Lecture 1 Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
Reproductive Physiology
Lecture 1: Female Anatomy
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Learning Objectives Equine - Horse
• To be able to describe the female Male Stallion Female Mare reproductive system in cattle. »Structure »Function
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Bovine - Cattle Ovine - Sheep Male Bull Female Cow Male Ram Female Ewe
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Male Rooster Female Hen Male Boar Female Sow
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Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Rectum
Vulva Oviduct Cervix Ovary
Vagina Bladder Pelvis
Vagina Bladder Cervix Oviduct
Urethra Broad Ligament Clitoris Vulva
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Broad Ligament Broad Ligament mesometrium
• connective tissue mesovarium sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
mesosalpinx Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ovary Ovary - Primary Sex Organ Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte • Functions »Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone »Female gamete • Oocyte Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone
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Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ovary (ovulation) Primary follicle Germinal Egg nest Epithelium
Cortex 85% of Ovarian Tertiary Cancers follicle
Medulla Atretic follicle Secondary Tunica follicle Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus Corpus Corpus albicans } Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07
Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle
Tertiary Tertiary follicle follicle
Atretic follicle Atretic follicle Secondary Secondary follicle follicle
Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Primordial Follicle Primary follicle Follicle Cells (ovulation) • Flattened cells Nucleus surround oocyte
Tertiary follicle Primary Follicle Ooplasma
• Increase in size of oocyte and Follicular Cells height of follicular cells
Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Secondary Oocyte • Surrounded by several follicle layers of follicular cells
Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid Corpus Corpus albicans filled cavity Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum • Differentiation of cell layers Antrum Updated:9/13/07 in the follicle wall
Tertiary Follicle Tertiary Follicle
Theca Externa Theca Interna Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Granulosa
Basement Membrane Oocyte Cumulus Granulosa Oophorus
Oocyte Antrum
Updated:9/13/07 Cumulus Oophorus Updated:9/13/07
Follicular Blood Supply Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes Theca interna cells to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Basement Membrane
Granulosa cells Serosa
Capillary Follicular network fluid Submucosa
Lumen Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth Mucosa muscle layer Muscularis
Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Horn Functions of Oviduct Isthmus • Gamete Transport Utero-Tubal Junction »Sperm Oviduct »Oocyte Ampullary-Isthmic Junction • Supports early Ampulla embryo development Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) • Transport of embryo Ostium
to uterus Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria
Ovary Follicle Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07
Oviduct Oviduct Histology
Mucosa Ampulla •Ciliated Columnar Mesosalpinx •Nonciliated Columnar
Isthmus
UT Junction
Uterine Horn
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Functions of the Uterus Uterus (bovine) horn • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis Bicornuate body • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • » poorly to moderately » capacitation developed uterine • Provides environment for embryo and fetal horns cervix growth » uterine body • Hormone production » one cervix » Prostaglandin F2α production
Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Histology Caruncles Endometrium
Endometrial Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Perimetrium Myometrium Glands
Uterine Histology Mucosa Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Endometrial Endometrium Gland • Reservoir for sperm Submucosa • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal
Myometrium
Perimetrium
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COW Uterine Body Cervix • Cervix is composed Internal Cervical Os of thick connective COW tissue Internal Os • Mucus is secreted near the time of Cervix breeding and Cervical Cervical ovulation. Ring Cow has 4-5 Ring annular rings Fornix Fornix
External Cervical Os External Os EWE Fornix Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Functions of the Vagina Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix • Copulatory organ Fornix • Glands secrete lubrication Vulva- • Birth canal Vaginal Sphincter Stratified • Glands secrete pheromones Columnar Squamous Epithelium Urethra Epithelium
Mucosa
Submucosa Submucosa
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Posterior Vaginal Histology Function of External Genitalia • Labia »Closes entrance to vagina Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Clitoris »Female sensory organ
Mucosa
Updated:9/13/07 Submucosa Updated:9/13/07
External Genitalia of the Cow Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth Anus • female bedbug - no vagina Vulva • hysterectomy - if woman went to long Labia without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses
Clitoris • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false Labia scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male
Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle Egg nest
Tertiary follicle
Atretic follicle Secondary follicle
Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07