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Expert Paper Seven Cross-Cutting Issues Expert Paper Series Expert Paper Cross-Cutting Seven Issues Cross-Cutting Issues Copyright © 2006 by the Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods. All rights reserved. ISBN: 0-9788790-7-4 For electronic copies of this report, please visit www.gpgtaskforce.org. For hard copies of this report, please contact the Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods, PO Box 16369, SE- 103 27 Stockholm, Sweden. After 31 December 2006, please contact the Department for Development Policy, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, SE-103 39 Stockholm, Sweden. Printing: Erlanders Infologistics Väst AB, Stockholm, Sweden Design: Grundy & Northedge, London, United Kingdom Editing and layout: Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C., United States This publication may be reproduced in full or in part if accompanied with the following citation: Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods. 2006. Expert Paper Series Seven: Cross-Cutting Issues. Stockholm, Sweden. Contents Biographies of Authors v Acronyms and Initials vii Preface ix Papers commissioned by the Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods x Chapter 1 – Critical Factors for Providing Transnational Public Goods Scott Barrett 1 Why are transnational public goods undersupplied? 5 A framework for analyzing the supply of transnational public goods 9 Applying the framework 29 Recommendations for institutional design 50 Notes 53 References 56 Chapter 2 – Financing Global Public Goods: Issues and Prospects Pierre Jacquet and Sarah Marniesse 59 Five stylized observations on providing global public goods 61 Theoretical insights and typologies 67 Financing implications 77 Conclusion 89 Notes 92 References 94 Chapter 3 – Review of Lead Institutions for Global Public Goods Alexander Shakow 99 Comparative framework 101 World Trade Organization—promoting the gains from world trade 103 UN Security Council—preserving peace and security 109 International Monetary Fund—preserving financial stability 115 United Nations Environment Programme Plus—preventing adverse environmental spillovers 119 iii World Health Organization—preventing the spread of communicable diseases 128 Conclusion 135 Notes 135 References 136 Chapter 4 – Regional Public Goods and Regional Cooperation Todd Sandler 143 Regional public goods: a typology and implications 147 Regional public goods versus global public goods 155 Subsidiarity and regional public goods 157 Institutions and regional cooperation 160 Key regional public good sectors 162 Conclusions and recommendations 172 Notes 174 References 175 Chapter 5 – Regional Cooperation: A Tool for Addressing Regional and Global Challenges Björn Hettne and Fredrik Söderbaum 179 Building the framework 181 Applying the framework 194 Policy conclusions and recommendations 226 Notes 234 References 239 Chapter 6 – Strengthening the Capacity of Developing Countries to Participate in the Provision of Global Public Goods Heather Baser 245 Capacity and capacity development 246 Points of entry for capacity development 247 Capacity and global public goods 248 Good practice 254 Recommendations 262 Conclusions 269 Notes 272 References 273 iv Biographies of Authors Scott Barrett is a professor and the director of international policy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a distinguished visiting fellow at the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization at Yale University. His recent and forthcoming articles have been on topics ranging from global climate change to disease eradication and global catastrophes. He is currently writing a book in association with the International Task Force on Global Public Goods to be published by Oxford University Press. Pierre Jacquet has since January 2002 been executive director (in charge of strategy) and chief economist at the French Development Agency (AFD) in Paris. He was formerly deputy director of the French Institute of International Relations (IFRI) in Paris and chief editor of IFRI’s quarterly review Politique Etrangère. He is a professor of international economics and chairman of the Department of Economics and Social Sciences at the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, and a guest professor in executive programs at the French business school INSEAD. Sarah Marniesse is a graduate of the National School of Statistics and Economic Administration (Paris) and has a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Sorbonne, Paris. After a post-doctorate in the Michigan State University Small Enterprises Program, she joined the Research Department of the French Development Agency, where she worked on several development issues, in particular global public goods. She now works as a project manager in the Human Development Department. Alexander Shakow joined the World Bank in 1981 after nearly 20 years with the Peace Corps and the US Agency for International Development. At the World Bank he held a number of policy and advisory positions before becoming director of strategic planning, and subsequently director of external affairs. He was then executive secretary v of the Joint Bank/Fund Development Committee, a position he held until his retirement in 2002. Todd Sandler holds the Robert R. and Katheryn A. Dockson Professorship of International Relations and Economics at the University of Southern California (USC). He is also a professor of economics, international relations and law in the School of Law at USC. He has written or edited 20 books, including Global Collective Action, Economic Concepts for the Social Sciences and Global Challenges, as well as over 200 journal articles in economics and political science that have appeared in American Political Science Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics and American Economic Review. He also co-authored a recently published book titled The Political Economy of Terrorism (Cambridge University Press). Björn Hettne is a professor in the Department of Peace and Development Research (Padrigu) at the School of Global Studies, Göteborg University. He has authored books and articles on development theory, international political economy, European integration, regionalism and ethnic relations. He was project leader and co-editor of the five-volume UNU/WIDER series on new regionalism (Palgrave Macmillan). Fredrik Söderbaum is an associate professor at the Department of Peace and Development Research (Padrigu), the director of the Centre for African Studies at the School of Global Studies, Göteborg University, and research fellow at the United Nations University-Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS), Bruges, Belgium. He has published widely on the topic of regionalism. Recent books include EU as a Global Player: The Politics of Interregionalism (Routledge, 2006, edited with Luk van Langenhove), The Political Economy of Regionalism: The Case of Southern Africa (Palgrave, 2004) and Theories of New Regionalism (Palgrave, 2003, edited with Tim Shaw). Heather Baser is the coordinator of the Development Cooperation and Capacity Programme at ECDPM. She leads the ECDPM study on Capacity, Change and Performance, inititated under the aegis of the OECD/DAC network on governance. She has a master’s degree in international development from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, with a thesis on technology transfer. She has spent nearly 20 years looking at aid effectiveness issues, with a focus on technical assistance, sector-wide approaches and capacity development. vi Acronyms and Initials ACP Asia-Caribbean-Pacific AITIC Agency for International Trade Information and Co-operation AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations DAC Development Assistance Committee DDA Doha Development Agenda DSM Dispute Settlement Mechanism DTIS Diagnostic Trade Integration Study EBA Everything But Arms EC European Commission EU European Union GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GPG global public good GSP Generalized System of Preferences IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IF integrated framework IFI International Financial Institution ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund Intelsat International Telecommunications Satellite Organization ITC International Trade Centre vii JITAP Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme LDC least developed country MFA Multifibre Agreement MFDN most-favoured-developing-nation MFN most-favoured-nation NAMA non-agriculture market access OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PTS preferential trade agreement RIP Regional Indicative Programme ROO rule of origin RTA regional trade agreement SDT special and differential treatment SPS Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures TBT Technical Barriers to Trade TPR Trade Policy Review TPRM Trade Policy Review Mechanism TRIMS Trade-Related Aspects of Investment Measures TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNSC United Nations Security Council WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WTO World Trade Organization viii Preface A one-size-fits-all solution does not exist for the supply of global public goods. Each specific global public good demands a supply remedy of its own. The six volumes focusing
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