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Forests and Climate Change the Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and Climate Change Special Issue of the State of the Forest ~ 2015 ~

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Forests and Climate Change the Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and Climate Change Special Issue of the State of the Forest ~ 2015 ~ THE FORESTS OF THE CONGO BASIN Forests and climate change The Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and climate change Special issue of the State of the Forest ~ 2015 ~ Editors : de Wasseige C., Tadoum M., Eba’a Atyi R. and Doumenge C. Cover picture: Open canopy of a rain forest in the south-west of Gabon. Photo taken from a track in a forest con- cession. © Frédéric Sepulchre The State of the Forest report is a publication of the Observatoire des Forêts d’Afrique cen- trale of the Commission des Forêts d’Afrique centrale (OFAC/COMIFAC) and the Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP). http://www.observatoire-comifac.net/ - http://comifac.org/ - http://pfbc-cbfp.org/ Unless stated otherwise, administrative limits and other map contents do not presume any official approbation. Unless stated otherwise, the data, analysis and conclusions presented in this book are those of the respective authors. All images are subjected to copyright. Any reproduction, electronic or any other form is prohibited without the express prior written consent of the copyright owner. The suggested citation is : The Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and climate change. Eds : de Wasseige C., Tadoum M., Eba’a Atyi R. and Doumenge C. – 2015. Weyrich. Belgium. 128 p. Legal deposit: D2015/8631/42 ISBN: 978-2-87489-355-1 Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged © 2015 EDITION-PRODUCTION All rights reserved for all countries. © Published in Belgium by WEYRICH EDITION 6840 Neufchâteau – 061 27 94 30 www.weyrich-edition.be Printed in Belgium by Antilope Printing / Xcelleprint Printed on recycled paper THE FORESTS OF THE CONGO BASIN Forests and climate change TABLE OF CONTENTS List of contributors 7 Acronyms 9 Preface 13 Introduction 15 CHAPTER 1 The importance of Central Africa’s forests 17 CHAPTER 2 Climate of Central Africa : past, present and future 37 CHAPTER 3 Interactions between climate characteristics and forests 53 CHAPTER 4 Vulnerability and adaptation of forests and communities in Central Africa 65 CHAPTER 5 The forests of Central Africa : an increased contribution to the mitigation of climate change 79 CHAPTER 6 Forest and climate change in Central Africa : Synergy between Mitigation and Adaptation 93 Conclusions 105 Bibliography 111 Annexes 125 List of contributors Coordination Doumenge Charles - CIRAD de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC Eba’a Atyi Richard - CIFOR Feintrenie Laurène - CIRAD Gond Valery - CIRAD Text review and revision Haensler Andreas - CSC Hiol Hiol François - University of Dschang de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC Hirsch Flore - FRMi Charles Doumenge - CIRAD Kengoum Félicien - CIFOR Bedoret Brigitte Laraque Alain - IRD Halleux Claire - OFAC Loh Chia Eugene - CIFOR Ludwig Fulco - Wageningen University Mahé Gil - IRD Translation Manetsa Djoufack Viviane - University of Yaoundé I Ducenne Quentin – R&SD sia Marquant Baptiste - FRMi Deroo Catherine – R&SD asbl Marshall Michael - ICRAF Rollinson Simon - Pacific Island Projects Martius Christopher - CIFOR Mkankam François - Université des Montagnes Molto Quentin - FRMi Map design Mosnier Aline - IIASA Ndjatsana Michel - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat Halleux Claire - OFAC Pérez-Terán Alba Saray - CIFOR de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC Pokam Wilfried - University of Yaoundé I Schmidt Lars - FRMi Scholte Paul - GIZ Page design and settings Sonwa Denis - CIFOR Weyrich S.A. Sufo-Kankeu Richard - CIFOR de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC Tsalefac Maurice - Universities of Dschang and Yaoundé I Authors Other contributors Bayol Nicolas - FRMi Assembe-Mvondo Samuel - CIFOR Beyene Tazebe - University of Washington Batti Ahmed - FRMi Bodin Blaise - UNEP - WCMC Chevalier Jean-François - FRMi de Wasseige Carlos - OFAC Tadoum Martin - COMIFAC Executive Secretariat Dessard Hélène - CIRAD 7 AcRONYMS AF Adaptation Fund CO2 Carbon dioxide AfDB African Development Bank COBAM Climate Change and Forests in the Congo Basin AGEDUFOR Appui à la Gestion Durable des Forêts de la RDC CoFCCA Congo Basin Forests and Climate Change Adaptation ARECO Association Rwandaise des Ecologistes COMIFAC Central African Forests Commission ASAP Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Program COP Conference of the Parties ASECNA Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation CSC Climate Service center Aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar DFID Department for International Development AUDD Avoided Unplanned Deforestation and DMC Disaster Monitoring Constellation Degradation DRC Democratic Republic of Congo AU-NEPAD African Union - New Partnership for Africa’s Development EbA Ecosystem-Based Adaptation BBOP Business and Biodiversity Offset Program ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States BIOM Biosphere Management Model ECHAM European Centre Hamburg Model BMU German Federal Ministry for the Environment ECOFORAF Eco-certification of forest concessions in central Africa BP Before present ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation BSM Benefit-sharing mechanisms ERA Extension of Rotation Age CA Central Africa ESA European Space Agency CAR Central African Republic EU European Union CBFF Congo Basin Forest Fund FAO Food and Agriculture Organization CBFP Congo Basin Forest Partnership FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security FIP Forest Investment Program CDM Clean Development Mechanism FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade CED Center for Environment and Development FORAFAMA Support for the sustainable management of CEMAC Central African Economic and Monetary forests in the Congo Basin and the Brazilian Community Amazon Basin CER Certified Emission Reductions FRA Forest Resources Assessment CGIAR Consultative Group on International FRELs Forest Reference Emission Levels Agricultural Research FRLS Forest Reference Levels CICOS International Commission for the Congo- Oubangui-Sangha Basin FRM Forêt Ressources Management CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research FSC Forest Stewardship Council CIRAD Center for International Agricultural FSCD ClimDev Special Fund research for development FSF Fast-Start Financing CN REDD REDD National Coordination GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance CNCM National Centre for Meteorological GCF Green Climate Fund Research - Coupled Models CNRS National Center for Scientific Research 9 GCM Global Climate Models / General LEDS Low Emissions Development Strategy Circulation Model LPJ-ml Lund-Potsdam-Jena-managed lands GCOS Global Climate Observing System LTPF Logged to Protected Forest GCS Global Comparative Study LUCF Land-Use Change and Forestry GDP Gross domestic product MDG-F Millennium Development Goals GE Green economy Achievement Fund GEF Global Environment Facility MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GHG Greenhouse Gas MRV Measurement, Reporting and Verification GIZ German Agency for International Cooperation NAP National Adaptation Plan GLOBIOM Global Biosphere Management Model NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action GTS Global Telecommunication Systems NCBs Non-Carbon Benefits HCVF High Conservation Value Forests NCs National Communications ICF International Climate Fund NGO Non Governmental Organization ICRAF International Centre for Research in NTFP Non-Timber Forest Product Agroforestry OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation IFAD International Fund for Agricultural and Development Development OFAC Observatory for the Forests of Central IFM Improved Forest Management Africa IIASA International Institute for Applied Systems OLB Origin and Legality of Timber Analysis ORSTOM Office of Scientific and Technical Research IKI International Climate Initiative Overseas INDC Intended Nationally Determined PAPPFG Gabonese project for development of small Contribution forestry permits INDEFOR National Institute for Forest Development - PES Payments for Ecosystem Services Equatorial Guinea PFES Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services IOC Interoceanic Convergence PNIA National Agricultural Investment Program IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience Change PS6 Performance Standards 6 IPSL Institut Pierre Simon Laplace des Sciences de l’Environnement Global RAFM African Network of Model Forests IRD Institute of Development Research REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone REDD - PAC REDD+ Policy Assessment Centre ITF Inter-Tropical Front RIL Reduced Impact Logging IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature RMTN Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network JMA Joint Mitigation and Adaptation Mechanism ROSE Network of local NGOs in south-eastern JRC Joint Research Centre Cameroon LCBC Lake Chad Basin Commission R-PIN Readiness Plan Idea Note LDC Least Developed Countries R-PP Readiness Preparation Proposal LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund SATCOM Satellite Communications LED Low Emissions Development 10 SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice SCCF Special Climate Change Fund SFM Sustainable forest management SIEREM Système d’Informations Environnementales sur les Ressources en Eau et leur Modélisation SIS Safeguard Information Systems SOF State of the Forest SPA Strategic Priority for Adaptation SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios SST Sea Surface Temperatures TLTV Timber Legality and Traceability Verif ication TREES Tropical forest monitoring from Satellite remote sensing UCL Catholic University of Louvain UEFA Union pour l’Emancipation de la Femme Autochtone UK United Kingdom UN United Nations Organization UN-DESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme
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