threatened species.
These are expressed as a series ofsymbols as follows:-
2 - Species with a very restricted distribution with maximum geographic range ofless than 100 km.
3 - Species with a range of over 100 km inAustralia, but occurring only in small populations which are mainly restricted to highly specific habitats.
v - Vulnerable species not presently endangered, but at risk over a longer period.
R- Species which are rare in Australia, but which are not currently considered endangered or vulnerable.
E- Endangered species in serious danger ofdisappearing from the wild state within one or two decades.
1 Mills and Fanning (1988). Internal Report. Forestry Commission of New South Wales 9 K- Poorly known species that are suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to any ofthe above categories.
C- Species known to be represented in National Parks or or other reselVes.
The rare and endangered species lmown from the region and their ratings are given in Appendix 1. This is a composite list taken from the Forestry Commission (1983) and Mills (1985).
5. Recent land-use
A small part of compartment 2387 was logged for saw logs in the 1960's and the only other Significant disturbance has been wlldfires, especially in the period 1930 1952 (Forestry Commission records). The latter have resulted in substantial regrowth in places where the overstorey was ldlled. The present study forms a baseline against which regrowth and othervegetation dynamics can be monitored by after haIVestlng.
During the course of the field work upgrading and establishment oftracks and log dump sites was under-way prior to planned logging operations.
INITIAL VEGETATION SURVEY
1. Location and selection ofsurvey plots
'!\vo kinds of sample sites were used in the study, non-permanent and permanent plots. The non-permanent plots were part of the reconnaissance survey as a check of the vegetation cover as described in the various reports ofthe area and were vegetation descriptions obtained at selected points ofthe study area dictated by the forest type map and road access. The locations of the survey transects are given in Figure 2. Thirty permanent plots were established on the basis ofthe reconnaissance and were selected to represent as much detail as possible of the inherent vegetation Variability ofthe area. This variability and its analysis is deSCribed in Section 4.
2. Methods
A reconnaissance sUlVey was made across the area between the 3rd and 5th of November, 1988. This consisted offield checks ofvegetation cover against a Forestry Commission vegetation map. The sites were chosen to cover a variety of land unit types and also consisted of spot checks made on foot across the study area. At each site the following information was recorded:-
1. structural formation of the forest: ii. forest tree composition based on identification of the 10 nearest tree species; and ill. understorey form and major species presence.
Vegetation structure was determined following the terminology of Specht (1981), shown in Table I, which uses a classification based on height of the tallest life-form and an estimate of its crown cover. hillcrests with tor outcrops upper slopes steep mid and lower slopes with tor outcrops flat ridges and saddles lootslopes and alluvial benches
ROBINSONS ROAD
.-' -+<: ",;.; ...... \ " < 'Co' '- ...... - . ,
...... o I' \ ---~ SOLOMONS ROAD .--.. .If .....:rr /.,,!.,====- ...-...... <_--
'"
o 500 metres \
nc-e2. The location offorestry roads and ofthe reconnaissance survey transects through the Tantawangalo Research Catchments. Also indicated are the land units ofRyan. Wil]fams & Mackay (1988). Dashed lines indicate the catchment boundaries. FoIl-ee Projective Cover ofTIlIIeIt Stratum
life form of 100-70% 70-50% SO-30% 30-10% 10% ta1leIt ItnIIWD (4)1 (3+) (3-) (2) (1)
TreeI· 30m (T)If Tall OOled-forat Tallf~1t (Tall open-forest)c (Tallwoodland)c TreeI 10-30 m (M) OOled F Sluubs· 2m (S) Oosed ..crub Scrub Open-scrub Tall sluublmd Tall open sIuubI.md Sluubs 0.25-2 m Scleropbyllous (Z) Oosed-beathlmd HealhlaDd Open-bealhlaDd Sluublmd Open-shrublmd Noo-Sc:leropbylloos (C) - - Low sluubland Lowsluubland Low open-tluubland Sluubs O.2Sm Scleropbyllous (D) - - - Dwarf open-heathland Dwarf open~1And (fell-field) (fell-f"1eld) Noo-5clerophyllous (W) - Dwarf Sluublmd Dwan open-sluublmd - - ~ ~ Hummock gruses (H)- - - Hummock grasslmd Open hummock gruslmd HeJba •A tree is defined as a woody pllnt UIUally with a single stem; a sluub is a woody plant usually with many Items arising at or near the base. #I Symbols andnumben given in parentheses may be used to desaibe the fonna1ioo, e.g. tall closed-f « Senescent phases r:LTall forest Table 1. Structural formations in Australia (modified from Specht) 12 3. Overview ojjorest structural types present The preliminary data were compared with the forest type data and general descriptions ofvegetation cover described in Ryan. WnUams and Mackay (1988). The main differences found in the present study were that there was generally little evidence of eucalypt regrowth (below mid-storey height) and that a further three vegetation types could be identified as \\reIl as three additional eucalypt species. Field obseIVations suggest that the two predominant forest formations were Eucalyptus jastigata open-forest and forests ofthe valley and lower lying parts ofthe landscape with E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua open-forest along the ridgelines. The understorey of the E.jasttgataforests typically consisted of dense mid-storey closed forest and low closed-forest domtnated by Becifordia arborescens - Pomadenis aspera - Acacia melanoxylon and Olearta argophyUa with orwithout a femland ground cover. The E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua open-forests typically had a more open understorey dominated by Tasmannia lanceolata and heathland or grassland. However along all boundary areas both forest type and understorey intergraded. The lack ofeucalypt regrowth was most pronounced in the E. jastigata domtnated areas and appeared to be due to the dense understorey. Such vegetation is considered limiting to eucalypts because ofinsufficient light reaching the forest floor. In general it was found that many E. obltqua trees tended to be lcuge while other eucalypt species had a larger range of size classes ofindividuals. This could suggest that there has been a tendency for E. obliqua to be replaced by other species as a process of long term natural change in vegetation patterns in the area. The western end of the area had more E. cypellocarpa - E. obliqua forest than appeared on the Forestry Commission forest type map. This was in keeping with the overall vegetation interpretation ofthis community occupying the ridge-lines. presumably because ofthe slightly drier conditions and better drainage. It was found however that while these two eucalypts dominated such situations E. jastigata was often present as well. Eucalyptus radiata was found admixed with E. cypellocarpa, E. obliqua and some E. jastigata on a south facing slope ofthe highest point along the Ceb Weir Road. An unusual occurrence was that of E. elata found along some east facing ridge-lines (e. g. the western-most ridge-line of the area near Plot No.11). It was typically mixed with E. cypeUocarpa - E. obliqua open forest. E. elata is known as river peppermtnt and is usually confined to gully situations (Costermans 1981); presumably the relatively protected east facing slopes enabled this species to occupy such areas. A stand of E. stebertwas found near the intersection of Robinson and Willbob Weir roads. scattered individuals were also found on a slope of simUar aspect further east (e. g. near Plot 23). A further eucalypt found was E. ba4Jensts which was obseIVed scattered through some gully and lower slope situations (e. g. nearWicks Weir). Of special interest was the occurrence of a gully rainforest dominated by Elaeocarpus Iwlopetalus near Ceb Weir. at the eastern edge of the study area. Figure 3 shows a preUmtnary revision of the forest type map for the research catchments. E. fast/gata - open forest and tall open forest E. cypellocarpa cl E. obllqua - open forest E. rad/ata - open forest ....". E. s/eber/ - open forest ": ':::::::::::::~E/aeocarpus h%peta/us - closed forest p"~ WICKS END WEIR / .... : ". _- ....,: I: ~" ~ ---." ... .' ...... A '. - .. , ". --~ ; ...... ::::-0.:', .' .... ~ ...... '. , .... " \ CESS WEIR ...... ,#,. .. , ~ w : ;.A..- r-···· .....·· EAST ··>~.:~;;.~~k.. '... • "'j ••••••••• ' .•..•.•.•..••.•••..... I / " / " ", ...... " o 500 metres Ftgare S. Vegetation map of the Tantawangalo Research Catchments based on the dom1nant tree sPecies. Locations of the land units from Figure 2 are indicated by the dotted lines. 14 DETAILED VEGETATION SURVEY 1. Permanent plot site selection The main forest types across the area were distributed in such a way as to indicate, on a first approximation basis, that the major control on forest cover was aspect and land unit position. On this basis it was decided to place the permanent plots in each of the three research catchments mainly in relation to the land unit but also keeping in mind the need to sample each of the catchments adequately and if possible in such a way that reasonable access was maintained. The catchments (Figure 2) are identified as Wilbob, Wicks End and Cebs to follow existing nomenclatures. The plot sites are shown in Figure 4 and Appendix 2 lists detailed locational data for all plots which were positioned and sampled between the 4th and 13th of November, 1988. Table 2 lists the distribution of plots in relation to catchments, land units and broad vegetation types. The few months prior to sampling were relatively dry and warmer than usual which could have influenced species representation, particularly ephemeral or seasonal ground-storey taxa. 2. Data collection In each permanent plot a detailed vegetation survey was carried out. The plot sites were pre-selected and located as accurately as possible in the field after being positioned on a base map so as to m1n.1m1ze bias in survey data. Each plot was marked with a star picket with the top painted green. The plots were circular with a radius of 20 m, except for Plots 12 and 25 where a radius of25 m was used because of the low tree densities. Within each plot features ofenvironmental and biological Significance were recorded. These included altitude, aspect, slope, vegetation structure, date of sampling, features of possible habitat significance for fauna, and 4 categories of species data. The last included canopy tree density and size data, mid-storey tree density and size data, and cover abundance for ground-storey and shrubs. Every woody trunk with circumference greater than 30 cm for every tree in the plots was identified to species level and its circumference at breast height (1.3 m above ground) over the bark was measured. Separate trunks were measured ifthey branched below breast height. Canopy and middle-storey trees and shrubs were recorded separately. Smaller trees and shrubs, 1. e. those with a circumference less than 30 cm at breast height but over 50 cm in height were also recorded separately as were ground-cover and smaller shrubs which were defined as all plants less than 50 cm tall. While canopy and mid-storey tree data was collected for the whole plot the other strata were measured as percentage cover estimates within five randomly chosen 4 x 4 m quadrats. The latter were chosen to represent as much vartabilty within the plots as possible. The processed data for each plot is given in Append1x3. 3. Analysis ofvegetation distribution on the plots Table 2 shows the distribution of permanent plot sites in relation to placement in catchments, land-unit position and forest type as identified in Section 3. As far as could be determined before sampling the 30 plots were placed to cover each of the main forest types and to be located through the catchments and land-unit types approximately in relation to the area of these. For this reason one plot was located 15 in each ofthe Elaeocarpus holopetalus closed-forest and Eucalyptus sieberi open forest stands, and two in the E. radiata stand. An analysis of variance was carried out to see ifthere was significant vegetation variation between catchments and land-units. Since the ground-storey cover was not obviously different across the study sites the analysis was carried out on the canopy tree data. The procedure ANOVA in SPSSX (Norusis, 1985) was used. The results are given in Table 3 and from these it can be seen that no species were preferentially distributed within any of the catchments. Only Eucalyptus cypellocarpa and E. bacYensts had any distribution strongly influenced by land-unit position. While E. cypellocarpa had significantly greater basal areas in upper slope areas (land-Units one and two) E. bac:Yensts was more prominent in land-unit positions four and five...... -, , ~' ..... / ~....._-.... .- ...... ' 0 ...... , WICKS END WEIR ....- ,- --- I I I I ...... I' I / A / I' I' .....---'\ ...... I -_.-...... 4 ~ ...... ~'-, -- \.:J ...... , 0 7 ...... \/, ....." ..0 12 ~. -., . '-...... " ...... ~ '--,( .---.:c , ,.><: ~_...... _. 0 ,...... J\( <:122 / -, e ° I-' r"0 \ 0 21 \, "'-. -0-.-_-_-;...... 0'1 ,." ----C11 .\ '~---2.-'"13.~~(,,, ------/_ !) . 20 . ~/ 24 ., j, . /' ,/ .," 0a1,. , '.'7" '--, 14 A" / ( . \\ . / .....-/"...... <-~ I \ _ '_ \. . 0 18 / ""~ / ' '\. I / "' ..:." 15 ...... ~ / o 500 \~ : \ ''(:) I metres '17<·- 16, I \ ....-,-0 / ' '- , ..... Figure 4. Locations ofthe permanent monitoring plots in the Tantawangalo Research Catchments study area. Marker trees are indicated by the black dots; plots by the numbered circles. 17 Table 2. Distribution ofpennanent plots in relation to catchment. land-unit and forest type. Plot No. Catchment Land-unit Forest type 1 Wicks End 5 Eucalyptusjasttgata 2 Wicks End 5 E. cypellocarpa/E.obliqua 3 Wicks End 5 ., E.jasttgata 4 Wicks End 1 E. CYIJe.llocarpa/E.obliqua 5 Wicks End 4 E.jasttgaia 6 Wicks End 4 . E.jasttgaia 7 Wicks End 4 E.jasttgaia 8 Wicks End 3 E. cypellocarpa/E.obliqua 9 Wicks End 3 E.jasttgata 10 Wicks End 3 E.jasttgata . 11 Wilbob 1 E. cypeUocarpa/E.obliqua 12 Wilbob 1 E.jasttgaia 13 Wilbob 3 E.jasttgaia 14 Wilbob 1 E.jasttgata 15 Wilbob 1 E. cypeUocarpa/E.obliqua 16 Wilbob 1 E. cypeUocarpa/E.obliqua 17 Wilbob 2 E. cypellocarpa/E.obliqua 18 Wilbob 1 E. cypeUocarpa/E.obliqua 19 Wil1;>ob 1 E.jasttgaia 20 Wilbob 1 E.jasttgaia 21 Wilbob 4 E.jasttgaia 22 Wilbob 4 E. sieberi/E.obliqua " 23 Cebs 3 E. cypellocarpa/E.obliqua 24 Cebs 3 E. cypellocarpa/E.obliqua 25 Cebs 1 E. radiata/E.jasttgaia 26 Cebs 1 E. radiata/E.jasttgaia 27 Cebs· . 3 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 28 Cebs 3 Eucalyptusjasttgata 29 Cebs 4 E.jas.ttgata 30 Cebs 3 E.jasttgaia 18 Table 3. Analysis of variance of canopy tree basal area data in relation to catchment and land-unit position. . SlgnJflcance ofF Species catclmient Land-unit Elaeocarpus lwlopetalus 0.261 0.810 Eucalyptus cypeUocarpa 0.865 0.029* E. elata 0.431 0.797 E. fasttgata 0.441 0.244 E.obliqua 0.494 0.463 E. Tadlata 0.408 0.865 E.sieberi 0.408 0.729 E. bacYensis 0.203 0.003** * and ** are used to show statistically significantly different distributions. 4. Objective classtft.catton ofthe vegetation data In order to test the intuitive vegetation classification described in Section 3.3, and to show the pennanent plot data in a set ofordered inter-relationships, a cluster analysis was carried out on the canopy and middle-storey tree abundance data. The procedure Cluster in SPSSX (Norusis, 1985) was employed using the squared euclidean dif;itance measure and Ward's method to cluster cases. The dendrogram is shown in Figure 5 and Table 4 gives group D;lembership ofthe clusters shown in Figure 5. ------19 Rescaled Distance Cluster Com1;>ine 00 05 10 15 20 25 Group Plot 5 7 11 25 8 18 26 3 20 22 23 24 21 4 4 13 5 27 1 1 28 19 14 "- 12 29 2 10 17 2 3 9 16 15 30 6 Figure 5. Dendrogram shOw1ng cluster analysis ofcanopy and middle-storey tree data 20 Table 4. Group membership of permanent plots identified by cluster analysis. Group No. Permanent Plot membership 1 1,14,19,28 2 2,3,6,9,10,12,15,16,17,29,30 3 4,5,7,8,11,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 4 13 5 27 Group 1 consists ofplots with E.fasttgata predominant while Group 3 consists of plots with E. cypeUocarpa and E. obliqua in high abundance. These groupings are in agreement with those described in Section 3. However Group 2 is identified as those'plots having high quantities ofE.fasttgatll and E. cypeUocarpa. The latter group is a measure ofthe intergradation in forest types described in Section 3. Groups 4 and 5 contain single plots which are dominated by Elaeocwpus holopetlllus and E. jasttgatll (but separated from Group 1 on the basis of a large Bedjordia arborescens understorey). Since the latter logically belongs to Group 1 it is treated here as such. In short the results are interpreted as indicating four major forest types based on canopy and middle-storey trees. 5. Vegetlltton and otherfeatures ojhabitllt stgnfftcance A number ofareas, particularly thoSe with large E. obliqua individuals, contained trees with partly hollow trunks and limbs. These are important for tree dwelling mammals and as nesting sites. Consideration'~tbe given to preserve these where possible, especially since they are unlikely to have much value as saw logs. Other important habitats for arboreal mammals and birds includes moist forest types incorporating species with high nutrient content. The Forestry Commission (1982) lists Eucalyptus cypellocarpa and E. elatll as indicator species ofsuch , habitats and muc~ ofthe present area comes within this classification. Groups ofgranite boulders were found to have special habitat significance. These areas provided micro-habitats for a number offems and herbs including Stellariajlaccida, Lepidospenna uroplwrum, Microsorum diversifolium, Asplenium jlabeUifolium and Dendrobium striolatum. In fact the lastthree named species appear to be restricted to such sites in the area. This habitat would not be affected by present management practices. 21 6. Rare and endangered species Other than E. badjensis no rare or endangered species were found in any of the .ta, plots and this will be protected by existing management. However Parsonsia stramtnea vines have apparently not been reported this far south before which is in itself an interesting finding. 7. Other considerations and recommendations Moist gullies are commonly lined by tree ferns and have a fern understorey and occasional vines. The habitat significance ofsuch sites is indicated by the occurrence offilmy ferns and a rich Bryophyte flora, as found near Cebs Weir. It would appear that Forestry Commission gUide-lines of protecting vegetation along watercourses to control erosion and protect water quality should also protect this kind of habitat. A feature ofthe region is the abundance ofseedling Elaeocwpus hDlopetalus which are presumably spread by birds and may become more widespread with exclusion offire. This cool temperate rainforest type occurs also in small stands in Nalbaugh and Mt Imlay National Parks and Egan Peaks Nature Reserve (Keith, pers. comm. 1988). The community with similar composition except no Acacia dealbata is well sampled inWerrinook Flora Reserve (No. 118) about 15 km north and described byA. G. Floyd as ''the best example ofthis type ofrainforest to occur in N.S.W." This community would be protected under current operational gUidelines at Eden and more formal preservation seems unnecessary. Examples ofEucalyptusJastigata are currently sampled in following preserved areas on the South Coast:- Brown Mountain F.R No. 4 Mt. Dromedary F. R No. 7 Tennyson Creek F.R No. 14 Nunnock Swamp F.R No. 74 Werrinook F.R No. 118 Monga F.R No. 134 Waratah Creek Forest Preserve No. 259. This forest type is considered adequately sampled in their preserves. 22 REFERENCES Anderson, RH. (1968). The trees ofNew South Wales. Govt. Printer, Sydney. Austin, M. (1978). Vegetation In: (RH. Gunn (ed.)) Land Use on the South Coast of New South Wales. Vo1. 2, C.S.LRO., Canberra. Austin, M. (1983). Altitudinal distribution ofseveral eucalypt species in relation to environmental factors in southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Ecology 8:169-180. Beadle. N.C.W., Evans, O.D. and Carolin, RC. (1982). Flora ofthe Sydney Region. Reed, French's Forest. 300 edition. Costennans, L. (1981). Native trees and shrubs ofsouth-eastemAustralia. Rigby Publishers, Sydney. Forestry Commission of N.S.W. (1982). Eden Native Forest Management Plan. forestry Commission of N.S.W., Sydney. Jacobs. S. and Pickard, J. (1981). Plants ofNew South Wales. Govt. Printer, Sydney. Jacobs, S. and Lapinpuro, L. (1986). Alterations to the Census ofNew South Wales Plants. Telopia 2:705-714. Leigh, J., BrJggs, J. and Hartley, W. (1981). Rare or threatened Australian plants. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service Special Publication No. 7, Canberra. Mills, K. (1985). Vegetation survey ofthe proposed Shoalhaven - Moruya No. 2 132kVTransmission Line. Electricity Commission ofN.S.W. Norusls, M.J. (1985). SPSSXAdvanced Statistics Guide. McGraw-Hill. New York. Ryan, P.J., Williams, R.D. and Mackay, S.M. (1988). Soil and vegetation Variability in relation to terrain ofTantawangalo Research Catchments. Manuscript submitted for publication. Specht. RL. (1981). Foliage projective cover and standing biomass. In: AN. Gillison and D.J. Anderson (eds.) Vegetation classification inAustralia. Australian National University Press, Canberra. Williams, RD. and Mackay, S.M. (1988). Hydrology and water quality of Tantawangalo catchment. For. Eco1. Manage. (In press) 23 Appendix 1. Rare and endangered plant species ofthe South Coast Botanical Sub-Division. Species Rating Acacia constablei 2K A. covenyi 2K A. subtilinervis 3V Boronia subulifolia 2RC Callistemon subulatus 3RC Correa baeuerlenii 2V Cryptostylis hunterana 3EC DUlwynia stipulifera 3RC Dodonaea rhombifolia 3RC Eucalyptus bacYensis 2RC E. dendromorpha Not known E. imlayensis 2VC E. kartzojft.ana 2V E. 'langleyi' Not known E. stenostoma 2R E. sturgissiana 2VC E. triflora 2RC Eucryphia moorei 3VC Genoplesium baueri 3RC Goodenia glomerata 2RC GreviUea barklyana 3RC Hakea macraena 3RC Haloragodendron bauerlenii 3RC Isopogon prostratus 3VC Leptospermum epacridoideum 2R Leucopogon amplexicaulis 3RC Phebalium carruthersii 3V P. ralstonii ,2RC Plinthanthesis rodwayi 3V Pomaderrts cinerea 3V P. paucfjlora 3RC Prasophyllum exiguum 3V Pultenaea baeuerlenii 2E Restio longipes 3V Rulingea hermannifolia 3RC Rupicola gnidioides 2VC Sphaerocionium lyallii 3R Typhonium eliosurum 3E Zieria granulata 2V 24 Appendix 2. Location descriptions ofthe pennanent plot sites. These notes should be read in conjunctionwith Figure 4. Plot Site description No. 1 600 m north onWicks Weir Rd. 35 m on bearing 2550 from marked Euca]yptusfastigata tree. 2 123 m upstream from Wicks Weir and 200 m up-slope. 3 35 m on bearing 2730 from Plot No. 1. 4 200 m from Plot 12. 5 At junction ofRobinsons. Wicks Weir and Cebs Weir Rds., 65 m on bearing 3170 from marked E. fastigata. 6 1400 m along Robinsons Rd., 30 m on bearing 3270 from marked E.fastigata.. 7 1100 m along Robinsons Rd., 35 m north ofmarked E.fastigata on the edge ofthe log-dump. 8 50 m along Wicks Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 40 m at bearing 750 from marked E. cypellocwpa. 9 128 m along Wicks Weir Rd., 100 m onbearing 2750 from marked E. fastigata. 10 60 m from Plot 9 on bearing 2340 . 11 100 m south along Solomons Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 50 m on bearing 2420 • 12 45 m at bearing 340 from marked E.fastigata. 13 200 m south along Wilbob Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 80 m at bearing 2700 from marked E. cypeUocwpa. 14 350 m south along Wilbob Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 80 m at bearing 2700 from m~ked E.fastigata. 15 1100 m south along Solomons Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 60 m at bearing 550 from marked E. cypellocwpa. 16 38 m on bearing 500 from marked E.fastigatatree at end of Solomons Rd. 17 1300 m along Solomons Rd. from Robinsons Rd.• 65 m on bearing 3300 from marked E.fastigata. 18 850 m along Solomons Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 42 m on bearing 700 from marked E. obltqua. 25 19 300 m east along Robinsons Rd. from Solomons Rd., 75 m at bearing 1950 from marked E.fastigata. :11, 20 450 m'east along Robinsons Rd. from Solomons Rd., 60 m at bearing 1250 from marked E. obliqua. t! 21 1100 m east along Robinsons Rd. from Solomons Rd., 50 m at bearing 1800 from tree with solar panels. 22 120 m east along Robinsons Rd. from WUbob Weir Rd., 40 m at bearing 1370'from marked E. sieberL 23 150 m uphill from Plot 29 at bearing 1350. 24 60 m uphill from Plot 23 at bearing 1350. 25 200 m along Cebs Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 25 m at bearing 1650 from marked E. radiata. 26 212 m along Cebs Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 22 m at bearing 800 from marked E. radfata. 27 800 m along Cebs Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 27 m at bearing 340 from marked Elaeocarpus lwlopetalus. 28 550 m along Cebs Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 50 m at bearing 1450 from marked Eucalyptus obliqua. 29 Junction ofRobinsons and Wicks/Cebs Weir Rds., 100 m at bearing 1350 from marked E.fasttgata. 30 253 m along Cebs Weir Rd. from Robinsons Rd., 110 m at bearing 1530 from marked E. cypellocarpa. 26 Appendix 3. The following pages contain the processed permanent plot data for 30 permanent plots. The data includes physical site characteristics, vegetation structure and the vegetation data. The figures for basal area and stem density of canopy and trees with girth at breast height greater than 30 cm have been calculated on a per hectare basis. The abundance of all other taxa are shown as mean cover estimates based on a min:fmum offive 4 x 4 m quadrats. 27 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 1 Altitude: 815 m Aspect: 2830 Slope: 130 ;0. Date of Sampling: 4/11/88 Forest type: Forest/tall forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus badjensis .53 15.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 58.74 175.1 Acacia dealbata I 1.29 111.4 Bedfordia arborescensl .98 87.6 Dicksonia antarctica I 1.78 23.9 Pomaderris aspera .06 7.9 Prostanthera lasianthos .49 47.8 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 7.0 Stellaria flaccida 0.8 Dicksonia antarctica 2.0 Unident. Grass 1 0.6 Pomaderris aspera 29.0 Viola hederacea 0.6 Prostanthera lasianthos 10.0 Tasmannia lanceolata. 33.2 Ground-storey Blechnum nudum 17.0 Clematis aristata 0.6 Coprosma quadrifida 10.0 Cotula filicula 0.2 Deyeuxia sp. aff. crassiuscula 0.2 Dianella tasmanica 0.4 Dichondra repens 0.4 Gahnia sieberana 9.2 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.6 Lagenifera stipitata 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 1.8 Libertia paniculata 0.4 Lomandra longifolia 0.4 Olearia phlogopappa 0.4 Oxalis corniculata 0.2 Poa labillardieri 1.6 Polystichum proliferum 5.0 Pteridium esculentum 0.8 Sambucus australasica 0.2 28 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 2 Altitude: 857 m Aspect: 1050 Slope: 40 Date of Sampling: 4/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 28.02 47.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 18.37 55.7 Eucalyptus obliqua 8.73 71.6 Acacia dealbata 1.59 143.2 Bedfordia arborescens 1.49 159.2 Dicksonia antarctica .53 8.0 Pomader:r:is aspera .07 8.0 Prostanthera lasianthos .22 23.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 9.0 Bedfordia arborescens 23.0 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 0.4 Pomaderris aspera 31.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 8.4 Ground-storey Billardieria scandens 0.2 Blechnum nudum 0.2 Clematis aristata 0.4 Coprosma quadrifida 4.8 Dianella caerulea 0.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 4.4 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.8 Lagenifera stipitata 0.2 Lepidosperma laterale 1.6 Lomandra longifolia 5.2 Poa A 0.8 'J Polystichum proliferum 1.4 pteridium esculentum 2.4 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Viola hederacea 0.2 29 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH· CATCHMENTS Plot No: 3 Altitude: 821 m Aspect: 1000 Slope: 40 Date of Sampling: 9/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus badjensis 21.44 119.4 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa .24 8.0 Eucalyptus fastigata 41.92 191.0 Acacia dealbata 1.37 111.4 Bedfordia arborescens 5.13 485.4 Dicksonia antarctica .52 23.9 Prostanthera lasianthos, .19 15.9 I I I I I I Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 6.0 Senecio linearifolius 0.2 Bedfordia arborescens 9.0 Stellaria flaccida 1.2 Coprosma quadrifida 11.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 2.8 Dicksonia antarctica 4.0 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Lomatia myricoides 0.4 Viola hederacea 0.2 Olearia phlogopappa 0.4 Pittosporum bicolor 2.0 Pomaderris aspera 14.0 Prosanthera lasianthos 1.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 21.0 Ground-storey Acacia dealbata (juv.) 0.2 Asperula scoparia 0.8 Billardieria scandens 0.2 Blechnum nudum 20.2 Clematis aristata 1.0 Coprosma quadrifida 0.6 Eucalyptus fastigata (juv.) 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 4.0 Geranium homeanum 0.8 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.6 Lagenifera stipitata 0.4 Lomatia myricoides 0.2 Poa A 1.8 Polystichum proliferum 8.4 Pteridium esculentum 0.4 30 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 4 Altitude: 960 m Aspect: 1900 Slope: 80 a, Date of Sampling: 7/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest/forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 13.50 87.5 Eucalyptus fastigata 2.61 39.8 Eucalyptus obliqua 55.36 151.2 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 17.4 Lagenifera stipitata 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 3.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.6 Daviesia ulicifolia 3.0 Lomandra longifolia 2.0 Exocarpus strictus 6.0 Olearia argophylla 0.2 Leucopogon lanceolata 3.0 Olearia megalophyl1.a 0.6 Olearia megalophylla 1.4 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Pimelea ligustrina 0.4 poa B 1.4 Pomaderris aspera 3.0 Poranthera microphylla 0.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 8.0 pteridium esculentum 6.4 Senecio linearifolius 0.4 Ground-storey Smilax australis 1.0 Acacia dealbata (juv.) 0.6 Stellaria flaccida 0.4 Asperula scoparia 0.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.6 Billardieria scandens 0.8 Tylophora barbata 0.2 Carex breviculmis 0.6 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Clematis aristata 0.8 Veronica calycina 0.2 Comesperma volubile 0.2 Viola hederacea 1.4 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Cotula filicula 0.2 Daviesia ulicifolia 2.6 Dianella tasmanica 20.4 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.4 Exocarpus strictus 0.2 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 0.8 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.8 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.0 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.0 31 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 5 Altitude: 859 m Aspect: 3270 Slope: 7° Date of Sampling: 11/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 8.81 47.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 19.05 55.7 Eucalyptus obliqua 14.48 23.9 Acacia melanoxylon .50 55.7 Bedfordia arborescens 1.88 159.2 Hakea eriantha 1.20 87.5 Prostanthera lasianthos .06 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 0.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 Bedfordia arborescens 9.0 Lomandra longifolia 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Pomaderris aspera (juv.) 0.2 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 pteridium esculentum 2.0 Goodenia ovata 2.2 Sambucus australasica 0.2 Hakea (;?riantha 12.0 Smilax australis 1.6 Notelaea venosa 6.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.2 Olearia argophylla 10.0 Viola hederacea 0.6 Persoonia silvatica 4.0 Pomaderris aspera 11.0 Pomaderris ligustrina 5.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 16.0 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.2 Billardieria scandens 0.2 Blechnum wattsii 0.4 Clematis aristata 1.2 Coprosma quadrifida 0.8 Dianella tasmanica 2.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.6 Eucalyptus sp. (juv•) 0.6 Gahnia sieberana 19.4 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Goodenia ovata 1.4 Hierochloe rar~flora 1.2 Lepidosperma laterale 5.0 32 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 6 Altitude: 880 m Aspect: 3470 Slope: 120 Date of Sampling: 7/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 23.19 31.8 Eucalyptus elata .67 15.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 50.23 230.8 Acacia melanoxylon 1.88 191.0 Bedfordia arborescens 4.11 389.9 Hakea eriantha .08 8.0 Olearia argophylla .21 15.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 9.,0 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Bedfordia arborescens 24.0 Viola hederacea 1.0 Bursaria spinosa 0.4 Coprosma quadr.ifida 11.0 Exocarpus strictus 1.0 Goodenia ovata 4.0 Olearia argophylla 15.2 Pomaderris aspera 1.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 6.0 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.6 Asperula scoparia 0.2 Clematis aristata 1.8 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Cyathea australis 1.0 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 3.4 Galium propinquum 0.4 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.2 Goodenia ovata 0.8 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 9.0 Lomandra longifolia 1.2 pteridium esculentum 1.6 Smilax australis 4.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.0 Tylophora barbata 2.4 33 ?ERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 7 Altitude: 902 m Aspect: 550 Slope: 3° Date of Sampling: 11/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Eucalyptus cypellocarpal 7.57 8.0 Eucalpytus fastigata 18.44 143.2 Eucalyptus obliqua 13.66 31.8 Acacia melanoxylon 3.56 254.7 Bedfordia arborescens 1.44 151.2 Pomaderris aspera .23 23.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Bedfordia arborescens 16.0 Smilax australis 2.0 Bursaria spinosa 2.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 14.4 Tylophora barbata 0.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 2.0 Veronica calycina 0.2 Goodenia ovata 3.4 Viola hederacea 2.0 Olearia argophylla 13.0 Pomaderris aspera 16.4 Prostanthera lasianthos 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 6.2 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.6. Billardieria scandens 0.2 Clematis aristata 1.2 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 4.2 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 0.6 Gonocarpus tepcrioides 0.2 Goodenia ovata 0.2 Hierochloe rariflora 1.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.8 Lagenifera stipitata 0.6 Lepidosperma laterale 5.6 Lomandra longifolia 1.2 Parsonsia straminea 0.2 Prostanthera lasianthos 0.2 pteridium esculentum 4.4 34 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 8 Altitude: 863 m Aspect: 2200 Slope: 3° Date of Sampling: 10/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest CanopY' Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (mZ /ha) (mZ /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa l 6.54 103.5 Eucalyptus fastigata 13.21 103.5 Eucalyptus obliqua 23.34 31.8 Eucalyptus radiata 1.73 23.9 Acacia melanoxylon 1.13 119.4 Bedfordia arborescens .13 15.9 Hakea eriantha .31 31.8 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 1.0 Lepidosperma laterale 2.6 Acacia melanoxylon 13.0 Lomandra longifolia 1.6 Bursaria spinosa 5.4 Lycopodium deuterodensum 2.2 Coprosma quadrifida 1.4 Poa B 0 ..8 Goodenia ovata 2.0 Pteridium esculentum 0.8 Hakea eriantha 5.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.4 Hedycarya angustifolia 3.0 Viola hederacea 0.8 Leucopogon lanceolata 1.0 Nestegis ligustrina 1.0 Persoonia silvatica 4.0 Pomaderris aspera 3.0 Pomaderris costata 5.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 17.0 Ground-storex. Acacia sp. 0.2 Billardieria scandens 1.0 Blechnum cartilagineum 0.2 Blechnum wattsii 0.8 Clematis aristata 1.2 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Dianella tasmanica 1.0 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.4 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 27.0 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Goodenia ovata 0.8 Hierochloe rariflora 2.0 Lagenifera stipitata 0.2 35 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH C~TCHMENTS Plot No: 9 Altitude: 855 m Aspect: 1770 Slope: 90 Date of Sampling: 10/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest CanopY Middle-storey Trees Basal Area stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 6.08 8.0 Eucalyptus elata .11 8.0 Eucalyptus fastigata 25.47 71.6 Eucalyptus obliqua 2.76 8.0 Eucalyptus radiata 5.44 8.0 Acacia melanoxylon .89 87.5 Bedfordia arborescens 1.91 191.0 Hakea eriantha .14 15.9 Olearia argophylla .31 31.8 Prostanthera lasianthos 2.15 79.6 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 8.0 pteridium esculentum 1.4 Bedfordia arborescens 5.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 2.0 Bursaria spinosa 1.0 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 1.0 Viola hederacea 1.0 Dicksonia antarctica 4.0 Hakea eriantha 2.0 Olearia argophylla 1.0 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Prostanthera lasianthos 3.0 . Tasmannia lanceolata 20.0 Ground-storey Billardieria scandens 0.4 Blechnum nudum 2.2 Blechnum wattsii 7.2 Bursaria spinosa 0.2 Clematis aristata 1.0 Coprosma quadrifida 1.0 Cyathea australis 0.4 Dicksonia antarctica 0.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.4 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 9.4 Geranium homeanum 0.2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 7.4 Lepidosperma urophorum 0.2 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 Lomandra longifolia 2.6 36 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 10 Altitude: 840 m Aspect: 2000 Slope: 160 Date of Sampling: 10/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus badjensis 6.61 23.9 Eucalyptus elata 7.21 15.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 34.21 151.2 Acacia dealbata 2.86 55.7 Acacia melanoxylon .36 39.8 Bedfordia arborescens .48 39.8 Cyathea australis 1.44 31.8 Dicksonia antarctica 3.91 63.7 Hakea eriantha .62 15.9 Olearia argophylla 1.05 111.4 Persoonia silvatica .20 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 7.0 Viola hederacea 0.2 Coprosma quadrifida 4.6 Dicksonia antarctica 7.0 Olearia argophylla 24.0 Persoonia silvatica 1.0 Prostanthera lasianthos 1.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 12.0 Ground-storey Acacia sp. (juv•) 0.2 Blechnum nudum 2.4 Blechnum wattsii 21.4 Clematis aristata 1.6 Dianella tasmanica 2.0 Dicksonia antarctica 2.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Fieldia australis 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 7.6 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.2 Lepidosperma laterale 3.4 Olearia argophylla 0.4 Parsonia brownii 9.0 Polystichum proliferum 0.8 pteridium esculentum 0.6 Sambucus australasica 0.2 Smilax australis 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 3.2 Unident. Grass 1 0.6 37 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLE~BOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 11 Altitude: 921 m Aspect: 84° Slope: 10° ,~, Date of Sampling: 6/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest CanopY Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 4.48 31.8 Eucalyptus elata 4.59 79.6 Eucalyptus obliqua 75.39 206.9 Acacia dealbata .11 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.0 Goodia lotifolia 0.4 Hakea eriantha 1.0 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.0 Hypochoeris radicata 0.2 Lagenifera stipitata 0.6 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 Lomandra longifolia 1.6 Olearia argophylla 0.2 Pimelea ligustrina 0.4 Poa B 3.8 Poranthera microphylla 0.2 pteridium esculentum 3.0 Senecio linearifolius 1.0 Ground-storey Smilax australis 1.0 Acacia dealbata 1.8 Stackhousia monogyna 0.2 Billardieria scandens 1.0 Stellaria flaccida 0.6 Clematis aristata 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 19.0 Comesperma volubile 0.2 Tylophora barbata 1.2 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Daviesia ulicifolia 1.2 Veronica calycina 0.6 Deyeuxia sp. aff.crassiuscula 0.2 Veronica notabilis 0.4 Dianella caerulea 0.8 Viola hederacea 1.4 Dianella tasmanica 2.2 Eucalyptus obliqua 0.2 Exocarpus strictus 0.2 Galium propinquum 0.6 Geranium homeanum 0 •.6 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.2 38 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 12 Altitude: 933 m Aspect: 2300 Slope: 80 Date of Sampling: 7/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /:Qa) (m2 /ha) Eucalpytus cypellocarpa' 38.59 38.2 Eucalyptus fastigata 29.78 133.7 Acacia melanoxylon .27 6.4 Bedfordia arborescens .05 6.4 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % .(continued) % Acacia dealbata 14.0 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Acacia melanoxylon 2.0 Poa A 0.6 Bedfordia arborescens 26.0 Poa B 3.0 Coprosma quadrifida 7.0 Polystichum proliferum 1.0 EucaJyptus cypellocarpa 4.0 Pomaderris aspera 1.0 Olearia argophylla 44.0 pteridium esculentum 1.4 Pimelea ligustrina 0.8 Sambucus australasica 0.2 Pomaderris aspera 10.6 Senecio linearifolius 0.2 Smilax australis 2.6 Ground-storey Stellaria flaccida 1.0 Acacia dealbata 0.8 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.2 Billardieria scandens 0.2 Tylophora barbata 0.8 Caladenia carnea 0.2 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Clematis aristata 1.0 Veronica calycina 0.6 Coprosma quadrifida 1.8 Veronica notabilis 0.2 Coluta filicula 0.6 Viola hederacea 1.0 Dianella tasmanica 0.4 Dichondra repens 0.2 Dicksonia antarctica 1.0 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 1.0 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.0 Lagenifera stipitata 0.8 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 Lomandra longifolia 0.4 Luzula flaccida 0.4 Olearia argophylla 0.2 39 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 13 Altitude: 877 m Aspect: 1400 Slope: 6° Date of Sampling: 7/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus elata 1.00 23.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 64.76 270.6 Eucalyptus obliqua .51 8.0 Acacia melanoxylon ·32 8.0 Bedfordia arborescens 7.26 588.9 Cyathea australis .32 8.0 Prostanthera lasianthos. .07 8.0 Pomaderris aspera I .15 15.9 I •I Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Bedfordia arborescens 28.0 Coprosma quadrifida 1.0 Cyathea australis 3.0 Goodenia ovata 9.4 Olearia argophylla 4.0 Pomaderris aspera 2.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 10.4 Ground-Storey Clematis aristata 1.4 Cyathea australis 0.4 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 20.0 Goodenia ovata 0.6 Hierochloe rariflora 3.0 Lepidosperma laterale 2.0 pteridium esculentum 1.4 Smilax australis 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.4 Tylophora barbata 1.0 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Veronica calycina 0.2 Viola hederacea 0.6 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 14 Altitude: 855 m Aspect: 2000 Slope: 80 Date of Sampling: 8/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus badjensis .78 8.0 Eucalyptus fastigata 69.42 310.4 Acacia melanoxylon 2.08 87.5 Bedfordia arborescens 2.08 206.9 Cyathea australis .63 23.9 Hakea eriantha .10 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 7.0 Poranthera microphylla 0.2 Bedfordia arborescens 7.0 pteridium esculentum 0.4 Coprosma quadrifida 13.2 Smilax australis 3.6 Cyathea australis 3.0 Stellaria flaccida 0.2 Goodenia ovata 1.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.2 Hedycarya angustifolia 4.0 Tylophora barbata 4.4 Notelaea venosa 0.4 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Olearia argophylla 22.0 Viola hederacea 0.6 Pomaderris aspera 11.0 Prostanthera lasianthos 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 4.0 Ground-storey Billardieria scandens 0.2 Clematis aristata 1.0 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Gahnia sieberana 2.0 Geranium homeanum 0.2 Gonecarpus teucrioides 0.4 Goodenia ovata 1.0 Histiopteris incisa 0.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.2 .' Hypolepis glandulifera 0.2 Lepidosperma laterale 0.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 " Lomandra longifolia 1.0 Olearia argophylla 0.4 Poa A 0.4 Polystichum proliferum 5.4 PERMANENT PLOT 'DATA: GLENBOG STATE rOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 15 Altitude: 922 m Aspect: 30° Slope: 12° Date of Sampling: 6/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle~storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I I Eucalyptus cypellocarpal 1'8.65 71.6 Eucalyptus fastigata I 29.82 95.5 Bedfordia arborescens I 2.30 238.7 Cyathea australis .19 8.0 Hakea eriantha .12 15.9 Pomaderris aspera .07 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Bedfordia arborescens 9.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.8 Bursaria spinosa 1.0 Tylophora barbata 1.2 ," Coprosma quadrifida 1'.4 Unident. Grass 1 1.2 Olearia argophylla . 8.0 Veronica notapilis 0.4 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2. Viola hederacea 1.2 Pomaderris aspera 37.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 13.0 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.2 Acacia sp. 0.2 Ajuga australis 0.2 Asplenium flabel~ifolium 0.2 Blechnum cartilagineum 0.2 Blechnum nudum 2.0 Clematis arista,ta 1.0 Comesperma volubile 0.4 Coprosma quadr.ifida 1.0 Dianella tasmanica 1.0 Doodia aspera 0.4 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium hdmeanum 0.6 Goodenia ovata 0.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.0 Lagenifera stipitata 0.8 Lomandra longifolia 1.4 pteridium esculentum 2.0 Smilax australis 2.4 Stellaria flaccida .0.6 42 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE fOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot N9: 16 Altitude: . 937 m Aspect: 288°· Slope: 9° Date of Sampling: 5/11/88 Forest type: .Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa' 10.59 63.4 Eucalyptus fastigata 27.32 71.6 Eucalyptus obliqua 2.55 8.0 Aeacia melanoxylon 1.30 135.3 Bedfordia arborescens .92 111.4 Cyathea australis .38 8.0 Hakea eriantha .33 23.9 Pomaderri$ aspera .13 15.9 . Shrub-storey ,Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 3.4 I Unident. Grass 1 1.0 -I Bedfordia arborescens '14.0 1 Veronica calycina 0.4 Coprosma quadrifida 2.0 . Viola bederacea 0.8 - Ol,earia argophylla 5.0 Pomaderris aspera 12.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.0 Ground-storey Billardieria scandens 0.2 Caladenia carnea 0.2 Clematis aristata 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 2.6 Dianella tasmanica 0.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Galium propinquum 0.2 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Goodenia ovata 3.0 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.6 Lagenifera stipitata 0.6 Lomandra longifolia 0.2 Microsorum diversifolium 0.4 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Poa A 0.2 pteridium esculentum 2.8 Senecio linearifolius 0.2 Smilax australis 3.8 Stellaria flaccida 0.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.0 Tylophora barbata 3.0 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 17 919 m Aspect: 5° Slope: 3° ... Altitude: Date of Sampling: 6/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest/tall open forest '.. Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Eucalyptus cypel1ocarpa I .58 8.0 Eucalyptus fastigata I 40.51 111.4 Bedfordia arborescens I 1.75 183.0 Cyathea australis I 1.78 31.8 Dicksonia antarctica I 1.83 31.8 Pomaderris aspera .48 55.7 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continlled) %. Bedfordia arborescens 20.0 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 8.4 . Unident. Grass 2 0.2 Olearia argophylla 11.0 Viola hederacea 1.6 Pomaderris aspera 18.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 4.4 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.2 Blechnum nudum 24.2 Clematis aristata 1.0 Comesperma volubile 0.6 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Dianella tasmanica 0.4 Doodia aspera 1.4 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Galium propin~uum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 1.0 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1.8 Lagenifera stipitata 0.4 Luzula flaccida 0.2 Olearia argophylla 0.4 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Polystichum proliferum 4.0 Pteridium esculentum 1.2 Smilax australis 2.6 ~tellaria flaccida 1.2 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.4 Tylophora barba.ta 0.8 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 18 Altitude: 912 m Aspect: 880 Slope: 6 0 Date of Samp~ing: 5/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Eucalyptus cypellocarpa l 22.20 119.4 Eucalyptus fastigata 11.77 47.~ Eucalyptus obiiqua 19.14 47.8 Acacia dealbata .42 31.8 Persoonia silvatica .09· 8.0 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia dealbata 6.0 Olearia argophylla 0.4 Bursaria spinosa . 2.0 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Poa B 1.0 Hakea eriantha 16.0 pteridium esculentum 1.0 Persoonia silvatica 1.0 Smilax australis 0.6 Pomaderris aspera 5.4 Stellaria flaccida. 1.2 Tasmannia lanceolata' 3.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.2 Tylophora barbata 0.6 Ground-storey . Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Acacia dealbata 0.4 Veronica calycina 0.6 Asperula scoparia 0 •. 6 Veronica notabili~ 0.4 Asplenium flabellifolium 0.4 Vio:j.a hederacea 0.4 Billardieria scanden~ 0.2 Bursaria spinosa 1.0 Clematis aristata 0.4 Coprosma quadrifi,.da 2.~ Correa reflexa 0.4 Daviesia ulicifolia 1.8 Dianella caerulea 1.2 Dianella tasmanica O.~ EXocarpus strictus 1.0 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.4 Goodenia oV{!lta 0.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.8 Hypochoeris radicata 0.2 Lagenifera stipitata 0.2, Leucopogon lanceol{!ltus 1.6 Lomandra longifolia 1.8 4,5 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 19 Altitude: 914 ID Aspect: 1600 Slope: 6° Date of Sampling: 6/11/88, Forest type: Open-forest '. Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 6.65 23.9 Eucalyptus fastigata 72.37 127.3 Acacia melanoxylon .06 8.0 Bedfordia arborescens 1.42 159.2 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 1.4 Stellaria flaccida 1.4 Bed:fordia arborescens 34.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.4 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Tylophora barbata 0.2 OJearia argophylla 16.0 Unident. Grass· 1 1.0 Pomaderris asper~ 11.0 Veronica calycina 0.2 Veronica notabilis 0.4 Ground-storey Viola hederacea 1.0 Acacia melanoxylon 0.4 Acaena sp. 0.4 Blechnum nudum 4.4 Carex inversa 0.2 Clematis aristata 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 1.2 Cotula filicula 1.0 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 1.0 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.8 Lagenifera stipitata 0.8 Lepidosperma laterale 0.2 Lomandra longifolia 0.2 Luzula flaccida 0.4 Olearia argophylla 2.8 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 ., Polystichum proliferum 28.0 Pomaderris aspera 0.8 pteridium esculentum 0.4 Sambucus australasica 0.2 Senecio linearifolius 0.4 Smilax australis 1.4 t~6 PERMANENT PLOT DATA:GLENBOG STATE FOR~ST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 20 Altitude: 910 m Aspect: 3580 Slope: 30 Date of Sampling: 5/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy; Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) 1 1 Eucalyptus cypellocarpal 18.82 183.0 Eucalyptus fastigata I 9.57 9~.5 Eucalyptus obliqua, I 30.91 71.,6 Eucalyptus cypellocarpal .08 8.0 I Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued,) % 1 1 ·1 1 Poa B 1.2 1 1 Poranthera microphylla 1.0 I pteridium esculentum 2.0 Smilax australis 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 15.4 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 ~ ".. Veronica calycina 0.4 Viola hederacea 1'.2 Ground-storey Acacia dealbata. 0.2 Asperula scoparia 0.2 Billardieria scanden§ 1.0 Comesperma volubile, 0.2 Coprosma quadrifida 2.8 Cotula filicula 0.2 Daviesia ulicifolia 1.0 Dianella caerulea 0.6 Exocarpus strictus 0.2 Galium sp. 0.6 Geranium homeanum 1.0 Gnaphalium sphaericum 0.6 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.0 . Helichrysum diosmifolium 0.2 Hypochoeris radicata 0.4 Lagenifera stipitata 1.0 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.6 Lomandra longifolia 8.0 Pimelea ligustrina 0.2 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 21 Altitude: 901 m Aspect: 25.20 Slope:' 2° Date of Sampling: 12/11/88 Forest type: Tall-forest Canopy M~ddle-storey Trees Basal Area Stemslha Basal Area , Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Eucalyptus cypellocarpal .23 15.9 Eucalyptus elata I 5.67 63.7 Eucalyptus fastigata I 12.58 167.1 Eucalyptus obliqua 33.93 63.7 Acacia melanoxylon 1.36 151.2 Bedfordia arborescens I .54 63.6 Prostanthera lasianthosl .07 8.0 I I I I Sl).rub-storey Mean Cover GrouIid-storey Mean cover % ,( continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 12.0 Bedfordia arborescens 10.2 Coprosma quadrifida 3.0 Hedyca~ya angustjfqlia 1.2 Olearia argophylla 1.4 Pomaderris aspera 11.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 4.4 Ground-stroey Billardieria scandens 0.2 Chiloglottis gunnii 0.2 Clematis aristata 1.6 Comesperma volubile 0.4 Dianella tasmanica 0.2 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 4.2 Hedycarya angustifolia 0.2 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 6.8 Lepidosperma laterale 11.2 Lomandra longifolia 2.8 Oxalis corniculata 0.2 Parsonsia straminea 0.2 pteridium esclilentum 2.6 .. Smilax australis 0.8 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.4 Tylophora barbata 0.2 Unident. Grass 1 1.0 Viola hederacea 1.8 ------..- 4.8 PERMANENT PLOT DATA:' GLENBOG'STA~E'FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 22 ',Altitude: 887 m Aspec·t: 330!' Slope: 8° .. Date of Sampling: 12/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Eucalyptus cypellocarpa' 13.83 39.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 7.49 111.4 Eucalyptus obliqua 20.92 191.0 Eucalyptus sieberi 45.70 326.,3 Acacia melanoxylon .48 39.8 Hakea eriantha .20 15.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % , Acacia melanoxylon 7.4 Lomandra longifolia 3.4 Bursaria spinosa 7.0 Persoonia silvatica 0.2 <, Eucalyptus sieberi 3.0 Poa B 0.4 Exocarpus strictus 6.2 Pteridium esculentum 2.8 Goodenia ovata 3.0 Smil~ australis 0.2 Hakea eriantha 1.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.8 Tylophora barbata 0.'2 Notelaea venosa 4.0 Unident. Grass 1 0.6 Olearia argophylla 5.0 Viola hederacea 0.2 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.2 Ground-storey, Acacia melanoxylon 0.4 Arrhenechthites mixta 0.2 Asplenium flabellifolium 0.2 Billardieria scandens 0.6 Bursaria spinosa 0.8 Clematis aristata 0.2 Coprosma quadrifida 0.2 Correa reflexa 0.4 Dianella tasmanica 2.8 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Exocarpus strictus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 2.0 Galium propinquum 0.2 Goodenia ovata 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 2.2 Lepidosperm~ urophorum 0.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1.8 t~9 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 23 Altitude: . 877 m Aspect: 3300 Slope: 13° Date of Sampling: 12/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest/woodland Canopy Middle-storeY Trees Basal Area Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa' 5.35 31.8 Eucalyptus obliqua 31.96 63.7 Eucalyptus sieberi 2.21 8.0 Acacia melanoxy~on 3.54 326.3 Hakea eriantha .88 71.6 Pomaderris costata .12 15.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Grpund-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 4.4 Unident. Grass 1 0.6 Bursaria spinosa 0.6 Viola hederacea 1.0' ~ Exocarpus strictus 3.4 '- Goodenia ovata 3.0 Hakea eriantha 8.0 'tI Olearia phlogopappa 0.2 Pomaderris costata 4.0· Tasmannia lanceolata 4.0 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.6 Billardieria scandens 0.6 Clematis aristata 0.4 Dianella tasmanica 0.6 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 6.6 Gonocarpus tencrioides 1.0 Goodenia ovata 3.4 Hakea eriantha 0.4 Hioerochloe rariflora 4.0 Lepidosperma lateri1,le 30.2 "' Lepidosperma urophorum 7.'0 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 ~ Lomandra longifolia 1.0 Poa B 0.4 pteridium esculentum 3.0 Smilax australis 0.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.8 Tylophora barbata 0.4 .!;So PERMAlIENT PLOT,DATA: GLENBQG STAT~ FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 24 Altitude: 891 m Aspect: 320°' Slope: 10° Date of Sampling: 12/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest/woodland Midd1e-storey Trees Basell Area Stems/ha, Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I J Euca~yptus cype~~ocarpal 9.76 63.7 Euca~yptus ob~iqua 36.16 127.3 Euca~yptus ,si?beri 1.46 8.0 Acacia mela~oxylon 2.86 '270.6 Hakea eriantha .34 23.9 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % I Acacia me~anoxy~on 13.0 I' Lepidosperma urophorum 3.0 Bursaria spinosa 5.4 1 Leucopogon ~anceolatus 0.2 Euca~yptus ob~iqua 0.4 J Lomandra ~ongifo~ia 0.6 Exocarpus strictus 2.6, 1 O~ea~ia argophyl~a '0.2 I microphy~~a Goodenia ovata 5.0 I Poranthera, 0.8 Hakea eriantha 1.4 I, pteridium esculentum 2.4 \r Leucopogon lanceo~atus 4.0 ' Smi~ax australis 1.0 O~earia argophyi~a 1.0 Tasmannis lanceolata 0.6 Tasmannia ~an~eoiata 0.2 Ty~ophora barbata 0.6 Un;i.dent. Grass 1 0.6 Ground-storey Viola )lederacea 0.8 ACqcia me~anoxy~on 0.4 Bi~~ardieria scandens 1.0 Bursaria spinosa 0.4 Cassytha pubescens 0.2 Clematis aristata 0.2 Comesperma vo~ubi~e 0.2 Coprosma hirtella 0.4 Correa ref~exa 0.2 Diane~~a tasmanica 2.4 Elaeocarpus ho~opetalus 0.2 Exocarpus strictus 0.2 Gahnia microstachys 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 5.6 Ga~ium propinquum 0.4 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.8 Goodenia ovata 5.6 Hioerochloe rar;if~ora Lo6 Lepidosperma ~aterale 0.8 r~ -~------~------_...... _~ 51 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 25 Altitude: 870 m Aspect: 100°" Slope: 7° Date of Sampling: 9/11/88 Forest type: Tall woodland Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal AJ;'ea Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 12.47 57.3 Eucalyptus fastigata 11.71 44.6 Eucalyptus obliqua 16.9~ 50.9 Eucalyptus radiata .28 19.1 Acacia mela~oxylon 3".47 292.8 Bedfordia arborescens .38 38.2 Hakea eriantha .23 19.1 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) " % Bedfordia arborescens 3.3 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.2 Bursaria spinosa 2.5 Viola hederacea 1.0 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 0.8 Goodenia ovata 7.0 Persoonia silvatica 2.5 Polyscias sambucifolia 0.8 Pomaderris aspera 18.3 Tasmannia lanceolata 8.0 Ground-storey Acacia melanoxylon 0.3 Billardieria scandens 0 .. 8 Clematis aristata 0.7 Coprosma quadrifida 0.7 Cynoglossum latifolium 0.2 Dianella tasmanica 0.3 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Eucalyptus sp. 0.5 Gahnia sieberana 22.5 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.3 Goodenia ovata 0.5 Hioerochloe rariflora 3.0 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.3 Lepidosperma laterale 1.8 Lepidosperma urophorum 1.'7 Poa B 0.3 P1:eridium esculen1:um 1.8 Smilax australis 0.7 52 PERMANENT PLOT·DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 26 Altitude: 862 m Aspect: 1250 Slope: 90 Date of Sampling: 9/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa' 16.53 31.8 Eucalyptus fastigata 6.22 47.7 Eucalyptus obliqua 21.43 63.6 Eucalyptus radiata 5.67 ·23.8 Acacia melanoxylon 2.86 254.7 Beqfordia arbore,Scens .61 71.6 Cyathea australis .42 15.2 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 12.0 Viola hederacea 1.4 Bedfordia arborescens. 11.4 Coprosma quadrifida 0.8 Exocarpus strictus 0~4 Goodenia ovata 0.6 Pomaderris aspera 25.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 16.2 Ground-storey Billardieria scandens 1.2 Clematis aristata 0.4 Comesperma volubile 0.4 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Dianella caerulea 0.2 Dianella tasmanica 1.0 Gahnia sieberana 7.6 Galium propinquum 0.2 Geranium homeanum 0.2 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.2 Goodenia ovata 0.6 Hierochloe rariflora 1.8 Lepidosperma laterale 1.4 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.2 Lomandra longifolia 2.0 Microsorum diversifolium 2.0 Poa B 0.2 pteridium esculentum 2.6 Smilax australis 0.6 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.6 r~~~------""l------' PERMANENT PLOT DATA: . GLENBOG STATE' FOREST, RESEARCH CATCHMENTS ',' Plot No: '2.7 Altitude: 817 m Aspect: 90°. Slope: 4Q Date of Sampling: 8/11/88 For~st typ~: Closed-forest/forest Canopy; Middle-stor~ Trees . Basal Area ~tems/hp Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) I Elaeocarpus holopetalusl 51.37 238,.7 Acacia dealbata I .86 15.9 Dicksonia antarctica I 30.49 405.9 Pittosporum bicolor I .09 8.0 Prostanthera lasianthosI .70 39.8 Tasmannia lanceolata' I .20 23.9 I I I ShrUb-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover· % (continued) % Coprosma quadrifida 4.0 . Unident. Poaceae 2.2 Dicksonia ant~rctica. 14.4 Viola hederacea 0.8 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.4 Prostanthera lasianthos 3.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 10.0 Ground-storey Acaena sp. 0.2 Australina pusilla 0.6 Blechnum wattsii 17.0 Coprosma quadrifida 0.4 Cotula filicula 0.2 Dicksonia antarctica 3.0 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Elaeocarpus holopeta~us 0.4 Fieldia australis 1.6 Gahnia sieberana 7.0 Geranium ho~eanum 0.2 Helichrysum bracteatum 0.4 Hioerochloe rariflora 1.4 Histiopteris incisa 0.6 Hypolepis glandulifera 0.4 Lagenifera stipitata 0.2 .. Parsonsia brownii 0.8 Polystichum proliferum 5.4 Sambucus australasica 0.2 Stellaria flaccida 0.4 Tasmannia lanceolata .0.6 Uncinia sp. 1.2 54 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: '. GLENBOG STAT'E FOREST RESEARCa CATCHMENTS' Plot No: 28 '. Altitude: 833 m Aspect: 1350 Slope: 7 0 Date of Sampling: 8/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (J;Il2/ha) (m2 /ha) I I Eucalpytus cypellocarpa: .78 23 •. 9 Eucalyptus fas~igata I 58.,29 246.7 Acacia dealbata I .06 8.0 Acacia melanoxylon I .27 23.9 Bedfordia arborescens : 1.47 17!:i.1 Cyathea australis I .72 15.9 Dicksonia aptarctica I 3.98 79.6 Prostanthera lasianthosl .09 8.0 : I I Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey. Mean cove·r % (continued) % ,,. Acacia·dealbata 0.2 Bedfordia arborescens 30.0 Coprosma quadrifida 7.0 .. Dicksonia antarctica 0.4 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 1.0 Olearia argophylla 17.0 Pomaderris aspera , 17.0 Tasmannia lanceolata. 24.0 Ground-storey Clematis aristata 1.6 Coprosma quadrifida 1.0 Dianella tasmanica 0.8 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 1.2 Fieldia australis 0.4 Gahnia sieberana· 7.0 Geranium homeanum 0.4 Histiopteris incisa 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 0.2 Polystichum proliferum 9.0 pteridium esculent~ 0.4 Smilax australis 1.4 Stellaria flaccida 0.8 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.,2 Unident. Grass 1 0.8 Unident. Grass 2 0.4 Viola hederacea 1.0 55 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG STATE FOREST RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 29 Altitude: 862 m Aspect: 3300 Slope: 120 Date of Sampling: 12/11/88 Forest type: Open-forest Canopy Middle-storey Trees Basal Area Stems/ha Basal Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 40.91 95.5 Eucalyptus fastigata 26.09 95.5 Eucalyptus obliqua 2.56 31.8 Acacia melanoxylon 1.24 127.3 Bedfordia arbor~scens .19 23.9 Cyathea australts .40 8.0 Hakea eriantha .75 55.7 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover % (continued) % Acacia melanoxylon 7.0 Olearia argophylla 0.2 Bedfordia arborescens 1.0 Parsonsia straminea 0.2 Bursaria spinosa 0.4 Poa B 0.2 Coprosma quadrifida 0.6 Polystichum proliferum 1.0 Exocarpus strictus 1.0 pteridium esculentum 2.4 Goodenia ovata 5.0 Smilax australis 0.8 Hakea eriantha 15.0 Tasmannia lanceolata 1.0 Lomatia myricoides 1.4 Tylophora barbata 1.8 Nestegis ligustrina 4.0 Unident. Grass 1 1.2 Olearia argophylla 4.0 Veronica calycina O~2 Pomaderris aspera 13.4 Viola hederacea 0.8 Tasmannia lanceolata 3.0 Ground-storey Blechnum wattsii 0.4 Clematis aristata 1.0 Coprosma quadrifida 1.0 Dianella tasmanica 0.2 Drymophila cyanocarpa 0.2 Elaeocarpus holopetalus 0.2 Eucalyptus cype~locarpa 0.2 Gahnia sieberana 4.6 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.6 .... Goodenia ovata 8.6 Hakea eriantha 0.4 Hioerochloe rariflora 8.4 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 0.4 Lepidosperma laterale 4.0 Lomandra longifolia 4.0 L..- . 56 PERMANENT PLOT DATA: GLENBOG~TA~EFOREST.RESEARCH CATCHMENTS Plot No: 30 Altitude: 832 m Aspect: 1250 Slope: 160 Date of Sampling: 8/11/88 Forest type: Tall open-forest CanopY Middle-storey Trees Basal Ar·ea Stems/ha Basal. Area Stems/ha (m2 /ha) (m2 /ha) ,. I Eucalyptus cypellocarpal 14 •. 32 15.9 Eucalyptus rastigata I .26.78 39.8 Acacia ~elanoxylon' / 1.35 31.8 Bedfordia arborescens ./ 9.73 748.1 Dicksonia antarctica I 6.07 71.6 Olearia argophylla ! .4() 8 .• 0 Pomaderris aspera .50 63.7 Shrub-storey Mean Cover Ground-storey Mean cover %. (continued) % Bedfordia arporescens 17.0 .Urtica incisa 1.0 Coprosma quad:r.ifid~ 7.0 Dicksonia anrarctica 7.0 Olearia argophylla 15.0 Pomaderris aspera '16.0 Sambucus australa$ica 0.2 Tasmannia lanceolata 6.4 Ground-storey Asplenium flabellifolium 0.2 Australina pusilla 0.8 Clematis aristata 0.8 Coprosma quadrifida 0.2 Eucalyptus fastigata 0.4 Fieldia australis 3.9 Gahnia sieberana 8.0 Geranium homeanum 0.6 Hydrocotyle laxiflor~ 0.2 Hymenophyllwn cupressiforme 2.0 Microsorum diversifolium 3.0 Parsonsia brownii 0.2 Pellaea falcata 0.4 Polystichum proliferum 1,6.0 ,. Sambucus australasica '0.2 Smilax australis 3.2 .,- Stellaria flaccida 1.4 Tasmannia lanceolata 0.2 Uncinia sp. 0.2 Unident. Grass 1 0.2 ------57 AppeDdlx4. Species list ofvascular plants identified on the research catchments. The families are arranged in alphabetical order within the great groups Ferns and FernAllies. i Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. Genera and species are arranged alphabetically within each family. Some taxa (especially some grasses) could not be preCisely identified and are indicated in the list. Fems and Fem Allies Adlantaceae PeUaeajalcata Aspldlaceae Polystichwnproliferum AspleDiaceae AspleniwnjlabelUjolium Blechnaceae Blec1m.wn cartUaginewn B. nudwn B. patersonii 13. wattsii Doodia aspera Cyatheaceae Cyathea australis Dicksonia antarctica DeDDstaedtlaceae Histiopteris incisa Hypolepis punctata syn. H. glandulifera Pferidium esculentum • GlelcheDiaceae Sticherus lobatus '" Grammltaceae Grammitis bUlardieri '" HymeDophyU.ceae HymenophyUwn cupressiforme . Polyphlebwm venoswn Lycopodlaceae Lycopodium deuterodenswn Polypodlaceae Microsorum dtversf{oUwn MODocotyledoDs Cyperaceae Carex breviculmis C. inversa Gahnia microstachya • G. sieberana 'it Lepidosperma laterale 'S L. urophorwn Uncinia spp. Juncaceae Juncus continuus Luzulajlaccida 58 Irldaceae Libertia pani.culata UUaceae Dianella caerulea D. tasmanica DrymophUa cyanocarpa • Orchldaceae Caladenia camea " Chiloglottis gunnii ~ DendrobiUm striolatum Poaceae Deyeuxia spp. aff. crasstuscula Hierochloe ranjlora Poa labillardiert or helmsii (;=Poa A) P. meionectes or siebetana (=PoaB) TetrarrhenaJuncea Unidentified grasses 1 and 2 could bejuveniles ofthe above. SmlJacaceae Smilax australis Xanthorrhoeaceae Lomandra longifolia Dicotyledons Aplaceae Hydrocotyle laxijlora Apocynaceae. Parsonsia browntt P. straminea AraUaceae Polyscias sambuctfolia & " . Asclepladaceae Tylophora barbata ~ . Asteraceae Arrhenechthites mfxta Bedfordia arborescens cassinia aculeata Cotulaftlicula Gnaphalium sphaeri.cum Helichrysum bracteatum H. diosmifolium Hypochoeris glabra H. radicata Lagenifera stfpitata Olearia argophylla O. megalophyUa O. phlogopappa Senecio lineanfoltus ~ Bor.,maceae Cynoglossum latifolium ~ ¥ Caryophyllaceae Stellariajlaccida caprlfollaceae Sambucus australasica COnvolvulaceae Dichondra repens '--- 59 Elaeocupaceae Elaeocwpus holopetalus Epacrldaceae Leucopogon lanceolatus .;, Euphorbiaceae Poranthera microphylla 't' ]; Fabaceae Acacia deal.Qata A. melanoxylon Daviesia ulicifolia Goodia lottjoua Geraniaceae GeraniUlT!- homeanum Gesnerlaceae ' Fieldia australis Goodeniaceae GoodeniaOl)Cl'ta Haloragaceae Gonocarpus teucriDides , Lamiaceae Ajuga australis , Prostanthera lasiant1w~ Prunella vulgaris" Lauraceae Cas,sytha pubescens Monlmiaceae Hedycarya angustifolia Myrtaceae EucaIypiu$ badjensis E. cypellocarpa E. elata a E.jastigata -; E.obliqua E. radiata ':I- E. sieberi Oleaceae Nestegis lfgustrina Notelaea venosa ODlldaceae Oxalis comiculata Plttosporaceae Billardiera scandens Bursaria $pinosa Pittosporum bicolor Poly,alaceae Comesperma volubUe Proteaceae Hakea eriantha myricoides A Lomatia Persoonia sUvatica .q: .. Ranunculaceae Clematis aristata Ranunculus plebetus , 61 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales gratefully aclmowledges funding for this research project from Harris Daishowa (Aust.) pty. Ltd. Several people were important in the establishment and work in this project. The reconnais"sance sUIVeys and much ofthe field data collection and data processing could not have been completed within the time frame available without the assistance ofMary Dodson. Dominic Fanning did much ofthe early leg-work in bringing together the preliminary data and maps. Dr John1;umer ofthe Forestry Commission Office in Sydney clar1f1ed many matters which sped the survey through. We would also like to thank Ms Lynne Illige for typing the pennanent plot data and Dominic Fanning for preparing the diagrams. The National Herbarium of NSW kindly provided use oftheir identlftcation facilities for several plant specimens. • ./~YPIUNTED ~AUnvAlIA o 'fI'(stGQY£RHI«NIMltoIf(IUfSW ! \ I I