Historical Society of Alberta
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HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ALBERTA - WHOOP-UP COUNTRY CHAPTER Number 1 NEWSLETTER ISSN 0382-9812 January, 1980 Membership in the Whoop-up Country Chapter, Historical Society of Alberta, including a subscription to the quarterly Alberta History, newsletters, and notice of meetings, can be obtained for $6.00 per year. Send membership dues to: James H. Carpenter, Treasurer Whoop-up Country Chapter, P. 0. Box 974 Le thbr idge, AIberta TIJ 4A2 SOCIETY OFFICERS FOR 1978-79 President Alex Johnston, Marquis Hotel Past President Frank A. Russell, Box 326 Vice President Carlton R. Stewart, 1005 - 23rd Street North Secretary 0. J. (Doug) Card, 1051 - 13th Street South Treasurer James H. Carpenter, 2117 - 14th Avenue South Council Me-iUjer (1982) Clarence Geiger, 1255 - 5th Avenue A South Council Member (1982) Gordon A. Ross, 1903 - 13th Avenue South Council Member (1981) Andrew J. Staysko, Green Acres Lodge Council Member (1981) Henry Anderson, 2226 - 18th Avenue South Council Member (1980) Mrs. Donna Coulter, Box 1001, Fort Macleod Council Member (1980) Mrs. Nora Everson, 403 Park Towers Apts. WINTER PROGRAM FORT KIPP The winter program is as follows:- [Hazel Ross, of 1903 - 13th Avenue South, is inter ested in local and regional history. She has in the Tuesday, January 22, 1980: Bruce A. Haig will show past contributed items to this newsletter.] slides of a retracing of Thomas Blakiston's 1858 trek over the North and South Kootenay Passes. There are various conflicting reports as to the loca tion of Fort Kipp. It was built in 1870 by the Tuesday, February 26, 1980: Dr. John F. Dormaar will American traders Joe Kipp and Charles Thomas near show slides on "Dreambeds"—those places where the junction of the Belly and Oldman rivers, but young Indian males fasted and eventually there is no mention of which side of the river it hallucinated. was located. It consisted of log houses forming three sides of a square containing a cook room, liv Tuesday, March 25, 1980; Robert A. Simmons, Canbra ing quarters, trade and store rooms. The windows Foods, will speak on the history of Oilseeds in were high so that one could not look through them this region. from the ground. Broad fireplaces of mud-plastered stone furnished the necessary heat. Tuesday, April 22, 1980: Donna Coulter, Fort Macleod, will show slides of the Porcupine Hills region A year later, three miles from Fort Kipp, I. G. Baker with particular emphasis on wild flowers. and Company, from Fort Benton, Montana, established their fort at the confluence of the Belly and Oldman ******* Rivers. This was apparently built by Howell Harris. It was named Fort Conrad in honor of the manager of The 59th Annual Banquet and Dance to be sponsored by the Company. This post was also known as Robber's the Southern Alberta Pioneers and Their Descendants Roost and Slough Bottom. Soon after it was built, was held in Calgary on November 13, 1979. Pioneers of the fort was attacked by a band of Blood Indians, the year were Charlie McKinnon of Calgary and Anna who were pacified before any damage was done. A Linton of Lethbridge. second attack in the spring of 1873 was more FORT KIPP - copy Of Map From J. P. Turner Book ir6» —I— —t— L Lac la BicKie WhlUfish LaKe. S.naKCeHai %, ^ ^"a'^?."'" Moose HiLi. ,T, .< .-- „J .-•^,''^ -;, •'^^addle LaK* "'"•..w,,,,;-,! ^ -^ •{» a. ,' ,•'"4 ,^ _:„ of'« J^- , Beaver LaKe "^"!^ RooKy Mountair>HouoC.J ., '"•fe -'' Pt-Jice. Hi S.-.lds y . Cot KnifcH.lIf; :.S nV • BoffdloLaKC •!, ManltouLaKe \^ "r. ^<..TailCreelcFb&t >/•^., "R^air Sounding La >^^^>.rj- Tr- ,^arlctis •pounding ^ • %jiv. ••• s-rw^-^^''wv^ J;%X-' 5A H <-'^ •o.fciunu ••'>- 'i>'>- '^ '..r • ii' '"•"•• <^M'^ successful and the Indians burned the fort to the deaths, camped in the valley of the Oldman River, ground. The graves of three white men can be seen a not far from the fort. A few days later, while few yards away from the remains of the old post. Potts was driving some horses down to the water, he saw two Indians astride a single horse. By the The booklet, "Historic Sites of Alberta," states Fort time he had watered the animals and returned them Kipp was built in 1870 but in "North-West Mounted to the corral, the two men had finished their trade Police" by J, P, Turner it is stated that Fort Kipp and were riding away. Squinting into the sunlight. was built in 1872 by Joe Kipp, Charlie Thomas and Potts recognized Good Young Man, his mother's mur Howell Harris as a whiskey trading post, derer, and another Blood named Morning Writing. A story in the Lethbridge News of 1896 tells of the Quickly he grabbed his gun and followed the pair. selling of buffalo hides at Fort Macleod, N,W,T, The They saw him approaching and knowing who it must be, story refers to the same Joe Kipp that built Fort •tried to reach the safety of their camp. But Potts Kipp and it gives a good idea of the type of trading had a fresh horse while the others rode double on a of that period and the stamina required by the fron tired one. As he approached. Potts fired twice, but tiersmen, missed. Then, just as they came to a steep cutbank overlooking the Many Children camp, he shot Good "Joe Kipp of Kipp, Montana is a true son of the west— Young Man in the back, shattering his spine. Rein honest, self-reliant and of undoubted courage'. ing up, he watched the body tumble down to the camp Brought up from childhood among the Indians he was a below, and permitted the second man to escape. successful co»*oy, hunter, government scout, dealer in furs, and Indian reservation trader, proprietor of His revenge now satisfied. Potts quit his job and re horse and cattle ranches. Kipp was the scout who in turned to Montana. Disgusted by the lawlessness and 1870 led the American troops at the Baker massacre on debauchery caused by the whiskey traders, he did not the Marias river, and he was always held in highest come to Canada again until two years later, when he esteem by Government authorities for faithful service helped the Mounted Police stamp out the trade which in preserving peace among the Indians. He speaks had caused the deaths of his mother and half- fluently five different Indian languages and is in brother . variably selected as 'interpreter when the red men have their pow-wows.' In 1874 Potts was engaged by the N.W.M.P. as a scout and interpreter for $90 a month. Then 37 years old, "Kipp's father was one of the first white men to go up he was a moustached, gruff little man whose dress the Missouri River after the explorers Lewis and included the jacket, trousers and cap of the white Clark; his mother was the daughter of an Indian Chief, man, and the leggings, moccasins, knife, belt and At the age of 14 years, determined to get an educa catskin "medicine" of the Indian. tion, he spent a year in St, Louis at school. This thirst for knowledge gave him great advantage over In 1874 the N.W.M.P. arrived to set up a detachment his peers when he returned home. at Fort Kipp, the former whiskey trading post. This newly formed group found their activities varied in "He owned 12,000 buffalo skins and several thousand this new land. They asted as whiskey trade eradica- wolf skins. The market at Fort Benton slumped and Joe tors, peace treaty makers, customs collectors. learned that at Fort Macleod, N.W.T,, the market was International Border patrolmen, census recorders, strong. He could make $3,500 if he could make it to quarantine enforcers, forceful controllers of re Macleod before the news of the slump had reached serve Indians, and ultimately, primary enforcement there. The journey was 220 miles over hills and officers in settlements and towns at the turn of across prairies and he made it on one horse in 30 the century. Law enforcement for most settlers hours." meant the "outposts" but for the men occupying them it was the cortex of policy, social life and barracks The Macleod Gazette of 1882 gives the honor to Joe duty which in the first years could become very mon Kipp for naming Pincher Creek. In 1868, a party in otonous at times. cluding Joe Kipp was prospecting with four wagons and all necessary equipment in the foothills west of Fort The first detachment at Fort Kipp was under the com Macleod. They were camping on a creek when Joe Kipp mand of Sub.-Insp. E. A. Brisebois with 13 men and lost his pincers. The party continued on to the Por 14 horses. Life must have been most difficult for cupine Hills but daily Joe returned to look for his both man and animal that first winter, A letter pincers. The creek was thus named Pincer [now written by Col. Macleod on December 4, 1874, gives Pincher] Creek, The pincers were apparently found in us some idea of the difficulty obtaining feed for 1875 by one of Colonel Macleod's officers while look the animals. ing for a place to build a fort in that area. "I find that I cannot get any of the hay I spoke of Another familiar personality shaping the future of in a former letter as being out on the prairies. Fort Kipp was Jerry Potts, The Glenbow Foundation Between the snow and the buffalo, it has all disap Occasional Paper No, 2 gives us this information.