The Hoarders

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Hoarders The Hoarders THE HOARDERS university of chicago press Chicago and London scott herring is associate professor in the Department of English at Indiana University. He is the author of Another Country: Queer Anti-Urbanism and Queering the Underworld: Slumming, Literature, and the Undoing of Lesbian and Gay History, also published by the University of Chicago Press. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2014 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2014. Printed in the United States of America 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 isbn-13: 978-0-226-17168-5 (cloth) isbn-13: 978-0-226-17171-5 (paper) isbn-13: 978-0-226-17185-2 (e-book) doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226171852.001.0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Herring, Scott, 1976– author. The hoarders : material deviance in modern American culture / Scott Herring. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-226-17168-5 (cloth : alkaline paper) — isbn 978-0-226-17171-5 (paperback : alkaline paper) — isbn 978-0-226-17185-2 (e-book) 1. Compulsive hoarding—Popular works. 2. Compulsive hoarding—Patients—Public opinion. I. Title. rc569.5.h63h47 2014 616.85′84—dc23 2014013969 This paper meets the requirements of ansi/niso z39.48 –1992 (Permanence of Paper). For Marty Dowling CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 19 2 51 3 85 4 112 Note on Method 143 Notes 147 Index 177 hen I was a child, some afternoons my mother would drive us out to a small neighborhood community—nothing more than a street of compact houses—called Wilkes Circle. Here she grew up on the edge Wof poverty, her bricklayer father dead before her thirteenth birthday, her unemployed mother killed by cancer four months after her marriage to my father at the age of twenty. She sorely missed this childhood home, a site of pleasure as much as trauma. She would park the car in front of her old address. She would reminisce. We would slowly pull away. Though it felt like visiting a personal shrine, I had dim awareness of her incalculable losses. On our way to Wilkes Circle we would often pass a house unlike others from my mother’s formative years. Google Maps tells me it was 1027 Woodward Road in the town of Midfi eld, Alabama. This residence was large—a “mansion,” my mother recalls—but far from impressive. A tiny yet dense forest of magno- lias and pines shielded most of the house from public viewing. A chain-link fence laced with weeds surrounded the property. Litter covered its grounds. The neighborhood children, my mother remembers when I ask years later for de- tails, spun wild tales of the home’s owner as they marveled at the things strewn about his lawn. They fantasized about his riches, his solitude, his craziness, his squalor on the inside. Kids being kids, they would sometimes toss a rock at the house hoping that someone would rush out the front door and yell them off. They named this unseen spectacle the Rat Man. Over repeated trips back to Wilkes Circle, my mother’s Rat Man became my own. I too grew enthralled by this person. He inspired fascination, dread, and no small amount of revulsion. His house was far different from my suburban home, which was vacuumed regularly and dusted weekly. A photograph of our smiling family hung in the hallway. The living room harbored an antique cu- rio cabinet fi lled with keepsakes: framed wedding photos, bronze-dipped baby shoes, a Hallmark holiday ornament. The only clutter in sight was a pile of magazines or some overdue self-help books checked out from the downtown library. My house read normal; the Rat Man’s cracked. I never once saw anyone enter or exit the Rat Man’s home, even though I spied intently from our moving car. When I imagined the owner, I thought only of a lonely male draped in black with a white bandage wrapped around his head. | ix Thinking back, I see now that my six-year-old self had confused the Rat Man with the lead actor in The Elephant Man, David Lynch’s 1980 cinematic render- ing of John (Joseph Carey) Merrick, a disabled Victorian male known largely for his cranial irregularities. This makes historical sense. If they are to be trusted, YouTube posts of promotional advertisements show that the cable television channel Home Box Offi ce (HBO) broadcast the fi lm in January 1982. The pro- motion voice-over describes Merrick as a “hooded, shambling curiosity in a Victorian freak show.” I vaguely remember watching clips of this fi lm during one of the channel’s occasional free trials. The trepidation that the “Elephant Man” inspired easily transferred onto the material and human contents of 1027 Woodward Road. I open with this vignette for a good reason: in the midst of my research I real- ized that my mother’s childhood name for this local curiosity was an abbrevia- tion for Pack Rat Man. In her recollection she had dropped half of the popular term for those who collect many things. When she described the house, she was not quoting Sigmund Freud’s classic 1909 essay on obsessional neurosis, a mental illness whose parameters the Austrian psychoanalyst refi ned through a case history he referred to as the “Rat Man.” My mother was simply repeat- ing neighborhood lore of the American South’s working poor. It is nevertheless clear to me that I aimed my childhood terror at someone that many today would consider a compulsive hoarder. I had turned this pack rat into a one-man freak show, but I was not the only one then, nor am I the only one now. While it can be an unreliable resource, Wikipedia fi ttingly lists Merrick’s occupations before his untimely death as “sideshow performer” and “Medical Research Subject.” How did I come at such a young age to think of the Pack Rat Man and his residence as a wrongful aberration and my domestic life as an ordinary ideal? Who put this idea into my head? If I learned from my parents, then who taught them? Why were fear and disgust my default emotional responses to someone I had never met, let alone sighted? It is not inconceivable that this man lived a wonderful life with a wonderful family, each content on their lot and happy amidst their things. Or that a solitary woman lived there in lieu of a solitary male. It is feasible that I could have been inspired by the example of this house rather than repelled by it. One initial answer to these questions is that I made sense of the Pack Rat Man thanks to a fi ctive version of a sideshow performer on cable TV, one that antici- pated a later rash of shows medicalizing real-life hoarders as walking patholo- gies. Even at my early age, I was learning that it is diffi cult to fathom hoarders without appreciating the extensive cultural systems that aid their identifi cation: this is the main argument of my book. Many of us are aware that hoarding can cause pain. We know that hoarding can hurt. We know fi rsthand, by word of x | preface and acknowledgments mouth, or by fl ipping on the television that pack rats, like everyone else, can be depressed, anxious, traumatized, and grief-stricken. During and after their lives, their emotional diffi culties and their piles of stuff can lead to unjustifi - able stress on loved ones and neighbors. These are unremarkable, irrefutable claims, and my comments to come refl ect no desire to discount anyone’s lived reality. But what else might there be for us to know? How did common sense about hoarders and their hardships—my knowledge about them as a child, for instance, or my perception of them as an adult—come to be? These are delicate questions to mull over, especially if we want to avoid sen- sationalizing this topic. Patience is not always my strongest suit, but I remain someone trained to take a topic and worry it for years at a time. Luckily, I am employed by a public research university to wonder about things, where they come from, how they make sense of our worlds. This book tries hard to think about what my six-year-old self did not already know about hoarders. Given that a certain line of thinking about such persons has hardened in conversations in- side and outside psycho-medical institutions, the time feels ripe to reassess our knowledge of pack rats, extreme accumulators, and clutter addicts. The Hoarders thus offers my petrifi ed childhood a different way of grasping its heightened response to the Pack Rat Man. I haven’t made it back to Wilkes Circle in some time. When I visited it last, I was not surprised to see the Rat Man’s house demolished. In one of many iro- nies that often circulate around these individuals, row after row of storage units called Fairfi eld Discount Self Storage replaced the dwelling. Little trace remains of this individual save for memories that my mother and I now share when we muse over my youth spent watching her mourn her own. Given a few of the sto- ries I am about to tell you, this vanishing is terribly fi tting. I offer my appreciation to the many librarians, curators, and archivists who as- sisted this book. The New York Public Library held the core of chapter 1.
Recommended publications
  • Psychopathology-Madjirova.Pdf
    NADEJDA PETROVA MADJIROVA PSYCHOPATHOLOGY psychophysiological and clinical aspects PLOVDIV 2005 I devote this book to all my patients that shared with me their intimate problems. © Nadejda Petrova Madjirova, 2015 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS Prof. Dr. Nadejda Petrova Madjirova, MD, PhD, DMSs Reviewer: Prof. Rumen Ivandv Stamatov, PhD, DPS Prof. Drozdstoj Stoyanov Stoyanov, PhD, MD Design: Nadejda P. Madjirova, MD, PhD, DMSc. Prepress: Galya Gerasimova Printed by ISBN I. COMMON ASPECTS IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY “A wise man ought to realize that health is his most valuable possession” Hippocrates C O N T E N T S I. Common aspects in psychophysiology. ..................................................1 1. Some aspects on brain structure. ....................................................5 2. Lateralisation of the brain hemispheres. ..........................................7 II. Experimental Psychology. ..................................................................... 11 1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. .................................................................... 11 2. John Watson’s experiments with little Albert. .................................15 III. Psychic spheres. ...................................................................................20 1. Perception – disturbances..............................................................21 2. Disturbances of Will .......................................................................40 3. Emotions ........................................................................................49
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature and Treatment of Hoarding Disorder
    11/19/2013 THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF HOARDING DISORDER Randy Frost, PhD Nov. 25 & 26, 2013 Canad Inn Polo Park 1405 St. Matthews Avenue Winnipeg, MB ROAD MAP | Phenomenology | Diagnostic & Assessment | Conceptual Model | Motivation & Treatment | Other Interventions RECENT BOOKS Houghton/Mifflin/Harco urt Oxford University Press Tr ea Tme n Ts Th aT Wo r k Treatment for Hoarding Disorder Treat ment for Second Edition Hoarding Disorder Sec o n d Ed i t i o n WORKBOOK Gail SteKetee theRapiSt Guide Ran d y O. FROSt Gail Steketee Ra n d y O. FROSt 2 1 11/19/2013 OTHER HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO HOARDING | Shakespeare’s Shylock from The Merchant of Venice (1597) | Nikolai Gogol’s Plyushkin from Dead Souls (()1842) | Charles Dickens’ Krook from Bleak House (1850) | George Elliot’s Silas Marner (1861) | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes (1890s) MODERN DAY CASES Skokie Hoarder Dies in Home; Removed Via Hole in Roof – “A hoard er was stuck in so much garbage and debris and junk that when she died, she had to be removed through a hole cut into the roof of her hovel.” IndyPosted, July 20, 2010 ANDY WARHOL 2 11/19/2013 WHAT IS COMPULSIVE HOARDING? | The acquisition of, and failure to discard, a large 34:341-350 Frost & Hartl, number of possessions Behav ResTher 1996; | Living spaces that are sufficiently cluttered as to preclude their intended use | Significant distress or impairment caused by the clutter MANIFESTATIONS OF HOARDING Acquisition Saving Disorganization ACQUISITION y Buying y Free Things y Stealing y Passive 3 11/19/2013 COMPULSIVE SAVING / DIFFICULTY DISCARDING | Types of items y Clothes, newspapers, books, containers y DSM-IV – worthless & worn | Attachments y Sentimental y Instrumental y Intrinsic DISORGANIZATION | Condition of Home y Clutter y Mixed importance | Behavior y Churning y Out of sight fear OTHER CORE FEATURES OF HOARDING |Indecisiveness |Perfectionism |Procrastination |Central Coherence 4 11/19/2013 DIAGNOSIS OF HOARDING AND THE DSM HOARDING AND DSM-5: INCLUSION CRITERIA | A.
    [Show full text]
  • Mantha Mylene 2014 Memoire.Pdf
    Université de Montréal Perception de soi et de l’accumulation d’objets chez les personnes présentant des comportements de Hoarding. par Mylène Mantha École de service social Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maitre ès en Sciences en Service Social Avril, 2014 © Mylène Mantha, 2014 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé : Perception de soi et de l’accumulation d’objets chez les personnes présentant des comportements de Hoarding. Présenté par : Mylène Mantha a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Simon Louis Lajeunesse, directeur de recherche Marie-Laurence Poirel, membre du jury Sue-Ann MacDonald, membre du jury i RÉSUMÉ L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de comprendre la signification de l’accumulation d’objets pour la personne présentant des comportements de hoarding. Dans une perspective constructiviste, nous utilisons la construction empirique de la théorie afin d’analyser 8 entrevues. Les théories d’Erving Goffman et d’Howard Becker sur la stigmatisation et la culture d’exclusion nous permettent de comprendre et d’analyser la construction des liens sociaux chez les personnes présentant des comportements de hoarding. De même, l’application de l’approche d’Elkaïm à cette problématique nous permet de comprendre un des principaux défis de l’intervention auprès de cette population, la double contrainte. L’analyse nous permet de distinguer 3 profils de hoarder. Ce travail s’inscrit sous un paradigme encore jamais utilisé pour comprendre la problématique du hoarding et propose une compréhension propre au travail social, différente du modèle médical qui prédomine actuellement dans l’intervention et la littérature scientifique.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Hull Effects of Compulsive Hoarding and The
    The University of Hull Effects of compulsive hoarding and the search for help as experienced by one family member and one researcher Being a thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in the University of Hull By Timothy Paul Buescher (BSc) (May 2018) 1 For Sarah, Peggy and Ted 2 Acknowledgements There are a lot of people to thank for the existence of this work. So many wonderful people educated me, nurtured me, rescued me from myself and had more patience than ought to be expected of anyone with me going back long before I could ever have conceived of writing a thesis. I can’t name them all here and they wouldn’t be reading this but they all are owed. The idea that I could and perhaps should write a thesis came from one of the most dynamic and inspiring forces I have ever met. Judith Dyson not only saw me through the toughest of times towards the end of my BSc but went on to continue exemplifying the patient, non-judgemental stance through an unpredictable, unorthodox and sometimes uncertain doctoral path. In suggesting that I approach Fiona Cowdell to accompany us on this path, you showed how well you knew me despite (at the time) our having not known each other all that long. Fiona, you have given me so much encouragement in taking the route less travelled and have proved to be a repository of all manner of valuable experience and knowledge. For supervisors I couldn’t ask for more. Thankyou. As mentioned above, there has been some turbulence throughout the process of completing this work and Sarah, Peggy and Ted have borne the brunt of it in temperamental days, absent days and long monologues on subjects which were frankly not of interest or value to you.
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsions Free Compulsions Charge
    FREE COMPULSIONS PDF Rockne S O'Bannon,Keith R A DeCandido,Will Sliney | 112 pages | 27 Dec 2011 | Boom! Studios | 9781608866397 | English | Los Angeles, United States International OCD Foundation | What is OCD? People with OCD may have symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, or both. These symptoms can interfere with all aspects of life, such as work, Compulsions, and personal relationships. Obsessions are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety. Common symptoms include:. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors Compulsions a person with OCD feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought. Common compulsions include:. Not all rituals or habits are compulsions. Everyone double checks things sometimes. But a person with OCD generally:. Some Compulsions with OCD also have a tic disorder. Motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements, such as Compulsions blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Common vocal tics include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds. Symptoms may come and go, ease over time, or worsen. People with OCD may try to help themselves by avoiding situations that trigger their obsessions, or they may use alcohol or drugs to calm themselves. Parents or teachers typically recognize OCD symptoms in Compulsions. If you think you have OCD, talk to your Compulsions about your symptoms. If left untreated, OCD can interfere in all aspects of life. OCD is a common disorder that affects adults, adolescents, and children all over the world. Most people are diagnosed by about age 19, typically with an earlier age of onset in boys than in Compulsions, but onset after age 35 does happen.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Literaturverzeichnis
    7 Literaturverzeichnis 1 Abrams RC, Lachs M, McAvay G, Keohane DJ, Bruce ML: Predictors of self-neglect in community-dwelling elders. Am J Psychiatry 159[10] (2002) 1724-1730 2 American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association, 4th edn., Washington DC, 1994 3 Arieti S: Interpretation of schizophrenia. Second edition, Basic, New York, 1974 4 Barocka A, Seehuber D, Schone D: Sammeln und Horten: ein Messie kann nicht anders. Die Wohnung als Müllhalde. Fortschr Med 146[45] (2004) 36-39 5 Beauchet O, Imler D, Cadet L, Blanc P, Ramboa, P., Girtanner, C., Gonthier, R: Le syndrome de Diogène du sujet âgé: forme clinique d`un dysfonctionnement frontal? À propos de quatre observations. Rev Med Interne 23[2] (2002) 122-131 6 Böcker FM, Jeschke F, Brieger P: Psychiatrische Versorgung in Sachsen-Anhalt: Einrichtungen und Dienste im Überblick. Psychiatr Prax 28 (2001) 1-9 7 Brieger P: Gemeindenahe Psychiatrieplanung der Stadt Halle. Die Oberbürgermeisterin, Halle/Saale, 2001 8 Calamari JE, Wiegartz PS, Janeck AS: Obsessive-compulsive disorder subgroups: a symptom-based clustering approach. Behav Res Ther 37 (1999) 113-125 9 Cermele JA, Melendez-Pallitto L, Pandina GJ: Intervention in compulsive hoarding. A case study. Behav Modif 25[2] (2001) 214-232 10 Clark AN, Mankikar GD, Gray I: Diogenes syndrome. A clinical study of gross neglect in old age. Lancet 1[7903] (1975) 366-368 11 Clark AN: The Diogenes syndrome. Nurs Times 71[21] (1975) 800-802 12 Clark ANG: Diogenes syndrome. How to assess severe self-imposed neglect. Geriatric Medicine (1980) 65-67 13 Clark J: Neglect: the challenge of senile squalor syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1St Edition
    OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Wayne K Goodman | 9781317200239 | | | | | Advanced Casebook of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders If you decide to participate, a new browser tab will open so you Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1st edition complete the survey after you have completed your visit to this website. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. The "cleaning factor" correlated highly with obsessions about contamination and compulsions related to cleaning. Archived from the original PDF on 19 February Some people with OCD perform compulsive rituals because they inexplicably feel they have to, while others act compulsively so as to mitigate the anxiety that stems from particular obsessive thoughts. Such obsessions, the DSM says, are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images that are experienced as intrusive and that cause marked anxiety or distress. Depression and Anxiety. Generally two categories of models for OCD have been postulated, the first involving deficits in executive function, and the second involving deficits in modulatory control. Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the dimensional obsessive-compulsive scale. Disorder that involves repeated thoughts obsessions that make a person feel driven to do something compulsions. Published Date: 10th July The first category of executive dysfunction is based on the observed structural and functional abnormalities in the dlPFC, striatumand thalamus. Obsessive Children: A Sociopsychiatric Study. Child abusestress [2]. Annual Review of Psychology. More than 50 percent of people experience suicidal tendencies, and 15 percent have attempted suicide. The American Journal of Psychiatry. For example, an individual who engages in compulsive hoarding might be inclined to treat inorganic matter as if it had the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 1st edition or rights of living organisms, while accepting that such behavior is irrational on a more intellectual level.
    [Show full text]