The Creative Common Misunderstanding Florian Cramer [email protected]
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Open but Not Free — Publishing in the 21St Century Martin Frank, Ph.D
PERSPECTIVE For the Sake of Inquiry and Knowledge Research culture is far from knowledge. The new technology Disclosure forms provided by the author are available with the full text of this arti- monolithic. Systems that underpin is the internet. The public good cle at NEJM.org. scholarly communication will mi- they make possible is the world- grate to open access by fits and wide electronic distribution of From MIT Libraries, Massachusetts Insti- starts as discipline-appropriate op- the peer-reviewed journal litera- tute of Technology, Cambridge. tions emerge. Meanwhile, experi- ture and completely free and un- 1. Budapest Open Access Initiative (http:// ments will be run, start-ups will restricted access to it by all scien- www.opensocietyfoundations.org/ flourish or perish, and new com- tists, scholars, teachers, students, openaccess/read). munication tools will emerge, and other curious minds.” 2. Bethesda Statement on Open Access Pub- lishing (http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/ because, as the Bethesda Open There is no doubt that the pub- handle/1/4725199/suber_bethesda Access Statement puts it, “an old lic interests vested in funding .htm?sequence=1). tradition and a new technology agencies, universities, libraries, 3. Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities have converged to make possible and authors, together with the (http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/ an unprecedented public good. power and reach of the Internet, berlin_declaration.pdf). The old tradition is the willingness have created a compelling and nec- 4. Suber P. Open access. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012. of scientists and scholars to pub- essary momentum for open ac- 5. -
Studying the Real World Today's Topics
Studying the real world Today's topics Free and open source software (FOSS) What is it, who uses it, history Making the most of other people's software Learning from, using, and contributing Learning about your own system Using tools to understand software without source Free and open source software Access to source code Free = freedom to use, modify, copy Some potential benefits Can build for different platforms and needs Development driven by community Different perspectives and ideas More people looking at the code for bugs/security issues Structure Volunteers, sponsored by companies Generally anyone can propose ideas and submit code Different structures in charge of what features/code gets in Free and open source software Tons of FOSS out there Nearly everything on myth Desktop applications (Firefox, Chromium, LibreOffice) Programming tools (compilers, libraries, IDEs) Servers (Apache web server, MySQL) Many companies contribute to FOSS Android core Apple Darwin Microsoft .NET A brief history of FOSS 1960s: Software distributed with hardware Source included, users could fix bugs 1970s: Start of software licensing 1974: Software is copyrightable 1975: First license for UNIX sold 1980s: Popularity of closed-source software Software valued independent of hardware Richard Stallman Started the free software movement (1983) The GNU project GNU = GNU's Not Unix An operating system with unix-like interface GNU General Public License Free software: users have access to source, can modify and redistribute Must share modifications under same -
Open Licensing Toolkit for Staff
Open Licensing Toolkit for Staff The Hewlett Foundation Open Licensing Toolkit for Staff is licensed May 2015 under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Legal Disclaimer: This material is for general informational purposes only and does not represent legal advice as to any particular set of facts; nor does it represent any undertaking to keep recipients advised of any relevant legal developments. Please consult appropriate professional advisors as you deem necessary. The Hewlett Foundation shall not be held responsible for any claims or losses that may arise from any errors or omissions in this document. Hewlett Foundation Open Licensing Toolkit for Staff Table of Contents 1. Hewlett Foundation Commitment to Open Licensing 2. Hewlett Foundation Procedures a. Frequently Asked Questions b. Decision Tree c. Creative Commons License Types d. Guidelines for Marking Openly Licensed Documents 3. Sample Language a. Grantee Communications b. Grant Proposal Template c. Grant Reporting Requirements d. Grant Agreement Letter e. Direct Charitable Activities (DCA) Contract May 2015 Hewlett Foundation Open Licensing Toolkit for Staff Hewlett Foundation Commitment to Open Licensing As part of our commitment to openness and transparency, the Hewlett Foundation has long supported open licensing—an alternative for traditional copyright that allows and encourages sharing of intellectual property. Open licenses, such as those developed by our longtime grantee Creative Commons, protect authors’ rights while giving explicit permission to others to freely use, distribute, and build upon their work. The benefits of open licensing are clear: open licensing increases the chances that good ideas will get a hearing, that others will be able to do something with them, and ultimately that they will have their greatest impact. -
Creative Commons Open Licenses - What Is It All About?
CREATIVE COMMONS OPEN LICENSES - WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT? Introductory presentation by Paul G. West Creative Commons South African Chapter Lead STATING THE UNNECESSARY This workshop is dedicated to providing a harassment-free experience for everyone regardless of gender, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race, age or religion. We do not tolerate harassment of participants or facilitators in any form. Sexual language and imagery is not appropriate, including in any online platform that may be used. AND IT IS IMPORTANT TO ADD THAT . • Nothing in this workshop should be construed as legal advice! • We will be talking about an interesting range of topics that touch on copyright, fair use and open licensing. • We will together learn more about copyright, open licensing and open practices in various communities. • Upon completion, you should feel a little more comfortable sharing facts about copyright and open licensing and good open practices. • I am NOT a lawyer – I am a supporter of Open Educational Resources (OER) and Creative Commons (CC) open licenses. THE STORY DOES NOT START IN 2002 UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000181682 ORIGINS OF OER CREATION OF A MOVEMENT Larry Lessig and others founded the Creative Commons 2001 Charles M. Vest speaks of a meta-university 2007 a transcendent, accessible, empowering, dynamic, communally constructed framework of open materials and platforms -
Who Pays for Music?
Who Pays For Music? The Honors Program Senior Capstone Project Meg Aman Professor Michael Roberto May 2015 Who Pays For Music Senior Capstone Project for Meg Aman TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 4 MUSIC INDUSTRY BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 6 THE PROBLEM .................................................................................................................. 8 THE MUSIC INDUSTRY ..................................................................................................... 9 THE CHANGING MUSIC MARKET .................................................................................... 10 HOW CAN MUSIC BE FREE? ........................................................................................... 11 MORE OR LESS MUSIC? .................................................................................................. 12 THE IMPORTANCE OF SAMPLING ..................................................................................... 14 THE NETWORK EFFECTS ................................................................................................. 16 WHY STREAMING AND DIGITAL MUSIC STORES ............................................................ -
FOSS Licensing
FOSS Licensing Wikibooks.org March 13, 2013 On the 28th of April 2012 the contents of the English as well as German Wikibooks and Wikipedia projects were licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. An URI to this license is given in the list of figures on page 61. If this document is a derived work from the contents of one of these projects and the content was still licensed by the project under this license at the time of derivation this document has to be licensed under the same, a similar or a compatible license, as stated in section 4b of the license. The list of contributors is included in chapter Contributors on page 59. The licenses GPL, LGPL and GFDL are included in chapter Licenses on page 65, since this book and/or parts of it may or may not be licensed under one or more of these licenses, and thus require inclusion of these licenses. The licenses of the figures are given in the list of figures on page 61. This PDF was generated by the LATEX typesetting software. The LATEX source code is included as an attachment (source.7z.txt) in this PDF file. To extract the source from the PDF file, we recommend the use of http://www.pdflabs.com/tools/pdftk-the-pdf-toolkit/ utility or clicking the paper clip attachment symbol on the lower left of your PDF Viewer, selecting Save Attachment. After extracting it from the PDF file you have to rename it to source.7z. To uncompress the resulting archive we recommend the use of http://www.7-zip.org/. -
Remix My Lit M T: Creative Commons & Text
remix my lit M T: Creative Commons & Text In defining ‘web 2.0,’ Tim O’Reilly espouses the remixing of multiple sources of information, text case studies including the personal, to create rich user experiences (http://radar.oreilly.com/ archives/2005/10/web-20-compact-definition. Aduki Press: Stick This In Your html). Memory Hole 141 Nowhere is user participation in the creation of The Age Blogs 144 meaning more lauded than in the blogosphere. Bloggers are recognised to be among the ANAT Filter 145 first groups truly to embrace the CC scheme, On Line Opinion 148 and remain some of its strongest proponents. As exemplars in this field, Human Resources A New Leaf Media: The Pundit 150 consultant Michael Specht and Malaysian free John Quiggin 152 culture advocate Aizat Faiz build their writings around the desire to foster open source and free Michael Specht 155 content. This advocacy is driven by the desire to cultivate new voices and alternative viewpoints, Mike Seyfang 156 challenging the enduring corporate dominance of Remix My Lit 159 mainstream media, as aided by CC. As blogger Robin Good puts it: Strange Symphonies blog 161 ‘Web 2.0 is turbo-charging our capacity to re-establish this vibrant, participatory, people- Nevertheless, as shown in these case studies, driven, creative culture. But we the use of CC licensing on blogs is not always nevertheless face greater threats uncontroversial. Prominent Australian economist than ever to our cultural liberties, John Quiggin sparked a debate on the value of as corporations in league with CC licences to blogging, when he introduced the legislators dream up new ways licensing on his eponymous blog johnquiggin. -
GNU Octave Beginner's Guide
GNU Octave Beginner's Guide Become a profcient Octave user by learning this high-level scientfc numerical tool from the ground up Jesper Schmidt Hansen BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI GNU Octave Beginner's Guide Copyright © 2011 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmited in any form or by any means, without the prior writen permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotatons embedded in critcal artcles or reviews. Every efort has been made in the preparaton of this book to ensure the accuracy of the informaton presented. However, the informaton contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, its dealers, and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark informaton about all of the companies and products mentoned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this informaton. First published: June 2011 Producton Reference: 2150611 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. 32 Lincoln Road Olton Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK. ISBN 978-1-849513-32-6 www.packtpub.com Cover Image by John Quick ([email protected]) Credits Author Project Coordinator Jesper Schmidt Hansen Joel Goveya Reviewers Proofreaders Piotr Gawron Lesley Harrison Kenneth Geisshirt Clyde Jenkins Jordi Gutérrez Hermoso Lynda Sliwoski Acquisiton Editor Indexers Usha Iyer Hemangini Bari Tejal Daruwale Development Editor Monica Ajmera Mehta Roger D'souza Graphics Technical Editor Nilesh R. -
Customizing Debian Benjamin Mako Hill
Customizing Debian “Fork Yours with Debian GNU/Linux” Benjamin Mako Hill [email protected] http://mako.yukidoke.org Ubuntu Debian Project Software in the Public Interest Benjamin Mako Hill LCA - Debian MiniConf4 http://mako.yukidoke.org The World of Debian Customizers There are 115 distributions derived from Debian. AbulÉdu • Adamantix • AGNULA GNU/Linux Audio Distribution • ANTEMIUM Linux • Arabbix • ARMA aka Omoikane GNU/Linux • ASLinux • Auditor Security Linux • Augustux • B2D Linux • BEERnix • Biadix • BIG LINUX • Bioknoppix • BlackRhino • Bluewall GNU/Linux • Bonzai Linux • BrlSpeak • Càtix • CensorNet • Clusterix • ClusterKNOPPIX • Condorux • Damn Small Linux • Danix • DebXPde • eduKnoppix • ERPOSS • ESware • Euronode • FAMELIX • Feather Linux • Flonix • Vital Data Forensic or Rescue Kit (FoRK) • Freeduc-cd • GEOLivre Linux • Gibraltar Firewall • GNIX-Vivo • Gnoppix Linux • gnuLinEx • GNU/Linux Kinneret • GNUstep Live CD • grml • Guadalinex • Helix • Hiweed Linux • Impi Linux • Julex • K-DEMar • Kaella • Knoppix Linux Azur • Kalango Linux • KANOTIX • KlusTriX • knopILS • Knoppel • Knoppix • Knoppix 64 • Knoppix STD • KnoppiXMAME • KnoppMyth • Kurumin Linux • LAMPPIX • Libranet GNU/Linux • LIIS Linux • LinEspa • Linspire • Linux Live Game Project • Linux Loco • LinuxDefender Live! CD • Linuxin • LiVux • Local Area Security Linux (L.A.S.) • Luinux • Luit Linux • MAX: Madrid_Linux • Mediainlinux • MEPIS Linux • Metadistro-Pequelin • MIKO GNYO/Linux • Morphix • Munjoy Linux • Nature's Linux • NordisKnoppix • OGo Knoppix • Oralux • Overclockix -
Université De Montréal Context-Aware
UNIVERSITE´ DE MONTREAL´ CONTEXT-AWARE SOURCE CODE IDENTIFIER SPLITTING AND EXPANSION FOR SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE LATIFA GUERROUJ DEPARTEMENT´ DE GENIE´ INFORMATIQUE ET GENIE´ LOGICIEL ECOLE´ POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL´ THESE` PRESENT´ EE´ EN VUE DE L'OBTENTION DU DIPLOME^ DE PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR (GENIE´ INFORMATIQUE) JUILLET 2013 ⃝c Latifa Guerrouj, 2013. UNIVERSITE´ DE MONTREAL´ ECOLE´ POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL´ Cette th`ese intitul´ee: CONTEXT-AWARE SOURCE CODE IDENTIFIER SPLITTING AND EXPANSION FOR SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE pr´esent´eepar: GUERROUJ Latifa en vue de l'obtention du dipl^ome de: Philosophiæ Doctor a ´et´ed^ument accept´eepar le jury d'examen constitu´ede: Mme BOUCHENEB Hanifa, Doctorat, pr´esidente M. ANTONIOL Giuliano, Ph.D., membre et directeur de recherche M. GUEH´ ENEUC´ Yann-Ga¨el, Ph.D., membre et codirecteur de recherche M. DESMARAIS Michel, Ph.D., membre Mme LAWRIE Dawn, Ph.D., membre iii This dissertation is dedicated to my parents. For their endless love, support and encouragement. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to both Giulio and Yann for their support, encouragement, and intel- lectual input. I worked with you for four years or even less, but what I learned from you will last forever. Giulio, your passion about research was a source of inspiration and motivation for me. Also, your mentoring and support have been instrumental in achieving my goals. Yann, your enthusiasm and guidance have always been a strength for me to keep moving forward. Research would not be as much fun without students and researchers to collaborate with. It has been a real pleasure and great privilege working with Massimiliano Di Penta (University of Sannio), Denys Poshyvanyk (College of William and Mary), and their teams. -
Introductory Lecture & FLOSS
Introductory Lecture & FLOSS Lecture 1 TU Wien, 193.067 Free and Open Technologies (WS 2019/2020) Christoph Derndorfer and Lukas F. Lang This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Introduction Organization ● Lectures: ○ Weekly lecture to cover course materials (until Christmas) ○ Lectures take place on Tuesdays, 17:00–19:00, Argentinierstraße 8, Seminarraum/Bibliothek 194-05 ○ Attendance is mandatory ● Group project: ○ In groups of 4 students ○ 3 meetings with lecturers during the semester (week 44/2019, week 48/2019, week 2/2020) ○ Final presentations at the end of January (week 4/2020) ● Final paper: ○ In groups of 2 students ○ Final presentations at the end of January (week 5/2020) ○ Deadline: Sunday, February 9, 2020, 23:59 CET (no exceptions!) Organization ● Grading: ○ 50% group project ○ 35% seminar paper ○ 15% participation during lectures ○ All course components need to be passed in order to pass the overall course! ● Course materials: ○ Will be provided at https://free-and-open-technologies.github.io ● For further questions: ○ Email [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture outline 1. FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open Source Software) 2. Open Hardware 3. Open Data 4. Open Content/Open Educational Resources 5. Open Science/Research 6. Open Access 7. Open Spaces/Open Practices: Metalab Vienna 8. Guest Lecture: Stefanie Wuschitz (Mz* Baltazar’s Lab) Group project ● Goal: ○ Extend, contribute to, or create a new open project within scope of lecture topics ● Choose topic from a list (see course website) or (even better) suggest your own: ○ Groups of 4 students ○ Send a 1-page proposal until Friday, October 25, via email to both lecturers ■ Define the idea, goal, (potential) impact, requirements, and estimated effort ■ State deliverables (should be broken down into three milestones to discuss in meetings) ● Requirements: ○ Open and accessible (Git repository, openly licensed) → others can access/use/study/extend ○ Use time sheet to track and compare estimated vs. -
Translate's Localization Guide
Translate’s Localization Guide Release 0.9.0 Translate Jun 26, 2020 Contents 1 Localisation Guide 1 2 Glossary 191 3 Language Information 195 i ii CHAPTER 1 Localisation Guide The general aim of this document is not to replace other well written works but to draw them together. So for instance the section on projects contains information that should help you get started and point you to the documents that are often hard to find. The section of translation should provide a general enough overview of common mistakes and pitfalls. We have found the localisation community very fragmented and hope that through this document we can bring people together and unify information that is out there but in many many different places. The one section that we feel is unique is the guide to developers – they make assumptions about localisation without fully understanding the implications, we complain but honestly there is not one place that can help give a developer and overview of what is needed from them, we hope that the developer section goes a long way to solving that issue. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide one reference for localisers. You will find lots of information on localising and packaging on the web but not a single resource that can guide you. Most of the information is also domain specific ie it addresses KDE, Mozilla, etc. We hope that this is more general. This document also goes beyond the technical aspects of localisation which seems to be the domain of other lo- calisation documents.