블록체인 기반의 안전한 인증 및 데이터 주권을 위한 W3c 탈중앙id 표준해설서 1 W3c에서 진행되고 있는 탈중앙 운동에서 가장 중요한 부분은 데이터의 연동이다
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㸹㴁䅖䁎㫠㷋䁇㾌䁼䋣䁎䃓㷅 䀥㻚䇇䉁㼫㫠㷋 㰛䁌䈣䂴㫅䀻䀧䋣 Ver. 2020 㺑㼭䊷䂶䌝㰃䁀㿌㳠㩍䌝㼩㴾䃌 IJ䊷䂶䋪㺻㺵䊡 Ver. 2020 㺑㼭䊷䂶䌝㰃䁀㿌㳠㩍䌝㼩㴾䃌 IJ䊷䂶䋪㺻㺵䊡 8$ఎঔ*% 㸹㴁䅖䁎㫠㷋䁇㾌䁼䋣䁎䃓㷅㰛䁌䈣䂴㫅䀻䀧䋣:&䈑䂽㾗,'䊷䂶䋪㺻㺵 8$ਯ೯ର 䀥㻚䇇䉁㼫㫠㷋:&䁚䀲䂴䋲䄳䄳㳠䂂㸄䂀㫗䁎䈣䊘䁌㼠䊷䂶䋪㺻㺵 ࠁӔੋఠಕझળ೧ࢸࢲ ର ળ೧ࢸࢲ 㸹㴁䅖䁎㫠㷋䁇㾌䁼䋣䁎䃓㷅㰛䁌䈣䂴㫅䀻䀧䋣 䀥㻚䇇䉁㼫㫠㷋 ࠁ8$ఎঔ*%ળ೧ࢸࢲ 8$ਯ೯ରର Ӕੋఠಕझળ೧ࢸࢲ TTA - 20114- SD TTA - 20115- SD 머리말 2020년 신종 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 사태로 언택트(비대면) 기술 확산과 함께 산업의 중심이 오프라인에서 온라인으로 옮겨지면서 ICT의 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있습니다. 정부는 포스트 코로나 시대에 대응하여 ‘한국판 뉴딜’ 정책을 발표로 ‘디지털 뉴딜’, ‘그린 뉴딜’, ‘안정망 강화’의 대형 프로젝트를 진행하여, D.N.A 생태계 강화, 비대면 사업육성, SOC 디지털화 등 코로나 이후의 위기를 극복하기 위해 디지털 국가로의 발전 정책을 추진 중에 있습니다. D.N.A(Data-Network-AI)를 기반으로 디지털 국가와 스마트한 정부, 국토, 산업을 목표로 더 안전하고 편리해진 국민들의 삶 조성을 위하여 데이터댐, AI, 스마트의료, 디지털트윈 (Digital Twin) 등의 ICT 기반 기술 발전과제를 선정하였습니다. ICT 표준은 R&D와 시장을 연결하는 핵심수단으로, ICT 분야의 기술적 상용화와 사용자 수요에 맞는 기술 개발을 위한 ICT 표준화를 추진하고 있습니다. 한국정보통신기술협회는 ICT 국제표준화전문가 활동지원을 통해 국내 산업체의 ICT 시장 경쟁력을 제고하고 국제표준화기구에서의 한국 영향력 확대를 위해 노력하고 있습니다. ICT 표준화포럼에서는 국내 산업체 등 중소기업의 수요를 반영하여 IETF의 I2NSF(Interface to Network Security Functions), W3C의 RTC(Real-time Communication Between Browsers), DID(Decentralized ID), Vehicle cloud(Vehicle Information Service Specification)의 최신 표준 4개를 선정하고, 관련 표준의 해설을 담은 ICT 국제표준화전문가 표준해설서를 마련하였습니다. 본 표준해설서는 해당 기술의 구현 및 지식습득이 필요한 국내 산업체와 ICT 국제표준전문가 표준화 활동에 교과서적인 전문적 지식전달 목적으로 활용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, ICT 사실표준화의 국내 산업 활성화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대합니다. 마지막으로 표준해설서 발간에 참여해주신 사실표준화기구 미러포럼 표준전문가 여러분과 중소·중견기업 관련자 분께 깊이 감사드립니다. 목차 1. DID(Decentralized ID, 탈중앙 ID) 표준 개요······················································· 1 1) W3C에서의 탈중앙 운동 ···················································································· 1 2) 탈중앙을 위한 주요 표준 ················································································· 2 3) 블록체인 기술과 W3C DID 표준의 시작 ························································· 6 4 ) D I D 주 요 개 념 ································································································· 9 2. W3C 및 DID 워킹 그룹 ························································································ 1 2 1 ) W 3 C 소 개 ········································································································ 1 2 2 ) D I D 워 킹 그 룹 소 개 ························································································ 1 5 3. DID 표준 유즈케이스 ····························································································· 1 6 1) DID 주요 서비스 모델 ····················································································· 1 6 2 ) D I D 시 장 동 향 ································································································· 1 7 4. DID 표준 해설서 주요 개념 ··················································································· 1 9 1) 식별자(Identifier) ···························································································· 1 9 2) 데이터 모델(Data Model) ··············································································· 1 9 3 ) 핵 심 속 성 ( C o r e p r o p e r t i e s ) ··········································································· 2 0 4 ) 주 요 표 현 방 식 ( C o r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ) ························································· 2 1 5) 메소드(Methods) ······························································································ 2 1 6 ) 분 해 ( r e s o l u t i o n ) ······························································································· 2 1 5. 탈중앙 ID v.1.0 핵심 아키텍처, 데이터 모델 및 표현 해설서 ····························· 2 2 1 ) 소 개 ··················································································································· 2 6 ( 1 ) 간 단 한 예 ·········································································································· 2 7 ( 2 ) 디 자 인 목 표 ······································································································ 2 9 ( 3 ) 아 키 텍 처 개 요 ··································································································· 3 0 ( 4 ) 적 합 성 ················································································································ 3 2 2 ) 용 어 ··················································································································· 3 3 3 ) 식 별 자 ··············································································································· 3 8 ( 1 ) D I D 구 문 ·········································································································· 3 8 ( 2 ) D I D U R L 구 문 ································································································ 3 9 4) 데이터 모델 ······································································································ 4 4 ( 1 ) 정 의 ··················································································································· 4 4 ( 2 ) 데 이 터 표 현 ( r e p r e s e n t a t i o n ) ········································································· 4 5 ( 3 ) 확 장 성 ················································································································ 4 5 5 ) 핵 심 속 성 ·········································································································· 4 6 ( 1 ) D I D 주 체 ·········································································································· 4 6 ( 2 ) 컨 트 롤 ( C o n t r o l ) ······························································································· 4 7 ( 3 ) 검 증 방 법 ·········································································································· 4 8 ( 4 ) 검 증 관 계 ·········································································································· 5 4 ( 5 ) 서 비 스 엔 드 포 인 트 ························································································· 6 1 6 ) 핵 심 표 현 ( C o r e R e p r e s e n t a t i o n ) ·································································· 6 4 ( 1 ) J S O N ················································································································· 6 4 ( 2 ) J S O N - L D ·········································································································· 6 6 ( 3 ) C B O R ················································································································ 6 7 목차 7) 메소드(Method) ······························································································· 7 6 ( 1 ) 메 소 드 스 키 마 ( M e t h o d s s c h e m e s ) ······························································· 7 6 ( 2 ) 메 소 드 작 업 ( M e t h o d O p e r a t i o n s ) ······························································· 7 8 ( 3 ) 보 안 요 구 사 항 ································································································· 7 9 ( 4 ) 개 인 정 보 요 구 사 항 ························································································· 8 0 8 ) 분 해 ( R e s o l u t i o n ) ······························································································ 8 1 ( 1 ) D I D 분 해 ( R e s o l u t i o n ) ···················································································· 8 1 ( 2 ) D I D U R L 역 참 조 ····························································································· 8 4 ( 3 ) 메 타 데 이 터 구 조 ····························································································· 8 5 9 ) 보 안 고 려 사 항 ································································································· 8 7 ( 1 ) D I D 분 해 자 ( r e s o l v e r ) 선 택 ············································································ 8 7 ( 2 ) I D 바 인 딩 ········································································································· 8 7 ( 3 ) 인 증 서 비 스 엔 드 포 인 트 ················································································ 8 8 ( 4 ) 부 인 방 지 ( N o n - R e p u d i a t i o n ) ······································································· 8 9 ( 5 ) D I D 문 서 변 경 알 림 ······················································································· 8 9 ( 6 ) 키 및 서 명 만 료 ······························································································· 8 9 ( 7 ) 키 해 지 및 복 구 ······························································································· 9 0 ( 8 ) 인 간 친 화 적 식 별 자 의 역 할 ············································································ 9 0 ( 9 ) 불 변 성 ( I m m u t a q b i l i t y ) ··················································································· 9 1 ( 1 0 ) D I D 문 서 의 암 호 화 된 데 이 터 ······································································ 9 1 10) 개인정보 고려 사항 ························································································ 9 2 ( 1 ) 개 인 식 별 정 보 ( P I I ) 를 비 공 개 로 유 지 ···························································· 9 2 ( 2 ) D I D 상 관 관 계 위 험 및 가 명 D I D ································································· 9 3 ( 3 ) D I D 문 서 상 관 관 계 위 험 ················································································ 9 3 ( 4 ) H e r d 개 인 정 보 보 호 ·························································································· 9 3 1 1 ) 예 제 ················································································································ 9 4 ( 1 ) D I D 문 서 ·········································································································· 9 4 (