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Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 4380-PAK STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized PAKISTAN FOURTH DRAINAGE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized April 27, 1983 Public Disclosure Authorized South Asia Projects Department Irrigation I Division This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1 = Rs 13.0 Rs 1 = US$0.08 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES English/US Units Metric Units 1 foot (ft) = 30.5 centimeters (cm) 1 yard (yd) = 0.915 meters (m) 1 mile (mi) = 1.609 kilometers (km) 1 acre (ac) = 0.405 hectare (ha) I square mile (sq mi) = 259 ha 1 pound (lb) = 0.454 kilograms (kg) i long ton (lg ton) = 1,016 kg (1.016 kg) (1.016 metric tons) Pakistani Units English Units Metric Units 1 maund = 82.3 lbs (0.0367 lg ton) = 37.32 kg (0.0373 m tons) 26.8 maunds = 2,205 lbs = 1.0 m tons 27.2 maunds = 1.0 lg ton (2240 lbs) = 1,016 kg ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS USED ac - Acre ADP - Annual Development Program AO - Agricultural Officer cca - Canal Commanded Area cusecs - cubic feet per second EC - Electric Conductivity (of water or other solutions) ECNEC - Executive Committee of the National Economic Council FA - Field Assistant FGW - Fresh Groundwater ga - Gross Area GOP - Government of Pakistan GOPunjab - Government of Punjab Province ICB - International Competitive Bidding LCB - Local Competitive Bidding m - Meter M - Million maf - Million Acre Feet M&E - Monitoring & Evaluation mmhos/cm - millimhos per centimeter (unit of electric conductance) FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY NDB .- Non-Development Budget OFWM - On-Farm Water Management O&M - Operation & Maintenance PCC - Project Coordination Committee PLA - Personal Ledger Account PLL - Precision Land Levelling PID - Punjab Irrigation and Power Department ppm - parts per million RAP - Revised Action Programme for Irrigated Agriculture RSC - Residual Sodium Carbonate SAR - Sodium Adsorption Ratio SCARP - Salinity Control and Reclamation Project SGW - Saline Groundwater t - metric ton TDS - Total Dissolved Solids TW - Tubewell USAID - US Agency for International Development WAPDA - Water and Power Development Authority WMA - Water Management Assistant WMO - Water Management Officer WMS - Water Management Supervisor WUA - Water Users' Association GLOSSARY chak - lowest order of irrigation command (about 400 ac) doab - land between rivers kareze - traditional irrigation system with tunnel-like delivery channel kharif - wet season (mid-April to mid-October) katcha nucca - temporary outlet in earthen ditch bank mogha - uncontrolled outlet from parent canal to chak pucca nucca - permanent (masonry or concrete) outlet rabi - dry season (mid-October to mid-April) sarkari khal - communal portion of watercourse warabundi - rotational schedule of irrigation deliveries to farmers watercourse - irrigation distribution system in a chak FISCAL YEAR July 1 - June 30 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. -ii- pAKUSTAN FOURTH DRAINAGE PROJECT Table of Contents Page No. I. PACKCROUND ............................................ 1 General .................. 2 Irrigation Distribution Systems. 2 Draina83e ...................................... 3 II. THE PROJECT AREA. 7 Phvsical Features. 7 Agriciiltural Production .11 Agricultural Inputs and Services .13 III. TTIEPROJECT ................. 13 Objectives ......... 13 Subsurface Drainage .14 Surface Drainage ..... ... 18 On-Farm IJater M-¶anagement and Extension .............. 18 TV. PROJECT COSTS, FINANCING, PROCUREMENTAND DISBURSEMIENTS . 20 Cost Estimates .20 Financing .21 Procurement .22 Disbursements .23 V. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 24 Operation and Maintenance .27 Implementation Schedule. 28 Technical Assistance and Training .28 Monitoring and Evaluation. 29 VI. PROnUCTITON, lMARKETINGAND PRICES, FARM INCOME AND CnST PErOVTERY ....................................... 31 Agricultural Impact .31 14arketinr and Prices .................................... 32 Farm Income ............. 34 Cost Recover .34 VII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION .............................. 36 VIII. AGREEMENTS REACHED .................................... 38 -iii- LIST OF ANNEXES ANNEX 1 Cost Tables Table 1 - Subsurface Drainage, Civil Works Table 2 - Subsurface Drainage, Equipment and Vehicles Table 3 - Subsurface Drainage, Equipment and Vehicles (continued) Table 4 - Subsurface Drainage, Technical Assistance Table 5 - Subsurface Drainage, Training Table 6 - Surface Drainage Table 7 - On-Farm Water Management and Extension Table 8 - Project Expenditure by Time Table 9 - Disbursement Schedule for IDA Credit ANNEX 2 Implementation Schedule ANNEX 3 Procurement Schedules Table 1 - Civil Works for Subsurface and Surface Drainage Table 2 - Equipment and Vehicles Table 3 - Technical Assistance ANNEX 4 Procedures for Operation of Civil Works Imprest Account ANNEX 5 Consultants Terms of Reference ANNEX 6 Financial and Economic Tables PLATES I Water Balance (Present), Indus Plains and Peshawar Vale II Organizational Chart - Drainage III Organizational Chart - On-Farm Water Management MAPS IBRD Map 16902 : PAKISTAN - Fourth Drainage Project PAKISTAN FOURTH DRAINAGE PROJECT STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT I. BACKGROUND 1.01 Pakistan-s extensive irrigation systems (40 M ac) were largely developed without provision for subsurface drainage and minimal provision for surface drainage. As a result, the watertable underlying the Indus Plain has risen, leading to serious problems of waterlogging 1/ and salinity in many areas. Recognizing this situation, the "Revised Action Programme for Irrigated Agriculture" (RAP) 2/ accorded high investment priority to projects involving subsurface drainage in irrigated areas with a high watertable of unusable groundwater. In a policy statement in connection with the Struc- tural Adjustment Program, 3/ the Government of Pakistan's (GOP) Minister of Finance indicated that critical drainage of waterlogged and saline areas would be one of five priority program areas in the agricultural and water sectors to receive emphasis in future public expenditures. 1.02 In line with RAP's recommendations and GOP's policies, the Bank included an Irrigation/Drainage IV Project in the FY83 IDA Lending Program. An IDA identification mission visited Pakistan in October 1981 to discuss the proposed project. The Secretary of the Ministry of Water and Power and the Secretary of Punjab-s Department of Irrigation and Power determined that the Lower Rechna Doab would be designated as the site for the proposed drainage project with subsurface drainage as a main component. An IDA appraisal mission comprising Messrs. W. D. Fairchild, C. P. Cheng, J. Mohamadi, W. Peters, P. Streng, U. Qamar and R. Winger, visited Pakistan from June 19 to July 12, 1982. Two feasibility reports prepared by WAPDA, "Lower Rechna Remaining Sub-project" (May 1982) covering the Samundri I, Samundri II and Paharang units, and "Khairwala Unit Lower Rechna Remaining" (June 1982) served as the principal reference documents for the appraisal mission. The mission found that most of the project area is in desperate need of drainage. 1/ The term "waterlogging" reflects common usage in Pakistan to denote a high water table. 2/ Published in May 1979 by Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and based on a four-year Indus Basin Planning Study, funded by UNDP with the Bank as executing agency. 3/ Supported by a Bank Group Structural Adjustment Loan and Credit (Ln. 2166-PAK and Cr. 1255-PAK). The severity of the waterlogging problem and its deleterious impact on crop production are even greater than indicated in these two reports. General 1.03 Pakistan has a total land area of 196.7 M ac. Only 40% of this, or about 78.0 M ac is suitable for crop, range and forest production. About 40.0 M ac of the cultivable land is commanded for irrigation where about 90% of the nation's total agricultural production is generated. The remaining 14.7 M ac of cultivable land is either dependent on flood moisture (sailaba) or rainfall (barani). 1.04 Agriculture dominates Pakistan's economy. It contributes about 30% to GDP, provides about two-thirds of total exports, and employs some 55% of the nation's 24.6 million labor force, thus keeping about 70% of the popula- tion (83.8 million) in rural areas. During the period FY77-81, Pakistan's annual economic growth rate exceeded 6%, a marked increase over the 3.7% for the FY71-76 period. At the same time, the agricultural growth rate increased from 1.7% in FY71-76 to 4.2% in FY77-81. Even so, the per capita annual income in Pakistan is only about US$300 (Bank's estimate for 1980) with approximately 30% of the population having income below US$150. The doubling of the growth rate in the agricultural sector during the late 1970s can be attributed partly to favorable weather; however, a major factor was farmer response to GOP's policy of raising support prices for agricultural crops, programs to improve the reliability of irrigation water supplies, and increased availability of agricultural credit and fertilizer. At the same time GOP has been reducing, with a goal to eliminating, subsidies on non-water agricultural inputs. Irrigation Distribution Systems 1.05 Indus Irrigation System. The first controlled