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METHODICAL RECOMMENDATIONS for INDIVIDUAL WORK of STUDENTS DURING PREPARATION to PRACTICAL (SEMINAR) LESSON Academic Discipline

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METHODICAL RECOMMENDATIONS for INDIVIDUAL WORK of STUDENTS DURING PREPARATION to PRACTICAL (SEMINAR) LESSON Academic Discipline METHODICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK OF STUDENTS DURING PREPARATION TO PRACTICAL (SEMINAR) LESSON Academic discipline Surgical stomatology Module № 6 Topic of the lesson№3 Clinic, diagnostics, X-ray-diagnostics, classification of periodontis. Surgical methods of treatment. Typical and atipical operative intervention at tooth extraction. Complications in time and after operative intervention. Operative intervention at periodontitis: resection of apex of root, bisection, amputation, replantaciya, coronaro-radicular separation. Diseases of dental eruption– retencton, distopia: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Pericoronitis, periostitis of jaws: etiology, classification, clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Course V Faculty International (Stomatological) Poltava 1. Relevance of the topic: Inflammatory diseases of maxillo-facial region occupy a significant place in dental surgery. Despite the use of antibiotics, the number of purulent complications is constantly increasing. Reasons for the growth in the number of patients with inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region are the following factors: the delay in seeking medical care due to lack of active conduct of sanitary-educational work among the population; medical errors in ambulatory treatment, and often self- treatment of patients, late diagnosis of diseases and complications. Knowledge of the etiology, pathogenesis, classification of inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region is an integral part of the study of dental surgery. To inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area, which are fairly common, applies and periodontitis. The ability to establish a diagnosis and choose the best method of treatment and determine the urgency of the given theme. 2. THE SPECIFIC AIMS: 2.1. To analyze the frequency of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 2.2. To explain the etiology of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 2.3. To explain the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 2.4. To classify inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 2.5. To know the features of the structure and function of periodontium. 2.6. To explain the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis. 2.7. To classify periodontitis. 2.8. To know the clinical picture of acute periodontitis. 2.9. To offer a scheme of acute treatment of periodontitis. 2.10. To know the clinical manifestations of chronic periodontitis. 2.11. To know the clinical manifestations of dystopia and retention. 2.12. To know classification of pericoronitis, clinic, the main symptoms, basic principles of treatment. 2.13. To have an idea of processes laboratory, experimental, clinical and theoretical research of a problem of prevention of complications. 2.14 To know the classification of odontogenic periostitis of the jaws. 3. BASE KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, THE SKILLS NECESSARY FOR STUDYING OF THE THEME (interdisciplinary integration). Names of the previous The received skills disciplines 1. Normal anatomy. To be guided in the basic questions of a structure of maxillofacial area. 2.Topographical To know topographical anatomy of maxillofacial area. anatomy and operative Principles of operative access to different departments surgery. of maxillofacial area. To define a topical diagnosis of traumatic damages of maxillofacial area. 3. Microbiology Etiology of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 4. Pathological Pathomorphology of inflammatory processes in morphology maxillofacial area. 5. Pathological Pathogenesis of inflammatory processes in physiology maxillofacial area 4. Tasks for independent work in preparation for the lesson 4.1. The list of the basic terms, parameters, characteristics which the student should master at preparation for employment: Term Definition Periodontium Complex of tissues, located between the cement of the tooth root and internal compact plate alveoli. Periodontitis Inflammation of the tissues located in periodontal gap. 4.2. Theoretical questions to lesson: 1. Etiology of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 2. Pathogenesis of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. 3. Classification of inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area . 4. The structure of the periodontium. 5. Functions of the periodontium. 6. Causes periodontitis. 7. Classification of periodontitis. 8. Differential diagnosis 10. Treatment of periodontitis. 11. X-ray signs of periodontitis and their evaluation. 12. Clinic granulating periodontitis. 13. Clinic of granulomatous periodontitis. 14. Clinic fibrous periodontitis. 15. Replantation. Indications and contra-indications, techniques, possible errors and complications. 16. Hemisection. Indications and contra-indications, techniques, possible errors and complications. 17. Amputation of the root. 18. Indications and contra-indications, techniques, possible errors and complications. 19. Crawn-radicular separation. Indications and contra-indications, techniques, possible errors and complications. 4.3. Practical works (task) which are executed on lesson: 1. To know how to choose the necessary type of anesthesia for dental patient. 2. To determine indications and contraindications for various types of operations. 3. To know the main complications of anesthesia and prevention. 4. To choose the type of anesthesia for dental patient in outpatient clinics and in hospitals. 5. To determine indications and contraindications for various types of pain. 6. To know the complications of anesthesia, emergency care, prevention. 7. To be able to do extraction all group of tooth. 8. To be able to examine the patient. 9. To be able to prescribe additional examination methods. 10. To be able to do replantation. 11. To be able to read x-rays foto of jaws. 12. To be able to carry out a differential diagnosis. 13. To know how to do apex resection. THE CONTENT OF THE TOPIC: IMPACTED TOOTH Alternative Names:Tooth - unemerged; Unemerged tooth; Dental impaction; Unerupted tooth An impacted tooth is a tooth that fails to fully pass through the gums. Causes Teeth start to pass through the gums (emerge) during infancy, and again when the primary (baby) teeth are replaced by the permanent teeth. If a tooth fails to emerge, or emerges only partially, it is considered to be impacted. The most common teeth to become impacted are the wisdom teeth (the third set of molars). They are the last teeth to emerge, usually between the ages of 17 and 21. An impacted tooth remains stuck in gum tissue or bone for various reasons. It may be that the area is just overcrowded and there's no room for the teeth to emerge. For example, the jaw may be too small to fit the wisdom teeth. Teeth may also become twisted, tilted, or displaced as they try to emerge, resulting in impacted teeth. Impacted wisdom teeth are very common. They are often painless and cause no apparent trouble. However, some professionals believe an impacted tooth pushes on the next tooth, which pushes the next tooth, eventually causing a misalignment of the bite. A partially emerged tooth can trap food, plaque, and other debris in the soft tissue around it, leading to inflammation and tenderness of the gums and unpleasant mouth odor. This is called pericoronitis. Symptoms: bad breath; difficulty opening the mouth (occasionally); pain or tenderness of the gums (gingiva) or jaw bone; prolonged headache or jaw ache; redness and swelling of the gums around the impacted tooth; swollen lymph nodes of the neck (occasionally); unpleasant taste when biting down on or near the area; visible gap where a tooth did not emerge. Exams and Tests Your dentist will look for swollen tissue over the area where a tooth has not emerged, or has only partially emerged. The impacted tooth may be pressing on nearby teeth. The gums around the area may show signs of infection such as redness, drainage, and tenderness. As gums swell over impacted wisdom teeth and then drain and tighten, it may feel like the tooth came in and then went back down again. Dental x-rays confirm the presence of one or more teeth that have not emerged. Treatment No treatment may be needed if the impacted tooth is not causing any problems. Over-the-counter pain relievers may help if the impacted tooth causes discomfort. Warm salt water (one-half teaspoon of salt in one cup of water) or over- the-counter mouthwashes may be soothing to the gums. Removal of the tooth (extraction) is the usual treatment for an impacted tooth. This is usually done in the dentist's office, but difficult cases may require an oral surgeon. Antibiotics may be prescribed before the extraction if the tooth is infected. Outlook Prognosis Impacted teeth may cause no problems for some people and may never require treatment. Treatment is usually successful when it does cause symptoms. It is often preferable to have wisdom teeth removed before age 30 due to the flexibility of bone, which will allow an easier removal and better healing. As a person ages, the bone becomes more rigid and complications can develop. Complications of an impacted tooth include: abscess of the tooth or gums; chronic discomfort in mouth; infection; malocclusion of teeth; plaque trapped between teeth and gums. A dental extraction (also referred to as exodontia) is the removal of a tooth from the mouth. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, including tooth decay that has destroyed enough tooth structure to render the tooth non- restorable. Extractions of impacted or problematic wisdom teeth are routinely performed, as are extractions of some permanent teeth to make space for orthodontic treatment. Reasons for tooth
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