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PPT Slides Handout As Lecture 1 Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Female Anatomy Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Learning Objectives Equine - Horse • To be able to describe the female Male Stallion Female Mare reproductive system in cattle. »Structure »Function Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Bovine - Cattle Ovine - Sheep Male Bull Female Cow Male Ram Female Ewe Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Porcine - Swine - Pig Avian - Chicken Male Rooster Female Hen Male Boar Female Sow Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Rectum Ovary Ovary Uterus Oviduct Vulva Oviduct Cervix Ovary Vagina Bladder Pelvis Vagina Bladder Cervix Oviduct Urethra Broad Ligament Clitoris Vulva Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Broad Ligament Broad Ligament mesometrium • connective tissue mesovarium sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract mesosalpinx Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ovary Ovary - Primary Sex Organ Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte • Functions »Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone »Female gamete • Oocyte Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ovary (ovulation) Primary follicle Germinal Egg nest Epithelium Cortex 85% of Ovarian Tertiary Cancers follicle Medulla Atretic follicle Secondary Tunica follicle Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus Corpus Corpus albicans } Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle Tertiary Tertiary follicle follicle Atretic follicle Atretic follicle Secondary Secondary follicle follicle Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle Primordial Follicle Primary follicle Follicle Cells (ovulation) • Flattened cells Nucleus surround oocyte Tertiary follicle Primary Follicle Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte and Follicular Cells height of follicular cells Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Secondary Oocyte • Surrounded by several follicle layers of follicular cells Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid Corpus Corpus albicans filled cavity Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum • Differentiation of cell layers Antrum Updated:9/13/07 in the follicle wall Tertiary Follicle Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Theca Interna Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Granulosa Basement Membrane Oocyte Cumulus Granulosa Oophorus Oocyte Antrum Updated:9/13/07 Cumulus Oophorus Updated:9/13/07 Follicular Blood Supply Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes Theca interna cells to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Serosa Capillary Follicular network fluid Submucosa Lumen Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth Mucosa muscle layer Muscularis Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Horn Functions of Oviduct Isthmus • Gamete Transport Utero-Tubal Junction »Sperm Oviduct »Oocyte Ampullary-Isthmic Junction • Supports early Ampulla embryo development Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) • Transport of embryo Ostium to uterus Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Follicle Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Oviduct Oviduct Histology Mucosa Ampulla •Ciliated Columnar Mesosalpinx •Nonciliated Columnar Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Functions of the Uterus Uterus (bovine) horn • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis Bicornuate body • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • » poorly to moderately » capacitation developed uterine • Provides environment for embryo and fetal horns cervix growth » uterine body • Hormone production » one cervix » Prostaglandin F2α production Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Uterine Histology Caruncles Endometrium Endometrial Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Perimetrium Myometrium Glands Uterine Histology Mucosa Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Endometrial Endometrium Gland • Reservoir for sperm Submucosa • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal Myometrium Perimetrium Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 COW Uterine Body Cervix • Cervix is composed Internal Cervical Os of thick connective COW tissue Internal Os • Mucus is secreted near the time of Cervix breeding and Cervical Cervical ovulation. Ring Cow has 4-5 Ring annular rings Fornix Fornix External Cervical Os External Os EWE Fornix Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Vagina Updated:9/13/07 Functions of the Vagina Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix • Copulatory organ Fornix • Glands secrete lubrication Vulva- • Birth canal Vaginal Sphincter Stratified • Glands secrete pheromones Columnar Squamous Epithelium Urethra Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa Submucosa Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Posterior Vaginal Histology Function of External Genitalia • Labia »Closes entrance to vagina Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Clitoris »Female sensory organ Mucosa Updated:9/13/07 Submucosa Updated:9/13/07 External Genitalia of the Cow Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth Anus • female bedbug - no vagina Vulva • hysterectomy - if woman went to long Labia without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses Clitoris • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false Labia scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated:9/13/07 Updated:9/13/07 Ruptured follicle Tertiary follicle (ovulation) Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Atretic follicle Secondary follicle Corpus Corpus albicans Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum Updated:9/13/07.
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