Annotated Checklist of the Avian Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 2004-2020

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Gordon Natural Area Bird Survey Documents Gordon Natural Area Bird Survey

8-10-2020

Annotated Checklist of the Avian Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 2004-2020. Version IX. Data from eBird (through 7/20/2020) and from the 2004 West Chester Bird Club Survey of the GNA.ersion IX.

Nur Ritter West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

Josh R. Auld West Chester University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_series

Part of the Zoology Commons

Recommended Citation Ritter, N., & Auld, J. R. (2020). Annotated Checklist of the Avian Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 2004-2020. Version IX. Data from eBird (through 7/20/2020) and from the 2004 West Chester Bird Club Survey of the GNA.ersion IX.. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/gna_bird_series/4

This Dataset is brought to you for free and open access by the Gordon Natural Area Bird Survey at Digital Commons @ West Chester University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gordon Natural Area Bird Survey Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ West Chester University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Annotated Checklist of the Avian Species Observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 2004-2020. Version IX

Summary Data Number of Surveys: 108 'Site Visits' by 28 Birders. Note: this does not count the birders who participated in the 2004 West Chester Bird Club Survey as they were not identified on the species checklist.

Number of Taxa: 125 Species, in 86 Genera and 38 Families.

Abundances The color of each month's 'box' represents the average number of individuals observed during all surveys during that month (see key at the bottom of the page). The first number within the 'box' for each month represents the number of days in which that species was observed during the month; the second number represents the total number of days of surveying for that month.

Audubon Priority Birds: "are birds of significant conservation need, for which our actions, over time, can lead to measurable improvements in status" (Audubon 2020a).

PBS Status Data are from the Pennsylvania Biological Survey (PBS 2020).

IUCN Status: Data are from the The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2020).

Threats The 2014 climate threat assessment data are from Audubon (2020b). The 2020 climate threat assessment data (Audubon 2020c) were compiled from a query based on species' statuses in Zip Code 19383 and a query for species' statuses in Pennsylvania. The default was data for Zip Code 19383, whenever these were available.

Foraging Strategies and Food Sources Data were compiled from the Audubon Guide to North American Birds website (Audubon 2020d). Ground Foraging Species (i.e., species that are either ground foragers or foliage-gleaners and which forage on invertebrates) were determined based on Conover (2011). FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae)

Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) 2/242 Years Observed: 2016; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/12/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Primarily).

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 1/256 Years Observed: 2016 Most Recently Observed: 5/7/2016 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Earthworms (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herbaceous Material (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) 4/643 3/78 1/62 6/245 4/255 1/734 2/155 5/76 7/10? Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/28/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 2 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) 1/64 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 1/3/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herbaceous Material (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Loons (Gaviidae)

Common Loon (Gavia immer) 1/242 Years Observed: 2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Herbaceous Material (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae)

Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) 1/64 2/248 1/259 Years Observed: 2004; 2017-2019 Most Recently Observed: 3/29/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Herbaceous Material (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 3 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Bitterns, Herons, and Allies (Ardeidae)

Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) 3/241 1/71 1/101 1/71 2/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/20/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Opportunistic Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal).

New World Vultures (Cathartidae)

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) 3/63 3/73 3/61 18/242 9/252 1/73 2/103 5/152 4/73 5/103 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Scavenger Food Sources: Carrion (Primarily); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herbaceous Material (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 4 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) 1/64 1/71 2/62 3/241 1/251 1/102 1/151 1/74 3/104 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2016; 2017; 2019; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 3/7/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Scavenger Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Primarily); Eggs (Secondarily/Seasonal); Garbage/Refuse (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herbaceous Material (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Ospreys (Pandionidae)

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) 2/241 1/2510 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 4/8/2017 Status Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Pennsylvania Threatened IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered

Food Sources: Birds (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Hawks, Kites, Eagles, and Allies (Accipitridae)

Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) 1/61 1/61 1/241 1/251 2/101 Years Observed: 2016-2018 Most Recently Observed: 12/30/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 5 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) 1/71 2/241 2/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2015; 2016; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/25/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Birds (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) 3/62 2/71 2/61 11/242 7/251 3/71 2/106 7/151 3/72 4/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) 1/71 1/61 1/241 1/101 Years Observed: 2014; 2018; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 3/3/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 6 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) 1/252 2/101 Years Observed: 2015-2017 Most Recently Observed: 12/16/2017 Status Audubon Priority Species Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Pennsylvania Threatened IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae)

Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) 1/61 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 1/3/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 7 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies (Scolopacidae)

American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) 1/71 1/242 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2017; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 10/29/2018 Status Audubon Priority Species IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Earthworms (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) 1/1510 Years Observed: 2004 Most Recently Observed: 9/5/2004 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers (Laridae)

Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) 1/62 2/104 Years Observed: 2015; 2017; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 3/23/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Garbage/Refuse (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 8 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Pigeons and Doves (Columbidae)

Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) 2/242 1/256 1/151 1/103 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2018 Most Recently Observed: 4/6/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Earthworms (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) 4/73 4/63 22/244 16/254 5/77 5/106 1/12 13/1512 4/75 4/104 Years Observed: 2004; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Cuckoos, Roadrunners, and Anis (Cuculidae)

Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) 1/251 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 6/18/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Eggs (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 9 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Typical Owls (Strigidae)

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) 1/62 5/243 1/71 2/103 Years Observed: 2011; 2016-2020 Most Recently Observed: 1/3/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Primarily).

Barred Owl (Strix varia) 1/241 3/252 Years Observed: 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/23/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Possibly); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Primarily).

Swifts (Apodidae)

Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) 11/254 2/73 1/101 2/155 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Vulnerable; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 10 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) 1/251 1/13 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/9/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Primarily).

Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)

Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) 1/61 1/101 Years Observed: 2016; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 1/12/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Primarily); Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Woodpeckers and Allies (Picidae)

Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) 2/67 3/62 22/243 11/252 3/72 7/102 1/12 7/152 2/73 6/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 11 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) 3/61 2/62 8/241 5/251 6/151 1/71 4/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2016-2020 Most Recently Observed: 1/23/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) 4/66 3/74 4/66 22/246 19/254 5/74 4/105 1/12 14/155 6/76 8/105 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 6/16/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Eggs (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) 5/64 3/72 4/63 22/243 10/252 3/72 3/102 1/11 14/153 3/72 7/103 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 12 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) 3/61 1/71 10/242 4/251 1/72 1/101 1/11 4/151 2/72 7/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) 2/62 2/241 2/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/5/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Caracaras and Falcons (Falconidae)

Merlin (Falco columbarius) 1/241 Years Observed: 2017 Most Recently Observed: 4/14/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered

Food Sources: Birds (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 13 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) 1/151 Years Observed: 2015 Most Recently Observed: 9/25/2015 Status Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Pennsylvania Endangered IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Primarily); Carrion (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae)

Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) 1/151 Years Observed: 2016 Most Recently Observed: 9/16/2016 Status Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Pennsylvania Extirpated IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Near Threatened; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) 11/252 2/71 6/102 1/13 9/152 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 14 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) 3/251 2/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 5/16/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Possibly).

Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) 1/251 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 5/11/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) 3/252 2/72 1/101 Years Observed: 2004 Most Recently Observed: 7/4/2004 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) 2/62 10/242 8/251 3/71 1/102 2/151 1/72 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 10/18/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 15 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) 1/241 4/251 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Vireos (Vireonidae)

Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons) 1/241 3/251 1/71 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/9/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) 4/251 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) 3/241 8/252 1/72 1/101 1/11 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 16 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) 16/253 4/74 4/102 1/12 2/151 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 5/26/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius) 3/241 Years Observed: 2004; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 4/28/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Jays and Crows (Corvidae)

American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) 4/63 1/75 3/63 21/245 18/254 4/73 4/101 1/12 13/154 4/79 5/109 Years Observed: 2004; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Opportunistic Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Secondarily/Seasonal); Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Eggs (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Garbage/Refuse (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 17 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Common Raven (Corvus corax) 1/151 2/102 Years Observed: 2017; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 12/30/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Carrion (Secondarily/Seasonal); Eggs (Secondarily/Seasonal); Garbage/Refuse (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Mammals (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus) 1/61 2/66 8/242 5/251 1/101 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Scavenger (Sometimes); Opportunistic Food Sources: Carrion (Secondarily/Seasonal); Eggs (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Garbage/Refuse (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) 4/69 3/72 4/66 23/2410 20/256 6/75 5/1010 1/13 14/1514 6/79 8/109 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 6/16/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Opportunistic Food Sources: Carrion (Rarely/Small Amounts); Eggs (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 18 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) 1/242 7/252 1/102 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) 1/241 1/251 Years Observed: 2016; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) 7/243 5/253 1/152 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 19 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Chickadees and Titmice (Paridae)

Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) 4/64 2/74 3/64 21/245 14/254 4/74 6/103 1/11 9/155 3/73 7/106 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) 1/61 Years Observed: 2017 Most Recently Observed: 1/12/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Carrion (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) 4/68 1/714 4/66 20/245 14/252 1/76 5/103 1/13 12/157 5/74 9/106 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 20 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Nuthatches (Sittidae)

Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) 1/62 Years Observed: 2017 Most Recently Observed: 1/12/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) 4/64 2/73 3/63 17/242 12/251 2/75 5/104 1/12 12/154 4/72 7/104 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Creepers (Certhiidae)

Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) 1/61 1/241 3/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2014; 2016; 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 3/29/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 21 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Wrens (Troglodytidae)

Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) 6/63 5/74 4/63 23/243 14/252 4/73 5/102 1/13 14/154 6/75 8/106 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) 3/243 13/252 2/71 5/101 2/152 Years Observed: 1970; 2004; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) 3/61 4/101 Years Observed: 2014; 2017-2020 Most Recently Observed: 1/23/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Unknown Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 22 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Gnatcatchers and Gnatwrens (Polioptilidae)

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) 8/242 3/253 1/102 1/12 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Kinglets (Regulidae)

Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) 6/242 1/154 2/72 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Rarely/Small Amounts); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) 1/61 1/71 2/241 3/102 Years Observed: 2014; 2017; 2018; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/28/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 23 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Thrushes (Turdidae)

Veery (Catharus fuscescens) 2/241 6/254 1/71 Years Observed: 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) 1/61 1/61 7/242 4/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2015; 2017-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) 1/251 Years Observed: 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/9/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Unknown Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 24 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) 4/251 1/151 Years Observed: 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Candidate Rare IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Unknown

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) 5/244 21/256 5/710 8/106 6/153 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status Audubon Priority Species IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Near Threatened; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Earthworms (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) 4/64 3/76 3/63 3/243 2/253 7/107 Years Observed: 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 3/7/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 25 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

American Robin (Turdus migratorius) 4/619 3/73 5/621 23/2423 19/2513 7/78 7/1013 1/18 13/155 6/75 7/1030 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Mockingbirds and Thrashers (Mimidae)

Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) 5/243 22/2511 6/710 6/1010 1/17 13/155 2/72 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 10/4/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Moderate (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) 1/61 1/71 11/242 7/252 1/71 2/104 2/151 3/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2011; 2014; 2015-2018; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 26 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) 1/61 3/242 1/251 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 1/3/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Primarily); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Starlings (Sturnidae)

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) 4/616 3/73 2/68 16/2414 15/254 2/714 3/1014 7/159 1/74 6/1015 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 3/7/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Waxwings (Bombycillidae)

Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) 1/2512 1/74 1/103 5/154 2/1015 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2018 Most Recently Observed: 12/30/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 27 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Wood-Warblers (Parulidae)

Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) 1/151 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 9/14/2018 Status Audubon Priority Species IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) 1/251 Years Observed: 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Kentucky Warbler (Geothlypis formosa) 2/103 Years Observed: 1970; 2004 Most Recently Observed: 7/4/2004 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 28 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) 3/242 16/254 4/75 4/103 1/11 3/151 1/72 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum) 1/251 Years Observed: 2004 Most Recently Observed: 5/23/2004 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) High (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Earthworms (Possibly); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) 1/101 Years Observed: 2016 Most Recently Observed: 7/27/2016 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) 2/242 2/252 Years Observed: 2004; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 29 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Nashville Warbler (Oreothlypis ruficapilla) 2/251 Years Observed: 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) 4/243 17/255 4/74 6/102 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 10/4/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Northern Parula (Setophaga americana) 1/241 5/253 3/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 30 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) 5/254 2/151 2/72 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status Audubon Priority Species IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea) 1/71 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 10/5/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina) 1/241 1/151 Years Observed: 2016; 2017 Most Recently Observed: 4/28/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) 7/245 2/252 1/71 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Unknown

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 31 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor) 1/241 Years Observed: 2017 Most Recently Observed: 4/28/2017 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca) 2/251 1/152 1/72 Years Observed: 2017; 2018 Most Recently Observed: 10/5/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia) 2/251 1/151 1/71 Years Observed: 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 32 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum) 1/241 1/71 Years Observed: 2019 Most Recently Observed: 10/4/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Endangered Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) 1/241 11/252 4/72 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2018 Most Recently Observed: 5/9/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) 9/251 1/152 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 33 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata) 3/251 1/71 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status: Pennsylvania Endangered IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Near Threatened; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Cape May Warbler (Setophaga tigrina) 2/72 Years Observed: 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 10/18/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Secondarily/Seasonal); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts).

Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens) 2/241 3/252 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 34 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) 1/242 1/251 Years Observed: 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Emberizids (Emberizidae)

Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) 4/611 3/67 9/246 9/1015 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 1/23/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) 1/61 1/71 1/61 3/241 2/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2014; 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 35 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) 3/65 4/73 4/64 22/244 19/255 6/75 6/105 8/152 1/72 8/1011 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/25/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) 1/62 1/72 1/62 3/101 Years Observed: 2017-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable

Food Sources: Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) 1/61 16/244 18/255 5/75 5/104 1/13 6/153 2/71 2/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 6/16/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) 1/62 10/242 7/252 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 36 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) 1/61 2/241 1/101 1/102 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea) 1/61 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 3/23/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) 4/67 2/76 4/64 18/248 3/252 1/74 7/1035 Years Observed: 2004; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): High (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) 1/101 Years Observed: 2015 Most Recently Observed: 12/19/2015 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Seeds (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 37 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Cardinals, Piranga Tanagers and Allies (Cardinalidae)

Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) 5/64 4/74 4/65 24/247 20/257 6/77 6/107 1/16 13/154 6/74 9/1010 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Foraging Strategies: Ground Forager Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) 4/253 1/72 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) 2/251 1/71 Years Observed: 2018; 2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 38 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) 1/241 9/252 3/73 7/102 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2006; 2016-2018; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 7/12/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened

Food Sources: Earthworms (Rarely/Small Amounts); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily).

Blackbirds (Icteridae)

Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) 2/742 3/67 10/244 8/252 5/72 1/102 1/11 2/1531 5/1038 Years Observed: 2004; 2014-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/19/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) 1/244 6/252 1/73 1/101 1/151 Years Observed: 2004; 2016-2019 Most Recently Observed: 5/10/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Primarily); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 39 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius) 1/241 Years Observed: 2019 Most Recently Observed: 4/26/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Stable Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Nectar (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) 1/63 1/71 1/61 11/243 9/253 2/72 1/106 1/11 1/151 1/1013 Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2020 Most Recently Observed: 4/11/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Stable (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Seeds (Primarily).

Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) 1/74 1/624 9/241 3/255 1/72 1/103 1/73 4/10? Years Observed: 2004; 2015-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Near Threatened; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Birds (Secondarily/Seasonal); Earthworms (Secondarily/Seasonal); Eggs (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fish and Other Aquatic Life (Secondarily/Seasonal); Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herptiles (Rarely/Small Amounts); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Primarily); Mammals (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Secondarily/Seasonal).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 40 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Fringilline and Cardueline Finches and Allies (Fringillidae)

House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) 2/68 2/72 10/243 8/252 2/71 2/103 1/14 7/155 5/73 5/107 Years Observed: 2004; 2011; 2014-2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/28/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Low (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Purple Finch (Haemorhous purpureus) 1/71 Years Observed: 2018 Most Recently Observed: 10/5/2018 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2014): Climate Threatened Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Low (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for the state of Pennsylvania

Food Sources: Fruits (Secondarily/Seasonal); Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis) 1/65 1/72 12/245 12/253 3/73 4/102 1/12 11/1511 4/77 5/106 Years Observed: 2004; 2014-2019 Most Recently Observed: 12/14/2019 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Increasing Audubon Climate Threat Level (2020): Moderate (Summer) Stable (Winter) — Assessments evaluated for Zip Code 19383

Food Sources: Herbaceous Material (Secondarily/Seasonal); Insects and Other Invertebrates (Secondarily/Seasonal); Sap (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 41 FEB APR JUN AUG OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY JUL SEP NOV

Old World Sparrows (Passeridae)

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) 1/63 1/71 2/243 3/253 1/101 2/153 1/101 Years Observed: 2004; 2016; 2017; 2019; 2020 Most Recently Observed: 2/25/2020 Status IUCN: Redlist Global Status: Least Concern; Global Population: Decreasing

Food Sources: Insects and Other Invertebrates (Rarely/Small Amounts); Seeds (Primarily).

Key to Abundances: Abundant (100+) Common (30-99) Fairly Common (6-29) Uncommon (2-5) Rare (1) Page 42 References Audubon 2020a. Audubon Priority Bird Species. https://www.audubon.org/birds/priority. Date accessed: 5/28/2020.

Audubon 2020b. The Climate Report. https://climate2014.audubon.org. Date accessed: 5/28/2020.

Audubon. 2020c. Survival by Degrees: 389 Bird Species on the Brink. https://www.audubon.org/climate/survivalbydegrees. Date accessed: 5/28/2020.

Audubon. 2020d. Audubon Guide to North American Birds. https://www.audubon.org/bird-guide. Date accessed: 7/7/2020.

Conover, A. M. 2011. The Impact of Non-native Plants on Bird Communities in Suburban Forest Fragments. Master of Science. Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology. University of Delaware, Newark, DE. 44 pp.

[IUCN] International Union for the Conservation of Species. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Date Accessed: 6/30/2020.

[PBS] Pennsylvania Biological Survey Status. 2020. http://www.pabiologicalsurvey.org/.

[PNHP] Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program. 2020. Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Environmental Review List (http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa. us/Species.aspx); Date accessed: 3/27/2020.

Metadata This document was generated from the GNA Avian database. Database created and data maintained by Nur Ritter, Stewardship Manager, Gordon Natural Area.

Recommended Citation: Ritter, N. and Auld, J. 2020. Annotated checklist of the avian species observed at the Gordon Natural Area (West Chester University, PA) 2004-2020. Version IX. Data from eBird (through 7/20/2020) and from the 2004 West Chester Bird Club Survey of the GNA. 43 pp. Database queried and document created: 8/11/2020.

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