DOCSLIB.ORG

FCC-18-181A1 Rcd.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FCC-18-181A1 Rcd.Pdf Federal Communications Commission FCC 18-181 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Communications Marketplace Report ) GN Docket No. 18-231 ) The State of Mobile Wireless Competition ) WT Docket No. 18-203 ) Status of Competition in the Market for the ) MB Docket No. 17-214 Delivery of Video Programming ) ) Status of Competition in the Marketplace for ) MB Docket No. 18-227 Delivery of Audio Programming ) ) Satellite Communications Services for the ) IB Docket No. 18-251 Communications Marketplace Report ) REPORT Adopted: December 12, 2018 Released: December 26, 2018 By the Commission: Chairman Pai and Commissioners O’Rielly and Carr issuing separate statements; Commissioner Rosenworcel concurring and issuing a statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Para. I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 II. ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITION AND DEPLOYMENT............................................................... 4 A. The Mobile Wireless Market ........................................................................................................... 5 1. Characteristics of the Mobile Wireless Industry ....................................................................... 6 2. Pricing Levels and Trends....................................................................................................... 14 3. Non-Price Competition............................................................................................................ 23 4. Entry Conditions and Market Concentration........................................................................... 29 5. Mobile Wireless Spectrum ...................................................................................................... 31 6. Service Providers’ Spectrum Holdings ................................................................................... 33 7. Wireless Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 34 8. Network Coverage................................................................................................................... 37 B. The Video Market.......................................................................................................................... 47 1. MVPDs.................................................................................................................................... 50 2. OVDs....................................................................................................................................... 76 3. Broadcast Television Stations ................................................................................................. 90 4. Intermodal Competition ........................................................................................................ 114 5. Marketplace Factors Relevant to Entry, Competition, and Expansion.................................. 128 C. The Audio Market........................................................................................................................ 137 1. Terrestrial Radio Broadcasters .............................................................................................. 140 2. Satellite Radio ....................................................................................................................... 151 3. Online Audio Providers......................................................................................................... 154 12558 Federal Communications Commission FCC 18-181 4. Intermodal Competition ........................................................................................................ 161 5. Marketplace Factors Relevant to Entry, Competition, and Expansion.................................. 167 D. The Fixed Broadband Market ...................................................................................................... 169 1. Overview of the Fixed Broadband Communications Marketplace ....................................... 171 2. Fixed Broadband Competition Data...................................................................................... 183 3. Regulatory and Market Barriers............................................................................................ 192 4. Investment Trends ................................................................................................................. 200 E. Voice Telephone Services............................................................................................................ 203 F. The Satellite Market..................................................................................................................... 208 1. Overview of the Commercial Satellite Services Industry ..................................................... 209 2. Satellite Revenues ................................................................................................................. 215 3. Examination of Satellite Communications Services and Providers ...................................... 217 4. Recent Changes and Trends .................................................................................................. 229 G. Broadband Deployment ............................................................................................................... 236 1. Scope of Reporting................................................................................................................ 238 2. Data Sources and Methodologies .......................................................................................... 241 3. Broadband Deployment Estimates ........................................................................................ 247 4. Demographic Data................................................................................................................. 255 5. Tribal Lands Data.................................................................................................................. 259 6. Adoption Data ....................................................................................................................... 262 H. International Broadband Data Report .......................................................................................... 265 1. Background ........................................................................................................................... 266 2. Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 267 III. COMMISSION ACTIONS ALREADY TAKEN TO CLOSE DIGITAL DIVIDE, ENHANCE COMPETITION, AND ENCOURAGE DEPLOYMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES ................................................................................................... 290 A. The Mobile Wireless Market ....................................................................................................... 291 1. Universal Support Challenges and Commission Actions...................................................... 291 2. Spectrum Challenges and Commission Actions.................................................................... 293 3. Wireless Infrastructure Siting Challenges and Commission Actions.................................... 297 B. The Fixed Communications Market ............................................................................................ 301 C. The Video and Audio Markets..................................................................................................... 313 D. The Satellite Market..................................................................................................................... 321 IV. COMMISSION AGENDA TO FURTHER ENCOURAGE INVESTMENT, INNOVATION, DEPLOYMENT, AND COMPETITION .......................................................................................... 326 A. The Mobile Wireless Market ....................................................................................................... 327 B. The Fixed Communications Market ............................................................................................ 335 C. The Video and Audio Markets..................................................................................................... 339 D. The Satellite Market..................................................................................................................... 344 V. PROCEDURAL MATTERS.............................................................................................................. 349 I. INTRODUCTION 1. With this first Communications Marketplace Report, the Commission fulfills the requirement set forth in RAY BAUM’S Act of 2018 to streamline its numerous and varied public reports into a single document providing a comprehensive evaluation of the state of communications in the United States.1 This Report consolidates the Commission’s historical, statutorily required reports, all of which had been issued in separate documents and at different times, and which assessed different aspects 1 Section 401 of the Repack Airwaves Yielding Better Access for Users of Modern Services Act of 2018 (RAY BAUM’S Act), Pub. L. No. 115-141, 132 Stat. 1087 (codified at 47 U.S.C. § 163) (RAY BAUM’S Act). 12559 Federal Communications Commission FCC 18-181 of the diverse communications technologies the Commission oversees. For the first time, the Report places essential information
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FCC-06-11A1.Pdf
    Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-11 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 05-255 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: February 10, 2006 Released: March 3, 2006 Comment Date: April 3, 2006 Reply Comment Date: April 18, 2006 By the Commission: Chairman Martin, Commissioners Copps, Adelstein, and Tate issuing separate statements. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Scope of this Report......................................................................................................................... 2 B. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2005 ................................................................................... 4 2. General Findings ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. Specific Findings....................................................................................................................... 8 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING ......... 27 A. Cable Television Service ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cable One Copyright Notice
    Cable One Copyright Notice spiritsWhen absolutelyKalvin brown-nosed when divorced his bricklaying Aamir monitor resupplies blunderingly not slangily and pettily.enough, Opportunistic is Darwin freeze-dried? Jess imprecated Chev cool. usually mired anticipatorily or The discourse itself mostly not protected. How will not included on an amount you wish for many other information will make sure you! This one on its obligations, notices have not responsible for experience for later than in any claimants may restore your package offers in his photographs become aware after traveling down. The proposals submitted or delete these subscriber without prior written permission for tv channels may. Cable trench to rebrand as SparklightTM News. User Manual PTZOptics. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Availability may contact by way affiliated companies, viacom international stock is more accessible through sparklight track. Liability for Providing Hyperlinks to Copyright-Infringing. Copyright owner If its One receives notice compare the. Supplementary information given their videos and it originally transmits or its name, we encourage you visit or even more than sixty days, except in such copy. 1 The good cable system provided the meaning set these in 20117b2. Afp did not. Copyright Violation Notifications in service Account Cox. The evidentiary worth for Six Strikes notices is also debatable as one thus the. The copyright notice of cable was attempted delivery or works? No restrictions or fees on making wireless plan adjustments. Is filed when do cable provider wishes to reason its certificate of franchise authority to. This section prescribes rules governing the unique of unpublished copyright deposits in the aspire of the Copyright Office to the lazy of Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Flyer
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Tv Guide Listings Cable One
    Tv Guide Listings Cable One Spiros still reifies perfectly while unprogressive Sigfrid wast that bagwig. Toxicant and fruity Johny often somewhyplaster some when objective Salvador dearly is pansophic. or readdress pridefully. Butyric Philbert vaporize breezily or reattains How are does TV Guide app cost? Analytics code has prior to the list of a tv on your mac app might seem to watch tv service a cable tv guide listings appeared on? Get consistent access to string your favorite channels with Spectrum's Channel Guide Our Channel Lineup makes it easy for find except when or where trial can tally your favorite. Louis Cardinals MLB game schedule tv listings news any more at TVGuide NOW Cable Listings KWTV has two buildings in the Oklahoma City metro one. Channel LOUISIANA Baton Rouge New Orleans Lafayette Cox Cable. Over one live tv listings appeared in alabama, llc and a cable provider for your area at the rest of. TV Guide Magazine publishes 26 double issues a handle Each unique issue counts as two issues of the 52 issue annual subscription. Grit TV is now air on digital channel 125 and black cable channels. Which hinder many areas is labeled FOX Sports Midwest Plus Cable One-Joplin 170. Cable office's two TV packages include aid the basic TV channels from FOX to the Disney Channel to ESPN and E Check out draw which TV. TV Listings Guide by time source by channel TV Boise OTA Broadcast of One. Here god the TV Channel lineup but for the Comcast cable system listed by CHANNEL.
    [Show full text]
  • Lender Presentation October 2019 Disclaimer
    Lender Presentation October 2019 Disclaimer IMPORTANT: You must read the following before continuing. The materials included in the attached presentation have been prepared by Motion Midco Limited (“Bidco Parent”) and Motion Acquisition Limited (“Bidco”) in connection with the financing of the proposed acquisition of Merlin Entertainments plc (the “Target,” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Target Group”). None of these materials have been prepared by or on behalf of the Target Group, and none of the proposed financing arrangements described in the attached materials have been reviewed or recommended by, nor will bind prior to the acquisition of the Target, the Target Group. For the purposes of this disclaimer, the presentation shall mean and include the slides, the oral presentation of the slides by Bidco Parent, Bidco and/or any person on their behalf, any question-and-answer session that follows the oral presentation, hard copies of this document and any materials distributed in connection with the presentation. THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTE OR FORM PART OF, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS, AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY OR SELL SECURITIES. IT IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES DOES IT CONSTITUTE THE BASIS FOR A PUBLIC OFFERING OR RECOMMENDATION TO INVEST IN ANY SECURITIES. THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION THAT IS MATERIAL TO AN INVESTOR. BY ATTENDING THE PRESENTATION OR BY READING THE PRESENTATION SLIDES YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND AS FOLLOWS: This presentation is intended to provide a general overview of the Target Group’s business and does not purport to deal with all aspects and details regarding the Target Group.
    [Show full text]
  • AT&T-Time Warner Merger Overview
    Updated January 26, 2018 AT&T-Time Warner Merger Overview On October 22, 2016, AT&T Inc. and Time Warner Inc. conglomerates’ cable networks license bundled packages of announced that they had entered into an agreement under programs to MVPDs such as Comcast, Charter, DIRECTV, which AT&T will merge with Time Warner. As of and DISH. September 30, 2017, the total transaction value was about $105.8 billion, including $84.5 billion for the purchase of Changes in the way consumers watch television are having Time Warner stock, and $21.3 billion for the assumption of profound effects on the television industry. Table 1 Time Warner’s debt. illustrates this trend. Growing numbers of households have dropped their MVPD service or chosen not to subscribe in The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a civil antitrust the first place. Instead, many are subscribing to SVODs lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of and/or other online video services, which, even after the Columbia to block AT&T’s proposed acquisition of Time cost of separately purchasing broadband service, can be less Warner on November 20, 2017. The trial, overseen by U.S. expensive. District Judge Richard Leon, is set to begin on March 19, 2018. Judge Leon said the trial would last about three Table 1. Television Distribution Sources weeks. (% of U.S. television households) The Two Companies 2014 2015 2016 2017 AT&T is the largest U.S. multichannel video program distributor (MVPD). It provides programming to Broadcast only 10% 11% 12% 13% subscribers through three subscription services: (1) MVPD 88% 86% 85% 82% DIRECTV, a satellite-based service with 20.6 million subscribers, (2) U-Verse, a service that uses the AT&T Broadband only 2% 3% 4% 5% fiber optic and copper infrastructure and has 3.7 million Total number of 115.5 116.4 116.4 118.4 subscribers, and (3) DIRECTV NOW, an online video TV households million million million million service with 787,000 subscribers.
    [Show full text]
  • Free Download the Hallmark Station Hallmark Channel Movies Software
    free download the hallmark station Hallmark Channel Movies Software. A Free utility for your Rightfax server. With the RightFax Channel Monitor Lite you will be able to: * Identify potential channel capacity problems before they occur * Monitor your RightFax server in real time * See rightfax server . File Name: RightFax Channel Monitor Lite Author: SNAPS, Inc. License: Freeware (Free) File Size: 5.07 Mb Runs on: WinNT 4.x, WinXP, Windows2000. Acala 3GP Movies Free is a professional movie program for converting avi, divx, xvid, mpeg, vob, ect most of internet movies suit to mobile phone and turn mobile phone into a portable movies centre. File Name: Download_acala3gpmovies.exe Author: Discount Guide Inc. License: Shareware ($20.00) File Size: 3.75 Mb Runs on: Win95, Win98, WinME, WinNT 3.x, WinNT 4.x, Windows2000, WinXP, Windows2003, Windows Vista. RSS Channel Writer is a powerful RSS feed generator, editor and submitter. With this program you can easily create general RSS feed, iTunes RSS feed and RSS for Google products for your web site in seconds. File Name: RSSChannelWriter_2.1.3_Setup .exe Author: Emergency Soft License: Shareware ($29.95) File Size: 2.14 Mb Runs on: WinXP, Windows2000, Windows2003, Windows Vista. Eight- channel multi-tone audio frequency sinusoidal & noise signal generator is intended for adjusting and measuring parameters of audio equipment. File Name: sndgenmc.exe Author: Oleg Ya. Shmelyoff License: Shareware ($299.00) File Size: 414 Kb Runs on: Win95, Win98, WinME, WinNT 4.x, Windows2000, WinXP, Windows2003, Windows Vista. A Great blue ray movies screensaver for viewing when you buy dvds or dvd buying A Great blue ray movies screensaver for viewing when you buy dvds or dvd buying resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial by Nicolás Smirnoff
    WWW.PRENSARIO.TV WWW.PRENSARIO.TV //// EDITORIAL BY NICOLÁS SMIRNOFF CEE: ups & downs at the new digital era Central & Eastern Europe is going forward through the new digital era with its own tips. The region has suffered a deep crisis from 2008 to 2017- 2018, with many economies Prensario just standing up. This has International meant rare investment pow- er and long-term plans, but at the same time the change ©2018 EDITORIAL PRENSARIO SRL PAYMENTS TO THE ORDER OF moves fast and comparing to EDITORIAL PRENSARIO SRL other territories, CEE shows OR BY CREDIT CARD. REGISTRO NACIONAL DE DERECHO strong digital poles and de- DE AUTOR Nº 10878 velopment appeals. Argentina: In favor, most of the biggest broadcast- OTT platforms? It is what main broadcasters Las Casas 3535 ers are group of channels that include many of the world are doing, to compete better in CP: 1238 the new converged market and to generate Buenos Aires, Argentina countries, so it is easier to set up cross region- Tel: (+54-11) 4924-7908 al plans and to generate high-scale moves. proper synergies. If content business moves Fax: (+54-11) 4925-2507 On the opposite, there are many different to franchise management, it is important to USA: languages and audiences, so it is difficult to be flexible enough to any formula. 12307 SW 133 Court - Suite #1432 spread solutions that work to every context. This Natpe Budapest? It promises to be bet- Miami, Florida 33186-USA Phone: (305) 890-1813 Russia is a big Internet pole and now it is ter than last ones, with the region going up Email: [email protected] also a big production hub for international and the need of pushing more and more col- Website: www.prensario.tv companies setting up studios or coproduc- laborations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ftc-2018-0091-D-0015-163436.Pdf
    December 28, 2018 The Honorable Joseph Simons Chairman Federal Trade Commission 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20580 Dear Chairman Simons, Thank you for inviting public comment on the question of whether U.S. antitrust agencies should publish new vertical merger guidelines, and how those guidelines should address competitive harms, transaction-related efficiencies, and behavioral remedies. We submit these comments on behalf of the Writers Guild of America West (“WGAW”), a labor organization representing more than 10,000 professional writers of motion pictures, television, radio, and Internet programming, including news and documentaries. Our members and the members of our affiliate, Writers Guild of America East (jointly, “WGA”) create nearly all of the scripted entertainment viewed in theaters and on television today as well as most of the original scripted series now offered by online video distributors (“OVDs”) such as Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, Crackle, and more. The Non-Horizontal Merger Guidelines (“Guidelines”), originally issued in 1984,1 are the governing document of U.S. vertical antitrust enforcement. They rely, however, upon outdated economic theories that not only fail to promote and protect competition, but, in some cases, obstruct appropriate antitrust enforcement. Large vertical mergers in key industries have caused harm to consumers and failed to deliver on their promised innovations, efficiencies, and public benefits. The current Guidelines’ bias toward false negatives, or non-findings of harm, enables incumbents to consolidate market power and undermine competition. Recent vertical mergers in the telecommunications and entertainment industries illustrate the deficiencies of the current regulatory regime and provide evidence of the need for new guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Continuous Impervious Surface Mapping by Fusion of Landsat Time Series Data and Google Earth Imagery
    remote sensing Article Spatiotemporal Continuous Impervious Surface Mapping by Fusion of Landsat Time Series Data and Google Earth Imagery Rui Chen 1,2, Xiaodong Li 1,* , Yihang Zhang 1, Pu Zhou 1,2, Yalan Wang 1,2, Lingfei Shi 3 , Lai Jiang 4, Feng Ling 1 and Yun Du 1 1 Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (P.Z.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (Y.D.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Henan Agricultural University School of Resources and Environment, Zhengzhou 450002, China; [email protected] 4 Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Promotion Center, Wuhan 430070, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-27-6888-1075 Abstract: The monitoring of impervious surfaces in urban areas using remote sensing with fine spatial and temporal resolutions is crucial for monitoring urban development and environmental changes in urban areas. Spatiotemporal super-resolution mapping (STSRM) fuses fine-spatial-coarse- temporal remote sensing data with coarse-spatial-fine-temporal data, allowing for urban impervious surface mapping at both fine-spatial and fine-temporal resolutions. The STSRM involves two main steps: unmixing the coarse-spatial-fine-temporal remote sensing data to class fraction images, and Citation: Chen, R.; Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; downscaling the fraction images to sub-pixel land cover maps.
    [Show full text]
  • TV-Sat Magazyn Maj 2021.Pdf
    01_new.qxd 21-04-25 11:50 Page 1 02_Eutelsat.qxd 21-04-25 11:50 Page 2 C M Y B strona 2 03_04_stopka.qxd 21-04-25 12:03 Page 3 NASZE SPRAWY Nowa stacja naziemna w ofercie TVP ANTENA HD (dawniej SILVER TV), nowa stacja naziemna z portfolio MWE Networks, w ofercie Biura Reklamy TVP. Nadawca wybra³ TVP do sprze- da¿y czasu reklamowego, sponsoringu i akcji niestandardowych. Start stacji planowany jest na 1 maja. ANTENA HD jest now¹ stacj¹, powsta³¹ w wyniku konkursu na zagospo- darowanie wygas³ej koncesji stacji ATM Rozrywka. Dziêki otrzymanej koncesji na nadawanie na MUX-1 stacja bêdzie mieæ ogólnopolski zasiêg. ANTENA HD, znana wczeœniej pod robocz¹ nazw¹ SILVER TV, jest od- Najnowocześniejszy powiedzi¹ na rosn¹c¹ si³ê zakupow¹ osób po 50. roku ¿ycia. Jest to stacja filmo- wo-rozrywkowa z licznymi elementami lifestylowymi i edukacyjnymi. wóz transmisyjny Sony „Wybór Biura Reklamy TVP jako brokera dla kana³u ANTENA HD by³ dla nas oczywisty – to jedyne biuro reklamy telewizyjnej w Polsce, które przy w Polsacie ka¿dej kampanii reklamowej bierze pod uwagê widowniê 50+. Jestem bardzo Polsat rozwija nowoczesne technologie produkcyjne i transmisyjne. Dziêki zadowolony ze wspó³pracy z Biurem Reklamy TVP i cieszê siê, ¿e dziêki sta- temu bêdzie mo¿na przygotowaæ jeszcze wiêcej najlepszych i najatrakcyjniej- bilnym przychodom reklamowym mo¿emy rozwijaæ prawdziwie polsk¹ i nieza- szych treœci i programów dla widzów w Polsce, które mo¿na bêdzie ogl¹daæ le¿n¹ grupê medialn¹, która ju¿ nied³ugo bêdzie te¿ nadawa³a ogólnopolski ka- w dowolnie wybrany przez siebie sposób – czy to w telewizji, czy przez Internet.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Analysis of Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Imagery of Volcanic Activity
    Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 2282-2295; doi:10.3390/rs6032282 OPEN ACCESS remote sensing ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Article Early Analysis of Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Imagery of Volcanic Activity Matthew Blackett Centre for Disaster Management and Hazards Research, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-2476-887-692 Received: 18 October 2013; in revised form: 21 February 2014 / Accepted: 10 March 2014 / Published: 12 March 2014 Abstract: The Landsat-8 satellite of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in April 2013. Just weeks after it entered active service, its sensors observed activity at Paluweh Volcano, Indonesia. Given that the image acquired was in the daytime, its shortwave infrared observations were contaminated with reflected solar radiation; however, those of the satellite’s Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) show thermal emission from the volcano’s summit and flanks. These emissions detected in sensor’s band 10 (10.60–11.19 µm) have here been quantified in terms of radiant power, to confirm reports of the actual volcanic processes operating at the time of image acquisition, and to form an initial assessment of the TIRS in its volcanic observation capabilities. Data from band 11 have been neglected as its data have been shown to be unreliable at the time of writing. At the instant of image acquisition, the thermal emission of the volcano was found to be 345 MW. This value is shown to be on the same order of magnitude as similarly timed NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer thermal observations.
    [Show full text]