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Short Notes-Goldberg-0387.Indd Short Communications SALAMANDRA 45 2 125-128 Rheinbach, 20 May 2009 ISSN 0036-3375 Helminths from seven species of Microlophus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Peru Stephen R. Goldberg & Charles R. Bursey Abstract. Seven species of Microlophus lizards from Peru were examined for helminth parasites: M. koepckeorum, M. occipitalis, M. peruvianus, M. stolzmanni, M. theresiae, M. thoracicus and M. tigris. We found five species of Nematoda, mature individuals of Parapharyngodon sceleratus, Physalopera retusa, Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, Thubunaea parkeri, and larvae of Ascarididae gen. sp. On average, there were 2.0 ± .2 SD (range = -4) helminth species per Microlophus species. Nine new host records are re- ported. Key words. Reptilia, Tropiduridae, Microlophus, Nematoda, helminth, parasites, Peru. The purpose of this paper is to report 2266-22622, 22625-22627, 22630, 22633, helminths from seven species of Microlophus 22634); M. peruvianus (n = ), SVL = 8.2 from Peru. The genus Microlophus consists mm ± 9.5 SD, range = 58-09 mm, Ancash of some 20 species restricted in distribution Department: Pativilca (LACM 4902, 49037), to South America and the Galapagos Islands Ica Department: Paracas (LACM 4908, (Peters & Donosos Barros 986). Microl- 4909, 49040, 49042, 49044, 49046, Lima ophus koepckeorum, M. peruvianus, M. ther- Department: Pavilca (LACM 49024, 49032), esiae, M. thoracicus, M. tigris are endemic to Cerro Azul (LACM 49057); M. stolzmanni Peru (Lehr 2002). Microlophus occipitalis (n = ), SVL = 68. mm ± 2.0 SD, range = is known from southwestern Ecuador and 49-89 mm, Cajamarca Department: Ochen- northern and central Peru; M. stolzmanni is tiuno (LACM 22652), Bellavista (LACM known from northwestern Peru and possibly 22655, 22659, 22660, 22667-22669, southwestern Ecuador (Peters & Donosos 2267, 22677, 22679, 2268); M. theresiae Barros 986). The only report, to our knowl- (n = 0), SVL = 66. mm ± 5.3 SD, range = 58- edge, of helminths from Microlophus is the 73 mm, Lima Department: El Paraiso Penin- description of Thubunaea parkeri from Mi- sula (LACM 22692-22694, 22699, 2270- crolophus occipitalis by Baylis (926). 22704, 2270, 227); M. thoracicus (n = Seventy-five Microlophus specimens from 0), SVL = 67.9 mm ± 6. SD, range = 56-78 Peru that had been deposited in the herpe- mm, Ica Department: Pisco Junction (LACM tological collection of the Natural History 2273-22736), Ancash Department: Cul- Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), ebras (LACM 22739-2274, 22743); M. ti- Los Angeles, California, USA were examined gris (n = 0), SVL = 64.7 mm ± 4. SD, range for gastrointestinal helminths: M. koepck- = 42-80 mm, Lima Department: Asia Vieja eorum (n = 0), mean snout-vent length (LACM 2272, 2275-22723). (SVL) = 70.9 mm ± 6. SD, range 59-77 mm, The abdominal cavity of each lizard was Lambayeque Department: Motupe (LACM opened and the digestive tract was removed. 22584, 22588-22590), Olmes (LACM The digestive tract was opened and exam- 2259, 22599, 22600), Zapote (LACM ined for helminths under a dissecting mi- 2262-2264); M. occipitalis (n = 3), SVL croscope. Nematodes were placed on a glass = 65.2 mm ± 8.4 SD, range = 50-78 mm, slide, cleared in a drop of lactophenol solu- Lambayeque Department: Motupe (LACM tion, covered with a cover slip and identified. © 2009 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT) http://www.salamandra-journal.com 125 Short Communications Tab. 1. Number (N), percent prevalence (P) and mean intensity ± SD (X) of Nematoda species for seven species of Microlophus from Peru. Parapharyngodon Physaloptera Spauligodon Thubunaea Ascarididae scleratus retusa oxkutzcabiensis parkeri gen. sp. N P X N P X N P X N P X N P X M. koepckeorum 8 0 8 0 – – – – – – – – – M. occipitalis 9 23 3.0±2.7 – – – 3 8 3 – – – 2 8 2 M. peruvianus 4 8 2.0±.4 9 – – – – – – – – – M. stolzmanni 6 27 2.0±.7 2 8 .0±0.0 – – – 2 9 2 – – – M. theresiae – – – – – – – – – 4 20 2.0±.4 – – – M. thoracicus 8 30 6.0±5.6 – – – – – – – – – – – – M. tigris – – – 2 20 .0±0.0 – – – – – – – – – Selected nematodes were deposited in the Parapharyngodon scleratus was originally United States National Parasite Collection described as Thelandros sceleratus by Tra- (USNPC), Beltsville, Maryland: Microlophus vassos (923) from the iguanid Tropidurus koepckeorum: Parapharyngodon scleratus torquatus from Maguinhos, State of Rio de (USNPC 00775), Physaloptera sp. (USNPC Janeiro, Brazil. It was reassigned to Parap- 00776); Microlophus occipitalis: Parapharyn- haryngodon by Freitas (957). Parapharyn- godon scleratus (USNPC 00777), Spauligo- godon sceleratus is widely distributed in don oxkutzcabiensis (USNPC 00778), As- Brazil and has been reported from Ameiva carid larvae (USNPC 00779); Microlophus ameiva, Kentropyx altamazonicus, Mabuya peruvianus: Parapharyngodon scleratus (US- bistriata, Tropidurus scutipunctatus, T. spinu- NPC 00780), Physaloptera retusa (USN- losus, T. torquatus and the gekkonid Hemi- PC 0078); Microlophus stolzmanni: Para- dactylus mabouia (see Bursey et al. 2005). It pharyngodon scleratus (USNPC 00782), also is known from Microlophus albemarlen- Physaloptera retusa (USNPC 00783), Thubu- sis from the Galapagos Islands (Barus 973) naea parkeri (USNPC 00784); Microlo- and Tropidurus melanopleurus from Bolivia phus theresiae: Thubunaea parkeri (USNPC (Roca 997). Microlophus koepckeorum, M. 00785); Microlophus thoracicus: Thubunaea occipitalis M. peruvianus and M. stolzmanni parkeri (USNPC 00786); Microlophus tigris: represent new host records for Parapharyn- Physaloptera retusa (USNPC 00787). Identi- godon scleratus. fication was based on comparisons with the Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis was de- original descriptions (see below) as well as scribed from the gecko Thecadactylus rapi- comparisons to reference specimens main- cauda from the Yucatan peninsula (Chit- tained in our laboratory. Parasite terminol- wood 938). It was recorded from scelop- ogy is in accordance with Bush et al. (997). orine lizards (Sceloporus malachiticus) from Five species of Nematoda were found: Costa Rica by Goldberg & Bursey (992a), gravid individuals of Parapharyngodon scel- S. formosus, S. grammicus, S. megalepidurus, eratus (Travassos, 923), Physaloptera retusa S. mucronatus from Mexico (Goldberg et al. Rudolphi, 89, Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis 2003), and from the gecko Phyllodactylus re- (Chitwood, 938), Thubunaea parkeri Bay- issii from Peru (Goldberg & Bursey 2004). lis 926 and second stage larvae of Ascari- Spauligodon, a member of the Oxyuridae, has dae gen. sp. (Fig. , Table ). On average there a monoxenous (= direct life cycle) not involv- were 2.0 ± .2 SD (range = -4) helminth spe- ing an intermediate host (Anderson 2000). cies per Microlophus species. These nema- Infection occurs by contact with contami- todes are frequently found in South Ameri- nated substrate or possibly by ingesting eggs can lizards. from licking the substrate (see Goldberg & 126 Short Communications Fig. 1-5: Fig. 1a-d. Para- pharyngodon scleratus from Microlophus from Peru: (a) female; (b) female en face view; (c) male; (d) egg. Fig. 2a-d. Spauligodon oxkutz- cabiensis from Microlophus from Peru: (a) female; (b) fe- male en face view; (c) male; (d) egg. Fig. 3. Ascarididae gen. sp. (larva) from Micro- lophus from Peru. Fig. 4a- d. Physaloptera retusa from Microlophus from Peru: (a) female (anterior view); (b) female en face view; (c) male (posterior view); (d) female (posterior view). Fig. 5a-d. Thubunaea par- keri from Microlophus from Peru: (a) female (anterior view); (b) female en face view; (c) male (posterior view); (d) female (posterior view). Bursey 992b). Microlophus occipitalis repre- and South America (see Goldberg et al. sents a new host record for Spauligodon ox- 2007). Insects serve as intermediate hosts kutzcabiensis. (Anderson 2000). Microlophus stolzmanni There are few reports of ascarid larvae in represents a new host record for Physalop- South American lizards (Vrcibradic et al. tera retusa. Thubunaea parkeriwas described 2002, Bursey et al. 2005) and ascarid trans- from M. occipitalis and Dicrodon heterolepis mission commonly involves terrestrial inver- from Peru (Baylis 926). The life cycle of T. tebrates (Anderson 2000). Thus, the pres- parkeri has not been studied, but Velikanov ence of ascarid larvae in M. occipitalis may (992) reported beetles to serve as intermedi- represent an accidental occurrence, a byprod- ate hosts for the congener Thubunaea baylisi. uct of diet. Physaloptera retusa was originally Microlophus stolzmanni and M. theresioides described from the teiid Tupinambis teguixin represent new host records for Thubunaea from Brazil by Rudolphi (89). Physalop- parkeri. tera retusa is widespread in the western hem- With at least 78 lizard species known from isphere and is known from North, Central Peru (Lehr 2002) and reports of helminths 127 Short Communications from only 5 (8%) much work needs to be – Journal of the Helminthological Society of done before the helminth diversity of Peru- Washington, 59: 25-27. vian lizards can be ascertained. Goldberg, S.R. & C.R. Bursey (992b): Preva- lence of the nematode Spauligodon giganticus (Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae) in neonatal Yar- Acknowledgements row’s spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii (Sauria: Iguanidae). – Journal of Parasitology 78: 539- We thank Christine Thacker (Natural History 54. Museum of Los Angeles County) for permission Goldberg, S.R. & C.R. Bursey (2004): Phyllo- to examine specimens, Peggy Firth for the illus- dactylus reissii (Peter’s Leaf-toed Gecko). En- trations and Tenzing
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