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Global Public Goods for Development 20 the World Bank’S Role in Promoting Global Public Goods 42 Notes 46 References 47 Too Global to Fail to Global Too Evans and Davies and Evans Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Environment andSustainableDevelopment Environment DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS IN National and Global Public Policy in2025 Policy National andGlobalPublic The World BankattheIntersection of World The J. Warren Evans and Robin Davies, Editors andRobin Davies, Evans Warren J. Too Global to Fail Globalto Too Too Global to Fail DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Environment and Sustainable Development Too Global to Fail The World Bank at the Intersection of National and Global Public Policy in 2025 J. Warren Evans and Robin Davies, Editors © 2015 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Evans, J. Warren, and Robin Davies, eds. 2015. Too Global to Fail: The World Bank at the Intersection of National and Global Public Policy in 2025. Directions in Development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. 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The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@ worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0307-9 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0310-9 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 Cover photo: © Curt Carnemark / World Bank. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse. Cover design: Debra Naylor, Naylor Design, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested. Too Global to Fail • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 Contents Foreword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xxiii About the Contributors xxv Abbreviations xxxi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 J. Warren Evans and Robin Davies Notes 9 References 9 PART 1 The Future of Global Public Goods 11 Chapter 2 Global Public Goods and International Development 13 Scott Barrett State, Regional, and Global Development 14 Public Goods and Development 17 Global Public Goods and Sovereignty 18 Global Public Goods for Development 20 The World Bank’s Role in Promoting Global Public Goods 42 Notes 46 References 47 Chapter 3 Environmental Sustainability as a Development Issue: The Evolution of an Idea 53 J. Warren Evans Evolution of the International Environmental Agenda 53 World Bank Sustainable Development Institutional Framework 55 The World Bank and Environmental Global Public Goods 58 Notes 66 References 66 Too Global to Fail • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 v vi Contents Chapter 4 The Future Is Now: Scenarios to 2025 and Beyond 67 J. Warren Evans Population and Economic Growth Projections 68 Natural Resource and Climate Scenarios 69 Biodiversity 69 Water Resources 71 Oceans 73 Climate Change 74 Some Indications of Progress 80 Drilling Down: The Resource Scarcity Dilemma 83 Technology: The Planet’s Salvation? 85 Notes 88 References 88 PART 2 Financing Global Public Goods 93 Chapter 5 Something’s Gotta Give: Aid and the Financing of Global Public Goods 95 Robin Davies Global Public Goods for Development 96 A Trend Analysis 101 The Changing Context for Aid 104 GPGs versus the standard aid policy narrative 106 Conclusion 111 Notes 113 References 114 Chapter 6 Aiding Global Public Policy: Rethinking Rationales and Roles 117 Robin Davies Revising the Rationale for Aid and Redefining ODA 118 The Multilateral GPG Delivery System 122 A Way Forward 127 Conclusions 133 Notes 137 References 138 Chapter 7 Financing Global Public Goods at Scale 141 Kenneth Lay The Problem: Public Credit Alone Cannot Meet the Biggest Challenges 141 Global Savings: The Resource, Its Potential, and Its Constraints 141 Too Global to Fail • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 Contents vii Quality and Liquidity in GPG Finance: Pooling and Securitization 145 Notes 148 PART 3 Strategic Directions for the Provision of Global Public Goods 151 Chapter 8 Emerging Economies, Emerging Development Partners 153 J. Warren Evans, Laura Tlaiye, Tae Yong Jung, and Esther Choi A Growing Presence in Regional and Global Affairs 155 Recent Policies and Initiatives Shaping Brazil’s Role in Global Public Goods 159 Conclusions: Brazil’s Potential Contribution to Sustainable Development Post-2025 163 Korea’s Role in Asia and the International Community 165 Korea’s Standing with Regard to Global Public Goods 169 Conclusion: Korea’s Contribution to Sustainable Development Post-2025 and the Role of the World Bank 180 Notes 184 References 185 Chapter 9 Shifting Priorities: Re-envisioning World Bank Partnerships for Transformational Impact 189 J. Warren Evans, Isabel Nicholson, Lelei TuiSamoa LeLaulu, and Alison Wescott Introduction 189 Current Partnerships: Examples of Strengths and Challenges 190 Case Study: The Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund 191 Case Study: The Global Tiger Initiative and Collective Impact: An Effective Conservation Model 192 Case Study: The Global Partnership for Oceans 195 A Model for the Future of World Bank Partnerships: Sustained Leadership for Collective Impact 199 Notes 203 References 204 Chapter 10 Urban Sustainable Development: Re-envisioning the City of 2025 205 Julianne Baker Gallegos and Sintana Vergara Why Youth? 205 Nine Priorities for the City of 2025 206 Too Global to Fail • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 viii Contents Mobility 211 Livability 213 Access to Basic Needs and Opportunities 215 Human Capital 217 Security 219 Reduced Pollution 222 Governance and Planning 223 Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient Urban Development 225 Photo Voice Project 228 Notes 229 References 230 Chapter 11 Managing Transitions to Sustainable Provision of Global Public Goods 233 Derk Loorbach, Roebin Lijnis Huffenreuter, Niki Frantzeskaki, and Jan Rotmans Global Systemic Change and Persistent Unsustainability 233 The Transitions Approach to Global Sustainability Transitions 237 The Transition Governance Framework 242 Transition Management for Sustainability Transitions 245 Transition Governance in a Global Context 250 Tensions in Transitions from a Global Perspective 251 The Role of Multilateral Organizations 254 Conclusion and Fundamental Reflections 255 References 258 PART 4 The Final Stretch: High Road or Low? 263 Chapter 12 Conclusion 265 Robin Davies and J. Warren Evans Global Risks and the World Bank 266 Bank-Led Partnerships: Three Key Challenges 268 The Concept and Supply of Aid 272 The Role of International Development Organizations 274 The Last Word 275 Notes 276 References 276 Boxes 1.1 What Young Development Professionals Think About Collaborative Consumption 7 2.1 A Taxonomy of Public Goods 14 Too Global to Fail • http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0307-9 Contents ix 2.2 Smallpox Eradication 15 2.3 The Case for Financing Knowledge for Development 21 2.4 The Green Revolution 24 2.5 The Cost of Carbon 29 2.6 Influenza Pandemics 35 2.7 Managing Tuna in the Central and Western Pacific
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