Churches on Vietnam Anglican Mystics of 14Th Century The

: • '

The WITNESS MARCH 11, 1965 icw publication.

and Editorial reuse for Churches on Vietnam required Permission DFMS. / Articles Church Anglican Mystics of 14th Century Episcopal the

of William S. Hill

Archives The Forgotten Service 2020. Corwin C. Roach Copyright

NEWS FEATURES: - NCC Acts on Many Vital Issues. Peace Advocates Hear Plea for World-Wide Great Society

•-- mrftfmimi ifrmr i^-**^*****:- . -»***^-~*z*vzr-*^ SERVICES The Witness SERVICES In Leading Churches For Christ and His Church In Leading Churches EDITORIAL BOARD NEW YORK CITY CHRIST CHURCH THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH JOHN MoGnx Kmnui, Chairman CAMBBIDGE, MASS. OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE W. B. Sporano S*., Managing Editor The Rev. Gardiner At. Day, Rector Sunday: Holy Communion 7, 8, 9, 10, Morn- EDWARD J. MOHR, Editorial Assistant ing Prayer, Holy Communion and Ser- Sundav Services: 8:00, 9:30 and 11:15 ajn. mon. 11; Evensong and sermon, 4. O. SYDNEY BABB; LEE A. BELFOED,- KENNETH Wed. and Holy Days: 8:00 and Morning Prayer and Holy Communion 7:15 R. FOBBES; ROSCOE T. FOUST; RICHABD £• 12:10 p.m. (and 10 Wed.); Evensong, 5. GABY; GOBDON C. GRAHAM; DAVID JOHNSON; HABOI.D R. LANDON; LESLIE J. A. LANG; CHRIST CHURCH, DETROIT BENJAMIN MLNIFLE; W. NOBMAN PIT- ST. BARTHOLOMEWS CHURCH 976 East Jefferson Avenue TENGEB: WILLIAM STONGFELLOW. Park Avenue and 51st Street The Rev. William B. Sperry Rector Rev. Terence J. Finlay, D.D. EDITORIALS: - The Editorial Board holds 8 and 9:30 a.m. Holy Communion 9:30 and monthly meetings when current issues before 8 and 9 a.m. Holy Communion (breakfast 11 a.m. Church School. 11 a.m. Mom- served following 9 a.m. service) 11 a.m. ing Service and Sermon. 4 p.m. Even- the Church are discussed. They are dealt Church School and Morning Service. song. Special Music. with in subsequent numbers but do not Holy Days, 6 p.m. Holy Communion. Weekday: Holy Communion Tuesdav at necessarilv represent the unanimous opinion publication. 12:10 a.m.; Wednesdays and Saints of tne editors. Day, at 8 a.m.; Thursdavs at 12:10 p.m. PRO-CATHEDRAL OF THE and Organ Recitals, Wednesdavs, 12:10. Ere. HOLY TRINITY Pr. Daily 5:45 p.m. 23 Avenue, George V

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THE CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY York Avenue at 74th Street Near New York Memorial Hospitals Leaflets for Your Tract Display Copyright Hugh McCandles, Vincent Anderson, Clergy John Fletcher, Student Chaplain HOLY MATRIMONY SHALL I BE Lee Belford, Philip Zabriskie, Thomas Gibbt, John Danforth, Associates By Hugh McCandless A CLERGYMAN? Sundays: 8 a.m. HC; 9:30 Familv (HC 3S) By Gordon T. Charlton Jr. Wed. HC 7:20 a.m.: Thurs. HC 11 a-m. One of New York's • most beautiful public buildings. • BISHOP PARSONS THE PRAYER BOOK ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH Tenth Street, above Chestnut ANTHOLOGY Its History and Purpose PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. Edited by Massey Shepherd By Irving P. Johnson The Rev. Alfred W. Price, D.D., Rector The Rev. Gustav C. Meckling, B.D. Minister to the Hard of Hearing • Sundav: 9 and 11 a.m. 7:30 p.m. Weekdavs: Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri., 2bi a copy Ten for $2 12:30 - 12:55 p.m. Services of Spiritual Healing, Thurs. 12:30 THE WITNESS Tunkhannock, Pa. and 5: 30 p.m. . -r ~ • ,- T •

VOL. 50, NO. 9 The WITNESS MARCH 11, 1965 FOR CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH

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Story of the Week

tion said, "will be more in Wide Range of Pressing Issues accord with Christian and humanitarian principles recogniz- Come Before NCC General Board ing the inherent worth of the publication. individual — a concept upon * In five days of crowded whether the addict is to be con- which this country was founded and business sessions in Portland, sidered criminal, ill or an out- and to which it is dedicated." Oregon, the general board of cast." It will also "promote the na- reuse the National Council of Churches It also deplored the fact that tional interest as well as the for 1 reviewed a wide spectrum of "public and private sources for welfare of the individuals who pressing issues before the dealing with the problem of ad- may benefit by migration." churches and the nation — tak- diction are severely limited," required ing official policy action on nar- For these reasons, the policy- noting that addiction has be- makers urged member churches cotics addiction, immigration come a serious problem among code revision, federal aid to "to promote study and encour- young people. age action which will lead to

Permission education, the peace corps, This problem "calls not only emergency relief to Africa and legislation to improve the im- for application of all the helping migration status of the United the crisis in Vietnam. disciplines — medicine, psychia-

DFMS. States." / The top legislative body of try, social work, education, the nation's largest religious guidance, and so on — but also Federal Aid To Education for the disciplines of faith that

Church organization heard addresses on Christianity's crucial task of re- deal with purpose, meaning and Another resolution—on fed- conciling and evangelizing a commitment in human living," eral aid to education — called world threatened by disorder the statement declared. for "certain safeguards" in any Episcopal and destruction; examined false It asked churchmen to help aid program that would make the charges against the council and sponsor appropriate laws and benefits available to children in of effective means of countering treatment for those afflicted. non-public schools. them; studied reports on na- The board reiterated its earli- tionwide anti-poverty action by Immigration Law Revisions er position that aid should be Archives the churches; and learned de- In a resolution, the board given to public schools through- tails of civil rights projects went on record as being in gen- out the nation, and that chil- 2020. planned for northern cities this eral agreement with the provi- dren attending private and par- summer. sions of President Johnson's ochial schools should also bene- proposed immigration legisla- fit "to the extent compatible Copyright In session February 22-26 for tion. with the religion clauses of the its regular winter business Reaffirming a previous policy first amendment and the sound meeting, the board issued a position on immigration pro- principle of public control of major policy statement urging cedures, it asserted that present public funds." churches and law enforcement policy "raises inequitable racial The new safeguards are agencies to accept drug addicts and national barriers, unfairly based on the general principle as "ill persons and not as restricts the movement of that children, rather than criminals." peoples into our country on the schools, should receive federal Acknowledging "some" recent basis of place of birth, and un- aid. The board outlined four progress in the treatment of justly discriminates against provisions which stipulate that addicts, the statement nonethe- refugees and naturalized citi- be^pfits should be administered less deplored public policy which zens." dirpc.tlv bv public agencies, that "continues to be ambivalent on Revised legislation, the resolu- they should "not be conveyed in

MABCH 11, 1965 Three such a way that religious insti- aid program for Africa's de- tween the white and the non- tutions acquire property or the veloping nations will be shared white peoples of the world. services of personnel thereby," by churches in the United Niemoeller, a living symbol of that they should "not be used States, Britain, West Germany Christian resistance to Nazi directly or indirectly for the and other nations. totalitarianism during world inculcation of religion or the The program calls for more war two, said the white man's teaching of sectarian doctrine," than 350 trained personnel and colonial rule has met with and that there should be "no will concentrate on refugee re- "definite rejection and aroused discrimination by race, religion, settlement, building up Africa's ... bad feelings, whereas church class or national origin" in indigenous leadership, training representatives are still re- their distribution. youth to become "useful citizens garded as respectable and even These safeguards were writ- of their nations and not wreck- distinguished" by non - white ten into the present version of ers of their new-found inde- peoples. President Johnson's bill after pendence," and development of Pointing to the eagerness of testimony was presented to rural and agricultural areas. African churches for member- House and Senate committees "We are asking the churches ship in the WCC as an indica- by the NCC last month. They to emphasize this program in tion that the WCC may become publication. are reportedly acceptable to the next five years to answer a decisive agency for peace, the and Roman Catholic as well as Prot- the call of Africa," Leslie Cooke wartime prisoner of Hitler's estant leadership. of Geneva, Switzerland, associ- regime said "Red China is using reuse The resolution further cited ate general secretary of WCC, all its chances, all its means and for "dual school enrollment" — a told board members. all its strength in order to ex- system by which pupils divide "Unless we support this pro- tend its influence in the world their school day between public gram," he warned, "the work of the non-white man and to required and private school facilities — of the churches during the past broaden and deepen the gap" as a "more acceptable mode of 150 years may be undone." between the races. benefiting all children than ar- Settlement in Vietnam Bishop Gerald Kennedy of the rangements under which pay- Permission Southern California — Arizona ments from public funds would In another resolution the conference of the Methodist be made directly to private and board urged the Johnson admin- Church, said at a special lunch-

DFMS. parochial schools or parents." istration to "engage in persist- / eon that the world's only hope ent efforts to negotiate a cease In an official message the for survival is a common faith fire" in South Vietnam. It re- board congratulated the peace in the philosophy of Jesus Church corps on its fourth anniversary, quested the U.S. government to "utilize United Nations assist- Christ. calling the young federal agency Bishop Kennedy emphasized a "great humanitarian effort," ance in achieving a solution and in seeking to reduce the area of that neither business nor science Episcopal and declaring its "support and conflict by effective border con- can unite the world. He said

the admiration for the work of the trol and internal policing." divided Protestant churches are of 10,000 volunteers who are serv- discovering there is "much ing around the world, and for the Our government should "give bold and creative leadership to more to hold us together than increasing thousands who have there is to separate us," defin- Archives successfully completed their a broad international development program for the Mekong ing the historic function of service." Christians as "holding the world

2020. region, and continue full scale together." Africa Program Endorsed U.S. economic and technical assistance where necessary." He analyzed political, social The Board also officially en- the resolution declared. It was and cultural differences in to- Copyright dorsed "urgent and maximum" sent to President Johnson and day's world physically dimin- U.S. church support for the other appropriate government ished by technology, and told World Council of Churches' $10 officials as well as the council's board members — that men million, five - year ecomenical member churches. must now either perish or final- program for emergency action ly learn that "we kill what we in Africa. Niemoeller Cites "Last Hope" love when we fight our bro- The endorsement was given The Rev. Martin Niemoeller thers." on recommendation of the of Wiesbaden, Germany, told The Rev. Colin Williams, WCC's central committee, which the board in an address to its Australian-born evangelist and approved the program in Janu- opening session that Christian- executive director of the depart- ary at a meeting in Enugu, ity provides the "last hope for ment of parish and community Nigeria. Cost of the general a peaceful rapprochment" be- life, told a general session that Four THE WITNESS •

Christian conversion without want to win in the hearts of the students volunteers who worked Christian social and political people." in the south last summer, Spike commitment can constitute Why does the National Coun- called on them to volunteer "false witness." cil take an active role in social again this year for voter regis- Williams declared that and economic affairs?—Because tration and citizenship work in churches which stress "conver- it believes in "a God of com- cities of the north. sion" and "spiritual life" to the passion and justice," the Rev. Spike said the commission on exclusion of "such major crises Cameron P. Hall, director of the religion and race is already as race, poverty, changed pat- commission on church and eco- "deeply involved" in a pilot pro- terns of family life and urban nomic life, said. ject in Cleveland, Ohio, helping decision-making" represent a Church War on Poverty local citizens set up a program "religious escape from Christ's of citizenship education. "We demands." In a separate presentation stand ready" to assist church- He said it is "easy for us to Hall announced that coordin- men and community groups in forget that the evangelism with ated church action against developing similar projects else- publication. which most of us are familiar is poverty is beginning to take where, he added. itself the outcome of a quite shape in local communities and In the general secretary's re- drastic revolution" dating from across the nation. port to the board, R. H. Edwin Whereas former generations reuse the 18th and 19th centuries, Espy, chief executive of the when the missionary move- of Christians have aimed at the for council, described his recent ments began. Today's church- "mitigation of poverty," this trip to Africa, where he at- men should fashion a new evan- generation will not rest until it tended WCC's central commit- required gelistic revolution geared to has "eliminated" it, Hall de- tee i meeting and visited with today's needs, he urged. clared. "This is now the pri- indigenous church leaders in Churches must harness their mary moral issue of our day. eleven countries. former missionary zeal to the Though it may never reach the Permission dramatic heights of the civil He said there "probably never new task of shaping a society has been such massive change, "where men are no longer rights revolution, it has far greater implications for social affecting so many millions of

DFMS. associated on the basis of tribe, / change, because it involves more the world's population in so ethnic group or national differ- basic a way and in so brief a ence," Williams said. people." Noting that denominations span of time as is the case in Church Africa today." In one genera- Program Interpretation and local church agencies have shown a "strong trend to set up tion, entire nations have moved A seven-member panel of full-time coordinators of com- from "sorcery to computer ma- Episcopal staff leaders moderated by munity anti-poverty programs," chines," from "colonial status to the Fletcher Coates, executive di- he announced that beginning in political independence." Africa of rector of the council's depart- March the council's anti-poverty "must be a very high priority ment of information, fielded committee will have a full-time in the grand strategy of the questions from a sampling of executive coordinator—the Rev. church," he said. This con- Archives 10,000 critical letters reaching Shirley E. Greene of New York tinent is "on the agenda of the this department each year. City, since 1958 secretary for world — insistently, hourly, in- 2020. Coates said the letters come town and country church of the escapably." primarily from "anxious, con- United Church of Christ's board Dr. Espy arrived February 20 cerned people," and that only a for homeland ministries. immediately on returning from Copyright few are "hate" letters "despite Africa for the week-long board the efforts of some groups to Northern Civil Rights Projects meeting. The main body of his promote hatred." The director of the council's winter report was given by the Why doesn't the council "haul commission on religion and Rev. David R. Hunter, deputy into court" those who charge race, the Rev. Robert W. Spike, general secretary. it with being communist? — told board members that Amer- Hunter stressed work in such "The same people who charge ica's Negro youth will remain in areas as civil rights, Cuban us with being commies have "permanent rebellion" unless refugee resettlement, poverty, charged the courts with it too," the churches help them find ef- urban renewal and religious said the Rev. Samuel D. Proc- fective and responsible ways of broadcasting as indicative of tor, associate general secretary protesting their real grievances significant trends in the coun- for communication. "We don't as citizens. cil's program during the past want to win in the courts; we Hailing the contributions of year. He hailed the council's

MARCH 11, 1965 Five leadership in helping to shape hampered by a "lack of working Asiatics are determined to drive a "national consensus" for pas- relationship with local white out all traces remaining of the sage of the civil rights act as a church leaders." western interference from which major example of the "pro- Before adjourning, the policy- they suffered so much in the phetic ministry" of America's making body decided to lay last century." churches. special emphasis on world hun- The noted author went on to say; "You Americans had a very A March 5 meeting in Jack- ger and U. S. foreign aid at its next meeting. Vernon L. Fer- good record in your relations son, Miss., of council representa- with Asia during the last cen- tives with state and local de- werda, head of the Washington, D.C. office, told members that tury. You did not take ad- nominational leaders in Mis- vantage of her when my coun- sissippi was held for intensive our government's foreign aid program will totally disappear try and other European coun- discussion of the council's new tries did. It's a pity that now Delta Ministry, Hunter an- within the next five years unless the nation's churches press you are inheriting the mantle of nounced — pointing out that our mistakes." this program of relief, education for increased aid to the world's and community action for per- hungry. Toynbee said, "The Viet- publication. sons trapped in pockets of The board, will reconvene namese have a lot of determina- and poverty and deprivation in Mis- June 3-4 at the Riverside tion and a lot of guts and they sissippi has thus far been Church in New York City. simply will not give up. Most reuse Vietnamese care nothing for

for ideologies but they do care about Great Society of World Proposed freedom from intervention by either China or the west. I am required sorry to be so rude, but that is As Solution to Human Ills what I think about it." * The convocation to examine day mechanisms to insure it. He was in Sewanee, prior to the requirements for peace, The chief significance of the the convocation in New York, Permission sponsored by the Center for the convocation, then, was that it to deliver two lectures and dur- Study of Democratic Institu- occurred." ing the four days he was on the

DFMS. tions, brought together over campus he gave many informal

/ The Witness gave large space 2,000 people from 20 countries. to the meeting last week, re- interviews to faculty and stu- More than 70 distinguished per- porting a number of significant dents. Church sons read papers or took part in addresses. We pick it up from panel discussions. Things dis- there. Secretary General U Thant cussed included nuclear war, the German situation, national sov- UN Secretary General U Episcopal Arnold Toynbee ereignty and its relation to a Thant, a Buddhist who speaks the future world state, the rule of Arnold Toynbee, historian, plainly, said the aims and needs of law in international life, eco- said that the prophet of the of the times require a new nomic aid to developing coun- atomic age is Gandhi since he "state of mind," a decided tries, the terms of coexistence, demonstrated that radical politi- "change of heart." Archives wars presently being waged, the cal changes can be brought Speaking of his own bailiwick, mechanics of social and political about without resort to violence. Mr. Thant said that some parts 2020. change. He saw modern technology as of the UN charter are out of being an element for reconciling date. For one thing, the sec- Father Edward Duff, S. J. in the rivalry between the so- tion that deals with breaches of Copyright his overall story of the four-day called capitalist and communist the peace stems from the expe- meeting, says: "Stalin's disdain- nations. Technology, he said, is rience of the Hitler era, he said, ful question as to the number "turning our lives upside down" "a kind of situation which is of divisions the Pope could com- but the result is that "socialist unlikely to recur in our world of mand received a partial answer and capitalist countries are be- super-powers armed with hydro- when these people gathered in coming more like each other gen bombs" amid a large num- New York to scrutinize the every day." ber of smaller independent implications of the encyclical of Dr. Toynbee, incidentally, countries. Pope John, Pacem in Terris. — while here gave a telephone The writers of the charter 20 The meeting was a massive interview from the University years ago, with an eye on the demonstration of a will for peace of the South over a Nashville potential re-emergence of the in all countries and an avowal radio station. He said; "You Germans and the Japanese as of the inadequacies of present can't win in Vietnam. The (Continued on Page Sixteen') Six THE Wrrasa EDITORIAL Mueller. It represents the kind of reflection Churches on Vietnam which all should be encouraged to make: "Recognizing the concern of the United States THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION provides that for the freedom and independence of all peoples; the Congress is the agency of government which Acknowledging our responsibility to the people declares war, though the general management of of South Vietnam who have been depending upon foreign policy is vested in the presidency. Yet our aid; in all the crises which have led to United States Expressing our distress at the continued military actions since Pearl Harbor the Congress violence, war, and loss of life of all the peoples has invariably been presented by an accomplished involved; fact by the executive. It was left with no choice Believing that mankind must learn to settle but to endorse the executive action, short of its disputes around the conference table rather putting itself in the politically uncomfortable publication. than on the battlefield; position of appearing to be treasonous. Welcoming the initiative taken by the Secre- and In the present situation of the escalation of tary General of the United Nations in the

reuse U. S. intervention in Indo-China open discussion present crisis and sharing his conviction that,

for of the entire matter is virtually non-existent so 'only political and diplomatic methods of negotia- far as responsible authorities go. The Senators tion and discussion may find a peaceful solution' in the Congress who are known to favor a negoti- to the problem; required ated withdrawal from South Vietnam are Conscious that there are many difficulties and reluctant to state their case, in part because dilemmas facing our country in negotiations for President Johnson treats any questioning of his political settlement, but mindful also of the

Permission actions, or their ultimate outcome, as a sign of seriousness of prolonged military conflict, the personal disloyalty. danger of escalation of hostilities, and the possi- The state department issues a white paper bility of a third world war. DFMS. / which attempts to bolster its position with a The general board of the National Council of rehash of old stories and bits and pieces of evi- Churches urges the United States government:

Church dence which determine nothing not already To engage in persistent efforts to negotiate a known. No pretense is made to give the wider cease fire and a settlement of the war which will setting for an understanding as to why Europeans attempt to achieve the independence, freedom

Episcopal are superimposing a civil war of their own on and self-determination of the people of South

the top of a native Oriental civil war; what place Vietnam; of the people of the areas involved have in the To utilize United Nations assistance in achiev- ultimate outcome, aside from slogans about ing a solution and in seeking to reduce the area "freedom"; what the risk of war with mainland of conflict by effective border control and intern- Archives China involves without help from "allies", if it al policing; and becomes more than a risk; what precisely at best To give bold and creative leadership to a 2020. can be gained by the United States taking over broad international development program for the one side in the Vietnamese civil war unless it Mekong region and to continue full scale U. S. be the neutralization of the area. economic and technical assistance where neces- Copyright Freedom is as good at home as it is abroad. sary. It is to be hoped that all who can see events in The general board pledges support and co- perspective, all who are not driven by an uncon- operation in the urgent tasks of reconciliation trolable phobia — and there are indeed many — and reconstruction in Vietnam." will continue to share their wisdom before any debate on the questions is forclosed. The general board of the National Council of Mystics of 14th Century the Church of Christ, meeting in Portland, Ore., THERE HAVE BEEN two golden ages of Eng- gave this matter consideration and on February lish spirituality: one in the fourteenth century, 25 adopted a resolution which affirmed the action the other in the seventeenth. Both were centur- previously taken by the president, Bishop Reuben ies of controversy within the Church: in the four-

MARCH 11, 1965 '

teenth, Wyclif and his Lollards put the ecclesi- generations and who, by their writings, have astical institution in an uproar, and in the provided spiritual enrichment for subsequent seventeenth the Church was riven by the ages. Some of these — such as the authors of controversy spearheaded by the Puritans. Both The Cloud of Unknowing and The Little Book were centuries of worldliness and of disregard of Contemplation — remain anonymous. Others for spiritual things: the earthiness set forth in are relatively well known; and the fourteenth Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and the bawdiness century has given us four — Richard Rolle, Juli- appearing in Shakespeare's plays depict neither an of Norwich, Walter Hilton, and Margery the fourteenth or seventeenth centuries as ages Kempe — who serve as subjects for these studies distinguished for widespread piety. by the Rev. William S. Hill, the rector of St. Nevertheless, both centuries produced people Paul's, Lansing, Michigan. We offer them for who shone as lights of the world in their own reading and contemplation in Lent. publication.

and ANGLICAN MYSTICS OF THE 14TH CENTURY By William S. Hill reuse for Rector of St. Paul's, Lansing, Michigan

RICHARD ROLLE required OF HAMPOLE 1300? — 1349 Permission DFMS. / EVELYN UNDERHILL has called him "The Legenda, which fortunately has been preserved, most vital and individual of the English mystics." is the principal source of information concerning Church One of his contemporaries claimed that his teach- the fourteenth century English mystic and poet, ing had led unlearned men to a superstitious Richard Rolle. veneration of the physical phenomena of mys- The nuns' chronicle suffers from some serious Episcopal ticism and had "destroyed as many men as it had omissions — as an illustration, it does not make the saved". Walter Hilton and the author of The clear whether or not Rolle was in holy orders — of Cloud of Unknowing, each in his own way, re- and it contains accounts of alleged healing mira- vealed that they found him immature and his in- cles performed by him which would arouse skeptic-

Archives fluence in some respects harmful. Charles ism in the most credulous; nevertheless, the Whiston has said, "All who are hungry to learn Legenda gives the present-day biographer a cer-

2020. of and practice the spiritual life will gain much tainty in dealing with the chronology of Rolle's from keeping company with (him)." career that of necessity he lacks in trying to The subject of this strange assortment of re- reconstruct the life-story of most fourteenth-

Copyright marks is Richard Rolle, of Hampole, England. century religious figures. The external life of Richard Rolle, then, may be summarized as fol- His Exterior Chronicle lows: THE CISTERCIAN NUNS at Hampole confident- Richard Rolle was born at Thornton-le-Dole, ly expected their beloved spiritual director to be near Pickering, Yorkshire, between 1290 and officially declared a saint; accordingly, for the 1300. While of a distinguished family — a kins- York breviary they prepared a Legenda, a series man became Archbishop of York — Rolle's par- of nine lessons intended to be read in services ents were themselves poor, and he went to Oxford of public worship following his canonization. The on a scholarship obtained for him by a member canonization never took place — very likely of the wealthy and influential De Dalton family. because some of the candidate's writings were Oxford was at its zenith during Rolle's stu- approvingly quoted by the Lollards — but the dent-days; the friars were at the peak of their

Eight THE WITNESS influence in education; the scholastic debate was Latin and French were translated into English, at its height; men of the stamp of Bacon and and English itself began to be used for original Ockham were setting the intellectual world work. Some of the first poems in the vernacular aflame. But this atmosphere was not congenial came from Rolle's pen; moreover in the words of to Rolle's temperament. "His desire," as one one biographer, "he was the first English mystic biographer puts it, "was always to know God to make use of his own language for a series of rather than to know about God," and at the age works communicating his own experience, and of 19, without taking his degree, he left Oxford later mystics of the fourteenth century, however and returned home. His home, however, proved little they may have thought of his doctrine and to be no more agreeable than the university, and his influence, were his followers in the use of it was not long before he left his family to become their native tongue for literary purposes." a hermit. In the prefaces to their books, many contem- He might easily have joined the Augustinian porary authors gratefully acknowledge the grant canons or hermits at nearby Kirkham — the from some foundation or trust-fund which freed clothing he wore had been made to resemble their them from other responsibilities while they were publication. habits — but either his own feelings of independ- engaged in literary activity. What they are in

and ence or a sense of being driven by the Spirit to effect saying is that while they wrote, they lived be alone in the wilderness prevented him from as hermits; thus they pay unwitting tribute to reuse entering into association with others; in any case Richard Rolle, the first man of English letters, for Rolle began his life as a hermit in a small cottage who, as a hermit, was able to find the leisure to made available to him by the John de Dalton write. family in a remote section of their estate. He required His Interior Pilgrimage remained there four years; then for reasons that THE WRITINGS of Richard Rolle are numerous remain obscure, he left. and it has proved difficult to arrange them in the For the next fifteen years or so — roughly, probable order of their composition. According- Permission the years from 1325-1340 — he lived as a ly, one cannot outline with certainty the paths wandering mendicant hermit in Yorkshire, sleep- he followed in his own spiritual development. It DFMS.

/ ing where he could find lodging and eating what- appears, however, that with the passage of the ever food was offered him. A trait one commen- years he mellowed and became increasingly will- tator has called his "uncompromising disagree- ing to have his own thoughts moulded by the Church ableness" made him a person who quickly wore insights of spiritual teachers who had lived in out a welcome, and this doubtless prevented him generations previous to his own. There can be from staying very long in any one place. Per- no question, however, that, as one student of Episcopal haps he mellowed with the passage of time; per- Rolle has remarked, "he received the grace of the

of haps his reputation as a teacher and spiritual some high degree of prayer." guide caused people to overlook his uncouth man- One grace which Rolle received was an open- ners; perhaps his manifest possession of the gift ness to the guidance of God. Various biographers Archives of healing was looked upon as evidence of sancti- have been prone to speculate on the motivations ty ; in any event the time came when the prioress which prompted him to take certain steps — 2020. of the Cistercian convent at Hampole invited him why, for example, he withdrew from Oxford, why to occupy a cell near the priory and to serve as he left home to become a hermit, or why he confessor and spiritual director of the nuns. He abandoned his cell on the de Dalton estate. To Copyright remained at Hampole until, in 1349, he died while all these, and similar, questions John Harrell ministering to victims of the Black Death. gives what is doubtless the correct answer: Rolle Throughout Rolle's adult life, wherever he was guided by God. "Somehow," says Harrell, lived and however much he prayed, he wrote. "we have a pathetic picture of this figure, this Indeed, it is not too much to say that the writings lonely hermit — exiled, homeless, and misunder- of Rolle helped to prepare the way for the flower- stood. Yet, for Richard it was all an occasion ing of the Middle English language which took of rejoicing for God was directing his life, even place in the works of Langland and Chaucer. The his exile and wandering, conforming his life to dawning of the fourteenth century showed the that of his Son, who had no place to lay his head." beginnings of a definite trend toward the verna- Another grace granted to Rolle — although he cular. Prayer books and spiritual treatises in (Continued on Page Twelve') MARCH 11, 1965 Nine NEW AMERICAN PAYS $100 WEEKLY... publication. and TO YOU THOUSANDS OF reuse READERS WHO KNOW THAT for DRINKING AND SMOKING ARE HARMFUL! required

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him ? Eric Colledge sums up his literary artistry Richard Rolle In these words: "In one respect Rolle had neither (Continued from Page Nine') rival nor successor: the ease and sponteneity "actualized" this grace by stalwart and diligent with which he passes in the English treatises effort on his part — was detachment from the from prose to verse, and his mastery of traditional pleasures and preoccupations of the world. Fre- verse-forms, requiring, in their use of alliteration quent note has been taken of his asceticism; but and internal as well as end-rhyme, a high degree to him, asceticism was simply the means to de- of skill . . ." tach oneself from earthly pursuits and worldly Rolle, in short, reveals the gifts and graces— values. Various austerities and acts of mortifi- and also the limitations—one would expect in an cation were adopted by him to fulfil the aspira- intelligent and dedicated solitary. A willingness tion expressed in one of his own poems: to obey what he considered divine guidance re- Thee I covet, gardless of the cost in discomfort or unpopularity, This world not; a strict and unremitting detachment from the And from it I flee; world, a variety of episodes of ecstatic rapture, publication. Thou are what I sought, and all these combined with an individuality and Thy face when may I see? which sets up a resistance against the dissimilar Rolle, believed that, as he said, "It is a perfect insights and experiences of others, are what reuse spiritual life to despise the world and to desire shine forth in the life of Richard Rolle. for the joy of heaven; to destroy through the grace of God all the wicked desires of the flesh; to His Lasting Contribution required forget the solace and the love of your family, and ROLLE'S CONTRIBUTIONS as a literary artist only to love in God." While in order to achieve are apparent. What contributions does he make this he adopted rigorous measures for himself, as a spiritual guide? to others he counselled moderation. He ap- Permission provingly quotes the words of St. Bernard: At the outset it must be admitted that, as "When done with discretion, fastings and vigils Colledge points out, "other mediaeval English mystics, and some modern critics, have seen DFMS. aid in spiritual progress; without discretion, / elements in Rolle's writings which are not en- they are vices." In any event, Rolle presented tirely praiseworthy." Mention has already been a living example of one who in all honesty could

Church made of his "uncompromising disagreeableness" echo St. Paul's words: "The world is crucified —an all too human lack of kindliness toward unto me, and I unto the world." those not in complete agreement with him—and

Episcopal The grace which Rolle considered the most this is demonstrated in his Melos Contemplati- vorum. His life as a hermit evoked criticism, the compelling evidence of divine favor — but which of more sophisticated mystics have either mis- and in return he wrote the Melos as a defense of trusted or considered of no importance — was the way of life he had adopted and as an attack what he described as calor, dulcor, and canor, upon his "enemies" and "persecutors," whose Archives that is, heat, sweetness, and song. These are, eternal torments among the damned he described of course, the physical and psychical phenomena with a relish that can hardly be considered emo- 2020. associated with the "rapture" or "ectsasy" of tionally healthy, let alone charitable. But per- the mystics; and, as Gerard Sitwell has pointed haps, as some critics are wont to do, the Melos out, the intemperate emphasis he gave to them should be dismissed as a literary indiscretion of Copyright showed "he lacked precisely the training which Rolle's youth. the cenobitic life so despised was designed to Some will find their own devotion quickened by give." This is not to deny Rolle's sincerity nor Rolle's fervent preoccupation with the Holy Name the reality of his experience of God; it is merely of Jesus. "If you think of (the Name) Jesus to point out that he is far from having the last continually and hold it firmly," he says, "it word as concerns the life of prayer. purges your sin and kindles your heart. It makes The grace vouchsafed to Rolle which has left the soul clean, it removes anger, and does away subsequent generations most deeply indebted to with slowness ... It chases the devil and puts him is, as one would expect, his talent as a writer. out dread. It opens heaven and makes a man His aptitude as an author of lyrics was, he be- contemplative." Others will discover spiritual lieved, a gift from God; and who is to gainsay enrichment in his devotion to the Mother of Twelve THS WITNESS Christ, whom he addresses as "mother of mercy, in one begins to "live with the saints and angels succour of all sorrow, and remedy of all woe." in the light of heaven." Those to whom such expressions of piety are not Of course, Rolle would be the first to say that particularly congenial will, of course, discard love cannot actually be broken up into categories, these passages in Rolle as relics of an outgrown degrees, or stages; what he was trying to do, mediaevalism and therefore inappropriate to the however, was to just state that as "the Holy present age. Ghost teaches different men differently" so do Belonging without a doubt to all ages, however, people vary in spiritual stature and thus in their is Rolle's insistence that genuine spiritual achieve- expressions of love. His aim was to lead every ment is not possible in the clutter and clatter, one to know the love which is as a "burning fire." the frantic hurry and frantic search for pleasure, of the lives of those characterized by what Rolle Epilogue calls "the covetousness and the liking and the ONE STUDENT of Rolle's has observed that "it occupations and business of worldly things and is hard to imagine the hermit of Hampole as a

publication. of fleshly lust and vain love." In one place he successful parish priest or member of a religious says, "If your heart is led either by worldly dread house." His strong individuality and his fierce and or worldly solace, you are farthest from the intolerance of any deviation from his own views

reuse sweetness of Christ's love." On another occasion made him unsuited for a group enterprise. But

for he remarks, "If we wish to flee from the tor- it was his very freedom to find himself and to ments of purgatory, we must perfectly keep be himself which enabled him to become a serv- ourselves from the desire and the pleasure and ant of the whole Church. required all the evil delights and wrongful fears of this It would be well if the example of Rolle might world, and there must be no worldly sorrows call the present-day Church to enlarge its con- within us, but we must put our hopes firmly in cept of vocation and thus to provide room for

Permission Jesus Christ." This is a plea for a disciplined people who by temperament and talent are not asceticism and for a simplicity in daily life which qualified to occupy a conventional place in the are indispensable prerequisites for spiritual ecclesiastical institution, but who, like the four- DFMS. / growth. teenth century hermit-poet, nevertheless have a wealth of devotion and talent to offer Christen- Another timeless concept to which Rolle gave

Church dom. expression is the paramount place of love in man's relationship to God. "Without it," he said, "no man can please God, with it no man sins — Episcopal for if we love God with all our heart, there is the nothing in us through which we serve sin." An of Fresh Bait, Lures idea to which Rolle frequently returned is that there are degrees, or stages, in love and that the And Other Tackle

Archives awakened soul moves from a lower to a higher level. In his treatise, The Form of Perfect Liv- By Thomas V. Barrett

2020. ing, he follows Richard of St. Victor in affirming Professor at Church Divinity School of the Pacific that there is first, love insuperable, found in IN SPITE OF the "counsels of perfection" within meditation; second, love inseparable, found in the Church and the seemingly absolute principles Copyright contemplation; and third, love singular, with of the Sermon on the Mount, one is always sur- which there is no equal, found in jubilation, or prised at the readiness of Christ's forgiveness mystic rapture. toward those who fail to achieve perfection, and When he composed his I Sleep and My Heart with the sympathy and understanding of the Wakes he had in mind readers less spiritually Church, even in its most rigorous moments, for advanced, and he described the stages of love human frailty. as: (a) Love expressed in the desire to obey the Looking through a book of ancient Church Ten Commandments and to keep from falling into documents the other day, we discovered some the Seven Deadly Sins; (b) love as expressed in interesting, even slightly whimsical admonitions the willingness to forsake the world and to fol- in the Rule of St. Benedict for the life of the low Christ in poverty, chastity, and humility; monks. (c) love as expressed in the contemplation where- " . . .and in view of the weakness of the in-

MABCB 11, 1965 Thirteen firm we believe one pint of wine a day is enough games, Whitsun Ales, and Morris dances, and the for each one . . . but the Prior shall judge if acting of May poles." either the. nature of the locality, or labor, or the Presumedly these are for Sundays after Lent. heat of the summer, requires more taking care It is interesting that bear and bull-baiting, and in all things lest satiety in drunkenness creep in. bowling are not lawful. Indeed we read that wine is not suitable for However harsh in its demands the Church in monks at all. But because, in our day, it is not almost every age has been sympathetic with possible to persuade the monks of this, let us those unable to meet the demands, and lenient agree at least — that we should not drink to toward the everlasting childishness of man. We excess, but sparingly." leave it to you to apply St. Benedict's rules for In another section the Rule orders Lenten Lent to your own life; and Charles' recommenda- reading from some Holy book "from dawn until tions for lawful recreation. the third hour" before their work. During this time one or two elders are to go around the monastery to make sure no troublesome brother publication. is "engaged in idleness or gossip instead of and reading." And then with charity towards the The Forgotten Service weak, the Rule says: "If any be so negligent or reuse slothful that he lacks the will or ability to read, By Corwin C. Roach Director, School of Religion, Fargo, N. D. for let some task within his capacity be given him .. . For the weak or delicate brethren some work or MOST MINISTERS will once more dust off the craft must be found to keep them from idleness required Litany and use it at a few mid-week services in while not overwhelming them with such heavy Lent. When the season is happily over they will labor as to drive them away." put it back into its ecclesiastical mothballs and And as to Lenten observance: "The life of a let it gather liturgical dust for another year. It Permission monk should be always as if Lent were being was not always so. In the days of our grand- kept. But few have virtue enough for this, and fathers, or perhaps our great grandfathers, the

DFMS. regular Sunday morning service consisted of the

/ so we urge that during Lent he shall purify his life, and wipe out in that holy season, the neg- full round of Morning Prayer, Litany and Ante- ligence of other times . . . Let him disciple his communion. Church body in respect to food, drink, sleep, chatter and Today, Time is god and Speed is his prophet mirth; and let him look forward to holy Easter and the Litany has wellnigh disappeared. It is with the joy of spiritual longing." a pity, for the Litany is of all the services the Episcopal Another interesting document is the "Book of one which most closely breathes the spirit of our the

of Sports," first issued by King James in 1618, and age. First in the matter of brevity. Here is an reissued by Charles the 1st in 1633, in which we order of worship which covers only six pages of see the early fervor of the tussle between Angli- broken print in our Prayer Book and can be read

Archives cans and Puritans over the observance of the aloud in less than fifteen minutes. There is no Sabbath. waste motion, no lost space, no mincing verbiage, 2020. The reasons given for allowing "lawful recrea- no purple rhetoric to cloud the issue. The Litany tion and exercise" are not illogical. reads like a telegram. It is an SOS which de- 1. To prohibit them would hinder the conver- scribes our human plight in terms as terse as Copyright sion of many people. those of a radio operator on a disabled aircraft. But along with its conciseness, there is a com- 2. Such exercise makes the men more able for prehensiveness to the Litany. It combines war. breadth with brevity. There are three elements 3. When else shall working people exercise if in the iron rations of the faith, the Creed, the not on Sundays and holy days? Lord's Prayer and the Decalogue. All three ap- Therefore the King urges attendance at divine pear in the Litany, the Lord's Prayer in its service: and after that the people should "be not penitential form, the other two digested and sum- disturbed, letted or discouraged from lawful marized. Worship, belief, conduct, they are all recreation such as dancing, either men or women; outlined for us. archery for men, leaping, vaulting, or any other The Litany gives us the weapons and tools such harmless recreation, nor from having May of our Christian warfare. It scouts our enemy

Fourteen THE WJTNBSS for us. "Plague, pentilence and famine; battle half of others, by word in this service and there- and murder and sudden death." We live our fore by act and deed in daily life. gullible lives and these stark phrases seem remote WThich points to the climactic note of the and unreal. But it is we who are living in the Litany. It is directed outwards as well as up- dream world of illusion not the Litany. As civili- wards. We pray for others, knowing our own zation tames one beast, it unleashes a hundred moral poverty. We are bound together by our in its place. The old evils are still there, trans- common sinful humanity and the Litany drives formed and disguised, often blown up into fan- it home by its hammer blows, "blindness of heart, tastic proportions through the sleight and cun- pride, vainglory, hypocrisy, envy, hatred and ma- ning of man the contriver. lice and all uncharitableness". As we look with- Danger is the common leveller. So it is with in, as we see ourselves reflected in the mirror of the Litany. Status is out. Before the throne of the world outside we can pinpoint those terms one God all men are alike. We are reduced to the after another. But we also share the hope that least common denominator of our human weak- through Christ we can be healed and we can help publication. ness and our need. The Litany includes all men, in the healing of the nations. and it reaches out to every area of life. In early We must carry the faith of the Litany out times it was said in procession. The throng of beyond the church buildings and the church serv- reuse worshippers left the shelter of the church and ices, to kitchen, classroom and council table, to for cathedral to go out into the narrow twisted alleys coffee hour and country club. In the busy, head- of the ancient towns, past the gates scarred by long rush of modern life, where we accelerate the weapons of the enemy, out into the drought- required even the tempo of our leisure hours we might well dusty lanes of the countryside. As they went, use these brief petitions as we wait in line to pay they carried the assurance of God's presence into a bill or for the traffic light to change. They every act and sphere of life. In this day, when answer to the desires buried deep in the human Permission the Church is beginning to wake up from its long heart. They are the cement which can bind to- sleep and to see once more its mission to the gether a fractured humanity.

DFMS. world outside, we need the dynamic of this ancient

/ We dare not put them back into mothballs after service which from earliest Christian times has Lent. Let us pray God this Lent to give us the witnessed to God's concern for the world he insight and the imagination to keep them ready Church made. for use. The Litany is dialogue prayer. It has its roots in pagan custom. Litanies go back to the early Episcopal centuries of the Church in Gaul and Rome. As the Augustine began his mission to England, he of entered Canterbury singing a litany. A thou- sand years later would see another Archbishop An Open Letter to a Friend

Archives of Canterbury fashion out of the old Latin rites a Litany which would be the first service com-

2020. posed for the subsequent Prayer Book. This old- About the est English service, steeped in the tradition of bygone centuries, speaks boldly, clearly, rele- Holy Communion Copyright vantly to our day. The Church can recapture the evangelistic note only if it challenges the laity who are en- By Massey H. Shepherd Jr. meshed in the business and barter of everyday Professor at Church Divinity School of the Paeifie living. But here again the Litany leads the way. It is the service of the people, the laos of God. It is they who pray the prayer. The minister mentions the need in the suffrage but it is the The Witness congregation which makes intercession to God, TUNKHANNOCK — PENNSYLVANIA "Have mercy upon us," "Spare us, good Lord", "Good Lord deliver us". The people as the royal 251 each $2.00 for ten priesthood of all believers is interceding on be-

MASCH 11, 1965 Fifteen . •

GREAT WORLD SOCIETY: — tions "are more interested in goal is clear. As stated in the (.Continued from Page Six') solving problems than in prov- encyclical it is: "Public authori- ing theories." ty, having world-wide power threats, envisioned complete He also put it another way: and endowed with the proper agreement among the Security "I believe that the vital con- means for the efficacious pur- Council's big five — the United dition of coexistence will have suit of its objective, which is States, Britain, France, China been fulfilled when the nations the universal common good in and the Soviet Union. that now view each other with concrete form, must be set up But history took a different such suspicion can approach by common accord and not im- turn, and now, said Mr. Thant, one another instead in some- posed by force." "we are witnessing the begin- thing of the spirit gf Pope ning of the great debate:" John's words to Khrushchev's Proposed World Meeting Should the big five, which must son-in-law: 'They tell me you Several speakers expanded act in unison to act at all in the are an atheist. But you will not President Johnson's vision of Security Council, be exclusively refuse an old man's blessing for the great society for the United responsible for keeping the your children.' " States to world dimensions. The publication. peace while the 114-nation Gen- challenge was most strikingly and eral Assembly "functions as a Lord Caradon voiced by Abba Eban, deputy glorified debating society?" Or Lord Caradon, Britain's chief prime minister of Israel, who reuse should an attempt be made "to UN delegate, criticized those proposed a week-long conference for secure a fair, equitable, and who predicted doom for the of the heads of all the sovereign clearly defined distribution of states within and outside the functions of the two principal world organization, commenta- tors who "instead of rallying United Nations to consider prob- required organs" of the UN? support, we find running away." lems not of any nation but of The long, vexing UN crisis But the UN crisis, he said, may the human nation. His sug- over payments is both depress- produce a resolution of funda- gested agenda included:

Permission ing and heartening, said Mr. mental problems and transform # The prospect opened up by Thant. "Depressing for the it into the greatest peace-keep- the new technologies—both the damage done to the effective- ing instrument the world has danger and the hope. DFMS. ness and dignity of the United / ever seen. # The world will very nearly Nations — heartening for the double its population within the loyal and unceasing efforts of Developing Countries next three decades. Is this a Church the member nations to preserve There were impassioned problem for our presidents and their organization by finding a premiers in comparison with solution." speeches when the convocation discussed what could and should what exercises them now? Episcopal And amid the dangers of a be done to aid developing coun- # Over IV2 billion people suf- the world much in strife, Mr. Thant tries. fer from malnutrition. There of pointed to this paradox: Chief S. 0. Adebo, Nigeria's was a "campaign against hun- "We are not basically dis- representative at the UN, found ger" conference a few years agreed, whatever our ideological ago, but its participants were Archives differences, about the kind of support in Pacem in Terris for world we wish to have." his view that all aid must re- not heads of government with a

2020. spect the true needs, the real capacity for action and commit- aspirations and the legitimate ment. Senator Fulbright independence of the country # In this golden age of Sen. J. William Fulbright, D., aided. knowledge there are 700 million Copyright Ark., who is chairman of the Robert Buron, president of adults entirely illiterate — one- Senate foreign relations com- the O.E.C.D. Development Cen- third of the world's adult popula- mittee, gave a philosopher's ter and former minister in 11 tion — and a similar number at warning against an excess of French cabinets, warned against a low level of literacy. There zeal. what he termed "intellectual is as yet an inadequate flow of Men have become "prisoners colonialism," found frequently scientific and educational skills of their own ideals," he said, among the academic elite and from the advanced to the de- and have "fallen victim to the international experts, and veloping worlds. fatuous illusion that they and "social neo-colonialism," deter- Amongst the 115 sovereign they alone are in possession of mined to impose its way of life states, ostensibly equal in their the key to paradise." on developing countries. For rights and status, there is a The most vital condition of Buron, as presumably for all at vast disparity of income and re- coexistence will come when na- the convocation, the ultimate sources. There are groups of Sixteen THE WITNESS states where income is 2,000 per cent higher than that of others. Within a national community such disparities would lead to violent upheavals. Are we sure that the same is not true of the international community? There should be a blue-print of a great society in international terms. • The fabric of our planet — its soil, water, minerals and air face depletion or pollution or both. Our generation has no special right to hand the planet on to our children in a worse natural condition than in which publication. we found it. and # The future of Internation- al organization — and especial- reuse ly in the problem of peacekeep- for ing — needs long-term planning He Didn't Wait for by those who have knowledge both of the central political "Voices in the Night" required realities and of technical de- Like most young men searching for a career, he gathered all velopments. Disarmament is a the facts he could, talked it over, thought it through and made vain discussion unless we devise up his mind. But instead of deciding to be a lawyer or an engineer, instruments of security, beyond he decided to be a minister. Permission the national deterrents of sov- He didn't see the "light flash" or hear "voices whisper." Neither ereign states. have most young men in seminary!

DFMS. Because the call to the ministry is much like the call to any

/ "In proposing that the heads other profession, it doesn't always bowl you over. Usually it grows of 115 governments give a week on you until you suddenly realize you couldn't be happy doing to the survey of these vistas," anything else. Church the minister concluded, "I do To help you in thinking about the profession, we'd like to not delude myself by the view send you a free copy of "Live Option for You?" and "Are You a that a solution will be found. Many-Sided Man?". These practical booklets describe the ministry

Episcopal The world was created, accord- as a career, help you decide whether it's for you, and tell you what steps to take if it is. the ing to Biblical reckoning, in of six days. It will take longer to We hope you'll send for the booklets even if you're not con- repair the damage that we have sidering the ministry as a profession. Reading them will make you been doing ever since." a more understanding, better informed layman.

Archives DIRECTORY Berkeley Divinity School, New Haven, Conn. The General Theological Seminary, New York, New York 2020. News Notes Bexley Hall, the Divinity School of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio Nashotah House, Nashotah, Wisconsin Church Divinity School of the Pacific, School of Theology of the University John Pairman Brown has been Berkeley, Calif. of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, appointed professor of ethics Church in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penna. Evanston, III. Copyright and New Testament at the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. Virginia Theological Seminary, Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest, Alexandria, Va. Church Divinity School of the Austin, Texas Pacific. He has been on the faculty at American University, THE EPISCOPAL SEMINARIES Beirut, Lebanon, since 1958. He Division of Christian Ministries, Episcopal Church Center, 815 Second Ave., N. Y., N. Y. 10017 was editor of The Witness, THE EPISCOPAL SEMINARIES, Div. of Christian Ministries W 1955-58, and is the author of Episcopal Church Center, 815 Second Ave., New York, New York 1001/ Please send me a free copy of "Live Option for You?" The Displaced Person's Al- and "Are You a Many-Sided Man?". manac. I Name.

Bishop Montgomery, suffragan City^ -State- of Chicago since 1962, was

Seventeen MARCH 11, 1965 elected coadjutor at a special tee for the church and race beauty parlor, small shops, convention. fund (Witness 3/4). meeting rooms, arts and crafts centers. Construction will start Overseas Dept. of the Executive Christ Church, Cambridge, has in September according to pres- Council of PEC now has three a unique title for its program ent plans. divisions, each with an execu- in Lent: Stop the World, We tive secretary: Personnel with Want to Get On. Cultural Aggiornamento has meant big the Rev. Donald Bitsberger; Change by Myron Bloy, MIT business for, of all people, the Special Projects and Programs chaplain; Leisure by ETS's opticians of France. They at- headed by the Rev. Samuel Van Joseph Fletcher; Poverty in Af- tribute the boom in sales to use Culin; Overseas Exchange Visi- fluence by Harvey Cox of An- of the vernacular French in- tors with the Rev. Claude dover-Newton; Urbanization by stead of Latin in many parts of the Roman Catholic mass. Since Pickens Jr. in charge. G. H. Woodard Jr. of 815; In- dustry by Scott Paradise of January, they say, their best Presiding Bishop gave a tough Detroit Industrial Mission. customers have been priests. job to three persons at the Here's the way one optician ex- Feb. meeting of the Executive Georgia women are now "lay- plains the phenomenon: Priests publication. Council. Bishop William Mar- persons" by a narrow vote but whose eyesight was "average" and mion, the Rev. Birney W. Smith they have to win again at the for their years didn't wear Jr. and Mrs. Harold Sorg consti- convention next year before spectacles. The longer in the reuse tute the appropriations commit- they can serve on vestries or priesthood the more likely they for be convention delegates. were to know the Latin by heart. The old Latin missals Bethlehem plans a $2-million were made to order: big print. THE PARISH OF TRINITY CHURCH required apartment for the elderly in N«w YWfc The new missals, some of them Allentown. President of the non- temporary, were rushed into REV. JOHM Htms. D. D., RECTOB profit organization is the Rev. TRINITY print when the vernacular was Broadway & Wall St. Vernon Searfoss of Birdsboro, approved by Vatican II. Un- Permission Rev. Bernard C. Newman, S.T.D., Vicar Pa. who announced that it will Sun. MP. 8:40, 10:30, HC 8, 9, 10, 11. fortunately most of them were EP 3:30; Daily MP 7:45, HC 8, 12, Set. be open to middle income people, published in fine print or, at 12:30 Tues., Wed. 4 Thurs., EP 5:15 ex regardless of race, creed, nation- DFMS. Sat.; Sat. HC 8; C Fri. 4:30 4 by appt. best, type sizes smaller than the / al origin. The 208 units require ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL Latin missals. So more and Broadway & Fulton St. a 19-story building and will be more priests are turning to eye- Rev. Robert C. Hunsicker, Vicar financed by a fifty year loan Church glasses. Sun. HC 8:30, MP HC Ser. 10; Weekdays; from the federal community HC 8 CThurs. also at 7:30) 12:05 ex. Sat.; Int. & Bible Study 1:05 ex. Sat.; EP 3; C facilities administration. Be- School Of Theology of Long Fri. 3:30-5:30 & by appt.; Organ Recital sides the apartments there will Island, a memorial to George

Episcopal Wednesday 12:30. CHAPEL OF THE INTERCESSION be medical interview rooms. Mercer Jr., was started in 1955 the Broadway & 155th St. with a $3-million gift from his of Leslie J. A. Lang, Vicar widow. She died in December Sundays 8, 9, 11; Weekdays: Mon. Fri. Sat. 9; Tues. 8; Wed. 10; Thurs. 7. CASSOCKS and left a bequest of $7.8-mil- EUCHARISTIC VESTMENTS lion to the school. It will be Archives ST. LUKE'S CHAPEL All Embroidery U Hand Done 487 Hudson St. ALTAR HANGINGS and LINENS used for scholarships and main- Rev. Paul C. Weed, Jr., Vicar Materials by the yard. Kits for tenance. There are about 50 2020. Sun. HC 8, 9:15 4 11; Daily HC 7 & t. Altar Hangings and Eucharistic Vestments C Sat. 5-6, 8-9, by appt. students who attend evening J. M. HALL. INC. and Saturday classes because ST. AUGUSTINE'S CHAPEL SURPLICE - CHOIR VESTMENTS 292 Henry St. 14 W. 40th St.. New York 18. N. Y. they work the rest of the time. Copyright Rev. Wm. Reed, Vicar TEL CH 4-1070 Rev. Thomas P. Logan, (Prie»t-in-ch«rge) THE WITNESS still costs $4 Sundays: 7 a.m. Low Mass, 8 a.m. Low Mast. a year—weekly except for sum- 9 a.m. Morning Prayer. 9:15 a.m. Solemn High Mass, 10:30 a.m. Low Mass in Snanish mer when it is every other week. 5 p.m. Evening Prayer: Weekdays: 7:15" ajn. SHARING Moming Prayer, 7:30 a.m. Low Mass. 5 pjn. Evening Prayer. Christian Healing- in the Church ST. CHRISTOPHER'S CHAPEL Onlv Church magazine devoted to Spiritual Write us for *1 Henry Street Therapy. S2.00 a year. Sample on reauest. Rev. William W. Read, Vicar Founded bv Rev. John Gaynor Banks. D.S.T. This vayer is recommended by many Sun. MP 7:45, HC 8, 9:30, 11 (Spanish), Organ Information EP 5:15; Mon. - Thuxs. MP 7:45, HC 8 Bishops and Clergy. 4 Thurs. 5:30; Fri. MP 8:45, HC 9; S«t. Address: AUSTIN ORGANS, Inc. MP 9:15, HC 9:30; EP Daily 5:15; C Sat. FELLOWSHIP OF ST. LUKE Hartford. Conn. 4-5, 6:30 - 7:30 4 by appt. 2243 Front St. San Diego 1, Calif.

Eighteen THE WITNBS» of barbarians were taught at least most complicated age in history, and some kind of civilization in the it is ever a danger that the mes- - NEW BOOKS - school of Christ. sianic institution be substituted for As we read these early sections of the true Messiah. If the Archbishop E. John Mohi Dr. Grant's interpretation, we are of Canterbury appeals for peace in Book Editor filled with some of his enthusiasm, the cold war, exactly what does this but when we emerge from the so- mean? Who will listen? Who will called dark ages the story becomes know how to act? Who will believe that he knows anything more about ROME AND REUNION, by Frede- dreary and tedious. The endless maneuvering of emperor and pope— the matter than the bewildered rest rick C. Grant. Oxford University the ecclesiastical cunning which sets of us? If the pope appeals for Press. $5 king against emperor, and noble peace, has anything been added to the against king, and bishop against plea? Are we not asking too much One of the great men of the Epis- monk: all for the glory of the cen- of our religious institutions and too copal Church has written a fascinat- tralizing power — shows no clear little of ourselves by such reliance ing book on the theme of Christian pattern indicating any good purpose. upon ecclesiastical authority? reunion. Dr. Frederick C. Grant, Sometimes the papacy is on the side Moreover, Dr. Grant unfortunately professor emeritus of Union Theo- which we might favor, sometimes does not touch upon the last session logical Seminary and distinguished not: but none can deny that its goal of Vatican II, which has done so publication. New Testament scholar, was an An- always includes the preservation of much to puncture the balloon of glican observer at Vatican Council its own privilege and power, and the and ecumenical expectation. Whether or II from October 1962 to March 1963. aggrandizement of the same. not we could accept a symbolic It is almost unnecessary to state pontiff is thoroughly irrelevant — a reuse that all Episcopalians are interested In the pathetic centuries leading question we shall not be asked: as

for in his findings and will wish to read up to the Reformation the record be- his vivid and provocative volume. comes even worse; and in the post- seen in De Ecclesia's blunt definition Reformation centuries, whatever may of the Church in terms of hierarchy One must respect this sensitive be the shortcomings of the Protes- and monarchy, and its arrogant re- required assertion of the claim to infallibili- scholar's sympathetic and creative tant world as pointed out by the ty in the strongest possible language. approach to the ancient institution learned author, the record of the Let us not think that just because of the papacy, although perhaps not Roman Church is neither so brilliant an institution is as old as the hills all will share his kindly enthusiasm. nor so saintly as to move the heart that this means divine authorization:

Permission He takes us back through history or the mind of the objective observ- from Paul VI to the shadowy begin- er. Dr. Grant really steps over all it means is that God permits its nings of the Church in Rome, and backwards to say good things about existence. forward again to the nuclear age: the alleged successors of St. Peter, DFMS. In our much smaller Church we / and we could not ask for a better but upon reflection we are sad to appear to be moving towards ever- guide nor would we be apt to find observe that his theory is no more increasing centralization of power, one with such inexhaustible learning. proven than the other once popular the very point of controversy which Church He traces the ups and downs of the theory that the pope always wears a we find most offensive in Rome; papal institution and finds in bal- cassock in order to hide his hooves. and perhaps Rome and Reunion may ancing the merits and demerits that Our distinguished author is on be given an interpretation not an- it has been a pragmatic blessing to ticipated by the author to the effect Episcopal mankind. solid ground as he moves in the direction of a papacy symbolizing the that some institutional tendencies the The history of Roman primacy, in unity of the universal Church, strik- should be strangled at birth before of his view, begins in the 5th century ing telling blows at the major obsta- they become so established in canon when Leo the Great came to embody cles of pretended infallibility and law as to become irremediable mis- in his person the forces of Roman universal jurisdiction; but he be- takes.

Archives civilization as it stood threatened by comes a little visionary in seeming The only kind of papacy which barbarian inroads from the north. to expect the pope to save Christian anyone of any sort of Protestant Before this period the papacy is civilization once more. Perhaps he background could accept would be 2020. vague, legendary, lost in the mist. is right in asserting that it hap- strictly limited to symbolic value. A few sporadic, scattered and frag- pened in the 5th century, although After all, this is a venerable institu- mentary references prove nothing judgements of this type can always tion for good or ill, and it could but the fact of its gradual develop- be questioned; but it certainly does Copyright serve as well as any as a symbol of ment. not follow that it ever happened Christian unity. To expect this to "The apologist," writes Dr. Grant, more than once or that it ever will occur, however, is a chasuble of an- "will find it easy to leap from one happen again. Is it really true that other color. stepping stone to another and pre- "a completely disinterested, devoted, consecrated papacy . . . would be a In any case, Rome and Reunion is tend a strong bridge is built above an exciting and thought-provoking them; but we know better." Arch- blessing beyond compare and might aeological and literary evidence, in- indeed bring the whole world 'not volume, well worth anyone's study; cluding a thorough misreading of far from the Kingdom of God,'" and our opinions about it will be as Matthew 16:18, just does not vindi- and that it is "one of the most price- diverse as our opinions about Rome. cate papal authority; but papacy less elements in the Christian herit- Whatever these opinions it is surely does find a kind of pragmatic vindi- age?" required reading. cation as a powerful, civilizing force Truly, in the deepest sense, man- — MARION L. MATICS in the history of mankind. After Leo kind's only hope does lies in the area Dr. Matics is rector of Christ the attention of the popes wisely of religious concern and dedication: centered upon western and northern but even a reunited Church could Church Parish, Bay Ridge, New Europe and in due time the fiercest not solve all the problems of this York City. ^••^"-^-•^SSPP •

Schools of the Church

THE NATIONAL THE CHURCH Shattuck School CATHEDRAL SCHOOL FARM SCHOOL The oldest Church School west of the Alle- (For Girls) GLEN LOCH, PA. giienies integrates all parts of its program — : religious, academic, militarv, social — to help ST. ALBANS SCHOOL A School for Boys Dependent on One Parent nigii school age bovs grow "in wisdom and Grades — 5 th through 12th stature and in favor with God and man." (For Boys) College Preparatory and Vocational Train- Write Two schools on the 58-acre Close of ing: Sports: Soccer, Basketball, Track, DIRECTOR OF ADMISSIONS Cross- Country 665 Shumway Hall the Washington Cathedral offering a SHATTUCK SCHOOL FABIBAULT, MINK. Christian education in the stimulat- Learn to studv, work play on 1600 acre fans ing environment of the Nation's in historic Chester Valley. MEMBER: THE EPISCOPAL Capital. Students experience many Boys Choir — Religious Training SCHOOL ASSOCIATION of the advantages of co-education REV. CHARLES W. SHREINER, D.D.

publication. yet retain the advantages of sepa- Headmaster rate education. — A thorough cur- Post Office: Box S, Paoli, Pa. and riculum of college preparation com- HOLDERNESS bined with a program of supervised athletics and of social, cultural, and reuse The White Mountain School for bovs 13-19 religious activities. for Thorough college preparation in small classes. NORTHWESTERN 1 earn sports, skiing. Debating. Glee Club. Art. Dav: Grades 4-12 Boarding: Grades 8-12 ACADEMY Xew fireproof building. Catalogue Sent Upon Reauest Mount St. Alban. Washington 16, D.C. DONALD C. HAGEKMAN, Headmaster

required LAKE GENEVA, WISCONSIN Plymouth, New Hampshire Rev. James Howard Jacobson Superintendent and Rector ST. ANNE'S SCHOOL An outstanding military college pre- Permission ST. MARGARET'S SCHOOL One of Church Schools in the Diocese of paratory school for boys 12 to 18 Virginia. College preparatory. Girls grades grades 8 through 12. Fireproof COLLEGE PREPARATION FOR GIRLS "-I2. Curriculum is well-rounded, emphasis buildings, modern science depart-

DFMS. is individual, based on principles of Chris- ment, excellent laboratory and aca- / Fully accredited. Grades 8-12. Music, tian democracv. Music. Art. Dramatics. Sports. demic facilities. 90 acre campus with art, dramatics. Small classes. All Riding. Suite-plan dorms. Established 1910. sports. On beautiful Rappahannock extensive lake shore frontage, new MARGARET DOUGLASS JEFFERSON, Headmistress 3 court gym. Enviable year 'round Church River. Episcopal. Summer School. Write for catalog. ST. ANNE'S SCHOOL environment. All sports, including Charlottesville 2. Va. riding and sailing. Accredited. Sum- Viola H. Woolfolk, mer Camp. Write for catalogue Box W, Tappahannock, Virginia Episcopal 164 South Lake Shore Road. the

of SAINT ANDREW'S SCHOOL OF BOCA RATON, FLORIDA THE WOODHULL SCHOOLS Episcopal Boarding School for boys of all LENOX SCHOOL denominations. College preparatory. En- Archives Nursery to College rollment 220. Grades 7-12. High academic A Church School in the Berkshire Hills foi standards. Broad curriculum. Individual bovs 12-18 emphasizing Christian ideal and HOLLIS, L. I. attention. Work program. Olympic-size pool, character through simplicity of plant and all sports. Dormitories and classrooms air- 2020. Sponsored by equipment, moderate tuition, the co-operative ST. GABRIEL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH cond. Healthful climate of Florida's south- eastern coast. Also Summer School program. self-help system and informal, personal rela- under the direction of the rector, tionships among boys and faculty. THE REV. ROBERT Y. CONDIT Write for catalog. Mr. Eugene J. Curtis, Jr., Headmaster REV. ROBERT L. CURRY, Headmaster Copyright - . Box 130-W, Boca Raton, Florida LENOX, MASSACHUSETTS

D e VEAUX S C H O 0 L SAINT AGNES SCHOOL Niagara Falls, New York STUART HALL FOUNDED 1853 Girls Episcopal Boarding (.Grades 7-12) VIRGINIA'S OLDEST PREPARATORY and Country Day School (Grades K-12) A Church School for boys in the Diocese of SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Western New York. Grades 8 thru 12. Col- Fullv accredited college preparatory and lege Preparatory. Small Classes. 50 acre Episcopal school in the Shenandoah Vallev. general courses. Music, Drama, Arts, all Grades 9-12. Fullv accredited. Notable Sports. Small classes. Individual attention Campus, Resident Faculty. Dormitorv for coilege entrance record. Also general course 80, School Building, Chapel, Gvmnasium and with strong music and an. Modern equip- and guidance stressed. Established 1870. 49- Swimming Pool. Write for catalog Box "A". ment. Gymnasium, indoor swimming pool. acre campus. Write for catalog. Attractive campus, charming surroundings. DATED A. KENNEDY, M-A., Headmaster Catalog. HAMILTON H. BOOKHOUT, Headmaster THB RT. REV. LAUHISTON L. SCAIFS, D.D., MAHTHA DABNEY, Headmistress SAINT AGNES SCHOOL Pres. Board of Trustees Box W. ' Staunton, Virginia Box W., Albany, N. Y. 12211