Lecture 1 Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy

Reproductive Physiology

Lecture 1: Female Anatomy

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Learning Objectives Equine - Horse

• To be able to describe the female Male Stallion Female Mare reproductive system in cattle. »Structure »Function

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Bovine - Cattle Ovine - Sheep Male Bull Female Cow Male Ram Female Ewe

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Male Rooster Female Hen Male Boar Female Sow

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Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Rectum

Ovary Oviduct

Vulva Oviduct Ovary

Vagina Bladder Pelvis

Vagina Bladder Cervix Oviduct

Urethra Broad

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Broad Ligament Broad Ligament

• connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ovary Ovary - Primary Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte • Functions »Hormonal • Estrogen • »Female gamete • Oocyte Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone

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Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ovary () Primary follicle Germinal Egg nest Epithelium

Cortex 85% of Ovarian Tertiary Cancers follicle

Medulla Atretic follicle Secondary Tunica follicle Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus Corpus } Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07

Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle

Tertiary Tertiary follicle follicle

Atretic follicle Atretic follicle Secondary Secondary follicle follicle

Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Primordial Follicle Primary follicle Follicle Cells (ovulation) • Flattened cells Nucleus surround oocyte

Tertiary follicle Primary Follicle Ooplasma

• Increase in size of oocyte and Follicular Cells height of follicular cells

Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Secondary Oocyte • Surrounded by several follicle layers of follicular cells

Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid Corpus Corpus albicans filled cavity Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum • Differentiation of cell layers Antrum Updated:9/13/07 in the follicle wall

Tertiary Follicle Tertiary Follicle

Theca Externa Antrum () Theca Interna Granulosa

Basement Membrane Oocyte Cumulus Granulosa Oophorus

Oocyte Antrum

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Follicular Blood Supply Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes Theca interna cells to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Basement Membrane

Granulosa cells Serosa

Capillary Follicular network fluid Submucosa

Lumen Longitudinal layer Circular smooth Mucosa muscle layer Muscularis

Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Horn Functions of Oviduct Isthmus • Gamete Transport Utero-Tubal Junction »Sperm Oviduct »Oocyte Ampullary-Isthmic Junction • Supports early Ampulla embryo development Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) • Transport of embryo Ostium

to uterus Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria

Ovary Follicle Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07

Oviduct Oviduct Histology

Mucosa Ampulla •Ciliated Columnar Mesosalpinx •Nonciliated Columnar

Isthmus

UT Junction

Uterine Horn

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Functions of the Uterus Uterus (bovine) horn • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis Bicornuate body • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • » poorly to moderately » capacitation developed uterine • Provides environment for embryo and fetal horns cervix growth » uterine body • Hormone production » one cervix » Prostaglandin F2α production

Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Histology Caruncles

Endometrial Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Glands

Uterine Histology Mucosa Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Endometrial Endometrium Gland • Reservoir for sperm Submucosa • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal

Myometrium

Perimetrium

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COW Uterine Body Cervix • Cervix is composed Internal Cervical Os of thick connective COW tissue Internal Os • Mucus is secreted near the time of Cervix breeding and Cervical Cervical ovulation. Ring Cow has 4-5 Ring annular rings Fornix Fornix

External Cervical Os External Os EWE Fornix Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Functions of the Vagina Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix • Copulatory organ Fornix • Glands secrete lubrication Vulva- • Birth canal Vaginal Sphincter Stratified • Glands secrete pheromones Columnar Squamous Epithelium Epithelium

Mucosa

Submucosa Submucosa

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Posterior Vaginal Histology Function of External Genitalia • »Closes entrance to vagina Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Clitoris »Female sensory organ

Mucosa

Updated:9/13/07 Submucosa Updated:9/13/07

External Genitalia of the Cow Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth Anus • female bedbug - no vagina Vulva • hysterectomy - if woman went to long Labia without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses

Clitoris • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false Labia scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male

Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle Egg nest

Tertiary follicle

Atretic follicle Secondary follicle

Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07