ISSMGE Bulletin

Volume 11, Issue 3 June 2017

International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering If the quality of the distributed file is not satisfactory for you, please access the ISSMGE website and download an electronic version. www.issmge.org

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from the President and Select all items below the Chair of the Innovation and Development Committee (IDC) 1 Message from the President and the Chair of the Innovation and Development Committee (IDC) ISSMGE Releases its new 3 Research highlights – Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Conference and Publication Manual 29 Conference reports including its Open Access Policy

• The 18th Brazilian Congress on Soil Mechanics The International Society for Soil Mechanics and and Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) is pleased to rd • The 3 International Conference on publish and distribute online its Conference and Transportation Geotechnics 2016 (Portugal) Publication Manual entitled: • The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering “Conferences, Symposia and Workshops endorsed (Pakistan) by the ISSMGE Including Publication and Open Access Policy.” • Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology

(TGG-2017) (Russia) The manual can be found in this address: • Half-day seminar: Centrifuge modelling in http://www.issmge.org/filemanager/article/391/I research and practice (Thailand) SSMGE_Conference_And_Publication_Manual.pdf 47 ISSMGE Foundation reports 49 Obituary – Professor Ken Been This manual consolidates ISSMGE guidelines on the conferences, symposia and workshops that are 51 Event Diary endorsed by ISSMGE with recent initiatives of 61 Corporate Associates ISSMGE on unrestricted data dissemination with a 63 Foundation Donors focus on publications.

Among the important aspects of this document is E D I T O R I A L B OARD the commitment of ISSMGE on open access for all Frank, Roger (Ex-officio) publications under its auspices. ISSMGE recognizes the need to satisfy different and sometimes Gomes, Antonio Topa (Editor for Europe) competing interests between the publisher, the Gonzalez, Marcelo (Editor for South America) author and the profession-at-large, as well as the Leung, Anthony Kwan (Editor for Europe) need for a sustainable mechanism for publication Ng, Charles Wang Wai (Editor-in-Chief) of high quality scientific material. At the same Ooi, Teik Aun (Editor for Asia) time, ISSMGE recognizes that the availability of Rujikiatkamjorn, Cholachat (Editor for Australasia) high quality scientific and technical publications is of paramount importance for the advancement of Sanchez, Marcelo (Editor for North America) the geotechnical engineering profession. Readers Sfriso, Alejo O (Editor for South America) should have access to the widest possible range of Shahien, Marawan (Editor for Africa) content that is openly shared to enable the most Take, Andy (Editor for North America) effective research, education, and practice of Taylor, Neil (Ex-officio) geotechnical engineering and associated fields. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 2 Message from the President and the Chair of the IDC ISSMGE Releases its new Conference and Publication Manual including its Open Access Policy (Con’t)

To this end, ISSMGE makes an institutional commitment to the availability of high quality scientific and technical material to the profession through its own resources and outreach channels, including the ISSMGE website and its databases. Already many publications have become available through the ISSMGE website and more are expected to become available in the near future.

ISSMGE invites its Member Societies, Technical Committees, Publishers and other parties to support this policy that should have a significant positive footprint on geotechnical practice, research and education at a global scale.

On behalf of the ISSMGE,

Roger Frank, President Dimitrios Zekkos, Chair of Innovation and Development Committee (IDC)

18th May 2017 ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 3 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a comprehensive and research-intensive university, with over 33,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students. The University is organized into eight colleges and schools. They are the College of Engineering, the College of Science, the College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, the Nanyang Business School, and the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine - set up jointly with Imperial College London. The College of Engineering is the largest in the university and was ranked 4th in the world for Engineering and Technology in the latest QS World University Rankings by Subject. NTU was ranked 11th in the world and 1st in Asia in the 2017/18 QS World University Rankings.

The geotechnical group at NTU was established in 1981. Professor Bengt B Broms, the President of ISSMGE from 1985 to 1989, was the head of the group from 1983 to 1994. The research focuses of the group in the past were on foundations for high-rise buildings, land reclamation, underground space development, and tropical soils engineering. The group has a tradition of working closely with industries through the NTU- PWD Geotechnical Research Centre in the past and the NTU-JTC Industrial Infrastructure Innovation (I3C) Centre or the NTU-LTA Transport Research Centre in recent years. The group has undertaken R&D works in conjunction with several large-scale construction projects in Singapore. These include the Changi East land reclamation, the Bukit Timah rock cavern and the Jurong rock cavern projects. To overcome the challenges associated with the lack of space for future economic developments and urban living, the Centre for Usable Space and the Nanyang Centre for Underground Space were also established to develop technologies and solutions for space creation, space utilisation, underground construction, and urban sustainability. Some of the recent and ongoing large-scale research projects include Underwater infrastructure and underwater city of the future, Impact of rock blasting on nearby structures, Intensification of low-density developments: functional bridging buildings, Biogrouting for underground construction, GeoBarrier system for underground structure, NTU-JTC I3C and SINTEF Joint research for cost effective advanced grouting technology for water control during cavern excavation, Pilot field trial on the application of soft materials for reclamation, Geo-Env-Mobility measuring and monitoring (GEM3) station, and Web-based 3D geodata modelling and management system (GeM2S).

At the present, the geotechnical group at NTU consists of 10 faculty members: CHU Jian, Anthony GOH, LEONG Eng Choon, LOW Bak Kong, Harianto RAHARDJO, TEH Cee Ing, Budi WIBAWA, WU Wei, YI Yaolin and ZHAO Zhiye. Some of the research highlights are presented in the following.

Harianto RAHARDJO Website: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/aboutus/FacultyDir/Pages/chrahardjo.aspx

Dr. Harianto Rahardjo is currently a Professor of the School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Professor Rahardjo has served as the Head, Division of Infrastructure Systems and Maritime Studies (2008- 2014), the Vice-Dean and Associate Chair (Research), School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, NTU (1999-2007) and Director of NTU-PWD Geotechnical Research Centre, NTU (1996-1998). He has amassed over 35 years of teaching, research and consulting expertise in geotechnical engineering. Professor Rahardjo’s research interests are in the behaviour of unsaturated tropical soils, the effects of flux boundary conditions on geotechnical structures, rainfall - induced landslides (assessments & instrumentation), soil improvement for tree stability, laboratory testing for saturated & unsaturated soils, specialised soil testing techniques & their interpretation, and numerical methods in geotechnical engineering.

Professor Rahardjo has conducted extensive research on unsaturated soil mechanics to solve geotechnical problems associated with tropical residual soils. These research activities are in collaboration with and supported by many major agencies. These include the Housing & Development Board, National Parks Board, Ministry of Education, Public Works Department, National Science and Technology Board, A*STAR, Building Construction Activity and Singapore Land Authority. His research focus has been on rainfall- ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 4 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

induced landslides; one of the major natural disasters occurring in many parts of the world. He has applied unsaturated soil mechanics principles to better understand the mechanisms that lead to and initiate rainfall-induced slope failures especially in residual soil formations. Professor Rahardjo advanced unsaturated soil mechanics laboratory at Nanyang Technological University and numerous comprehensive instrumented slopes. One of Professor Rahardjo’s most recent research activities involves the application of unsaturated soil mechanics in capillary barrier systems for slope stabilization and landfill capping through laboratory testing, numerical analyses and field instrumentation. He has also applied unsaturated soil mechanics to soil improvement for tree stability and to understand the effects of rainfall on tree stability.

Professor Rahardjo is the co-author of the first textbook on unsaturated soils “Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils“, by D.G. Fredlund and H. Rahardjo, published by John Wiley in 1993. This book was translated into Chinese in 1997, Vietnamese in 2000, Japanese in 2014 and most recently Spanish. He has also participated in over 400 technical publications. He recently co-authored the second textbook “Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice”, by D.G. Fredlund, H. Rahardjo and M.D. Fredlund and published by John Wiley in 2012. He was the Chairman of the Organizing Committee for The First Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000), Singapore, 2000. He has also presented his research works in numerous keynote / invited lectures and short courses in various countries. He has supervised 17 PhD students and 24 Master students who came from many different countries. The details of Professor Rahardjo’s research works and the list of his publications can be accessed through the Digital Library (https://eps.ntu.edu.sg/client/en_US/usmsul/).

Professor Harianto Rahardjo obtained his Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees in Geotechnical Engineering from University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada and his B.Eng. degree in Civil Engineering from Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia. He is a member of the Professional Engineers of Singapore and Saskatchewan, Canada. He is a Core Member of the TC106 Committee of International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) on Unsaturated Soils and Member of the JTC1 on Natural Slopes and Landslides, a Joint Technical Committee set up by the three sister societies ISSMGE, International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG). He has also served as an engineering consultant and advisor to various international projects.

Figure 1. (a) 1st and (b) 2nd book co-authored by Prof Rahardjo; (c) Proceedings of the 1st Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (edited by Prof Rahardjo) and (d) Monograph authored by Prof Rahardjo

Research Projects 1. Rainfall-induced slope failures. During the period of 1995 to 2000, Prof. Rahardjo collaborated with the Public Works Department (PWD) of Singapore to develop guidelines for slope stability assessments against rainfall-induced failures. During the period of 2000 to 2005, NTU carried out further research to investigate the effects of flux boundary conditions on slope stability. Field study and comprehensive

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slope instrumentation was carried out at several slopes in Singapore (Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b). During the period of 2006 to 2008, he collaborated with the Housing and Development Board (HDB) of Singapore to study the relationships between soil types and soil properties for 33 critical slopes in Singapore (Fig. 3a). During the period of 2009-2011, NTU collaborated with HDB to study the performance of several systems for the protection and rehabilitation of slopes. Comprehensive instruments were installed in 13 slopes around Singapore to establish the correlation between local climatic conditions (rainfall, infiltration and evaporation) and slope geology (Fig. 3b). In the next three years, Prof. Rahardjo and his team will be developing a slope management and susceptibility geographical information system with the inclusion of spatial distribution of saturated and unsaturated soil properties for Singapore. The system will be established in collaboration with Building Construction Authority and Singapore Land Authority of Singapore to maintain a highly liveable built environment and resilient sustainable city of Singapore.

Figure 2. (a) Field plot for studying rainfall, runoff and infiltration processes at NTU-CSE slope (after Rahardjo et al., 2004a) and (b) Field instrumentation at residual soil slope from Bukit Timah Granite at Mandai (Rezaur et al., 2002)

Figure 3. (a) Location of soil sampling and (b) Instrumented residual soil slopes for study of rainfall- induced slope failures in Singapore (after Rahardjo et al., 2014b)

References: Rahardjo, H., T.T. Lee, E.C. Leong and R.B. Rezaur (2004a). “A Flume for Assessing Flux Boundary Characteristics in Rainfall-induced Slope Failure Studies”. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM International, March, Vol. 27, No.2, pp. 145 – 153. AWARD PAPER FOR “Outstanding Article on the Practice of Geotechnical Testing”. Rahardjo, H., A. Satyanaga, E.C. Leong and J.-Y. Wang (2014b). “Comprehensive Instrumentation for Real Time Monitoring of Flux Boundary Conditions in Slope". Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, August, Vol. 9, pp. 23-43. Rezaur, R.B., H. Rahardjo, and E.C. Leong (2002). “Spatial and Temporal Variability of Pore-Water Pressures in Residual Soil Slopes in a Tropical Climate”. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, March, Vol. 27, pp. 317-338.

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2. Unsaturated soil testing. Prof Harianto Rahardjo has initiated the setting up of an advanced laboratory for performing unsaturated soil testing with special emphasis on rainfall-induced slope failures in Singapore. Under the supervision of Prof Rahardjo, several PhD students have carried out comprehensive laboratory testing of unsaturated soils. Fig. 4 presents some of the equipment for measuring the shear strength of unsaturated soil. Studies on the shear strength characteristics of a residual soil in Singapore using unsaturated triaxial apparatus were performed by Rahardjo et al. (1995) and Rahardjo et al. (2004).

Research work on unsaturated shear strength of silty sand using unsaturated direct shear apparatus was performed by Schnellman et al. (2013). Fig. 5 presents a mini suction probe for the direct measurements of high matric suctions during triaxial shear strength testing under infiltration conditions simulating rainfall (Meilani et al., 2005). Studies on shearing-infiltration tests using unsaturated direct shear apparatus were also conducted by Melinda et al. (2004) (Fig. 6). Research work on shear strength characteristics of unsaturated soil under multiple cycles of drying and wetting was carried out by Goh et al. (2013). Research to develop a constitutive model of unsaturated shear strength was conducted by Thu et al. (2006). Fig. 7 presents a pressure plate apparatus for determining the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and a triaxial permeameter for performing the unsaturated permeability test. Study on SWCC was carried out by Satyanaga et al. (2013) on the characteristics of bimodal SWCCs and the determination of SWCC variables by Zhai and Rahardjo (2012). Research work to estimate unsaturated permeability was conducted by Rahimi et al. (2015) and the hydraulic anisotropy of unsaturated soil was investigated by Priono et al. (2016).

Figure 4. (a) unsaturated triaxial cell apparatus (Rahardjo et al., 2010) and (b) unsaturated direct shear equipment (Schnellmann et al., 2013)

PorePore--airair pressure controlcontrol TopTop capcap

OO-ring-ring CoarseCoarse corundum corundum disk disk

Filter paper paper

Kaolin Detail of mini suction Soilspecimen specimen probe refer to Figure 5.13

ToTo flushing flushing lineline PorePore-water-water pressure pressure control control

Figure 5. Mini suction probe for shearing-infiltration test (Meilani et al., 2005)

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Figure 6. (a) Unsaturated direct shear apparatus for shearing-infiltration test (Melinda et al., 2004); (b) Unsaturated triaxial cell for shear strength test under drying and wetting process (Goh et al., 2013)

Figure 7. (a) Pressure plate for SWCC test (Rahardjo e al., 2005); (b) Triaxial permeameter for unsaturated permeability test (Goh et al., 2015)

References: Goh, S.G., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2013). “Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils under Multi-Cycles of Drying and Wetting”. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, pp. 1-5. Goh, S.G., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2013). “Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils under Multi-Cycles of Drying and Wetting”. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, pp. 1-5. Meilani, I., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2005). “Pore-water Pressure and Water Volume Change of an Unsaturated Soil under Infiltration Conditions”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No.6, pp. 1509 – 1531. Melinda, F., H. Rahardjo, K.K. Han and E.C. Leong (2004). “Shear Strength of Compacted Soil under Infiltration Condition”. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 807 – 817. Priono, H. Rahardjo, K. Chatterjea, E.C. Leong, and J.Y. Wang (2016), “Effect of Hydraulic Anisotropy on Soil-Water Characteristic Curve”, Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Vol. 56, Issue 2, Pages 228–239. Rahardjo, H., A. Satyanaga Nio, E.C. Leong and Y.S. Ng (2010). “Effects of groundwater table position and soil properties on stability of slope during rainfall”. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Vol. 136, No.11, pp. 1555–1564. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 8 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Rahardjo, H., T.T. Lee, E.C. Leong and R.B. Rezaur (2005). “Response of a Residual Soil Slope to Rainfall”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No.2, pp. 340 – 351. Rahardjo, H., T.T. Lim, M.F. Chang and D.G. Fredlund (1995) "Shear Strength Characteristics of a Residual Soil in Singapore". Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 32, pp 60 - 77. Rahardjo, H., B.H. Ong and E.C. Leong (2004). “Shear Strength of a Compacted Residual Soil from Consolidated Drained and Constant Water Content Triaxial Tests”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, June, Vol. 41, No.3, pp. 421-436. Rahimi, A., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2015), “Effect of range of soil-water characteristic curve measurements on estimation of permeability function”, Engineering Geology, Vol.185, pp. 96-104. Satyanaga, A., H. Rahardjo, E.C. Leong and J.Y. Wang (2013). “Water Characteristic Curve of Soil with Bimodal Grain-size Distribution”. Computer and Geotechnics, Vol. 48, pp. 51-61. Schnellmann, R., H. Rahardjo and H. R. Schneider (2013), “Unsaturated Shear Strength of A Silty Sand”, Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 162, pp. 88-96. Thu, T.M., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2007). “Critical State Behaviour of a Compacted Silt”. Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 749 -755. Zhai, Q. and H. Rahardjo (2012). “Determination of Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Variables”. Computer and Geotechnics, Vol. 42, pp. 37-43.

3. Unsaturated soil mechanics for slope stabilization 3.1 Horizontal drains. Prof Rahardjo investigated the effectiveness of horizontal drain in stabilizing residual soil slope against rainfall-induced slope failure based on unsaturated soil mechanics principles. Numerical analyses were carried out to find the most effective locations and depths for installing horizontal drains for the purpose of modifying the perched and permanent groundwater tables (Fig. 8) (Rahardjo et al., 2003). Horizontal drains were installed by Rahardjo et al. (2011) in residual soil slopes of the sedimentary Jurong Formation, Singapore to improve the slope stability by lowering groundwater table.

Figure 8. (a) Slope model with and without horizontal drain (Rahardjo et al., 2003) and (b) factor of safety with respect to different horizontal drain positions (Rahardjo et al., 2003)

References: Rahardjo, H., V.A. Santoso, E.C. Leong, Y.S. Ng and C.J. Hua (2011). “Performance of Horizontal Drains in Residual Soil Slope”. Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Vol. 51, No.3, pp. 437-447 Rahardjo, H., K.J. Hritzuk, E.C. Leong and R.B. Rezaur (2003). “Effectiveness of Horizontal Drains for Slope Stability”. Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 69, No. 3-4, pp. 295-308.

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3.2 Capillary barrier system (CBS). Prof Rahardjo has developed a new slope protection system using unsaturated soil mechanics. The capillary barrier system (CBS) consists of a fine-grained soil layer overlying a coarse-grained soil layer of engineered thicknesses and grain size distributions (Fig. 9a). The principle of the CBS is based on the contrast in unsaturated hydraulic properties (SWCC and unsaturated permeability) of the different soil layers used in the barrier system. Several scale model tests have been carried out in the laboratory to study the water flow through the soil layers in the CBS system (Fig. 10) (Tami et al., 2004; Indrawan et al., 2007; Krisdani et al. 2006). CBS systems were also installed on four residual soil slopes in Singapore (Fig. 11). Several instruments (tensiometers and piezometers) were installed to investigate the performance of the CBSs in reducing rainwater infiltration into the underlying soil layer (Rahardjo et al., 2012a; 2012b; 2013). Under supervisions of Prof Rahardjo, Harnas et al. (2014) developed a new system, called the dual capillary barrier (DCB) that increases the water storage compared to the conventional CBS and therefore, also increases the lateral diversion. A DCB consists of two stacks of CBS and utilises recycled concrete and recycled asphalt as fine- and coarse-grained materials, making it a sustainable improvement (Fig. 15).

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of (a) Capillary Barrier System (Rahardjo et al., 2012) and (b) dual capillary barrier as landfill capping system (Rahardjo et al., 2016)

Figure 10. (a) Infiltration column for a 1-D capillary barrier model (Indrawan et al., 2007) and (b) Infiltration box for a 2-D capillary barrier model (Krisdani et al., 2006)

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Figure 11. (a) Construction of a CBS on a residual soil slope from Bukit Timah Granite (Rahardjo et al., 2012) and (b) construction of a CBS and vegetative cover from Old Alluvium (Rahardjo et al., 2013)

References: Indrawan, I.G.B., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2007). “Drying and Wetting Characteristics of a Two-Layer Soil Column”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, February, Vol. 44, pp. 20-32. Krisdani, H., H. Rahardjo and E.C. Leong (2006) “Experimental Study of 1-D Capillary Barrier Model using Geosynthetic Material as the Coarse-Grained Layer.” Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Geo Institute. Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, pp. 1683 – 1694. Rahardjo, H., A. Satyanaga, F.R. Harnas, and E.C. Leong (2016) “Use of Dual Capillary Barrier as Cover System for a Sanitary Landfill in Singapore”, Indian Geotechnical Journal, September, Vol.46, issue 3, pp 228-238. Rahardjo, H., V.A. Santoso, E.C. Leong, Y.S. Ng, C.P.H. Tam and A. Satyanaga (2013). “Use of Recycled Crushed Concrete and Secudrain in Capillary Barrier for Slope Stabilization”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, June, Vol. 50, pp. 1-12 Rahardjo, H., V.A. Santoso, E.C. Leong, Y.S. Ng and C.J. Hua. (2012a). “Performance of an Instrumented Slope Covered by a Capillary Barrier System”. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, April, Vol. 138, No.4, pp. 481 – 490. Rahardjo, H., A. Satyanaga and E.C. Leong (2012b) “Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Slope Stabilization.". Southeast Asian Geotechnical Journal, March, Vol. 43, No.1, pp. 48-58. Tami, D., H. Rahardjo, E.C. Leong and D.G. Fredlund (2004). “Design and Laboratory Verification of a Physical Model of Sloping Capillary Barrier”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, September, Vol. 41, No.5, pp. 814 – 830.

3.3 Geobarrier system (GBS). Prof Rahardjo has also collaborated with Housing and Development Board (HDB) to develop a new slope protection system. The GBS has two functions, first as an earth retention system and second as a slope stabilization system (Rahardjo et al. 2015). GBS combines capillary barrier system (CBS) and vegetative cover (Fig. 12). GBS will not only stabilise slope to a greater inclination, thereby freeing up additional space above ground for other amenities but also allow the construction of wall-free basement car park for creating space to expand Singapore’s land capacity.

Figure 12. (a) Geobarrier system as slope protection and retaining structure at residual soil slope from Bukit Timah Granite and (b) schematic diagram of Geobarrier system (Rahardjo et al. 2015) ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 11 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

4. Vegetative cover. Prof Harianto Rahardjo collaborated with HDB to investigate the effects of different vegetative covers on slope stability (Fig. 13). The results of numerical analyses and field instrumentation showed that vegetation on slopes increased the nominal matric suction of the soil, reinforced the soil with a deep root system and minimized erosion/rate of weathering on the slope surface, thus increasing and maintaining the stability of the slope (Rahardjo et al. 2014).

Figure 13. Vegetative cover for slope protection on a residual soil slope from Old Alluvium at Tampines

References: Rahardjo, H., Q. Zhai, A. Satyanaga, E.C. Leong, C. L. Wang and L.H. Wong (2015), “Geo-Barrier System as a retaining structure”. FIRST DISTINGUISHED LECTURE. Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23- 26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, pp. 871-876. Rahardjo, H., A. Satyanaga, E.C. Leong, V.A. Santoso and Y.S. Ng (2014). “Performance of An Instrumented Slope Covered with Shrubs and Deep Rooted Grass”. Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, May, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 417-425

5. Soil-Tree-Environment Interaction. Singapore is the world leader in urban greenery. Since 2004, there has been a close collaboration between the NTU teams led by Prof. Harianto Rahardjo and the Singapore National Parks Board. The collaboration started with the first project where the planting medium was improved to enhance tree stability without affecting tree growth and health (2004) (Fig. 14). This was followed by a field instrumentation exercise in 2008 where water, heat, and gas transfers through unsaturated soils were monitored for plant root health (Fig. 15 and Fig. 16). Another research project was initiated to study the detection of tree rooting architecture using ground penetration radar (GPR). The requirements due to the constant redevelopment of the Singapore urban landscape led to an interdisciplinary project where arborists, material engineers and geotechnical engineers came together to develop specialized container technology for growing portable street trees in Singapore (Fig. 17). There was another project where specialized load bearing structural cells for growing street trees were designed, fabricated and installed to promote root spread in constrained planting spaces. In recent years, the increased precipitation rates seen throughout this region led to another research project where the effect of rainfall on tree stability was studied (Fig. 18). The on-going research in 2017 focuses on the effects of climate change on urban tree resilience and the development of new instruments for assessing tree stability (Fig. 19 and Fig. 20).

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Figure 14. Tree pull out test as part of study on soil improvement for tree stability

Figure 15. Layout of field instrumentation for measurement of pore-water pressures, volumetric water contents, temperatures, and relative oxygen concentrations in unsaturated soil layers under asphalt pavement, aeration slab, and turf cover

Figure 16. Volumetric water contents below (a) aeration slab; (b) asphalt pavement; (c) turf cover ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 13 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Figure 17. Pilot test and field instrumentation for development of specialized container technology for growing street trees in Singapore

Figure 18. 3-D numerical modelling of tree with Figure 19. Instrumentation for tree stability buttresses assessment and remediation to maintain tree stability

Figure 20. (a) Tree scanning and 3D numerical modelling as part of research methods and (b) Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis as part of study on climate change impact on tree resilience

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CHU Jian Website: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/aboutus/FacultyDir/Pages/cjchu.aspx

Dr. CHU Jian is a professor in geotechnical engineering at the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU). He is currently the Director of the Centre for Usable Space and the Interim Co-Director of the NTU-JTC Industrial Infrastructure Innovation Centre at NTU. He also served as the Director for the Centre for Infrastructure Systems at NTU from 2009 to 2011. Prof Chu worked for Iowa State University, USA, as professor and holder of the James M. Hoover Chair in Geotechnical Engineering from 2011 to 2014. He is the Vice Chair for ISSMGE Technical Committee TC217 on Land Reclamation and a Committee Member for ISSMGE TC211 on Ground Improvement and TC303 on Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation. He served as the Chair for ISSMGE TC39 on Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation from 2005 to 2009 and Vice-President of Geotechnical Society of Singapore from 2010 to 2011. Prof Chu has delivered over 50 keynote or invited lectures at international conferences including the State-of-the-Art Lecture on Construction Processes at the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering in Egypt in 2009. He is an editorial board member for 8 international journals. He received the R. M. Quigley Award, in 2004 for publishing the best paper in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 2003. He is a S.L. Lee Lecturer.

Prof Chu received his PhD from The University of New South Wales, Australia. His main research interests are laboratory and in-situ testing, soil properties, soil improvement and land reclamation. He has led research projects of over S$15 million dollars in recent years. Prof Chu has published more than 300 papers in international journals and conferences. His major contributions to geotechnical engineering include 1) establishing the strain path testing method for soil testing and applying this method to the study of strain-softening and instability behaviour of sand (Chu et al. 1992, 1993, 1996; 2012; Chu and Leong, 2001, 2002; Chu and Wanatowski, 2008; 2009; Wanatowski and Chu, 2006a, 2006b, 2007, 2008, 2011a, 2011b); 2) proposing the asymptotic state concept for soil (Chu and Lo, 1994; Chu, 2006); 3) establishing drained instability and instability for dilative soil as new mechanisms for slope failure of granular soils (Chu et al. 2003, 2012, 2015a, 2015b; Wanatowski et al. 2010a, 2010b); 4) proposing new design methods for granular slopes against flow slide or static liquefaction (Chu et al. 2003; Chu, 2007; Chu and Wanatowski, 2014); 5) developing methods for use of sewage sludge and other waste materials for land reclamation (Chu et al., 2005; 2009; Lim and Chu, 2006; Lim et al., 2004, 2006); 6) developing soil improvement methods using prefabricated vertical drains, vacuum preloading and other methods (Chu, 2013, 2016; Chu and Yan, 2005, 2011; Chu and Raju, 2012; Chu et al. 2000, 2004, 2009, 2012a, 2013, 2014; Bo et al. 2003; 2005; Indraratna and Chu, 2005; Indraratna et al. 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; Liu and Chu, 2009; Guo and Chu, 2016; Yan and Chu, 2003, 2004, 2005); 7) developing methods for determination of design parameters for various soils (Chu et al. 2002, Tiwari and Chu 2007; Meng and Chu, 2011a and 2011b); 8) developing methods for design and construction using geosynthetic tubes and geosynthetic mattresses (Chu et al. 2011; Guo and Chu, 2015; Guo et al. 2011, 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b); 9) developing new land reclamation methods (Chu and Guo, 2015; Chu et al. 2012a, Chu, 2016; He et al., 2016); and 10) establishing methods for dike construction using suction caissons and other methods (Chu, 2013; 2016; Chu et al, 2012; Guo et al. 2015c; Yan and Chu, 2010; Yan et al. 2009; 2010, 2016).

Prof Chu is also among one of the earliest in developing microbial methods for soil improvement (Ivanov and Chu, 2008). Together with his team, the following microbial methods have been developed in the past: 1) the biogas desaturation method and the combined biogas and bioclogging method for mitigation of soil liquefaction (He et al., 2013; He and Chu, 2014a; 2014b; Wu, 2015; Wu et al., 2018); 2) methods for formation of impervious crust on top of sand (Chu et al., 2012, 2013, Stabnikov et al., 2011; 2013; Li, 2015); 3) methods for prevention of levee failure due to overtopping (Maeimi, 2014; Chu et al., 2015); ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 15 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

4) methods for prevention of wind erosion or dust control (Stabnikov et al., 2013, Maeimi, 2014; Chu et al., 2015); 5) methods for use industrial or agricultural waste such as limestone fines and corn cobs for biocementation (Chu et al., 2015; Choi et al., 2016a, 2016b, 2017a; 2017b); 6) biogrouting for seepage control in soil and rocks (Wu et al., 2017); and 7) methods to treat clayey soil (Ivanov et al., 2014; Li, 2015; Chu et al., 2015). He has also filed 8 patents in recent years on various new soil improvement methods.

Research Highlights: 1. Soil properties. A series of study on the strain softening and instability behaviour of sand under various conditions including drained, undrained, non-undrained, or strain path controlled was carried out using stress/strain path controlled triaxial machines (Fig. 1a), a plane-strain apparatus (Fig. 1b) and a hollow cylinder apparatus (Fig. 1c). Studies on the time-effect on the behaviour of clay (Tiwari and Chu, 2007) and behaviour of intact residual soil (Meng and Chu, 2011a, 2011b) were also carried out using the above apparatus as well as a direct simple shear apparatus (Fig. 2a) and a motorised stress/strain path triaxial apparatus (Fig. 2b).

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 1 (a) Stress/strain path controlled triaxial compression and extension testing apparatus, (b) Plane- strain testing apparatus, (c) Torsional hollow cylinder apparatus

Motorised triaxial cell

DPVCs

Load/disp control box

(a) (b)

Figure 2 (a) Direct simple shear apparatus, and (b) Motorized stress/strain path controlled triaxial testing apparatus

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2. Soil improvement. The consolidation behaviour of soft soil around vertical drain was studied using a 1 m in diameter consolidation tank as shown in Fig. 3. A new soil improvement method for soil slurry using horizontal drains and vacuum preloading was also studied using a model tank shown in Fig. 4.

Clamp Nut To Computer Mandrel Screw Motor and Gearbox Data Miniature PPTs Speed Controller Logger

Lower Cylinder

Clay

Base Plate Total Stress Cell

Figure 3. A 1 m in diameter consolidation tank for studying the consolidation behaviour of soil around vertical drains

Figure 4. A 1 m (H) by 1 m (W) and 1.5 m (L) model tank used to study consolidation of clay slurry using horizontal drains and vacuum pressure

3. Geotextile tubes. Testing setups to carry out model tests to study the performance of impervious and pervious geotextile tubes and the stress-deformation behaviour of geotextile are shown in Fig. 5. The testing data were also used to verify analytical and numerical analyses.

(a) (b) Figure 5. testing setups for testing of (a) impervious geotextile tubes (4 x 2 m and 2 x 1 m for top and bottom tubes respectively); and (b) pervious geotextile tubes (2 x 1 m and 1.5 x 0.75 m)

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4. Suction caissons. A study on the installation of concrete suction caissons in clay in shallow water and the bearing capacity behaviour of suction caisson in clay with and without the pressence of vertical overburden pressure on clay was carried out using a 1 m in diameter tank with a caisson of 200 mm in outer diameter (Fig. 6a) and a 4 x 4 x 3.5 (D) m model tank with concrete caissons of 1 m in outer diameter (Fig. 6b), respectively.

(a) (b) Figure 6. Model tests for concrete suction caisson in clay (a) 1 m diameter model tank for installing suction cassion in clay under vertical pressure and (b) 4 x 4 x 3.5 m (D) model tank for testing of suction caissons of 1 m in diameter in clay

5. Mitigation of soil liquefaction using biogas desaturation. Shaking table tests with a fully instrumented laminar box (45 cm L x 30 cm W x 29.7 cm H) was used to verify the effectiveness of the biogas desaturation method for mitigation of liquefaction of sand under cyclic load as shown in Fig. 7.

las6 las5

lvdt Cement block

10 9 acc2 las4 8 pwp3 7 6 las3 5 pwp2 4 3 2 las2 acc1 pwp1 1 las1

Figure 7. Shaking table tests for verifying the effectiveness of biogas desaturation method for the mitigation of liquefaction of sand

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6. Microbial Soil Improvement methods. Various models were built to demonstrate that a water pond can be built in sand (Fig. 8a) using the biocrust method (Fig. 8b), or to study the effect of fibre for biocemented sand (Fig. 8c). A wind tunnel of 4 m long, 510 mm by 400 mm in cross-section as shown in Fig. 9a was built to develop biospray methods for prevention of wind erosion of sand or for dust control. Model levees of 530 mm long, 300 mm wide and 150 mm tall were also built with surface treated using the biospray methods and tested in a hydraulic flume under flow rates ranging from 2 to 24 L/s to develop a method for the prevention of levee failure due to overtopping (Fig. 9b).

(a) (b) (c) Figure 8. (a) Model pond built using the biocrust method; (b) formation of biocrust layer on top of sand; and (c) use of fibre to reinforce biocemented sand

(a) (b) Figure 9. (a) Wind tunnel used to study wind erosion and dust control using the biospray method; (b) Use of a hydraulic flume to test the stability of a biotreated sand levee model

7. Biogrouting. Study to develop biogrouting techniques was also carried out. Rock samples as shown in Fig. 10a were grouted to form a solid block of rock as shown in Fig. 10b. A fractured rock sample was sealed using biogrout as shown in Fig. 10c.

(a) (b) (c) Figure 10. Use of biogrouting to grout rock samples (a) into a solid block of rock (b) and to seal the joint in a fractured rock sample (c)

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8. 3D Geodata Modelling. Borehole data and geotechnical testing data are used to form 3D geological model. An example of fence diagrams constructed is shown in Fig. 11.

Figure 11. Building 3D geological model using borehole data and geotechnical data

Selected references Soil properties Chu, J. (2006). “Unusual soil behaviour and its challenge to constitutive modelling.” Chapter 23, In Modern Trends in Plasticity, Eds. W. Wu and H-S. Yu, Springer, Berlin, 377-398. Chu, J. and Lo, S-C. R. (1994). "Asymptotic behaviour of a granular soil in strain path testing." Geotechnique, Vol. 44, No. 1, 65-82. Chu, J. and Leong, W. K. (2001). "Pre-failure strain softening and pre-failure instability of sand: a comparative study." Geotechnique, Vol. 51, No. 4, 311-321. Chu, J. and Leong, W. K. (2002). “Effect of fines on instability behaviour of loose sand.” Geotechnique, Vol. 52, No. 10, 751-755. Chu, J., Bo, M. W., Chang, M. F., and Choa, V. (2002). “The consolidation and permeability properties of Singapore marine clay.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 128, No. 9, 724-732. Chu, J. and Wanatowski, D. (2008). “Instability conditions of loose sand in plane-strain.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 134, No. 1, 136-142. Chu, J. and Wanatowski, D. (2009). “Effect of loading mode on strain softening and instability behavior of sand in plane-strain tests.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 1, 108-120. Chu, J. and Wanatowski, D. (2014). “Difficulties in the determination of post-liquefaction strength for sand” Geotechnique Letters, Vol. 4, No. 1, 57-61. Chu, J., Lo, S-C. R., and Lee, I. K. (1992). "Strain softening behaviour of granular soil in strain path testing." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 2, 191-288. Chu, J., Lo, S-C. R., and Lee, I. K. (1993). "Instability of granular soils under strain path testing." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 119, No. 5, 874-892. Chu, J, Lo, S-C. R., and Lee, I. K. (1996). "Strain softening and shear band formation of sand in multi-axial testing." Geotechnique, Vol. 46, No. 1, 63-82. Chu, J., Leroueil, S., and Leong, W. K. (2003). “Unstable behaviour of sand and its implications for slope instability.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 40, 873-885. (R. M. Quigley Award for the best paper in 2003 in Canadian Geotechnical Journal.) ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 20 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Chu, J., Leong, W.K. Loke, W.L., and Wanatowski, D. (2012). “Instability of loose sand under drained conditions.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 138, No. 2, 207- 216. Chu, J, Wanatowski, D., and He, J. (2015a). “Instability of Dilative Sand.” Geotechnical Research, ICE, Vol 2, No. 1, 35-48. Chu, J, Wanatowski, D., Loke, W.L., and Leong, W.K. (2015b). “Pre-failure instability of sand under dilatancy rate controlled conditions.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 55, No. 2, 414-424. Meng, G.H. and Chu, J. (2011a). “Shear strength properties of a residual soil in Singapore.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 51, No. 4, 565-573. Meng, G.H. and Chu, J. (2011b). “The strength anisotropy of a residual soil in Singapore.” Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, Vol. 42, No.4, 10-18. Tiwari, M. and Chu, J. (2007). “Undrained creep behavior of Singapore marine clay.” Proc. 13th Regional Conf on Soil Mech. and Geot. Eng, Kolkata, 10-14 Dec. Vol. 1, 79-84. Wanatowski, D. and Chu, J. (2006a). “Strain softening of sand under plane-strain conditions.” Acta Geotechnica, Vol. 1, No. 1, 29-42. Wanatowski, D. and Chu, J. (2006b). “Stress-strain behaviour of a granular fill measured by a new plane- strain apparatus.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2, 149-157. Wanatowski, D. and Chu, J. (2007). “Static liquefaction of sand in plane-strain.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 44, No. 3, 299-311. Wanatowski, D., and Chu, J. (2011a). “Factors affecting pre-failure instability of sand under plane-strain conditions.” Geotechnique, Vol. 62, No. 2, 121-135. Wanatowski, D and Chu, J. (2011b). "Pre-failure instability behavior of sand in strain path testing under plane-strain conditions." Soils and Foundations, Vol. 51, No. 3, 423-435. Wanatowski, D., Chu, J., and Lo, S-C. R. (2008). “Strain softening behaviour of sand in strain path testing under plane-strain conditions", Acta Geotechnica, Vol. 3, No. 2, 90-114. Wanatowski, D., Chu, J. and Lo, S-C. R. (2010a). “New types of failure mechanisms for flowslide.” Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal, Vol.5, No. 1, 3 – 13. Wanatowski, D., Chu, J. and Loke, W.L. (2010b). “Drained instability of sand in plane strain.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 47, 400-412.

Soil Improvement Bo, M. W., Chu, J., Lo, B. K. and Choa, V. (2003). Soil Improvement: Prefabricated Vertical Drain Techniques, Thomson, 341pp. ISBN: 981-243-044-X. Bo, M. W., Chu, J., Choa, V. (2005). “Changi east reclamation and soil improvement project.” Chapter 9, In Ground Improvement – Case Histories, Eds. B. Indraratna and J. Chu, Elsevier, 247-276. Chu, J. (2013). “Innovation in disaster mitigation technologies.” Chapter 23 in Geotechnical Predictions and Practice in Dealing with Geohazards, Eds. J. Chu et al., Springer, 375-384.ISBN: 978-94-007-5674- 8. Chu, J. (2016). “Innovations in soil improvement methods.” 2nd S.L. Lee Lecture, Geotechnical Engineering, journal of Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society AGSSEA (to appear). Chu, J. and Yan, S. W. (2005). “Estimation of degree of consolidation for vacuum preloading projects.” International Journal of Geomechanics, ASCE, Vol. 5, No, 2, 158-165. Chu, J. and Yan, S.W. (2011). “Recent development in the construction of coastal protection structures.’ Chapter 7 in Geotechnics and Earthquake Geotechnics towards Global Sustainability, Eds.S. Iai, Springer, 115-130. Chu, J. and Raju, R.V. (2012). “Prefabricated vertical drain.” Chapter 4 in Ground Improvement, 3rd Edition, Eds. K. Kirsch and A. Bell, CRC Press, 87-167. Chu, J and Guo, W. (2015) “Land reclamation using slurry or in deep water: challengers and solutions”, Proc 15th Asian Regional Conference of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9 – 13, Nov 2015, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Chu, J., Yan, S. W., and Yang, H. (2000). "Soil improvement by vacuum preloading method for an oil storage station". Geotechnique, Vol. 50, No. 6, 625-632. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 21 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Chu, J., Bo, M. W., and Choa, V. (2004). “Practical considerations for using vertical drains in soil improvement projects.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 22, 101-117. Chu, J., Varaksin, S., Klotz, U. and Mengé, P. (2009). “Construction processes.” State-of-the-Art-Report, Proc. 17th International Conf on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, 5-9 Oct., Vol. 4, 3006-3135. Chu, J., Indraratna, B., Yan, S.W., and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (2012) “Soft Soil Improvement through Consolidation: An Overview”, State-of-the-Art Report, Proc. International Conference on Ground Improvement and Ground Control, 30 Oct – 2 Nov 2012, Wollongong, 251-280. Chu, J., Wardani, S.P.R., and Iizuka, A. (Editors). (2013). Geotechnical Predictions and Practice in Dealing with Geohazards. Springer, 394p, ISBN: Chu, J., Goi, M. H. and Lim, T. T. (2005). “Consolidation of cement treated sewage sludge using vertical drains.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 2, 528-540. Chu, J. Yan, S. W. and Zheng, Y. R. (2006). “Three soil improvement methods and their applications to road construction.” Ground Improvement, Vol. 10, No. 3, 103-112. Chu, J., Bo, M. W. and Choa, V. (2006). “Improvement of ultra-soft soil using prefabricated vertical drains.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 24, No. 6, 339-348. Chu, J., Bo, M.W. and Arulrajah, A. (2009). “Reclamation of a slurry pond in Singapore.” Geotechnical Engineering, Proceeding of ICE, Vol. 162, GE1, 13-20. Chu, J., Bo, M.W. and Arulrajah, A. (2009). “Soil improvement works for an offshore land reclamation project in Singapore.” Geotechnical Engineering, Proceeding of ICE, Vol. 162, GE1, 21-32. Chu, J. Guo, W. and Yan, S.W. (2011). ‘’Geosynthetic tubes and geosynthetic mats: analyses and applications.” Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, Vol. 42, No.1, 56-65. Chu, J., Yan, S.W., and Lam, K.P. (2012a). ”Methods for improvement of clay slurry or sewage sludge”, Ground Improvement, Proceedings of ICE, Vol. 165, No. 4, 187-199. Chu, J., Yan, S.W., Li, W. (2012b). ‘’Innovative methods for dike construction – An overview.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 30, No. 2, 35-42. Chu, J., Indraratna, B., Yan, S.W. and Rujikiatkamjorn C. (2014). ‘’Overview of preloading methods for soil improvement.” Ground Improvement, Proceeding of ICE, London (online in Feb). Indraratna, B. and Chu, J. (Editors) (2005). Ground Improvement – Case Histories, Elsevier, 1115p, ISBN: 0-080-44633-7. Indraratna, B., Chu, J. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (Editors) (2015a). Ground Improvement Case Histories: Embankments with Special Reference to Consolidation and Other Physical Methods. Elsevier, 817p, ISBN: 978-0-08-10092-9. Indraratna, B., Chu, J. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (Editors) (2015b). Ground Improvement Case Histories: Compaction, Grouting, and Geosynthetics. Elsevier, 778p, ISBN: 978-0-08-100698-6. Indraratna, B., Chu, J. and Rujikiatkamjorn, C. (Editors) (2015c). Ground Improvement Case Histories: Chemical, Electrokinetic, Thermal, and Bioengineering Methods. Elsevier, 703p, ISBN: 978-0-08- 100191-2. Guo, W. and Chu, J. (2015) “Model tests and parametric studies of two-layer geomembrane tubes”, Geosynthetics International, online 21 Dec. Guo, W. and Chu, J. (2016). “New observational method for prediction of one-dimensional consolidation settlement”, Geotehnique, online 18 Nov. Guo, W., Chu, J. and Yan, S.W. (2011). “Effect of subgrade soil stiffness on the design of geosynthetic tube.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 29, No. 3, 277-284. Guo, W., Chu, J., Yan, S.W. and Nie, W. (2013). “Geosynthetic mattress: Analytical solution and verification.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 37, 74-80. Guo, W., Chu, J., Nie W. and Yan, S.W. (2014a). “A simplified method for design of geosynthetic tubes”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 42, No. 5, 421-427. Guo, W., Chu, J., Yan, S.W., and Nie W. (2014b). “Analysis of geosynthetic tubes inflated by liquid and consolidated soil”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 42, No. 4, 277-283. Guo, W., Chu, J. and Yan, S.W. (2015a). “Simplified analytical solution for geosynthetic tube resting on deformable foundation soil.” Geotextiles and Geomembrane. Vol. 43, No. 5, 432-439. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 22 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Guo, W., Chu, J. and Zhou, B. (2015b). “Model tests on methods to improve dewatering efficiency for sludge-inflated geotextile tubes”, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 22, No. 5, 380-392. Guo, W., Chu, J. and Kou, H.L. (2015c). “Model tests of soil heave plug formation in suction caisson”, Geotechnical Engineering, Proceeding of ICE, London, Online 17 Nov. He, J., Chu, J., Tan, S.K., Vu, T. and Lam, K.P. (2016). “Sedimentation behaviour of flocculant-treated soil slurry”, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. Online 18 Apr. Lim, T. T. and Chu, J. (2006). “Assessment of the use of spent copper slag for land reclamation.” Waste Management and Research, Vol. 24, No. 1, 67-73. Lim, T. T., Chu, J., and Goi, M. H. (2004). “Assessment of heavy metals leachability in clay-amended sewage sludge stabilized with cement for use as fill material.” Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 157-164. Lim, T. T., Chu, J., and Goi, M. H. (2006). “Effects of cement on redistribution of trace metals and dissolution of organics in sewage sludge and its inorganic waste-amended products” Waste Management, Vol. 26, No. 11, 1294-1304. Liu, H.L. and Chu, J. (2009). “A new type of prefabricated vertical drain with improved properties.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 27, No. 2, 152-155. Yan, S. W. and Chu, J. (2003). “Soil improvement for a road using the vacuum preloading method.” Ground Improvement, Vol. 7, No. 4, 165-172. Yan, S. W. and Chu, J. (2004). “A new explosive method for soil improvement.” Geotechnical Engineering, Proceeding of ICE, Vol. 157, GE4, 259-265. Yan, S. W. and Chu, J. (2005). “Soil improvement for a storage year using the combined vacuum and fill preloading method.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, 2094-1104. Yan, S.W. and Chu, J. (2010). “Construction of an offshore dike using slurry filled geotextile mats.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 28, No. 5, 422-433. Yan, S.W., Chu, J., Fan, Q.J. and Yan, Y. (2009). “Building a breakwater with prefabricated caissons on soft clay.” Geotechnical Engineering, Proceeding of ICE, London, Vol. 162, GE1, 3-12. Yan, S.W., Zhang, J., Chu, J., Guo, W. and Huo, Z. (2016). “Analytical and experimental studies on installation of a suction caisson with tampered tip in clay”, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, Online 31 May.

Microbial Based Soil Improvement Methods Choi, S., Wang, K, and Chu, J. (2016a). ”Properties of biocemented, fiber reinforced sand” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 120, Sept, 623-629. Choi, S., Wu, S. F. and Chu, J. (2016b) “Biocementation for sand using eggshell as calcium source”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Eng, ASCE, Vol. 142, No. 10. Choi, S., Park, S. S., Wu, S. F., and Chu, J. (2017a). “Methods for calcium carbonate content measurement of biocemented soils.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE (accepted). Choi, S., Chu, J., Brown, R., Wang K., and Wen, Z. (2017b). “Sustainable biocement production via microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation: use of limestone and acetic acid derived from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass", ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (accepted). Chu, J., Stabnikov, V., and Ivanov, V. (2012). ‘’Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on surface or in the bulk of soil.” Geomicrobiology Journal, Vol. 29, No. 6, 544-549. Chu, J., Ivanov, V., Stabnikov, V., and Li, B. (2013). ”Microbial method for construction of aquaculture pond in sand.” Geotechnique, Vol. 63, No. 10, 871-875. Chu, J., Ivanov, V., Naeimi, M., Stabnikov, V. and Liu, H.L. (2014). ‘’Optimization of calcium-based bioclogging and biocementation of sand.” Acta Geotechnica, Vol. 9, No. 2, 277-285. Chu, J., Ivanov, V., He, J., Maeimi, M., Wu, S, (2015). Use of biogeotechnologies for soil improvement, Chapter 27 in Ground Improvement Case Histories: Chemical, Electrokinetic, Thermal, and Bioengineering Methods, Eds. Indraratna et al, 571-590. He, J. and Chu, J. (2014a). “Undrained responses of microbially desaturated sand under static monotonic loading, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 140, No. 5, 04014003- 1 to 8. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 23 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

He, J. and Chu, J. (2014b). “Undrained shear strength of desaturated loose sand under monotonic shearing” Soils and Foundations, Vol 54, No. 4, 910-916. He, J., Chu, J., and Ivanov, V. (2013). ”Mitigation of liquefaction of saturated sand using biogas.” Geotechnique, Vol. 63, No. 4, 267-275. Ivanov, V. and Chu J. (2008). “Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ.” Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 139-153. Ivanov, V., Chu, J., Stabnikov, V. and Li, B. (2014) ‘’Strengthening of soft marine clay using bioencapsulation.” Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, Vol. 33, No. 4, (online 16 Jan). Li, B. (2015). “Biocementation for low permeability clay fills.” PhD thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Naeimi, M. (2014). “Development of biocement and its application in geotechnical engineering.” PhD thesis. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Stabnikov, V., Naeimi, M., Ivanov, V., and Chu, J. (2011). “Formation of water-impermeable crust on sand surface using biocement.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 41, 1143-1149. Stabnikov, V., Chu, J., Myo, A.N. and Ivanov, V. (2013). "Immobilization of sand dust and associated pollutants using bioaggregation.” Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 224, 1631-. Online on 24 Aug. Wu, S. (2015). “Mitigation of liquefaction hazards using the combined biodesaturation and bioclogging method.” PhD thesis, Iowa State University, USA. Wu, S., Chu, J., Li, B., and He, J. (2018). “Biogeotechnological methods for mitigation of liquefaction”, Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA. (in press). Wu, S., Wu, C. Yang, Y., Stabnikov, V., and Chu, J. (2017). “Biogrouting for seepage control in underground construction.” Proc. Southeast Asian Conference and Exhibition in Tunnelling and Underground Space, Subang Jaya, Malaysia 18-19 April.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 24 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Anthony GOH Website: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/aboutus/FacultyDir/Pages/ctcgoh.aspx

Anthony Teck Chee GOH is an Associate Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his B.Eng (First Class Honours) and PhD from Monash University. Dr Goh is a registered Professional Engineer in Singapore. His teaching, research and professional practice have covered many aspects of geotechnical engineering including soft computing, finite element analysis, earth retaining structures, pile foundations, and slope stability.

Dr Goh’s acknowledged expertise is in the design and analysis of retaining wall systems where he has undertaken extensive research to study the basal heave stability and the performance of braced excavation systems. His expertise has led to active engagement with industry through providing short courses and geotechnical advisory services for some of the major infrastructure projects in Singapore. He is currently a Technical Committee member on Urban Geoengineering for the ISSMGE. Since 1993, Dr Goh has been at the forefront of research into the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies in geotechnical engineering. Most notable is his pioneering research work in the application of neural networks to assess seismic liquefaction of soils, and using advanced research techniques such as genetic algorithms to assess the stability of slopes. Another research interest is the application of uncertainty and reliability concepts for the design of geotechnical structures and underground rock caverns. He is currently a co-Principal Investigator on the research project “Impact of rock blasting on nearby structures” funded by the Ministry of National Development (MND)/National Research Foundation (NRF) National Innovation Challenge on Land & Livability that looks into space creation and optimization in land scarce Singapore.

Selected references: Goh, A.T.C. and Zhang, W.G. (2014). An improvement to MLR model for predicting liquefaction-induced lateral spread using multivariate adaptive regression splines. Engineering Geology, 170: 1-10. Zhang, W.G. and Goh, A.T.C. (2015). Regression models for estimating ultimate and serviceability limit states of underground rock caverns. Engineering Geology, 188: 68-76. Jayasinghe, L.B., Zhou, H.Y., Goh A.T.C., Zhao, Z.Y., and Gui, Y.L. (2017). Pile response subjected to rock blasting induced ground vibration near soil-rock interface. Computers and Geotechnics, 82: 1–15. Goh, A.T.C. (2017). Deterministic and reliability assessment of basal heave stability for braced excavations with jet grout base slab. Engineering Geology, 218: 63-69. Goh, A.T.C., Zhang, F., Zhang, W.G., and Chew, O.Y.S. (2017). Assessment of strut forces for braced excavation in clays from numerical analysis and field measurements. Computers and Geotechnics, 86: 141-149.

Bak Kong LOW Website: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/cbklow/

Bak Kong Low obtained his BS and MS degrees in civil engineering from MIT, and PhD degree from U.C.Berkeley. He is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and a registered professional engineer of Malaysia. Apart from his long teaching and research career at NTU, he also conducted research while on sabbatical leaves at HKUST (Sept-Dec 1996), University of Texas at Austin (Jan- April 1997) and Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (May- August 2006). His research interest and publications can be found via http://alum.mit.edu/www/bklow. Courses he taught over his years at NTU include topics on engineering geology, soil improvement methods, soil mechanics, foundation engineering, earth retaining structures, soil slope stability, rock slope stability, calculus, informal logic and ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 25 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t) writing skills, applied statistical methods, stereographic projection, rock mechanics and underground rock engineering. He lives with his wife and two children. He likes nature, traveling and reading.

Reliability analysis in geotechnical engineering, soil and rock slope stability, ground improvement, rock engineering, and engineering analysis accounting for uncertainty. Current research works focus on how reliability analysis and reliability-based design can complement Eurocode 7 and the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD).

Selected references: Chan, C.L. and Low, B.K. (2012). “Practical second-order reliability analysis applied to foundation engineering”. International J. for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp. 1387-1409. Low, B.K. and Phoon, K.K. (2015). "Reliability-based design and its complementary role to Eurocode 7 design approach". Computers and Geotechnics, Elsevier, Vol. 65, 30-44. Low, B.K. (2015). Chapter 9: Reliability-based design: Practical procedures, geotechnical examples, and insights, (pages 355-393), in Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis group, 624 pages, edited by Kok-Kwang Phoon, Jianye Ching. Low, B.K. (2014). "FORM, SORM, and spatial modeling in geotechnical engineering". Structural Safety, Elsevier, Vol. 49, 56-64. Low, B.K. and Duncan, J.M. (2013). "Testing bias and parametric uncertainty in analyses of a slope failure in San Francisco Bay mud". Proceedings of Geo-Congress 2013, ASCE, March 3-6, San Diego, 937-951. Low, B.K. and Einstein, H.H. (2013). "Reliability analysis of roof wedges and rockbolt forces in tunnels". Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 38, 1-10. Low, B.K., Lacasse, S. and Nadim, F. (2007). “Slope reliability analysis accounting for spatial variation”, Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, Taylor & Francis, London, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp.177-189. Low, B.K. (2007). “Reliability analysis of rock slopes involving correlated nonnormals.” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Volume 44, Issue 6, September 2007, 922-935. Low, B.K. and Wilson H. Tang (2007). “Efficient spreadsheet algorithm for first-order reliability method.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 133, No. 12, pp.1378-1387. Low, B.K. (2005). “Reliability-based design applied to retaining walls.” Geotechnique, London, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp.63-75. Low, B.K. and Wilson H. Tang (2004). “Reliability analysis using object-oriented constrained optimization.” Structural Safety, Elsevier Science Ltd., Amsterdam, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp.69-89. Low, B.K. (2003). Chapter 2: Theories, Computations, and Design Procedures Involving Vertical Drains, pages 5-56. (In Soil Improvement: Prefabricated Vertical Drain Techniques, by Bo, M.W., Chu, J., Low, B.K., and V.Choa, Thomson Learning, Thomson Asia Pte Ltd., 2003, 341 pages.) Low B.K., Gilbert, R.B., and Wright, S.G. (1998). "Slope reliability analysis using generalized method of slices." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 350-362 Lü Q. and Low B.K. (2011). “Probabilistic analysis of underground rock excavations using response surface method and SORM”, Computers and Geotechnics, Elsevier, Vol. 38, 1008–1021.

YI Yaolin Website: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/aboutus/FacultyDir/Pages/YiYaolin.aspx

Yaolin Yi is an Assistant Professor in Geotechnical Engineering. His research interests include soft ground improvement, sustainable geotechnical construction materials, underground construction, and treatment of contaminated soil. Dr. Yi has contributed to the development of an innovative soil stabilization technique by using reactive MgO through carbonation, where the soil quickly gains strength via sequestration of CO2 (Fig. 1, Yi et al. 2013, 2016). He is one of the pioneers to use reactive MgO to activate blastfurnace slag for soil stabilization, which is found to have ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 26 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t) extremely high sulphate resistance and very suitable for marine soft clay treatment (Yi et al. 2014). He has contributed to the design method of T-shaped deep soil-cement column in soft ground (Yi et al. 2017), which has been adopted by a governmental standard and widely used by industry. Dr. Yi also has done some innovative works on the compressibility of tire-derived aggregate (Yi et al. 2015) and trenchless construction for pipeline installation.

Figure. 1. Strength (a) and CO2 sequestration (b) of MgO-stabilized soil (Yi et al. 2016)

Selected references: Yi, Y., Liu, S., Puppala, A. J. & Xi, P. (2017). Vertical bearing capacity behaviour of single T-shaped soil- cement column in soft ground: laboratory modelling, field test, and calculation. Acta Geotechnica, online, 10.1007/s11440-017-0555-z. Yi, Y., Lu, K., Liu, S. & Al-Tabbaa, A. (2016). Property changes of reactive magnesia-stabilized soil subjected to forced carbonation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(2), 314-325. Yi, Y., Meles, D., Nassiri, S. & Bayat, A. (2015). On the compressibility of tire-derived aggregate: comparison of results from laboratory and field tests. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 52(4), 442-458. Yi, Y., Li, C., Liu, S. & Al-Tabbaa, A. (2014). Resistance of MgO-GGBS and CS-GGBS stabilised marine soft clays to sodium sulfate attack. Geotechnique, 64(8), 673-679. Yi, Y., Liska, M., Unluer, C. & Al-Tabbaa, A. (2013). Carbonating magnesia for soil stabilization. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 50(8), 899-905.

WU Wei Website: http://www.cee.ntu.edu.sg/aboutus/FacultyDir/Pages/WuWei.aspx

Dr Wei Wu is an Assistant Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, and the Secretary General of the Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering Geology (Singapore). He received his BEng from Shandong University, China, his MSc from NTU, and his PhD from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. Prior to joining NTU in 2016, he was a Postdoctoral Scholar at Stanford University.

Dr Wu’s research interests lie in rock mechanics and rock engineering, with emphasis on rock dynamics, fault mechanics, reservoir geomechanics, and underground space development. His early works focused on stress wave attenuation in rock masses (Wu et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2014a; Wu et al., 2015), which estimates adverse impacts of blasting-induced waves on dense urban areas during underground excavation. He subsequently conducted research on hydraulic fracturing using supercritical CO2 in ultra-low permeable shale reservoirs (Fig. 1) (Wu et al., 2017a). Currently, various research efforts within his laboratory attempt to understand ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 27 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t) multiphysics resilience of rock systems in underground space development (Wu and Zhao, 2014; Wu et al., 2014b; Wu, 2015; Wu et al., 2017b). This study interprets the coupled interaction among fault friction (Fig. 2), fluid flow (Fig. 3), and microseismicity during underground projects, and allows engineers to manage geological risks in a safe, efficient, and cost-effective manner.

(a) (b) Figure 1. (a) MTS rock testing system in NTU, (b) conceptual model for ultra-low permeability shale matrix under a confining pressure (Cp) before (left) and after (right) treatment with supercritical CO2 at a pressure of Pp

(a) (b) Figure 2. (a) dynamic photoelasticity and high-speed photography for the study of rock friction, (b) particle flow modelling of gouge friction and evolution of force chains in granular media

(a) (b) Figure 3. (a) excavation-induced seismicity in a granular fault zone using an unload-induced direct-shear model, (b) injection-induced seismicity in a sawcut fault using shear-flow experiments ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 28 Research Highlights Geotechnical Group at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Con’t)

Selected references: Wu, W., Zoback, M. D., Kohli, A. H. (2017a) “The impacts of effective stress and CO2 sorption on the matrix permeability of shale reservoir rocks”, Fuel, 203, 179-186. Wu, W., Zhao, Z. H., Duan, K. (2017b) “Unloading-induced instability of granular fault gouges and implications for excavation-induced seismicity”, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 63, 154-161. Wu, W. (2015) “Slip initiation of granular gouge friction induced by static and dynamic loads”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 80, 196-201. Wu, W., Li, H. B., Zhao, J. (2015) “Dynamic responses of non-welded and welded rock fractures and implications for P-wave attenuation in a rock mass”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 77, 174-181. Wu, W., Li, J. C., Zhao, J. (2014a) “Role of filling materials in a P-wave interaction with a rock fracture”, Engineering Geology, 172, 77-84. Wu, W., Zou, Y., Li, X., Zhao, J. (2014b) “An unload-induced direct-shear model for granular gouge friction in rock discontinuities”, Review of Scientific Instruments, 85, 9, 093902. Wu, W., Zhao, J. (2014) “A dynamic-induced direct-shear model for dynamic triggering of frictional slip on simulated granular gouges”, Experimental Mechanics, 54(4), 605-613. Wu, W., Zhu, J. B., Zhao, J. (2013) “Dynamic response of a rock fracture filled with viscoelastic materials”, Engineering Geology, 160, 1-7.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 29 Conference reports The 18th Brazilian Congress on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Held in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, from October 19th to 22nd, 2016, the Brazilian Congress on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Cobramseg 2016) gathered more than 1300 geotechnical engineers of different ages, from 15 countries. Other three events took place together with Cobramseg – SBMR (VII Brazilian Symposium on Rock Mechanics), Geojovem (VII Brazilian Symposium and V South American Conference of Young Geotechnical Engineers) and SFGE (Shaping the Future of Geotechnical Education).

There were 1312 participants, 1200 papers submitted and 800 were approved. The technical exposition had 500 expositors representing 50 companies – from Brazil and many other countries. The technical quality of Cobramseg 2016 could be noticed in the lectures, papers and even in the discussions among the participants.

There were also nine mini courses held in the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) on 19th October. 300 geotechnical engineers took part in these courses that addressed relevant issues for geotechnical engineering.

The Opening Session was given by Luis Valenzuela, Chilean engineer internationally recognized, with the title Tailings Dams and Hydraulic Fills. Besides, the event had two forums that called people’s attention – the National Forum on Structural Interaction and the Forum on Mining Tailing Dams.

The National Forum on Structural Interaction gathered geotechnical and structural engineers. They discussed how important is the interaction of both projects – geotechnical and structural – in a building work. Many specialists stated that the performance of the foundation can affect the structure’s behavior, changing load displacement and distribution all over the structure.

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The participants could also take part in the discussions during the debates. The conclusion was that it is essential to put geotechnical and structural engineers together. Many other forums like this must be organized in the near future.

The Forum on Mining Tailing Dams discussed the safety of these types of dams, analyzing some cases around the world and focusing specifically on the case of Fundão Dam, in Mariana, Minas Gerais, which crashed in November 2015.

As a result of the discussion at the Forum, ABMS presented an Open Letter about Mining Tailing Dams. In the document, the Association gives the basic safety requirements to work at tailing dams. The Open Letter was presented both to technical community and Brazilian society.

ABMS Board The new Board of ABMS was elected during Cobramseg 2016. Alessander Kormann is the new president. His partners will be Alexandre Gusmão, as vice-president, Maurício Sales, as general secretary, Paulo Maia, as executive secretary, and Celso Nogueira, as treasurer. This board will lead the association from 2017 to 2018.

SBMR The symposium used to be held every four years. Now, it is held every two years. In 2016, this new format had its first experience. And it was absolutely successful! The number of participants and papers was more than in the last edition, in 2014, in Goiânia.

The most important point in 2016’s event was the presence of the mining industry, which uses a lot of Rock Mechanics, but was a little far from Brazilian Committee on Rock Mechanics. This approach was the biggest accomplishment of SBMR 2016.

A new edition of Rock Bowl – the question and answer game about rock mechanics – also took place during SBMR 2016. There were eight teams representing seven Brazilian universities. And the winner was the Federal University of Ouro Preto.

The game was organized by the young members of CBMR Board and the purpose was to attract young people to rock mechanics.

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7th Brazilian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference The 7th Brazilian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference’s aim was the same as other editions: to attract and gather young geotechnical engineers. There were many young people in the event! They were motivated and happy to be part of the biggest geotechnical event in Brazil. Apart from the discussions – with more than 150 papers – the congress was an opportunity to be with professionals they admire and only knew from articles or lectures.

SFGE Shaping the Future of Geotechnical Education is an event that gathers teachers from many countries to discuss the education of geotechnical engineering. And the 2016 edition had a very special feature: it held the first John Burland Lecture, a lecture created by ISSMGE TC306 in honor to this great engineer and teacher. John Atkinson was chosen to give the first lecture. It was an amazing success!

Besides, there were interesting discussions and, for the first time, students from Brazilian Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference could participate. The discussions used to be restricted to teachers.

SFGE 2016 also hosted a lecture transmitted online, by a Dutch teacher who was in Netherlands – Professor Delft University. It was a enriching experience.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 32 Conference reports The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics 2016 (Portugal)

The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (3rd ICTG 2016) was held between 4-7 September 2016. The first day took place at the University of Minho, in Guimarães, and in Auditorium Infante D. Henrique in Leça da Palmeira. The other three days took place at the Vila Flor Cultural Centre, in Guimarães. This conference was organized by the Portuguese Geotechnical Society, the University of Minho and also the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering – ISSMGE.

The events that took place on 4th September were the following:

• Workshop 1 – Geosynthetics in Transportation Geotechnics (Organising committee: Prof. Fumio Tatsuoka; Prof. Jorge Zornberg; Ing. José Luís Machado do Vale and Prof. José Neves). This workshop was arranged into two Keynote Lectures by Prof. Fumio Tatsuoka (Japan) and Prof. Jorge Zornberg (USA) and nine lectures presented by specialists from Netherlands, Slovenia, Portugal, Australia, USA and India. A total of 33 participants including engineers, contractors, academics and manufacture specialists attended the workshop and promoted an exchange of ideas and discussion. All articles were free available for free download until November 2016 at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22143912/8. In addition, two eBooks of the Workshop are available for free download at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160190 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61306. • Workshop 2 – Harbour Geotechnics (Organising committee: Prof. Y. Kikuchi, J. Cerejeira, A. Pinto). This second workshop counted with two Keynote Lectures given by Prof. Yoshiaki Kikuchi (Japan) and José Cerejeira (Portugal) and nine lectures presented by specialists from Japan, Spain and Portugal. Moreover, 69 participants attended this workshop about the state-of-the-art of the use of harbour geotechnics, theory and research, as well as key issues in practice and perspective. The documentation (eBook) of this workshop is available for free download at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.167408 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160169 • Workshop 3 – Non-Destructive Technologies (Organising committee: Prof. S. Nazarian, D. Jansen, S. Fontul, E. Fortunato). This workshop was organised into eight lectures – presented by specialists from USA, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland – and two Keynote Lectures by David White & Cesare Sangiorgi (Italy) and Francisco Romero & Senén Sandoval Castaño (Spain). A total of 19 participants attended the workshop where the role of the non-destructive technologies was discussed. The eBooks prepared by this workshop are available for free download at: https://zenodo.org/record/260107#.WTPUYcbOXD4 and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.260137 • Workshop 4 – Ground Improvement and Soil Stabilisation (Organising committee: S. Varaksin, A. A. S. Correia, M. Azenha). The workshop 4 comprised of two Keynote Lectures given by Jérôme Racinais (France) and Márcio Almeida (Brazil) and eight lectures presented by specialists from The Netherlands, Australia, Austria and Portugal. This workshop counted with a total of 29 participants including engineers, contractors, academics and designers. The documentation (eBook) of this workshop is available for free download at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61225 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154668 • 1st Young Transportations Geotechnics Engineering Meeting (YTGE) (Organising committee: J. Tinoco, A. Paixão, C. Ribeiro). This meeting covered all the disciplines in transportation geotechnics (roads, highways, bridges, airports, railways, waterways, canals and terminals-harbours). A total of 20 contributions were submitted from all over the world (covering 10 different countries). Moreover, the 1st YTGE meeting was attended by 38 participants from 17 different countries. The documentation of this workshop is available for free download at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.143498 ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 33 Conference reports The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics 2016 (Portugal) (Con’t)

Closing Session of the 1st YTGE Meeting of ISSMGE: Visit to the Leixões Cruise Terminal before the Prof. Roger Frank, Prof. A. Gomes Correia, Dr. dinner of the Workshop 2 André Piaxão and Dr. Joaquim Tinoco

The technical sessions of the 3rd ICTG 2016 took place between 5th to 7th September and included the 1st Proctor Lecture by Prof. Buddhima Indraratna, published in volume 7 of Transportation Geotechnics journal, two Keynote Lectures presented by Prof. Erol Tutumluer and Prof. Anand Puppala, published in volume 9 of the same journal, the Mercer Lecture (IGS) by Prof. Jorge Zornberg, as well as four theme lectures (10 presentations), three special lectures (13 presentations) and 12 parallel sessions (86 presentations).

1st Proctor Lecture: Prof. Buddhima Indraratna Mercer Lecture: Prof. Jorge Zornberg

Keynote Lecture: Prof. Erol Tutumluer Keynote Lecture: Prof. Anand Puppala ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 34 Conference reports The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics 2016 (Portugal) (Con’t)

Furthermore, two posters sessions (48 posters) and a technical exhibition (11 exhibitors) took place, as well as the Inaugural Meeting of a New Group for Intelligent Construction.

The audience during one of the The poster session The opening of the 3rd ICTG 2016 technical sessions Exhibition

The technical sessions together with all the events of 4th September had a total amount of 461 registrations. The technical sessions had the following themes:

• Theme 1: Optimized Geomaterial (including hydraulically bound materials and asphalt mixtures): Use, Reuse and Recycling • Theme 2: Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Transportation Geotechnics • Theme 3: Foundations and Earth Structures • Theme 4: Slope Stability, Stabilisation, and Asset Management • Theme 5: Mechanistic-empirical Design (road, railways and airfields) • Theme 6: Rail Track Substructures, including Transition Zones • Theme 7: Subsurface Sensing for Transportation Infrastructure • Theme 8: Macro and Nanotechnology applied to Transportation Geotechnics • Theme 9: Sustainability in Transportation Geotechnics • Theme 10: Case Histories

The conference proceedings contain 182 peer-reviewed papers resulting from 292 accepted abstracts from 50 countries and more than 900 authors. The indexed SCOPUS papers are in open access and free for downloading on Procedia Engineering’s website: (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/18777058/143).

The two Keynote Lectures “Advances in Ground Modification with Chemical Additives: From theory to practice” are available at (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22143912163 0040X) and “Rutting Prediction in Airport Pavement Granular Base/Subbase: A stress history based approach” are available at Coffee Break of the 3rd ICTG 2016 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214391216 – Vila Flor Cultural Centre 300460).

The 1st Proctor Lecture, distributed to the participants, is on the website of the Transportation Geotechnics journal (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/22143912/8).

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In addition, a supplement of the 3rd ICTG and other documentation distributed to the participants were compiled in an eBook available for free download at: https://zenodo.org/record/167550#.WTPZU2jyvD4

This includes a report of the Conference (photos, organization, sponsors, Conference programme, opening ceremony, social programme, the first meeting of the International Intelligent Construction Technologies Group, announcements, closing ceremony, and Conference statistics), as well as the links to the e-books of its associated Workshops and to the 1st Young Transportation Geotechnics Engineers meeting. Furthermore, the presentations made available by the authors are featured in the Keynote, Theme and Special Lectures, as well as in the Session Theme Lectures. It also includes the posters provided by the authors, and references to the Formal Meetings featured during the Conference.

The Conference Chairman, Prof. A. Gomes Correia, is very grateful to the Portuguese Geotechnical Society (in particular to the Portuguese Technical Committee on Transportation Geotechnics), the University of Minho (in particular the School of Engineering, ISISE and the Department of Civil Engineering) and the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (in particular the Technical Committee on Transportation Geotechnics – TC 202) for the opportunity to organize the 3rd ICTG 2016, technically very interesting with specialists that promoted an exchange of ideas and discussion and socially very pleasant in the city of Guimarães.

The organizers would also like to express their gratitude for the financial support offered by Sol Solution, Mapei, Menard, Cofra B.V., ISQ, JETsj, GEG, TPF Planege Cenor, Apageo, Lhoist and BBF/NAUE. Additionally, also for the support (non-financial) of TRB, ICT, RUTGERS, IGS, G-I, OE, OE-Norte.

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE António Gomes Correia Chair of the 3rd ICTG 2016

Joaquim Tinoco University of Minho

Joel Oliveira University of Minho

José Campos e Matos University of Minho

Manuel Parente University of Minho

Miguel Azenha University of Minho

Site of the 3rd ICTG: http://www.civil.uminho.pt/3rd-ictg2016/

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 36 Conference reports The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017) (Pakistan)

14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017)

January 23-24, 2017, Lahore, Pakistan

The Pakistan Geotechnical Engineering Society (PGES) under the aegis of International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) organized the 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017), which was held at FAST National University of Computers and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES), Lahore, Pakistan on January 23, 2017.

Organized by Pakistan Geotechnical Engineering Society, the theme of this International Conference was “New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering”. This broad theme was kept to attract the diversity of quality papers from around the globe to explore the fast-growing challenges in geotechnical engineering and to strengthen the association between the foreign and Pakistani experts to confront them. The conference, therefore, acted as a platform for exchange of technical ideas between Consultants, Contractors, Manufacturers and academicians to share their expertise in the realm of geotechnical engineering.

The Organizing Committee comprised of Engr. Amjad Agha as President PGES, Dr. Tahir Hayat as Chairman Organizing Committee, Engr. Sohail Kibria as Convener Fund-Raising Committee, Syed Badar-ul-Hussnain as Secretary Organizing Committee and Engr. Menal Zaheer as Coordinator ICNCGE-2017, put their enormous time and efforts in making this International conference a big success and to embark a new dimension in the field of geotechnical engineering. The other members of the Organizing Committee, Engr. Abdul Khaliq Khan as Vice President PGES, Dr. Tahir Masood as Secretary General PGES, Engr. Irfan Saeed as Finance Secretary, Dr. Izhar-ul-Haq as Senior member, Dr. Ammad Hassan as Convener research paper Review Committee, Engr. Umair Aqil as Convener Tour Management Committee and Dr. Shahid Ali, Engr. Asim Iqbal, Engr. Fahad Haseeb & Engr. Rosheen Sagheer as member of Organizing Committee served their role to excellence. Student Volunteers, namely, Arsalan Gujjar, Syed Shehroz Ali, Shah Nawaz, Masseera Khurshid, Nauman Malkani, Zeeshan, Haseeb, Ali Nawaz Cheema and Mzaher Abbas of Civil Engineering department, FAST-NUCES along with Anoosh Zaheer of Geography department, University of Punjab had put their best efforts to make the conference successful.

The conference was very well attended by more than 300 participants including the esteemed international guests from Japan, Korea, Kazakhstan, Australia, Norway, Malaysia and Singapore, dignitaries, professionals, organizational members, manufacturers and students. The participants had brought together the best of ideas to meet the new challenges in geotechnical engineering on the platform of PGES. The presented papers were published in conference proceedings with a volume of 275 pages. The proceedings contain 34 research papers of which 21 papers were presented orally during the conference sessions and remaining 13 were presented in the poster session. The research papers were also published in an electronic form on DVD and were provided to all the participants.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 37 Conference reports The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017) (Pakistan) (Con’t)

Photo 1. Group photograph of the Chief Guest, Keynote Speakers, Executive Committee and 14th ICNCGE-2017 the Organizing Committee

Under the main theme of “New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering”, the following sixteen (16) sub- themes were covered in the conference:

1. Field Investigations/Testing 2. Geomatics Techniques 3. Laboratory Testing 4. Analysis and Design 5. Problematic Soils 6. Ground Improvement 7. Landslides Mitigation 8. Conservation of Archeological Sites 9. Deep Excavations 10. Hazard Zonification 11. Numerical Modeling 12. Geotechnical Construction 13. Performance and Monitoring 14. Environmental Geotechnical Engineering 15. Academia and Professional Practice 16. Case Histories.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 38 Conference reports The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017) (Pakistan) (Con’t)

Dr. Amir Muhammad, Rector FAST National University of Computers and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NUCES) graced the opening ceremony of ICNCGE-2017 with his presence. President PGES, Engr. Amjad Agha welcomed the gathering by his opening address. The Chairman of the Conference Organizing Committee, Dr. Tahir Hayat gave a brief introduction about the conference. Dr. Tahir Hayat also acknowledged the sponsors for generously supporting PGES to keep geotechnical profession in the limelight in Pakistan.

Engr. Amjad Agha accentuated the participant’s attention to the multiplicity and successful practices of geotechnical engineering.

“Geotechnical Engineering is a specialty within the broad spectrum of civil engineering technology that ranges from pure sciences at one extreme to technical application at the other. Geotechnical engineers in their practice draw from disciplines extending from earth sciences such as geology and seismology, to field inspection Photo 2. President PGES, Engr. and construction control. There are three attributes for the Amjad Agha delivering the successful practice of Geotechnical Engineering. These are i) opening address knowledge of precedents ii) familiarity with soil mechanics and iii) working knowledge of geology”

The opening ceremony was followed by the series of keynote lectures and technical sessions. The conference was comprised of the following three technical sessions:

• Dams, Hydropower and Deep Foundations (Technical Session-1) • Geohazard, Slope stability and Rock Mechanics (Technical Session -2) • Geo-Investigations and Testing (Technical Session -3)

Prof. Ikuo Towhata, Vice President for Asia (ISSMGE) gave the first Keynote Lecture (Technical Session-1). The lecture was titled as “Long-term Slope Instability and Geotechnical Hazards in Fault Rupture Zones after Big Earthquakes”. After the commanding opening of the technical session-1, six oral presentations were given by the presenting authors related to “Dams, Hydropower and Deep Foundations”.

After the first technical session, the delegates enjoyed the Conference lunch arranged by the organizers. A thematic technical exhibition was also arranged on the day of conference enabling participants to learn about the solutions offered by professionals towards the new challenges in geotechnical engineering. There were 15 exhibitors including; contractors, consulting firms, manufacturers and importers of engineering equipment. Delegates enjoyed the exhibition and the poster presentations during the lunch and high tea sessions.

The second Technical Session “Geohazard, Slope stability and Rock Mechanics” was held after the lunch in which Prof. Eun Chul Shin, Vice President of Korean Geotechnical Society delivered the second Keynote lecture titled “Collapse of Tunnel During Construction of Underground Highway” followed by six oral presentations related to the theme of technical session which helped the participants in developing better understanding of Geohazard, Slope stability and Rock Mechanics.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 39 Conference reports The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017) (Pakistan) (Con’t)

At the end of Technical Session-2, Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between Fast National University of Computers and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan and Exploratory and Creative Educational Program for Future City Design, Incheon National University, South Korea. Dr. Amjad Hussain Shah, Director FAST-NUCES and Prof. Eun Chul Shin, Director of Creative Educational Program for Future City Design, Incheon National University, South Korea signed the memorandum to ensure the promotion and exchange of academic and research activities of mutual interests between both universities.

Photo 3. Keynote Speaker, Prof. Eun Chul Shin Photo 4. Prof. Eun Chul Shin and Dr. Amjad Hussain during his lecture on “Collapse of Tunnel during Shah shaking hands after signing of the MOU Construction of Underground Highway” between Incheon National University, Korea and FAST-NUCES

Lastly, the invited guest from Australia, Mr. Robert Goldsmith shared his research and worldwide experience on “Challenges in geotechnical investigations at difficult and remote sites”.

To add the golden feather in the cap of success, the Organizing Committee also conducted a national level student competition amongst Bachelor’s students “B.E. Geotechnical Project of the Year-2017”. The two winner groups received the shields and certificates along with the cash prize of Rs. 10,000/- each.

In the closing session, words of farewell and gratitude to participants were expressed by Dr. Izhar-ul-Haq. President PGES, Engr. Amjad Agha distributed the shields amongst the organizing committee members and acknowledged them for their untiring efforts and hardwork.

Photo 5. Invited Guest Speaker, Mr. Robert Photo 6. Dr. Tahir Masood, Secretary General PGES Goldsmith sharing his expertise with the audience & CEO Berkeley Associates, receiving his shield from the President PGES ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 40 Conference reports The 14th International Conference on New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering (ICNCGE-2017) (Pakistan) (Con’t)

Overall, the day was full of nice discussions, meetings and greeting new friends, exchanging business cards, smiles and laughters. The fruitful exchange of ideas and discussions between all participants of ICNCGE-2017 was indeed a positive sign for confronting the New Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering.

Photo 7. Authors presenting their research paper in Technical Session-3 (Geoinvestigations and Testing) (L to R): Mr. Garry Peach, Engr. Sohail Kibria, Mr. Sulman Ali Sohail, Mr. Robert Goldsmith

This International Conference ended the next day after a sight-seeing tour to the historical walled city of Lahore at Delhi Gate and other old historical structures, which was organized for the interested delegates on January 24, 2017. The tourists visited Shahi Hamam (Royal Baths), Shahi Qila (Lahore Castle), Badshahi Mosque, Wazir Khan Mosque and Sikh Gurdwara, the heritage sites in Lahore, Pakistan. The delegates also visited the Akbari Mandi (Akbari Old Market).

The food history of Lahore alone is enough to lure the people all over the world to taste the diverse spices of Lahore, that itself keeps the hearts of Lahoris alive and hence, make them stay true to the term “Zinda Dilan-e-Lahore” (Lively Lahore).

Photo 8. Visitors at the Wazir Khan Mosque, Walled City, Lahore

Menal Zaheer Coordinator of ICNCGE-2017 ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 41 Conference reports Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology (TGG-2017) (Russia)

The scientific conference TGG-2017 “Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology” was held in Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia on 15-19 May, 2017 to give an up-to-date picture of the field of design, construction and exploitation of transport facilities and to share the latest experience.

The conference was organized by Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University under auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering – ISSMGE and International Geosynthetics Society -IGS. The conference was supported by TC202 “Transportation Geotechnics” (chair - Erol Tutumluer) and TC 215 “Environmental Geotechnics” (chair – Malek Bouazza).

The Conference, which was devoted to 150th anniversary of Professor Alexander Liverovsky, included a short course "The pressuremeter and foundation design", 9 keynote presentations, 21 concurrent sessions with 144 presentations, a technical exhibition, 141 papers.

The conference had a total amount of 282 registrations from 17 countries.

Before the conference opening, there had been a two days’ short course "The pressuremeter and foundation design".

A short course "The pressuremeter and foundation design", by Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, Prof. Anna Shidlovskaya and Dr. Anna Timchenko was held on 15-16 May, 2017. A total of 23 participants including engineers, contractors, academics and manufacture specialists attended the short course about the state- of-the-art of the use of pressuremeter, theory and research, as well as key issues in practice and perspective. This short course included a pressuremeter field test.

Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud delivering Prof. Ilyichev presents his Organizers of short course Prof. Anna his short course book to Prof. Briaud Shidlovskaya, Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, and Dr. Anna Timchenko

The President of Russian Geotechnical Society Prof. V. Ilyichev and the President of the Kazakhstan Geotechnical Society Prof. A. Zhussupbekov visited this short course.

The opening ceremony took place in the Assembly Hall of the university. Dr Andrei Petriaev, the Organizing Chairman, delivered the opening address, highlighted the importance of geotechnics and geoecology for transportation infrastructure and wished the participants a fruitful and successful work.

Vice-Rector Prof. Lyudmila Blazhko delivered her speech to the participants. She pointed out, that the significance of the issues of the Conference was proved by a broad geography of its participants.

Conference program included presentations from nine keynote speakers who are industry experts and recognized authorities in the field of Geotechnical Engineering and Geoecology.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 42 Conference reports Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology (TGG-2017) (Russia) (Con’t)

Keynote lectures had the following topics:

• Prof. Valentin G. Kondratiev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia “Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions”

• Prof. Satoshi Akagawa, Cryosphere Engineering Laboratory, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan “Frost heaving in ballast railway track”

• Prof. Jiankun Liu, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China “Thermal-mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced soil under multiple freeze-thaw сycles”

• Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA “Granular layer stiffness enhancement provided by geogrid-aggregate interlock”

• Prof. Jorge G. Zornberg, Immediate Past-President of International Geosynthetics Society (IGS), University of Texas at Austin, USA “Functions and applications of geosynthetics in roadways”

• Prof. Antonio Gomes Correia, Immediate past Chair of the TC202, University of Minho, Portugal “Analysis of nonlinear soil modelling in the subgrade and rail track responses under HST”

• Prof. Ivan Vaniček, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009–2013, Chech Technical University, Prague, Chech Republic “Application of large volume waste for earth structures of transport engineering”

• Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, President of FedIGS, President of the ISSMGE 2009–2013, Texas A&M University, USA “High speed trains geotechnics”

• Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, the President of the Kazakhstan Geotechnical Society, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan “Pile foundations of megaprojects: new railway station and LRT in problematical soil ground of Astana”

Awarding ceremony of Keynote Lecturer Prof. Prof. Satoshi Akagawa delivering his Keynote Jorge G. Zornberg by Chairman of Plenary session Lecture Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 43 Conference reports Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology (TGG-2017) (Russia) (Con’t)

Dr Andrei Petriaev, the Organizing Chairman, Sessions Chair Prof. Ivan Vaniček leads the presents a certificate to the Prof. Jiankun Liu meeting in Mendeleev hall

Conference Secretary Dr Anastasia Konon Participants at the Welcome Reception

Technical sessions had the following themes:

• Problems of noise and vibration I. Chair – Wojciech Gosk • Use of geosynthetics for stabilization of transportation infrastructure I. Chair – Jorge G. Zornberg • Geoecoprotective materials, structures and technologies for transportation I Chair – Ivan Vaniček • Problems of noise and vibration II. Chair – Sakdirat Kaewunruen • Use of geosynthetics for stabilization of transportation infrastructure II. Chair – Zikmund Rakowski • Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation II. Chair – Larisa B. Svatovskaya • Soil dynamics. Chair – Pavel V. Ivanov • Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation III. Chair – Antonina S. Sakharova • Problems of railway ballast and ballastless track upper structure. Chair – Erol Tutumluer • Geotechnical problems in cold regions. Chair – Tatsuya Ishikawa • Transport facilities influence on underground structures. Chair – Anton A. Sokornov • Stability of slopes. Chair – Alexey F. Kolos ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 44 Conference reports Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology (TGG-2017) (Russia) (Con’t)

• Advances on the use of geosynthetics in transportation infrastructure. Chair – Erol Güler • Problems of underground construction in complex geotechnical conditions. Chair – Dmitry A. Soloviev • Pavement problems caused by the natural influences and due to repeated cars passages. Chair – Jnanendra Nath Mandal • Soil field testing. Chair – Stefano Utili • Geotechnical monitoring. Chairs – Askar Zhussupbekov, Talal Awwad • Interaction of soil and engineering structures. Chair – Jiankun Liu • Techniques of earth foundation strengthening. Chair – Anastasia A. Konon • Geotechnical modelling. Chair – Vladimir N. Paramonov

The conference proceedings contain 141 peer-reviewed papers resulting from 196 accepted abstracts from 17 countries and more than 300 authors. The indexed SCOPUS papers are in open access and free for downloading on Procedia Engineering’s website: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/18777058/189/supp/C.

Following the first day of the TGG-2017 program, the bus trip to Peterhof, the residence of Russian emperors, and Welcome Reception at the Usupov Palace was held for all conference participants and their accompanying persons. The conference's Gala Dinner was held the next day in the Oak hall.

At the end of the Conference Chairman, Prof. Andrei Petriaev thanked all the participants and announced that the upcoming TGG-2021 “Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology” would be held in Saint- Petersburg in May, 2021.

The conference was intended to reveal the most significant geotechnical engineering aspects from local to global level. Worldwide cooperation of geotechnical and geoecological engineers will open new horizons in geotechnics and give sustainable support for future research.

Andrei Petriaev Chair TGG2017

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 45 Conference reports Half-day seminar: Centrifuge modelling in research and practice (Thailand)

The Thai Geotechnical Society (TGS) and the Engineering Institute of Thailand under H.M. The King’s Patronage have co-organized a half-day seminar on “Centrifuge modelling in research and practice”, for the first time of its kind, on 10th June 2017 at the Emerald Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, sponsored by SEAFCO Public Company Limited and Geotechnical Engineering Research and Development Centre. The event was coordinated by Prof. Suttisak Soralump (President of TGS), Dr Viroon Kamchoom (Post-doctoral fellow at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) and Dr Thayanan Boonyarak (Chief of Engineering Division, Seafco Public Company Limited).

The seminar aimed to (i) facilitate knowledge exchange of the state-of-the-art and recent technological advancements of centrifuge modelling techniques and (ii) discuss its capability of investigating wide ranges of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering problems.

The seminar started with a keynote lecture by Prof. Charles W. W. Ng on the topic “The state-of-the-art geotechnical centrifuge modelling and applications”, and then followed by five presentations:

• “The use of centrifuge modelling to solve geotechnical problems in Thailand” by Prof. Suttisak Soralump, Associate Professor at Kasetsart University, Thailand • “Development and testing experience of centrifuge modelling in Thailand” by Prof. Kitidech Santichianant, Assistant Professor at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand • “Modelling of plant roots for natural geotechnical engineering problems” by Dr Anthony Leung, Senior Lecturer at University of Dundee, UK • “Centrifuge modelling of seawall embankment over soft marine clay” by Dr Viroon Kamchoom, Post-doctoral Fellow at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HKSAR

Opening speech by Prof. Suttisak Soralump Presentation of gift to the keynote lecturer, Prof. Charles W. W. Ng

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 46 Conference reports Half-day seminar: Centrifuge modelling in research and practice (Thailand) (Con’t)

Some participants of the event

Prof. Suttisak Soralump Event organiser and President of TGS ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 47 ISSMGE Foundation Reports

The 4th World Landslide Forum (WLF) 2017 starts with Opening speeches by Yueping Yin, ICL President, Qunli Han, UNESCO DG Representative, JH.E.Keiji Fukuda, Ambassador of Japan in Slovenia and Matjez Mikos, WLF4 Forum Chair. The opening address was followed by the following forum lectures:

• Rupestrian world heritage sites: Instability investigation and sustainable mitigation by Claudio Margottini (Coordinator of the ICL successful thematic network, Italy) • Rock fall occurrence and fragmentation by Jorfi Corominas (2016 Varnes Medal Recipient, Spain) • Glacial lake outburst floods by Vit Vilimek (Editor of thematic issue of Landslides, Czech Republic) • Landslides and Society by Irasema Alcantara-Ayala (Convener of Session 1-3 Landslides and Society, Mexico)

After the enlightening forum lectures, the high-level panel discussion has been arranged with video message from Robert Glasser, Special representative of the secretary general for disaster risk reduction and head of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). The high-level panel discussion followed by recognition of ICL and IPL activities. At the end of the day the welcome reception has been arranged in grand reception hall and welcome address given by Ms. Irena Majcen, the Minister of the Environment and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Slovenia.

The parallel sessions which cover five themes of the forum including Advances in landslide science, Advances in landslide technology, Diversity of landslide forms and Landslide in different environments has been organised with experts in the respective themes. Other activities including poster presentation, photo exhibition and forum technical exhibition has also been arranged. Forum banquet has been arranged for all WLF4 participants at Ljubljana castle. Three open sessions have been conducted during lunch breaks of the WLF4. Student sessions have been arranged separately on the final day and round table discussion made with the theme review of WLF4 and forum development towards WLF5. The round table discussion followed by WLF4 closing ceremony which included speech by the new president of ICL Peter Bobrowsky, Announcement of the ICL-WLF4 distinguished student award and best photo award in each category by ICL president Yueping Yin and forum chair Matjaz Mikos. Finally Dr. Kyoji Sassa, Executive Director of IPL and WLF5 forum chair welcomed the participants to WLF5 to Japan.

Overall the conference has given me an opportunity to meet scientists, engineers and researchers around the world to share our research work and get their suggestions. As I am interested in doing post-doctoral study in the area of landslides, the conference was helpful to develop contacts to continue my research in the future. I would like to express my gratitude to ISSMGE foundation for providing financial support to participate in 4th World Landslide Forum.

Presentation at the conference Photo with Prof. Dr. Zeljko Arbanas

Senthilkumar Vadivel VIT University, India ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 48 ISSMGE Foundation Reports (Con’t)

Geo-Risk 2017 started with a welcome speech by Prof. DV Griffiths, Conference Chair who explained the main objectives of the conference. After the welcome speech, The Suzanne Lacasse lecture titled “Bayesian Thinking in Geotechnics” was delivered by Prof. GB Baecher from University of Maryland in which he explained the application of Bayesian techniques in geotechnical engineering. Next day Wilson Tang lecture titled “Future directions in reliability-based geotechnical design” was delivered by Prof. GA Fenton from Dalhousie University. Two Keynote lectures were delivered by DE Becker of Golder Associates on “Geotechnical Risk Management and Reliability-based design: lessons learned” and B Simpson of Arup Geotechnics on “Eurocode 7 and Robustness”. The parallel sessions started on that day focused on application of reliability methods on tunnels, advances in reliability based design, application of reliability methods in liquefaction and Bayesian techniques. I attended the risk assessment of tunnelling session. The discussion on application of probabilistic approaches in shield tunnelling was quite enlightening. Many case histories were discussed which helped me understand the difficulties associated with application of probabilistic approaches in tunnelling and their solutions which is going to help me in many Himalayan tunnel construction design. Next day keynote lectures were delivered by Prof. Juang of Clemson University on “ Assessing soil liquefaction and effect of using probabilistic methods” and Prof Studelein of Oregon State University on “ Performance of structures founded in spatially variable soil: A probabilistic SSI framewok”. The lectures were highly enlightening. Parallel sessions on this day focused on application probabilistic and reliability based method on slope stability analysis and landslides, spatial variability of soil, reliability and risk-based code developments. I attended “Slope failures and Landslides” session. The case studies on Michigan Ditch Landslide and Colorado springs were very informative and useful for me. Overall the conference was really enlightening, informative and very well organized. Once again thanks to “ISSMGE Foundation” for providing me financial assistance for attending the conference.

Inauguration of the conference Photo with Prof DV Griffith

Gaurav Tiwari Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 49 Obituary Professor Ken Been

It is with great sadness that we share the passing of Ken Been on June 13. He was first diagnosed with cancer in 2002 and at that time was given a bleak prognosis. However, he was determined to keep working and living despite the diagnosis. The last couple of years were tough, but he felt lucky to have had many more years than was originally predicted.

After graduating with a B.Sc. degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Cape Town, Ken went on to become a Rhodes Scholar, attaining a PhD from the University of Oxford in 1980. He worked for Golder in Canada, Germany, the UK, Houston, and Atlantic Canada before officially retiring to the west coast of Canada (Vancouver Island) where he continued to work as a Senior Consultant with Golder's geotechnical group in Vancouver.

Ken joined the Calgary office in 1981 and went on to become a Principal and leading expert in investigation, design, and construction in support of offshore exploration in the Canadian and Alaskan Beaufort Sea in the 1980s. His work included pipelines, sand and gravel islands, hybrid structures, and spray ice islands. During his career, he became a globally recognized expert in geotechnical engineering involving reclaimed land and soft soils, in particular, for LNG and other onshore facilities for the oil and gas industry in North America, Africa and South America. His specialty technical areas were soil liquefaction and offshore geotechnical engineering in cold seas. Much of this was developed in pioneering work in the Calgary office in the 1980's where Ken worked with Jack Crooks, Dennis Becker and Mike Jefferies.

Photo: Golder’s Dennis Becker (left) working with Ken in the Arctic (Endicott Island, Alaska) in 1985

Always interested in sharing knowledge and advancing geotechnical engineering, Ken wrote over 30 papers. The state parameter paper (Been and Jefferies, 1985) is still among the 10 most cited papers ever in Geotechnique. In 2006, Mike Jefferies and Ken Been published a state-of-the-art book Soil Liquefaction: A Critical State Approach that is a recognized standard for civil engineers developing solutions for areas of the world subject to seismic activity. His most recent paper was an invited keynote address entitled "Characterizing Mine Tailings for Geotechnical Design"; it summarized much of Ken's technical contributions and was published in Australian Geomechanics Volume 51 in December 2016.

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 50 Obituary (Con’t) Professor Ken Been

In 2005, Ken became the first global Oil and Gas sector leader. Thanks to Ken's acknowledged leadership and passion for working as a global team, the work for Oil & Gas clients grew significantly in a few years to become the second largest client sector in Golder. Projects for multi-national clients included both engineering and environmental services, providing a template for integrated solutions around the globe. In addition, it made Golder work with clients who were used to working globally and were extremely demanding in terms of Health and Safety. Those involved will never forget the first sector meeting in Houston and the second in Indonesia!

Ken was on the Technical Standards committee for foundation design of offshore structures. He managed Golder's UK and German operations for four years. He also served on the EHL board for four years. Ken enjoyed golf, bird photography and woodworking.

"As colleagues, we often take for granted that we work with great people in our organization and when circumstances and opportunity arise, a team of scientists and engineers get the chance to be at their best. Ken led our group with a sense of excitement at what we could achieve and made sure we had fun along the way. I remember one of our early team meetings in London where Ken encouraged us to dream big: at the top of the London Eye, giving a paper at Imperial College or debating the merits of warm versus cold beer." - Dave Kerr, Principal and Senior Consultant, Calgary.

Our sincere condolences to Ken's wife Fiona and their two sons on their loss. Ken's family held a private burial service on June 15 and are planning a "Celebration of Life" in Nanoose Bay, Vancouver Island in the near future. More information on the memorial celebration will be posted here when it becomes available.

In lieu of flowers, Ken's family has asked donations be made in his name to the Golder Trust for Orphans.

Extra from Golder News in Golder Associate Pty Ltd. ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 51 Event Diary

ISSMGE EVENTS Please refer to the specific conference website for full details and latest information.

2017

9ème édition des JOURNEES AFRICAINES DE LA GEOTECHNIQUE Date: 26 – 29 June 2017 Location: Radisson Blu Hotel 2Fevrier, Togo, Lomé, Togo Contact person: Prof E.M. KANA Address: 5, rue Monseigneur Graffin Phone: +237 699500510 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected]

BCRRA 2017 - Tenth International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields. Date: Wednesday 28 June 2017 - Friday 30 June 2017 Location: ATHENS, Greece Language: English Local Organizer: National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Contact person: Prof. Andreas Loizos Address: 5, Iroon Polytechniou str.,15773, ATHENS, Greece Phone: + 30 210 7721279 Fax: + 30 210 7724254 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.bcrra2017.com/

2nd International Symposium on Coastal and Offshore Geotechnics (ISCOG 2017) & 2nd International Conference on Geo-Energy and Geo-Environment (GeGe2017) Date: 5-7 July 2017 Location: Zhejiang University, China Contact person: Yi Hong Address: 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China Phone: +86 13758906685 Email: [email protected]

GeoMEast 2017 Date: Saturday 15 July 2017 - Wednesday 19 July 2017 Location: Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt Language: English Organizer: The Egyptian Housing and Building Research Center (HBRC) in cooperation with the Soil- Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) Contact person: Hany Farouk Shehata Address: Tower C, Maamora Towers, 7th District, Nasr City, 11727 ,Cairo, Egypt Phone: +201110666775 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.geomeast2017.org/

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 52 Event Diary (Con’t)

PBD-III Vancouver 2017 - The 3rd International Conference on Performance Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Date: Sunday 16 July 2017 - Wednesday 19 July 2017 Location: Westin Bayshore Hotel (http://www.westinbayshore.com/) Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Language: English Organizer: TC203 (Earthquakes) Website: http://pbdiiivancouver.com/

2nd International Symposium on Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG2) Date: Wednesday 06 September 2017 - Friday 08 September 2017 Location: Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, W. Yorks, United Kingdom Language: English Organizer: CPD, Conference & Events Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, LEEDS, LS2 9JT, UK Contact person: CPD, Conference & Events Unit Address: Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, W.Yorks, United Kingdom Phone: +44 (0)113 343 2494 / 8104 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://tinyurl.com/cpeg2017

ICSMGE 2017 - 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Seoul Date: Sunday 17 September 2017 - Thursday 21 September 2017 Location: Coex Convention Center, Seoul, Korea Language: English and French Organizer: Organising Committee of ICSMGE 2017 Contact person: Ms. Soi LEE Address: 4F, SUNGJI Building, 192, Bangbae-ro, Seocho-gu, 137-835, Seoul, Republic of Korea Phone: +82-2-6288-6347 Fax: +82-2-6288-6399 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.icsmge2017.org

International Conference on Advancement of Pile Technologies and Case Histories Date: 25-27 September 2017 Location: Discovery Kartika Plaza Hotel, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia, Bali Language: English Organizer: Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Contact person: Mr. Aflizal and Mr.Aswin Lim Address: Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.pile2017.com/

3rd International soil-structure interaction symposium Date: 18-20 October 2017 Location: Turkish Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Turkey, Izmir Language: English Organizer: Turkish Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Contact person: Professor Yeliz Yukselen Aksoy Address: Dokuz Eylul University Department of Civil Engineering Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.zye2017.org

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 53 Event Diary (Con’t)

2nd Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils Date: 12-15 November 2017 Location: Intercontinental Dallas Hotel, Dallas, TX, United States Contact person: John S McCartney Address: University of California San Diego Phone: +1 (703) 295-6300 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: http://www.geoinstitute.org/event/2017-pan-am-unsat/

2nd International Conference “Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering” 2017 Date: 20-23 November 2017 Location: Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUCA), Ukraine, Kyiv Contact person: Prof. Igor Boyko Address: 31,Povitroflotsky Avenue Phone: +38(097) 717-5170 Fax: +38(044) 245-4124 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cgeconf.com/en

2nd International Symposium on Asia Urban GeoEngineering Date: 24-27 November 2017 Location: Hunan University, Changsha, China Contact person: Dr. Xin Tan Address: College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University Phone: +86-731-88821342 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.isaug2017.org/

2018

XVI Danube-European Conference on Geotechnical Engineering: Geotechnical Hazards and Risks: Experiences and Practices Date: Thursday 7 June 2018 - Friday 9 June 2018 Location: Skopje, Macedonia, Former Republic of Yugoslav, Skopje Language: English and German Organizer: Macedonian Association for Geotechnics Contact person: Jovan Br. Papić Address: blvd.Partizanski odredi No.24 Phone: +389 2 3116 066 ext.157 Fax: +389 2 3 11 88 34 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.decge2018.mk

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 54 Event Diary (Con’t)

4th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT’18) Date: Thursday 21 June 2018 - Friday 22 June 2018 Location: Delft University of Technology (TUD), Delft, Netherlands Language: English Organizer: Delft University of Technology (endorsed by TC102) Contact person: Prof. Michael Hicks, Dr. Federico Pisanò and Ir. Joek Peuchen Address: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Section of Geo-Engineering, Building 23, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands Phone: +31 70 31 11299 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cpt18.org

9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering Date: 25-27 June 2018 Location: University of Porto. Faculty of Engineering, Portugal Contact person: Prof. António Silva Cardoso Address: Department of Civil Engineering Phone: 22508 1469 Fax: 22508 1446 Email: [email protected]

5th GeoChina International Conference-Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability Date: 23-25 July 2018 Location: Hangzhou -China Contact person: Dr. Dar Hao Chen Address: 13208 Humphrey Dr Phone: +86 5127056263 Email: [email protected] Website: http://geochina2018.geoconf.org/

The 7th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT2018) Date: Friday 03 August 2018 - Sunday 05 August 2018 Location: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China Language: English Organizer: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) Contact persons: Prof. Charles W. W. Ng (Chair), Miss Shirley Tse (Administrative Secretary) or Dr Anthony Leung (Technical Secretary) Address: Geotechnical Centrifuge Facility, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, HKSAR, China Phone: (852) 2358-0216 Fax: (852) 2243-0040 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unsat2018.org

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 55 Event Diary (Con’t)

International Symposium on Energy Geotechnics Date: 26-28 September 2018 Location: Swiss Tech Convention Center, Lausanne, Switzerland Language: English Organiser: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) Contact person: SEG-2018 Organizing Committee Address: EPFL - ENAC - LMS Station 18 Phone: +41 21 693 23 15 Fax: +41 21 693 41 53 Email: [email protected] Website: http://seg2018.epfl.ch/

2019

7 ICEGE 2019 - International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Date: Monday 17 June 2019 - Thursday 20 June 2019 Location: Rome, Italy Language: English Organizer: TC203 and AGI (Italian Geotechnical Society) Contact person: Susanna Antonielli Address: AGI - Viale dell' Università 11, 00185, Roma, Italy Phone: +39 06 4465569 Fax: +39 06 44361035 E-mail: [email protected]

ISDCG 2019 – 7th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials Date: Wednesday 26 June 2019 - Friday 28 June 2019 Location: Technology and Innovation Centre (TIC) of the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK, Language: English Organizer: TC101 Website: in construction

ECSMGE 2019 – XVII European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Date: Sunday 01 September 2019 - Friday 06 September 2019 Location: Harpa Conference Centre Reykjavik, Iceland Language: English Organizer: The Icelandic Geotechnical Society Contact person: Haraldur Sigursteinsson Address: Vegagerdin, Borgartún 7, IS-109, Reykjavik, Iceland Phone: +354 522 1236 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ecsmge-2019.com

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 56 Event Diary (Con’t)

XVII African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Date: 07-10 October 2019 Location: Cape Town Convention Centre, South Africa, Language: English Organiser: SAICE Contact person: Dr Denis Kalumba Email: [email protected]

XVI Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Date: Monday 21 October 2019 - Friday 25 October 2019 Location: Taipei, China Contact person: 16th ARC Secretariat Phone: 886-2-27988329 ext.35 Fax: 886-2-27986225 (fax) Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.16arc.org

XVI Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Date: Monday 18 November 2019 - Friday 22 November 2019 Location: Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico Organizer: SMIG Phone: +(52) 1 55 5677-3730, +(52) 1 55 5679 3676 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://panamerican2019mexico.com

2020

Nordic Geotechnical Meeting Date: 27-29 May 2020 Location: Finlandia Hall, Finland, Helsinki Contact person: Prof. Leena Korkiala-Tanttu Address: SGY-Finnish Geotechnical Society, Phone: +358-(0)50 312 4775 Email: [email protected] ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 57 Event Diary (Con’t)

NON-ISSMGE SPONSORED EVENTS

The 3rd International Symposium on Transportation Soil Engineering in Cold Regions Date: 5 -7 July 2017 Location: Taohuayuan Hotel, China, Guide City Language: English Organiser: Qinghai Research Institute of Transportation, Qinghai Province, China / Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China Contact person: Mr. Lei Zhu Address: No. 68, Wusi Street, Chengxi District, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China, 810001, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China Phone: +86-13997237507 Email: [email protected] Website: http://transoilcold2017.applinzi.com/index.php

5th International Grouting Conference – Grouting 2017; Grouting, Deep Mixing, and Diaphragm Walls Date: 9-12 July 2017 Location: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Contact person: Helen Cook Address: 1801 Alexander Bell Dr. Phone: 1-703-295-6313 Fax: 1-703-295-6313 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.groutingconference.org

1st International Intelligent Construction Group Conference (IICTG 2017) Date: 26-28 September 2017 Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Contact person: Patte Hahn Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.iictg.org/2017-conference/

4th International Conference on Long-Term Behaviour and Environmentally Friendly Rehabilitation Technologies of Dams Date: 17-19 October 2017 Location: International Conference Centre, Tehran, Iran Contact person: Nima Tavakoli Address: No.1, Shahrsaz St., Kargozar St., Zafar Ave.,Tehran - I.R. Iran Phone: +98(21)2222 5756 Fax: +98(21)2225 7338 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.ltbd2017.ir/en/

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 58 Event Diary (Con’t)

The 15th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics Dates: 19- 23 October 2017 Location: Hongshan Hotel, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Language: English Organiser: State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University; Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineer Contact person: Hang Ruan Address: Institute of Soil and Rock Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan2#, Wuchang District, Wuhan, P. R. China, 430071 Phone: 86-27-87198413 Fax: 86-27-87198413 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.15iacmag.org

DFI 42nd Annual Conference on Deep Foundations Date: 24-27 October 2017 Location: New Orleans Marriott, United States Contact person: Theresa Engler Address: 326 Lafayette Avenue Phone: 9734234030 Fax: 9734234031 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.deepfoundations2017.org

Slope Safety Summit Date: Monday, 11 December 2017 Location: Charles K Kao Auditorium, Science Park, Hong Kong Language: English Organizer: Geotechnical Engineering Office, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Geotechnical Division, The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers Contact Person: Tony Y K Ho Address: 11/F Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Hong Kong Phone: (852) 2762 5400 Fax: (852) 2714 0275 Email: [email protected] ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 59 Event Diary (Con’t)

International Seminar on Roads, Bridges, and Tunnels (ISRBT2017) Dates: 02-09 November 2017 Location: Aristotle University, Centre for Dissemination of Research Results (Red Building), Thessaloniki, Greece Language: English Organiser: School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Contact person: Mrs. D. Gatoula Address: Highway Engineering Laboratory (for the ISRBT2016 Seminar), School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Phone: +30 2310 994385 Fax: +30 2310 995789 Email: [email protected] Website: http://isrbt.civil.auth.gr

2018

4th GeoShanghai International Conference Date: May 27-30, 2018 Location: H Ming Hotel Shanghai (http://www.whminghotel.com/default-en.html), China , Shanghai Organizer: Tongji University, China Contact person: Ming Xiao Address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennyslvania State University Phone: 1-814-865-8056 Email: [email protected] Website: http://geo-shanghai.org

micro to MACRO mathematical modelling in soil mechanics Date: 29 May – 01 June 2018 Location: Reggio Calabria Italy Organiser: DICEAM, University of Reggio Calabria Contact person: Giuseppe Mortara Address: Via Graziella, Feo di Vito Phone: +39 0965 1692 271 Fax: +39 0965 1692 201 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.microtomacro2018.unirc.it/

11th International Conference on Geosynthetics Date: 16-21 September 2018 Location: Coex, Seoul, Korea Contact person: 11ICG Secretariat Address: Haeoreum B/D (1F), 16 Yeoksam-ro 17-gil, Gangnam-gu Phone: +82-2-566-6031 Fax: +82-2-566-6087 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.11icg-seoul.org/

ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 60 Event Diary (Con’t)

The 16th World Conference of Associated research Centers for the Urban Underground Space Theme: “Integrated Underground Solutions for Compact Metropolitan Cities” Date: Monday, 5 November 2018 – Wednesday, 7 November 2018 Location: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Language: English Organizer: The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong Geotechnical Society and Associated research Centers for the Urban Underground Space Contact Person: Mark Wallace Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.acuus2018.hk

FOR FURTHER DETAILS, PLEASE REFER TO THE WEBSITE OF THE SPECIFIC CONFERENCE ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 61 Corporate Associates

S.N. Apageo S.A.S. ZA de Gomberville BP 35 - 78114 MAGNY LES HAMEAUX

FRANCE Norwegian Geotechnical Institute P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion International I.G.M. s.a.r.l. N-0806 OSLO P.O.Box: 166129 Achrafieh NORWAY Beirut LEBANON

TenCate Geosynthetics SOLETANCHE BACHY SA 9, rue Marcel Paul Deltares 133 boulevard National, 92500 Rueil- B.P. 40080 PO Box 177 Malmaison, 95873 Bezons Cedex 2600 AB Delft, FRANCE FRANCE THE NETHERLANDS

Tensar International Ltd Cunningham Court Shadsworth Business Park Blackburn, BB1 2QX, RCF Ltd Fugro N.V. UNITED KINGDOM 4C Ologun Agbeje PO Box 41 Victoria Island 2260 AA Leidschendam Lagos, THE NETHERLANDS Nigeria

Terre Armée 280, avenue Napoléon Bonaparte

Golder Associates Inc 92506 Rueil Malmaison Cedex Coffey Geotechnics 1000, 940-6th Avenue S.W. France 8/12 Mars Road Calgary, Alberta Lane Cove West CANADA T2P 3T1 NSW, 2066 AUSTRALIA

Zetas Zemin Teknolojisi AS Merkez Mah. Resadiye Cad. No. 69/A Alemdag, Umraniye Jan de Nul N.V. Istanbul, 34794 A.P. van den Berg Tragel 60, TURKEY IJzerweg 4 B-9308 Hofstade-Aalst 8445 PK Heerenveen BELGIUM THE NETHERLANDS

Siemens Energy Kaiserleistrasse10

63067 Offenbach NAUE GmbH Co KG GERMANY Pagani Geotechnical Equipment Gewerbestrasse 2 Localita Campogrande 26 32339 Espelkamp-Fiestel 29010 Calendasco (PC) GERMANY Italy www.pagani-geotechnical.com ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 62 Corporate Associates (Con’t)

Huesker Synthetic GmbH Fabrikstrasse 13-15 LLC GEOIZOL 48712 Gescher Bolshoy PR PS h.25//2 lits E. GERMANY 197198 Saint Petersburg

Wagstaff Piling 56 Tattersall Road, Kings Park, NSW 2148 AECOM Asia Company Ltd Australia 8/F, Tower 2, Grand Central Plaza Maccaferri 138 Shatin Rural Committee Road Via Kennedy 10 Shatin, NT 40069 Zola Predosa (Bologna) HONG KONG ITALY

Aurecon Level 8, 850 Collins Street Dar Al Handasah Corp Docklands Victoria 3008 Smart Village, Melbourne Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road AUSTRALIA Keller Ground Engineering Street 26, Building 10 Level 1, 4 Burbank Place, Baulkham Hills P.O. Box: 129, Giza 12577, NSW 2153 Egypt PO Box 7974, Baulkham Hills NSW 1755 Australia

Ove Arup & Partners Ltd. 13 Fitzroy Street London W1T 4BQ UNITED KINGDOM

KGS Ltd, 22 Chaikovskii St, Temirtau City, 101403 Republic of Kazakhstan http://kgs-astana.wixsite.com/society

University of Wollongong, Australia

Northfields Ave, GHD Pty, Ltd. Wollongong 57-63 Herbert Street NSW 2522 Artarmon NSW 2064 Australia AUSTRALIA

Terrasol 42/52 Quai de la Rapée - CS7123075583 Paris CEDEX 12 FRANCE ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 63

Foundation Donors

The Foundation of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) was created to provide financial help to geo-engineers throughout the world who wish to further their geo- engineering knowledge and enhance their practice through various activities which they could not otherwise afford. These activities include attending conferences, participating in continuing education events, purchasing geotechnical reference books and manuals.

• Diamond: $50,000 and above a. ISSMGE-2010 http://www.issmge.org/

b. Prof. Jean-Louis and Mrs. Janet Briaud https://www.briaud.com and http://ceprofs.tamu.edu/briaud/

• Platinum: $25,000 to $49,999

• Gold: $10,000 to $24,999 a. International I-G-M http://www.i-igm.net/

b. Geo-Institute of ASCE http://content.geoinstitute.org/

c. Japanese Geotechnical Society http://www.jiban.or.jp/

d. The Chinese Institution of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering – CCES www.geochina-cces.cn/en

e. Korean Geotechnical Society www.kgshome.or.kr

f. Comité Français de Mécanique des Sols et de Géotechnique www.cfms-sols.org

• Silver: $1,000 to $9,999 a. Prof. John Schmertmann

b. Deep Foundation Institute www.dfi.org

c. Yonsei University http://civil.yonsei.ac.kr ISSMGE Bulletin: Volume 11, Issue 3 Page 64

Foundation Donors (Con’t)

d. CalGeo – The California Geotechnical Engineering Association www.calgeo.org

e. Prof. Ikuo Towhata [email protected] http://geotle.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

f. Chinese Taipei Geotechnical Society www.tgs.org.tw

g. Prof. Zuyu Chen http://www.iwhr.com/zswwenglish/index.htm

h. East China Architectural Design and Research Institute ECADI http://www.ecadi.com/en/

i. TC 211 of ISSMGE for Ground Improvement www.bbri.be/go/tc211

j. Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov www.enu.kz/en, www.kgs-astana.kz

k. TC302 of ISSMGE for Forensic Geotechnical Engineering http://www.issmge.org/en/technical-committees/impact-on-society/163-forensic- geotechnical-engineering

l. Prof. Yoshinori Iwasaki [email protected]

m. Mr. Clyde N. Baker, Jr.

n. Prof. Hideki Ohta

o. Prof. Eun Chul Shin [email protected] n.ac.krecshin

p. Prof. Tadatsugu Tanaka

q. ARGO-E (Geoengineer.org) http://www.argo-e.com

• Bronze: up to $999

a. Prof. Mehmet T. Tümay http://www.coe.lsu.edu/administration_tumay.html [email protected]

b. Nagadi Consultants (P) Ltd www.nagadi.co.in

c. Professor Anand J. Puppala University of Texas Arlington http://www.uta.edu/ce/index.php