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The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new species of (, ) from England, and a review of the . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Supporting Information File S1

S1.1. TOMOGRAPHIC DATA

S1.1.1. Methodology

Since DORCM 12154 is embedded in sediment, the morphology of the palate demanded the use of tomography. The specimen was CT-scanned in the Royal Veterynary College, London, by Chris

Lamb, after its removal from the main slab and preparation by R. S. and M. B. A.

The scan followed the long axis of the , producing transverse slices, but was done in two separate runs, therefore generating separate datasets for the rostrum and the remaining of the skull.

Both datasets were merged at a later . Procedures and settings for both scans were identical, using 130kV, 150mA, with slice thickness of 2 mm. Each slice generated has a field of view of 320

X 320mm, and 512 X 512 pixels (pixel size = 0.625mm).

The data provided by the CT scan demands extensive work to properly model the elements of the skull, particularly the braincase, but allowed production of a surface model, as well as sagittal and coronal slices. Examination of the CT data through transverse, sagittal and coronal slices allowed to identify key structures and provide a preliminary description of the palatal/perychoanal morphology, and scoring of key characters of DORCM 12154.

1 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.1.2. CT reconstruction of the palate

Ventral view of the skull of DORCM-12154, showing the palate and perichoanal structures. A, coronal slice extracted from CT-data; B, reconstruction of the skull in ventral view. Black alveoli indicate substitution teeth. Note the presence of large occlusal pits in the premaxilla. Images not to scale. Abbreviations: Bes, Basisphenoid; Boc, basioccipital; Ept, ectopterygoid; FLT, laterotemporal fenestra; FSO, suborbital fenestra; Jug, jugal; Mx, ; Orb, orbit; Pal, palatine;

Pmx, premaxilla; Pt, pterygoid; Qj, quadrate-jugal; Qu, quadrate.

2 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.2. PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS

S1.2.1. Methodology

The analysis and character list are based on previously published analysis, including both classic references on crocodylomorph and recently published works (e.g., Clark, 1994; Ortega et al., 2000; Sereno et al., 2001, 2003; Pol, 2003; Pol & Apesteguia, 2005; Gasparini et al., 2006;

Jouve et al., 2006; Andrade & Bertini, 2008ab; Turner & Buckley, 2008; Young & Andrade, 2009).

This revised and extended dataset is part of the PhD thesis of MBA (Andrade, 2010).

Characters from previous works were thoroughly revised, with the addition of 165 new characters, resulting in a list of 486 characters (for detailed comments on taxa and characters, see items 1.2 and 1.3, respectively). Characters encompass cranium (86.01%), postcranium (13.17%), and even aspects of soft tissue and physiology (0.82%), divided in a total of 14 components. The five most numerous components are characters related to rostrum (14.61%), palate and choanae

(12.55%), skull roof (11,93%), mandible (11.73%), and dentition (10.7%).

The matrix has a total of 104 terminals (item 1.4). Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum (basal

Crurotarsi) was used as an outgroup, and the ingroup () was a priori defined as monophyletic. The sampla of taxa emphasizes non-eusuchian mesoeucrocodylians (75%), but eusuchians (19.23%) and basal crocodylomorphs (4.81%) constitute a reasonable contribution.

These terminals represent extensively revised taxa and were used in the core analysis (59% examined directly; see item 1.4); most remaining taxa are well represented and exhaustively discussed in the literature. Apart from these taxa, three additional terminals are included in the matrix (increasing the total number of terminals to 107). These use preliminary scorings only, because: (i) the material available is insufficient or preservation is poor; (ii) direct examination is needed in order to support the interpretation of the morphology and character coding; and/or (iii) the terminal combines information of other terminals, and is used to test particular hypothesis of relationships (namely, ‘ALTSiamosuchus’). Since in the first two cases the scoring of characters

3 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4). may be biased by the available information, the definitive inclusion of these additional terminals in the analysis is prevented. Nonetheless, the scoring of these terminals represents the best possible data currently available, and allows to test particular hypotheses of relationships and evaluate specific problems in crocodylomorph evolution. In the third case, the use of the terminal implies in the exclusion of other taxa from the analysis, therefore not all terminals seen in the matrix can be used at the same analysis.

The phylogenetic analysis (Hennig, 1950, 1966) was carried out with PAUP 4.0b10

(Swofford, 2002), using heuristic search (TBR swapping; 1000 replicates). Most characters were treated as unordered (‘Fitch parsimony’; Fitch, 1971) and equally weighted, but 24 characters were treated as ordered (Wagner Parsimony; Farris, 1970) (for detailed list, see items 1.3 and 1.5). The analysis used the shortest optimization possible between accelerated and delayed transitions (“pset opt=minf;”), and characters were mapped avoiding preferential use of either ACCTRAN or

DELTRAN optimisation. These options were adopted to avoid the influence of a priori assumptions in the analysis. The collapse option for zero length branch was also applied (“pset collapse=minbrlen;”), to avoid the possible grouping of clades unsupported by actual data. Branch decay (Bremer, 1994) was calculated with TreeRot.v3 (Sorenson & Franzosa, 2007) and PAUP.

Bootstrap (Felsenstein, 1985) and jacknife (50% deletion) were calculated in PAUP, with 1000 replicates obtained through fast stepwise addition. Additional and exploratory analyses followed the same procedures, but heuristic search used 200 replicates, and nodal support was not evaluated.

The matrix, character list and list of source data were produced and managed with the use of

Nexus Data Editor, freely available at: http://taxonomy.zoology.gla.ac.uk/rod/NDE/nde.html. This particular matrix editor was considered advantageous, allowing data to be appended directly to the matrix, leading to the detailed character list present here (see item 1.3 of this supplement).

4 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.2.2. Terminals – general information and provenance of data used for scoring

The present list includes information for each terminal included in the matrix, summarizing data on , bibliography, and geology, also providing the numbers of specimens examined. In order to produce a concise list, geographic directions (North, South, etc.) and stratigraphic divisions

(Member, Formation, Group) are in standard abbreviated format. Supplementary terminals are identified by an ‘X’ preceding their names. Loc. = locality; FRAG = fragmentary taxon.

Basal (outgroup)

(1) Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Romer 1972. Data extracted from: Romer (1972; MLP-64-XI-

14-11, MCZ-4116 to 4118), Benton & Clark (1988), Clark (1994). Loc. Los Chañares,

Argentina; Chañares Fm; ?Anisian, Middle .

Basal (non-mesoeucrocodylian) Crocodylomorpha (4.81% of taxa)

(2) Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri Bonaparte, 1971. Data extracted from: Bonaparte (1971).

Loc. Quebrada de los Jachaleros, W La Rioja Province, Argentina; Los Colorados Fm;

Coloradense, Norian, Upper Triassic.

(3) acutus Haughton, 1915. Data extracted from: Haughton (1915, 1924),

Walker (1968, 1970, 1990). Loc. Paballon, Mount Fletcher, Cape Colony, South ;

Elliot Fm; Hettangian–, Lower .

(4) Junggarsuchus sloani Clark et al., 2004. Data extracted from: Clark et al. (2004). Loc.

Wucaiwan, Xinjiang Province, NW China; –Callovian,

(5) richardsoni Brown, 1933. Data extracted from: Colbert & Mook (1951),

Bonaparte (1971), Gow (2000). Loc. Dinosaur Canyon, 15 miles NE Cameron, Arizona,

USA; upper Dinosaur Canyon Mb, Moenave Fm; Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic

(Hettangian?; Tanner & Lucas, 2007).

5 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(6) Hemiprotosuchus leali Bonaparte, 1971. Data extracted from: BSP 1975-I-24 (cast);

Bonaparte (1971; PVL-3829). Loc. Quebrada de los Jachaleros, W La Rioja Province,

Argentina; Los Colorados Fm; Coloradense, Norian, Upper Triassic.

Basal (non-eusuchian) Mesoeucrocodylia (75% of taxa) (7) kielanae Osmolska, 1972. Data extracted from: Osmolska et al. (1997), Storrs

& Efimov (2000; ZPAL-Mg-R-11/67), Turner & Buckley (2008). Loc. Bayn Dzak, Pre-Altai

Gobi, Mongolia; Baruungoyot Svita, Djadokhta Fm; Upper . Obs: possibly senior

synonym of G. parvus Efimov, 1983 (GIN-PST-10/22).

(8) Hsisosuchus chowi Peng & Shu, 2005. Data extracted from: Peng & Shu (2005), (Li & Wu,

2008). Loc. Huidong city, Zigong area, S Sichuan Province, Central China; lower section of

the upper Shaximiao Fm (= Shangshaximiao Fm), Sichuan Basin; .

(9) Hsisosuchus dashanpuensis Gao, 2001. Data extracted from: Gao (2001), (Li & Wu, 2008).

Loc. Dashanpu city, Zigong area, S Sichuan Province, Central China; lower Shaximiao Fm (=

Xiashaximiao Fm), Sichuan Basin; Middle Jurassic.

(10) Hsisosuchus chungkingensis Young & Chow, 1953. Data extracted from: CNMV-1090;

Young & Chow (1953); Li et al. (1994), (Li & Wu, 2008). Loc. Yongchuan city, SW

Chongqing (Chungking) area, S Sichuan Province, China; upper Shaximiao Fm (=

Shangshaximiao Fm), Sichuan Basin; Late Jurassic.

(11) multiscrobiculatus Berckhemer, 1928. Data extracted from: SMNS 9930(type);

Muller-Towe (2006). Loc. Holzmaden, S Germany; Lias, ; , Lower

Jurassic.

(12) herberti. Data extracted from: MNHN-13-1890 (type); Mueller-Towe (2006).

Loc. Villers-sur-mer, Calvados, ; Callovian-Oxfordian, Middle to Upper Jurassic.

Possible syn. of S. durobrivensis. See also Vignaud (1995).

6 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(13) Steneosaurus bollensis (Jaeger, 1828). Data extracted from: BSP 1949-XV-1, BSP 1949-XV,

MB-R-4548, SMNS 3812, SMNS 15391, SMNS 15712a, SMNS 15816, SMNS 17758,

SMNS 59736; Andrews (1913), Muller-Towe (2006). Loc. Swabian and Franconian Jura, S

Germany; Posidonian Shale, N Germany; Whitby, Yorkshire, England; Liassic-Toarcian,

Lower Jurassic.

(14) typus Bronn, 1841. Data extracted from: BMNH 32599, BRSUG 23249

[M1413], BRLSI-M1415, BRLSI-M1416, BRLSI-M1418, BRLSI-M1420, BSP 1925-I-34,

BSP 1990-XVIII-68, NMING-F-16684, SMNS 52034, SMNS 80066; Muller-Towe (2006),

Pierce & Benton (2006). Loc. Amaye-sur-Orne, Caen, and Curcy, France; Ilminster,

Somerset, S England; Nabern near Kirchheim, S Germany; Holzmaden, Bad Boll, Ohmden

and Ohmdenhausen, Swabian Jura, S Germany; Whitby (Upper Liassic), England; Upper

Liassic; Toarcian, late Lower Jurassic. Note that data includes P. moorei as junior synonym of

P. typus, following Pierce & Benton (2006).

(15) Cricosaurus araucanensis (Gasparini & Dellape, 1976). Data extracted from: MLP-72-IV-7-

1(type), MLP-72-IV-7-2; Gasparini & Dellapé (1976) , Fernández & Gasparini (2000, 2008),

Fernández & Herrera (2009), Herrera et al. (2009). Loc. Argentina; Vaca Muerta Fm,

Mendoza Group, Neuquen Basin; Tithonian-Berriasian, Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous.

(16) Cricosaurus suevicus (Fraas, 1901). Data extracted from: SMNS 9808(type), SMNS

uncategorized; Fraas (1901, 1902), Buffetaut (1981), Vignaud (1995). Loc. Switzerland;

Tithonian, Upper Jurassic.

(17) Rhacheosaurus gracilis Von Meyer, 1831. Data extracted from: BMNH R3948, MB-R-3635;

Young & Andrade (2009). Germany; lower Tithonian (hybonotum ammonite zone), Upper

Jurassic.

7 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(18) superciliosus (Blainville, 1853). Data extracted from: MNHN-1908-6,

SMNS 10115, SMNS 10116 (=M. moreli); Andrews (1913). Loc. outcrops at England and

France; Callovian, Middle Jurassic.

(19) “” carpenteri Wilkinson et al., 2008 (= carpenteri, in Young &

Andrade, 2009; =Torvoneustes carpenteri, in Andrade et al., 2010). Data extracted from:

BRSMG Ce17365(type), BRSMG Cd7203; Grange & Benton (1996), Wilkinson et al. (2008),

Andrade (2010), Andrade et al. (2010). Loc. Westbury, Wiltshire, England; Kimmeridge Clay

Fm (mutabilis to eudoxus zones); Upper , Upper Jurassic.

(20) Dakosaurus maximus (Plieninger, 1846). Data extracted from: SMNS 8203(neotype), SMNS

81834, BMNH 35766; Young & Andrade (2009), Andrade (2010), Andrade et al. (2010).

Loc. Several outcrops in England, Germany and France inclide specimens referred to the

taxon; Upper Kimmeridgian-Lower Tithonian, Upper Jurassic.

(21) Dakosaurus andiniensis Vignaud & Gasparini, 1996. Data extracted from: Gasparini et al.

(2006), Pol & Gasparini (2009). Loc. provinces of Neuquen and Mendoza, Argentina; Vaca

Muerta Fm, Mendoza Group + Neuquen Group, Neuquen Basin; Tithonian-Berriasian, Upper

Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous.

(22) Geosaurus giganteus (von Sommerring, 1816). Data extracted from: BMNH R-1229, BMNH

R-1230; Young & Andrade (2009), Andrade (2010), Andrade et al. (2010). Loc. Daiting, near

Monheim, Bayern, SW Germany; Mörnsheim Fm; early Tithonian (uppermost hybonotum

Tethys ammonite zone), Upper Jurassic.

(23) Geosaurus grandis (Wagner, 1858). Data extracted from: BSP AS-VI-1; Young & Andrade

(2009), Andrade (2010), Andrade et al. (2010). Loc. Baden-Württemberg, Germany; upper

Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic.

(24) Geosaurus sp. SMNS 81834. Data extracted from: SMNS 81834; Andrade (2010), Andrade

et al. (2010). Loc. Nusplingen, Zollernalbkreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Hoelderi

8 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

horizon, Nusplingen Plattenkalk - Malm Zeta 1, Beckeri tethys ammonite-zone; upper

Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic.

(25) terrestris Woodward, 1896. Data extracted from: MACN-Pv-N-22, MACN-Pv-

N-23, MACN-Pv-N-24, MACN-Pv-N-43, MACN-Pv-N-107, MACN-Pv-RN-1015, MACN-

Pv-RN-1037, MACN-Pv-RN-1038, MACN-Pv-RN-1039, MACN-Pv-RN-1040, MACN-Pv-

RN-1041, MACN-Pv-RN-1043, MACN-Pv-RN-1044, MACN-Pv-RN-1045, MACN-Pv-RN-

1046, MACN-Pv-RN-1047, MACN-Pv-RN-1048, MACN-Pv-RN-1118, MACN-Pv-RN-

1119, MLP-64-IV-16-1, MLP-64-IV-16-5(253) (lectotype), MLP-64-IV-16-6(203), MLP-64-

IV-16-7(219), MLP-64-IV-16-8(209), MLP-64-IV-16-9(201), MLP-64-IV-16-10(221), MLP-

64-IV-16-11, MLP-64-IV-16-12, MLP-64-IV-16-13, MLP-64-IV-16-14, MLP-64-IV-16-15,

MLP-64-IV-16-16, MLP-64-IV-16-17, MLP-64-IV-16-18, MLP-64-IV-16-20, MLP-64-IV-

16-21, MLP-64-IV-16-22, MLP-64-IV-16-23, MLP-64-IV-16-24, MLP-64-IV-16-25, MLP-

64-IV-16-28, MLP-64-IV-16-30, MLP-64-IV-16-31(206), MPCA-Pv-528; MPCA-Pv-789/1;

MPCA-Pv-791; Woodward (1896), Gasparini (1971), Bonaparte (1991, 1996), Andrade &

Bertini (2008b), Fiorelli & Calvo (2008). Loc. several outcrops at Neuquén and Rio Negro

provinces, Argentina; Bajo de La Carpa Fm, Neuquén Group, Neuquén Basin; -

Campanian, Upper Cretaceous.

(26) amarali Carvalho & Bertini, 1999. Data extracted from: MN-6298-V, MN-

6756-V, UFRJ-DG-50-R(type), UFRJ-DG-56-R, UFRJ-DG-105-R, UFRJ-DG-106-R, UFRJ-

DG-115-R, URC-R-67, URC-R-68, URC-R-69; Carvalho & Bertini (1999), Andrade (2005),

Zaher et al. (2006), Andrade & Bertini (2008bc). Loc. Rio do Peixe, N São Paulo State,

Brazil; Aracatuba Fm, , Bauru Basin; , Upper Cretaceous.

(27) Yacarerani boliviensis Novas et al., 2009. Data extracted from: Novas et al. (2009; MNK-

PAL5063, MNK-PAL5064). Loc. Amboro National Park, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia;

Cajones Fm; (Lopez, 1975; Aguilera et al., 1989), Upper Cretaceous.

9 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(28) navae Nobre & Carvalho, 2006. Data extracted from: UFRJ-DG-107-

R(type), UFRJ-DG-216-R; Nobre & Carvalho (2006). Loc. Rio do Peixe, N São Paulo State,

Brazil; Aracatuba Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian, Upper Cretaceous.

(29) arrudai Marinho & Carvalho, 2009. Data extracted from: Marinho &

Carvalho (2009; UFRJ-DG-303-R). Loc. General Salgado, NW São Paulo State, Brazil;

Adamantina Fm, Group, Bauru Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(30) huenei Price, 1950. Data extracted from: RCL-100; Pol (2003); Andrade &

Bertini (2008a). Loc. N São Paulo State, Brazil; Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin;

Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(31) Sphagesaurus montealtensis Andrade & Bertini, 2008a. Data extracted from: MPMA-15-

0001/90; Andrade & Bertini (2008a). Loc. Monte Alto, N São Paulo State, Brazil;

Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(32) DGM-1411-R (=Sphagesaurus aff, huenei; Andrade & Bertini, 2008a); fragmentary form.

Data extracted from: DGM-1411-R; Andrade & Bertini (2008a). Loc. SW São Paulo State,

SW Brazil; Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper

Cretaceous.

(33) brachybuccalis Bonaparte 1991. Data extracted from: MUCPV-202(type),

MACN-30, MOZ-P-6131; Bonaparte (1991), Martinelli (2003). Loc. outcrop at a plateau by

the Universidad Nacional Del Comahue, Neuquén City, Neuquén Province, Argentina; and

outcrop at La Isla, Paso Córdova, Rio Negro Province, Argentina; Bajo de La Carpa Fm,

Neuquén Group, Neuquén Basin; Santonian-Campanian, Upper Cretaceous.

(34) pachecoi Price, 1945. Data extracted from: DGM-299-R, FEF-R-1-9, URC-R-

unnumbered; Price (1945), Riff (2003, 2007), Riff & Kellner (2001), Arruda et al. (2004;

UFRJ-DG 288 R), Avilla et al. (2004; UFRJ-DG 262-R); Carvalho et al. (2005; MPMA 62-

0001-02); Vasconcellos & Carvalho (2007). Loc. 72 km SW of Vila do Veadinho (type

10 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

locality), Paulo de Faria city + several other localities spread at the N-NW São Paulo State,

Brazil; Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper

Cretaceous. Note that B. salgadoensis Carvalho et al. 2005 is treated here as junior synonym

to B. pachecoi.

(35) maxhechti Campos et al., 2001. Data extracted from: DGM 1477-R, URC-R-

73; Campos et al. (2001), Riff (2003, 2007); Pinheiro et al. (2008). Loc. N-NW São Paulo

State, Brazil; Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper

Cretaceous.

(36) mwakasyungutiensis Gomani, 1997. Data extracted from: Gomani (1997; MAL-

45 and 32 other spp). Loc. Undetermined outcrop at Mwakasyunguti area, Karonga District, N

Malawi; "Malawi ", ?-; Lower Cretaceous.

(37) itapecuruense Carvalho & Campos, 1988. Data extracted from: UFRJ-DG-113-R,

UFRJ-DG-114-R; Carvalho & Campos (1988), Carvalho (1994), Nobre & Carvalho (2002).

Loc. undetermined outcrop at Itapecuru-Mirim river ("close to the bridge at BR-222"),

vicinities of Itapecuru-Mirim city, N Maranhão State, NE Brazil; undetermined layer within

Itapecuru Gr, São Luis-Grajau Basin; , mid Cretaceous.

(38) aznarezi Rusconi, 1933. Data extracted from: Rusconi (1933), Price (1959),

Andrade (2005), Andrade & Bertini (2005), Soto (2005), Soto et al. (2008ab). Loc.

unidentified site, Guichón Villa, Paysandú Province, W Uruguay; Guichón Fm, Araripe

Basin; Albian-Cenomanian, middle Cretaceous. Note that U. terrai is considered as junior

synonym to U. aznarezi, following recommendation by Andrade (2005), Andrade & Bertini

(2005), and Soto (pers. comm., 2005).

(39) patagonicus Ortega et al., 2000. Data extracted from: MUCPv-267, MUCPv-

268, MUCPv-269 (holotype); Ortega et al. (2000). Loc. El Chocon (Embalse Ezequiel Ramos

11 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Mexia), Neuquén Province, NW Patagonia, W Argentina; Candeleros Mb, Rio Limay Fm,

Neuquén Gr, Neuquén Basin; Albian-Cenomanian, mid Cretaceous.

(40) Araripesuchus gomesii Price, 1959. Data extracted from: Price (1959; DGM-423-R), Hecht

(1991; AMNH-24450). Loc. Ladeira do Berlenga, Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil; Romualdo Mb,

Santana Fm, ; Aptian-Albian, Lower Cretaceous.

(41) Araripesuchus wegeneri Buffetaut, 1981. Data extracted from: MNHN GDF-700, MNHN

unnumbered cast (MNN-GAD-19); Buffetaut & Taquet (1979), Buffetaut (1981, 1982),

Ortega et al. (2000), Prasad & Broin (2002), Pol & Apesteguia (2005), Sereno & Larssom

(2009). Loc. outcrop near Gadoufaoua, Agadez Province, ; Elrhaz Fm, Tegama Basin;

Aptian, Lower Cretaceous.

(42) Araripesuchus buitreraensis Pol & Apesteguia, 2005. Data extracted from: Pol & Apesteguia

(2005). Loc. "La Buitrera", 30 km NE from Cerro Policia, Rio Negro Province, Patagonia,

Argentina; Candeleros Mb, Rio Limay Fm, Neuquén Gr, Neuquén Basin; Cenomanian-

Turonian, Upper Cretaceous.

(43) Araripesuchus tsangatsangana Turner, 2006. Data extracted from: Turner (2006). Loc. MAD

93-33, ~5km S of Berivotra village, NW ; Maevarano Fm, Mahajanga Basin;

Campanian?-Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(44) Crato notosuchian (=cf. Araripesuchus; Frey & Salisbury, 2007). Data extracted from: SMNK

PAL6404; Frey & Salisbury (2007), E. Frey (pers. comm., 2008). Loc. unidentified outcrop,

Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil; Crato Mb, Santana Fm, Araripe Basin; Aptian-Albian, Lower

Cretaceous.

(45) brevirostris Stromer, 1914. Data extracted from BSPG 1912-VIII-574; Stromer

(1914). Loc. unknown outcrop, ; Cenomanian, middle Cretaceous.

(46) Lomasuchus palpebrosus Gasparini et al., 1991. Data extracted from: Gasparini et al. (1991;

MOZ-4084-PV). Loc. Los Barreales (Embalze Cerros Colorados), Neuquén Province, NW

12 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Patagonia, W Argentina; Rio Colorado Fm, Neuquén Gr, Neuquén Basin; Coniacian-

Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(47) arrudacamposi Carvalho et al., 2007. Loc. Monte Alto, N São Paulo State,

Brazil; Adamantina Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper

Cretaceous.

(48) terrificus Carvalho et al., 2004. Data extracted from: Carvalho et al. (2004;

CPPLIP-630), Vasconcellos (2006). Loc. Caieira outcrop, Peiropolis, Uberaba Municipality,

S Minas Gerais State, SE Brazil; Marilia Fm, Bauru Group, Bauru Basin; Campanian-

Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(49) Cf. rebouli, Buffetaut, 1994. Data was coded for specimens referred to H.

rebouli by Larsson & Sues (2007; mainly ROM-52620), not the type material. Therefore, the

use of Cf. H. rebouli. Loc. SE ; Kem Kem beds; Albian-Cenomanian, middle

Cretaceous.

(50) camposi Kellner, 1987. Data extracted from: MN-4812-V (=CD-R-041, in

Kellner, 1987); Kellner (1987), Buffetaut (1991), Gasparini et al. (1991). Loc.: unknown

outcrop, Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil; Romualdo Mb, Santana Fm, Araripe Basin; Aptian–

Albian, Lower Cretaceous.

(51) icaeorhinus Simpson, 1937. Data extracted from: Colbert (1946). Loc. Canadon

Hondo and Canadon Vaca, tributaries to the Rio Chico del Chubut, Chubut, Patagonia,

Argentina; Casamayor Fm; early–middle Eocene, Tertiary. Obs.: the scoring of characters

included here is much restricted and based in the isolated fragments, as described and

ilustrated by Colbert (1946), not in the reconstruction of the specimen.

(52) Bergisuchus dietrichtbergi Kuhn; fragmentary taxon. Data extracted from: BRSUG -19323,

BRSUG 19324 [Me 7003 HLD], GM-XVIII-49-1959; Rossmann et al. (2000). Loc.

Germany; Lutetian, middle Eocene, Tertiary.

13 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(53) Sebecian indet. SMNS 81977; fragmentary form. Data extracted from: SMNS 81977. Loc.

indet., Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil; Santana Fm, Araripe Basin; Aptian-Albian, Lower

Cretaceous.

(54) minor Sereno et al., 2003. Data extracted from: Sereno et al. (2003; MNN-GAD-

603); Sereno & Larsson (2009; MNN-GAD-17, MNN-GAD-18). Loc. Gadoufaoua, Agadez

District, Niger; Elrhaz Fm, Tegama Group, Tegama Basin; Aptian, Lower Cretaceous. Note

that holotype MNN-GAD-603 was previously referred to as MNN-GDF-603 by Sereno et al.

(2003).

(55) saharicus Sereno & Larsson, 2009. Data extracted from: Sereno & Larsson

(2009; MNN-IGU-12). Loc. Iguidi (W of In Abangharit), Agadez District, Niger; Echkar Fm,

Tegama Gr; Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous.

(56) insignis Buckley & Brochu, 1999. Data extracted from: Buckley & Brochu

(1999), Turner & Buckley (2008). Loc. 1km SW Berivotra Village, SW Mahajanga, NW

Madagascar; Maevarano Fm, Mahajanga Basin; Campanian-Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(57) pusillus Owen, 1878b. Data extracted from: Owen (1878b, 1879), Joffe (1967),

Norell & Clark (1990), Salisbury (2002), Schwarz (2002); BMNH 48216(lectotype), BMNH

48218, BMNH 48226, BMNH 48240, BMNH 48262, BMNH 48279, BMNH

48330(paratype). Loc. Durlston Bay, Swanage, Dorset County, Jurassic Coast, S-SW

England; “Beccles’ residuary marls” (beds 83–93; Clements, 1993), Worbarrow Tout Mb

(sensu Westhead & Mather, 1996), Lulworth Fm, Purbeck Limestone Group; Berriasian,

Lower Cretaceous.

(58) Theriosuchus guimarotae Schwarz & Salisbury, 2005. Data extracted from: Schwarz &

Salisbury (2005). Loc. Guimarota coal mine, Leiria, NW Portugal; lower (Fundschichten) to

upper (Ruafolge) lignite coal layer of Guimarota Strata, Alcobaça Fm; Kimmeridgian, Upper

Jurassic.

14 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(59) Stolokrosuchus lapparenti Larsson & Gado, 2000. Data extracted from: Larsson & Gado

(2000; MNN-GDF-600), Turner & Buckley (2008). Loc. outcrop 140km SE Agadez,

Republic of Niger; GAD 5, Elrhaz Fm; Aptian, Lower Cretaceous.

(60) valliceps Tykoski et al., 2002. Data extracted from: Tykoski et al. (2002);

(digital model of) TMM-43631-1. Loc. ‘‘Calsoyasuchus hill’’ field number TR 97/09, N Gold

Spring drainage basin, Adeii Eechii Cliffs, Navajo Nation, Coconino County, Arizona, USA;

silty facies of Kayenta Fm (Harshbarger et al., 1957; Clark & Fastovsky, 1986); Sinemurian–

Pliensbachian, Lower Jurassic.

(61) delfsi Mook, 1967. Data extracted from: Mook (1967; CMNH-8028),

Buffetaut & Ingavat (1980); see also Smith et al. (2010). Loc. Canon City, Colorado, USA;

Morrison Fm, Morrison Basin; Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic.

(62) junggarensis Wu et al., 1996. Data extracted from: Wu et al. (1996). Loc.

Pingfengshan, Shaqiuhe Area, Xinjiang Province, NW China; Shishugou Fm, Shishugou Gr,

Junggar Basin; ?Oxfordian (see Schellhorn et al., 2009), Upper Jurassic.

(63) Sunosuchus thailandicus Buffetaut & Ingavat, 1980; fragmentary taxon. Data extracted from:

Buffetaut & Ingavat (1980), Wu et al. (1996). Loc. Amphoe Nong Bua Lam Phu, ;

Phu Kradung Fm, Khorat Gr, Khorat Basin; Late Jurassic– (Buffetaut &

Suteethorn, 2007).

(64) Sunosuchus miaoi Young, 1948. Data extracted from: Buffetaut & Ingavat (1980), Wu et al.

(1996). Loc. Kansu, China; Hokou series; Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (see Schellhorn et

al., 2009).

(65) Siamosuchus phuphokensis Lauprasert et al., 2007. Data extracted from: Lauprasert et al.

(2007; PPC-1). Loc. Phu Phok, Kok Prasil Sub-district, Phu Phan District, Sakon Nakhon

Province, NE Thailand; Sao Khua Fm, Khorat Gr; pre-Aptian, Lower Cretaceous.

15 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(66) Amphicotylus lucasii Cope, 1878 (=Goniopholis lucasii; as in Cope, 1979). Data extracted

from: Mook (1942; AMNH 5782), D. Pol (pers. comm. 2010); DB8316 (cast). USA;

Morrison Fm, Morrison Basin; Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic.

(67) gracilidens Owen, 1879 (=Goniopholis gracilidens, as in Salisbury 2002). Data

extracted from: BMNH 48217(type); Owen (1879), Salisbury (2002), Schwarz (2002). Loc.

Durlston Bay, Swanage, Dorset County, Jurassic Coast, S-SW England; “Beccles’ residuary

marls” (beds 83–93; Clements, 1993), Worbarrow Tout Mb (sensu Westhead & Mather,

1996), Lulworth Fm, Purbeck Limestone Group; Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous.

(68) Goniopholis simus Owen, 1878. Data extracted from: BMNH 41098(type), BMNH R5814;

Ballerstedt casts BMNH R5259, BMNH R5260, R-5261 and R-5262; Owen (1878),

Salisbury et al. (1999; IPB-R-359), Salisbury (2002), Schwarz (2002), Karl et al. (2006),

Andrade (2009), Hornung et al. (2009). Loc. Swanage, Dorset County, Jurassic Coast, S-SW

England; further referred materials from Schaumburg-Lippe Region, NW Germany; Purbeck

Limestone Group (UK) and Obernkirchen Sandstone, Buckeburg Member (Germany);

Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous.

(69) Goniopholis kiplingi. Data extracted from: DORCM-12154; Andrade (2009), Andrade (2010),

Andrade & Hornung (2011). Loc. Durlston Bay, Swanage, Dorset County, Jurassic Coast, S-

SW England; Bed 129b (Clements 1993), Intemarine beds (sensu Wimbledon, 1995), Stair

Hole Mb (sensu Westhead & Mather 1996), Durlston Fm, Purbeck Limestone Group;

Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous.

(70) Goniopholis baryglyphaeus Schwarz, 2002. Data extracted from: "Gui Croc 1" (type);

Schwarz (2002). Loc. Guimarota coal mine, Leiria, Portugal; Lower lignite coal layer

(`Fundschichten'), `Guimarota Strata', Alcobaca Fm; Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic. The type

was originally assigned to a single number (IPFUB Gui Croc 1, from 1/1 to 1/48), but as the

Guimarota material was returned to the Geology Museum at Lisbon, a set of numbers was

16 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

applyied to the specimen (MG-26002 to MG-26045, and MG-26110 to MG-26115).

Therefore, the type specimen became identified by a range of numbers, instead by a single

one. The main section of the type is encompassed by the skull (MG-26014, previously Gui

Croc 1/1) with left jugal (MG-26019, Gui Croc 1/7), and anterior section of the rostrum (MG-

26015, MG-26016 and MG-26017; respectively, Gui Croc 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4).

(71) indet (=Goniopholis crassidens, as in Hooley, 1907). Data extracted from:

BMNH R3876; Hooley (1907), Salisbury (2002), Andrade (2009). Loc. "Tie Pits", Atherfield

Point, Isle of Wight, Jurassic Coast, S-SW England; "80 to 90 feet below the top of the

Wealden Shales" (Hooley 1907:50), Purbeck Limestone Group; Berriasian, Lower

Cretaceous.

(72) Goniopholididae indet (=Goniopholis simus, as in Dollo, 1883). Data extracted from IRSNB

R47; Dollo (1883), Hooley (1907), Salisbury et al. (1999), Schwarz (2002), Andrade (2009).

Loc. Bernissart; Sainte-Barbe Clays Fm (previouslu, `Wealden formations'), mid-

to early Aptian, Lower Cretaceous (Yans et al. 2006).

(73) Goniopholididae indet (=Goniopholis simus, as in Hulke, 1878; ‘Mr Willett's crocodilian

skull’, as in Salisbury, 1998). Data extracted from: BMNHB-001876, Hulke (1878), Salisbury

(1998), Schwarz (2002), Andrade (2009). Loc. unkonwn locality, ?Dorset County, Jurassic

Coast, S-SW England; ?Purbeck Limestone Group; ?Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous.

(74) schaumburgensis Meyer, 1841. Data extracted from casts MB-R-1965, MB-R-

1966, MB-R-1967, MB-R-1969, MB-R-1969-1, MB-R-1970-1. Loc. quarry near Harrel im

Furstentum, Schaumburg-Lippe Region, NW Germany; Obernkirchen Sandstone, Buckeburg

Member; Berriasian, Lower Cretaceous. This taxon was considered a junior synonym of

Pholidosaurus burbeckensis (Mansel-Pleydell, 1888) by Salisbury et al. (1999) and Salisbury

(2002).

17 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(75) hartti (Marsh, 1896) (=Crocodilus hartii; also =Goniopholis hartii as in Mawson

& Woodward, 1907; =S. hartii, as in Buffetaut & Taquet, 1977). Data extracted from: BMNH

R3423(type), BMNH R2983, BMNH R3224, BMNH R3422; Mawson & Woodward (1907),

Buffetaut & Taquet (1977). Loc. outcrop at vicinities of Setubal, Bahia State, NE Brazil;

Lower Cretaceous.

(76) Sarcosuchus imperator Broin & Taquet, 1966. Data extracted from: MNHN GDF-662; Broin

& Taquet (1966), Buffetaut & Taquet (1977), Sereno et al. (2001). Loc. outcrop in the

vicinities of the Gadoufaoua, Agadez Province, Niger; Elrhaz Fm, Tegama Basin; Aptian,

Lower Cretaceous.

(77) cherifensis (Lavocat, 1955) (=Thoracosuchus cherifensis Lavocat, 1955). Data

extracted from: MNHN MRS-330, MNHN MRS-340-II. MNHN SAM-129; Broin (2002).

Loc. several localities at N Africa (Morocco, , , Ethiopia); Hamadas of Kem

Kem beds; late Albian, mid Cretaceous.

(78) leptognathus Buffetaut & Hutt, 1980. Data extracted from: Buffetaut & Hutt

(1980); SMNS 50984 (type). Loc. Isle of Wight, S England; Vectis Fm, Wealden Group,

Wessex Sub-basin; Barremian–?early Aptian, Early Cretaceous.

(79) maghribensis Jouve et al., 2006. Data extracted from: IRSNB R146, OCP-DEK-

252, OCP-DEK-253, OCP-DEK-255; Jouve et al. (2006). Loc. Boujniba - Khouribga,

Morocco; "Layer 1", Oulad Abdoun Basin; , lower Eocene.

(80) Dyrosaurus phosphaticus (Thomas, 1893). Data extracted from: IRScNB unnumbered spp. A-

G; Jouve et al. (2006). Loc. N Djebel Teldj, near Metlaoui, Tunisia; "phosphate layer";

Ypresian, lower Eocene.

(81) Congosaurus bequaerti Dollo, 1914. Data extracted from: DG-MCB single specimen,

registered under several numbers: 1741abc, 1742abc, 1806, 1809-1811, 1813-1819, 1823,

1839, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1870, 1871, 1887, 1894; Dollo (1914), Swinton (1950), Jouve &

18 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Schwarz (2004), Schwarz et al. (2006), Schwarz-Wings et al. (2009). Loc. Bed no. 8,

Landana, Cabinda, District, Congo; Montian, Paleocene.

(82) Guarinisuchus munisi Barbosa et al., 2008. Data extracted from: Barbosa et al. (2008); Loc.

Poty Quarry, Paulista, NE of Pernambuco State, Brazil; Maria Farinha Fm, Paraiba Basin;

Late Danian, Early Paleocene.

(83) Rugosuchus nonganensis Wu et al., 2001. Data extracted from: Wu et al. (2001a; IGV 33, IGV

31, IGV 32). Fulongquan Township, Nong’an County, Jilin Province, NE China; upper part of

Nenjiang Fm, Song-Liao Basin; latest Early Cretaceous.

(84) fagesi Dollo, 1883. Data extracted from: IRScNB-R-46/ IRSNB-1538 (lectotype;

both numbers are marked on the spp, but ''R-46'' alone applies to the skull); Dollo (1883),

Buffetaut (1975), Norell & Clark (1990). Loc. Bernissart, Belgium; Berriasian–Barremian,

Lower Cretaceous.

Eusuchia (19.23% of taxa) (85) Susisuchus anatoceps Salisbury et al., 2003. Data extracted from: SMNK PAL3804 (type);

Salisbury et al. (2003, 2006), Figueiredo & Kellner (2009), Figueiredo et al. (2009). Loc.

Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil; Crato Mb, Santana Fm, Araripe Basin; Aptian-Albian, Lower

Cretaceous.

(86) duncani Salisbury et al., 2006. Data extracted from: Salisbury et al. (2006; QM-F-

36211, QM-F-44320). Loc. outcrop near Isisford, Queensland, ; Winton Fm; Albian-

Cenomanian, middle Cretaceous.

(87) precedens Nopcsa, 1928. Data extracted from Delfino et al. (2008; PSMUBB-

V-438). Loc. Oarda de Jos, near Sebes River, Metaliferi area, Alba District, Romania; Sard

Fm, Transylvanian Basin; Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous.

(88) makadii Osi et al., 2007. Data extracted from: Osi et al. (2007), Osi (2008).

Loc. Bauxite mine at Iharkut, Bakony Mountains, W Hungary; Csehbanya Fm; Santonian,

19 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Upper Cretaceous. Obs: morphological information on the jugal is limited due to putative

interpretation of sutures, given by Osi (2007) and Osi et al. (2007).

(89) vectiana Owen, 1874. Data extracted from: BMNH R-177 (type); Clark &

Norell (1992). Loc. Isle of Wight, England; Vectis Fm; Barremian, Lower Cretaceous.

(90) Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1879), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1935-6-4-1, BMNH

1946-1-7-3, BMNH 1996-7-7-4, BMNH 2005-1601, BRSMG Ad4657, BRSMG Ad5644;

TMM-M-5490(*); Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. river systems of Brahmaputra, Indus, Ganges,

Mahanadi; Burma, Buthan, , Nepal and Pakistan.

(91) Piscogavialis jugalisperforatus Kraus, 1998. Data extracted from: Kraus (1999). Loc. S Peru;

“Montemar vertebrate level”, Pisco Fm, Sacaco Basin; –Pliocene, .

(92) lerichei Dollo, 1907. Data extracted from: IRScNB-R-49; Delfino et al. (2005). Loc.

Jeumont (Maubeuge, Nord Department), Erquelinnes fossiliferous area, S Belgium (near the

Belgium-France border); Grandglise Mb, Hannut Fm; Thanetian, upper Paleocene.

(93) Tomistoma schlegelii (Muller, 1838), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1948-10-31-19,

TMM-M-6342(*); Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. low-energy freshwater systems of Indonesia

and Malaysia.

(94) niloticus (Laurenti, 1768), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1949-1-1-2,

MNHN-REP-102; Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. river systems of several African countries,

most noticeably Nile River, Egypt.

(95) Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1929-2-225-3803,

BMNH 1943-8-18-4, BMNH 1947-3-5-33, BRSMG Ad5636; Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr.

freshwater to brackish areas of several countries, from SE Asia to Australia.

(96) Osteolaemus tetraspis (Cope, 1861), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1961-3-20-8, BMNH

1962-6-30-5, BRSMG Ad5664, SMNK 885; FMNH-98936(*); Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr.

20 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

swamps to low-energy river systems within forested areas of several countries in West to

Central Africa.

(97) Voay robustus (Grandidier & Vaillant, 1872). Data extracted from: BMNH R2026, BMNH

unnumbered spp A and B; Brochu (1999, 2007). Loc. multiple localities, incl. Antsirabe and

Ampoza, Madagascar; undetermine formation / basin; late Pleistocene-Holocene, Late

Quaternary.

(98) Brachychampsa montana Gilmore, 1911. Data extracted from: Norell et al. (1994), Brochu

(1999). Loc. outcrop 25 miles SW Lismas, Dawson County, E Montana State (with referred

from SW North Dakota and N South Dakota), USA; (Upper?) Hell Creek Fm; ?Maastrichtian,

Upper Cretaceous.

(99) Diplocynodon ratelli Pomel, 1847. Data extracted from: MNHN-SG539 (type), MNHN-

SG554, MNHN-SG565, MNHN-SG569, MNHN-SG9461; Brochu (1999, 2007). Loc.: Saint-

Gerard-le-Puy, Allier Department, France; Miocene (Aquitanian), Late Tertiary (Neogene).

(100) Alligator mississipiensis (Daudin, 1801), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 290, BMNH

1973-2-21-2, BMNH 1974-3010, BMNH 1975-1424, BMNH II-1-i; TMM-M-983(*); Brochu

(1999, 2007). Distr. swamp to low-energy river systems of SE United States, most noticeably

in Florida State.

(101) Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758), extant. Data extracted from: URC-R-76, BRSMG

Ad5661; FMNH-73711(*); Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. wetland to river systems of several

countries in South and Central America, most noticeably in the Amazon and Parana drainage

basins, in Brazil.

(102) Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1801), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 2008-270, BMNH

unnumbered; Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. wetland to river systems of (incl.

Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay), most noticeably in the Parana drainage basin.

21 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(103) Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825), extant. Data extracted from: BMNH 1945-8-25-126;

Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. wetland to river systems of several countries in South and Central

America, most noticeably in the Amazon drainage basin, in Brazil.

(104) Paleosuchus: P. trigonatus (Schneider, 1801) and P. palpebrosus (Cuvier 1807), extant. Data

extracted from: P. trigonatus BMNH 1968-10-8-1; Brochu (1999, 2007). Distr. flooded

forests to river systems of several countries in South America, most noticeably in the Amazon

drainage basin, Brazil.

Additional taxa (105) Denazinosuchus kirtlandicus (Wiman, 1932) (=Goniopholis kirtlandicus Wiman, 1932).

Data extracted from: Wiman (1932; PMU R232), Lucas & Sullivan (2003). Loc. New

Mexico, USA; De-na-zin Mb, Kirtland Fm, San Juan Basin; upper Campanian, Upper

Cretaceous.

(106) “Goniopholis” phuwiangensis Buffetaut & Ingavat, 1983; fragmentary taxon. Data extracted

from: cast BMNH R9808; Buffetaut & Ingavat (1983; TF 1478). Loc. Phu Phratu Teema, Phu

Wiang mountain, Amphoe Phu Wiang, Changwat Khon Kaen, Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand;

Sao Khua Fm, Khorat Gr; pre-Aptian, Lower Cretaceous.

(107) ALTSiamosuchus. Alternative coding for genus Siamosuchus. Suprageneric terminal,

assuming a priory exclusive relationship between Siamosuchus phuphokensis and

“Goniopholis” phuwiangensis. When this terminal is active, both Siamosuchus and

“Goniopholis” phuwiangensis must be inactive.

22 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.2.3. Character list

Character list (486 characters) used for the phylogenetic analysis herein. Overall, characters are organized in anatomical order, from anterior snout and caudally to the tail, limbs and dermal armor.

In each main section of the skull and postcranium, characters related to fossae and other evident elements in the anatomy (crests, spines, etc) precede the remaining characters. This particular organization facilitates the cross-checking of scores and avoids the use of co-dependent characters.

Comments on the characters and codings are in italics (including names of taxa), and precede the description of states. ‘ORD’ = ordered characters.

General (1.85% of characters)

1. Skull height, in posterior view (Clark 1994, ch3mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch02):

0. skull higher than wide, or subequal

1. skull evidently wider than high

2. Skull geometry, relative position of row, quadrate articular facet and occipital

condyle (Wu & Sues 1996, 24mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch46mod; Pol 2003, ch104mod;

Turner & Buckley 2008, ch105mod):

In its original format, the character assumed that the tooth row is always below the occipital

condyle, which is not always true (e.g., Pelagosaurus). The original format was modified

because in Mesoeucrocodylia each of its components (height of occipital condyle, quadrate

condyle and tooth row) will relate to each other independently, therefore demanding more

than the original three states to reflect their geometrical relationships. Note also differences

from the original codings, and also the lack of agreement on the codings by different

authors, for the original format.

23 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. tooth row and quadrate condyle aligned, both at a lower level than the occipital

condyle

1. tooth row at a lower level than the quadrate condyle, which is aligned to the occipital

condyle

2. tooth row quadrate and occipital condyle all aligned in the same plane

3. tooth row and occipital condyle aligned, but quadrate condyle at a slightly lower

level

4. tooth row and quadrate condyle unaligned and quadrate at a lower level, but both

below the occipital condyle

5. tooth row and quadrate condyle unaligned and tooth row at a lower level, but both

below the occipital condyle

3. Skull geometry, relative position of tooth row and occipital condyle (Wu & Sues 1996,

24mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch46mod; Pol 2003, ch104mod; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch105mod):

0. unaligned, tooth row at a lower level than occipital condyle

1. tooth row and occipital condyle aligned in the same plane

4. Skull geometry, relative position of quadrate and occipital condyles (Wu & Sues 1996,

24mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch46mod; Pol 2003, ch104mod; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch105mod):

0. unaligned, quadrate condyle at a lower level than the occipital condyle

1. quadrate and occipital condyles aligned in the same plane

5. Rostrum, length relative to the total skull length (Wu & Sues 1996, ch4mod; Ortega et

24 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

al. 2000, ch3+4mod):

Total skull length (SL) = anteriormost border of premaxilla to posteriormost border of

parietal. Note that decrease in rostrum/skull proportion can be achieved in two ways: (i) by

shortening of the rostrum; or by (ii) elongation of the posterior section of the skull

(basicranium, skull table); condition (ii) is verified at least in dyrosaurids and

thalattosuchians. Longirostrine condition may be masked by (ii), while a false mesorostrine

condition (coded as 1) may achieved directly from (3) by combination of (i) and (ii).

Therefore, ordering o this character is prevented.

0. brevirostrine, rostrum length no more than 55% of the total length

1. mesorostrine, rostrum length shorter than 67% of the total length

2. sublongirostrine, rostrum length longer than 66% of the total length, but not longer

than 70%

3. longirostrine, rostrum length longer than 70% of the total length

6. ORD Rostrum, relation between height and width (Clark 1994, ch3mod):

State (1) does not imply the rostrum will be tubular, although a tubular rostrum is most

likely (1) in proportion.

0. wider than high, platyrostral

1. height and width subequal

2. higher than wide, oreinrostral

7. ORD Rostrum, relation with the skull at maturity, in dorsal view (Clark 1994, ch2):

0. rostrum well defined, broadening abruptly at orbits

1. rostrum poorly defined, smoothly broadening and fitting the skull at orbits

25 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. rostrum poorly defined, as broad as skull or slightly wider, smoothly fitting the skull

at orbits

8. Rostrum, relation with the skull at maturity, in lateral view (NEW):

0. rostrum smoothly fits the skull, skull roof progressing towards the tip of the snout at

about the same level

1. rostrum smoothly decreases in height from skull, at least towards the mid-rostrum

2. rostrum and skull with a poor fit

9. Rostrum, dorsal projection (NEW):

State (1) is not the hump-like boss seen in Crocodylus acutus (Brochu 1999; ch101).

Instead, the whole rostrum bulges dorsally/anterodorsally.

0. absent, rostrum straight or low

1. present and evident, rostrum bulges dorsally, with nasals assuming an arched profile

in lateral view

Ornamentation (3.7% of characters)

10. Ornamentation, bony surface sculpted with an anastomozed arrange of wrinkles and

ridges, composing a vermiform-dendritic pattern (Ortega et al. 2000, ch01mod):

Wrinkle is equivalent to groove sensu Ortega et al. 2000), but not sensu Buffrenil 1982;

here, use of groove follows Buffrenil (1982), as elongated pits.

0. absent

1. present

11. Ornamentation, bony surface sculpted with elliptic to subpolygonal pits and grooves,

26 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

composing a pitted pattern (Ortega et al. 2000, ch01mod):

Groove sensu Buffrenil (1982) = elliptic pit.

0. absent

1. present

12. Ornamentation, proportion between pits and grooves relative to the ornamented area,

at late ontogeny (NEW):

Presence of grooves (=elongated pits; sensu Bruffrenil, 1982) is evidence of bone growth on

ornamented dermal skeleton. Note that in extant forms pits tend to become grooves along

the ontogeny (see Bruffrenil, 1982), but at least in Sunosuchus junggarensis the grooves

seem to give way to pits at maturity (Wu et al., 1996), a trait that may be common to most

"goniopholidids". Depending on the group taken, proportional occurrence of grooves may

be a measure of precocious occurrence of ornamentation, in early ontogenetic stages; or

long lasting growth after ornamentation appears.

0. ornamentation dominated by pits, with grooves almost entirely absent

1. pits and grooves well represented on the skull, with grooves usually present (e.g.,

maxillo-jugal suture, frontal, dentary) late in ontogeny

2. ornamentation dominated by grooves

13. Ornamentation, presence of pitted pattern on the postorbital bar, if skull sculpted

(Clark 1994, ch25rev):

The presence on the bar can only be sampled in forms where the skull shows ornamentation,

otherwise there is co-dependence and overweighting. Change of focus from 'postorbital bar'

to 'ornamentation' allows cross-checking of codings.

0. absent

27 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present

14. Ornamentation, presence of pitted pattern on the jugal (NEW):

0. absent

1. present

15. Ornamentation, distribution of pitted pattern on the jugal surface (NEW):

0. evident ornamentation only occurs at the anterior ramus

1. evident ornamentation occurs on the anterior and posterior rami

16. Ornamentation, presence of pitted pattern on the quadratojugal (Pol 1999a, ch161; Pol

& Apesteguia 2005, ch144; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch145):

0. absent

1. present, restricted to the distal end

17. Ornamentation (mandible), presence of strong pitted pattern on surangular-articular

(NEW):

0. absent

1. present

18. Ornamentation (mandible), presence of strong pitted pattern on angular (NEW):

0. absent

1. present

19. Ornamentation (dermal armour), type of sculpture (Ortega et al. 2000, ch111):

28 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Sculpturing on the dermal armour is always present, and only in two possible forms. Note

that Turner & Buckley (2008) considered that Araripesuchus gomesii and (possibly) A.

tsangatsangana displayed the 'fleur de lys' pattern (anterolaterally and anteromedially

directed "ridges"; Osmólska et al., 1997), according to the character by Pol & Norell

(2004b, ch188). We consider that this pattern regards the disposition of the sculpturing

(fabric), not the type of sculpturing.

0. vermiform-dendritic pattern

1. pitted pattern

20. Sculpturing, palatal surface of maxilla (Ortega et al. 2000, ch02):

State (1) was also registered for , Shantungosuchus and the Fruita Form by

Ortega et al. (2000), but the absence (0) in Hemiprotosuchus cannot be confirmed, as the

specimen is preserved with mandible in occlusion. Palatal sculpturing is also present in a

few notosuchians.

0. absent, palatal surface smooth.

1. present, palatal surface ornamented with ridges

21. Sculpturing, presence on the palatal surface of pterygoid (Clark 1994, ch40):

State (1) is present in .

0. absent, surface smooth

1. present

22. Neurovascular foramina, presence of an expanded network of openings on the dorsal

surface of the rostrum and ventral-lateral surfaces of the mandible (NEW):

Based on the data by Soares (2002), where neurovascular foramina are related to the

29 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

presence of dome pressure receptors.

0. absent, neurovascular openings limited to a single line, near the ventral margin of the

rostrum and dorsal margin of dentary

1. present at least at the premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries

23. Neurovascular foramina (premaxilla), overall distance to the alveolar margin and teeth

(Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch17part):

Note that coding changes substantially from the original (Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch17),

and that complementary characters on neurovascular foramina are present.

0. ventralmost foramina reach area next to the alveolar margin, close to teeth

1. ventralmost foramina clearly apart from the alveolar margin, distant to the teeth

24. Neurovascular foramina (anterior maxilla), overall distance to the alveolar margin and

teeth (Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch17part):

State (0) is putative apomorphy of derived eusuchians, but is also present in other

mesoeucrocodylian clades. (1) is a common condition in Crocodylomorpha, occurring even

in basal eusuchians.

0. ventralmost foramina reach area next to the alveolar margin, close to teeth

1. ventralmost foramina clearly apart from the alveolar margin, distant to the teeth

25. Neurovascular foramina (mid maxilla) forming a strongly arched line at mid-rostrum,

at maturity (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Araripesuchus

0. absent, line of foramina follows the overall outline of the margin

1. present, ample area of smooth margin ventral to the arched line of foramina

30 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

26. Neurovascular foramina (posterior maxilla), distribution on the alveolar margin

(based on Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch17):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of goniophilidids.

0. ventralmost foramina not high on the maxillary margin, either close or next to the

alveoli

1. ventralmost foramina high on the maxilla (up to twice the distance from other

foramina), very distant to the alveoli

27. Neurovascular foramina (dentary), distribution of neurovascular foramina relative to

the alveolar margin, in non-tubular snouted forms (NEW):

0. foramina form a simple straight to ventrally-arched line

1. foramina form a sinusoid line, following the dorsal fluttings, when fluttings are

present

Rostrum (14.61% of characters)

28. Foramen at premaxillo-maxillary suture in lateral view (Pol 1999, ch149; Ortega et al.

2000, ch13rev; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch135; Sereno & Larsson, ch84mod):

0. absent

1. present

29. Perinarial crests, presence and morphology (NEW):

State (1) is present within Goniopholididae.

0. absent, surface even or bearing a perinarial fossa

31 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present as well defined and distinct ridges, cornering the lateral to posterior borders

of the naris

30. Lachrymal crest anterior to orbit, presence (Young & Andrade 2009):

Lachrymal refers to the lachrymal fossa, immediately anterior to the orbit, not the lachrymal

bone. State (1) is a putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae.

0. absent

1. present

31. ORD Naris, orientation in the sagittal plane (Clark 1994, ch6mod; Sereno et al. 2003,

ch2+ch7):

Assignment of dyrosaurids and most goniopholidids to state (2) is not consensual, but these

forms contrast with the morphology seen in Pelagosaurus, Sarcosuchus and Sebecus, and

therefore should not be coded as (1). In some goniopholidids, the dorsal orientation can be

somewhat obscured by the presence of perinarial crests. However, the narial vestibulum is

dorsally oriented, widely deviating from the typical antero-dorsal.

0. not dorsalized, either anterior or lateral, but nasal cavity not visible in dorsal view

1. antero-dorsal

2. dorsal

32. Naris, shape of narial opening in anterodorsally or dorsally oriented naris (not

considering the internarial bar, when present) (NEW):

State (1) based on Salisbury et al. (1999), for Goniopholis simus.

0. subcircular, approximately as long as wide

1. heart-shaped

32 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. keyhole-shaped, subcircular anteriorly, but elongated and subquadratic posteriorly

3. highly elliptic

4. wider than long

33. Naris, distance from the anteriormost edge of premaxillae (based on Clark 1994,

ch5mod; Ortega et al. 2000, ch17mod):

Please note differences from the original codings, particularly Clark (1994). In the current

dataset, (1) is putative apomorphy of crown , and is paralleled in Cricosaurus.

0. narial opening is close to the anterior tip of the snout, regardless of the presence of

contact between anterior rami of premaxillae, or the orientation of naris

1. narial opening is distant to the anterior tip of the snout, with anterior rami of

premaxillae meeting broadly anterior to naris

34. Naris, presence of an anterior narial notch (NEW):

The narial notch is composed from paired smooth bands of bony surface that cross the

ornamented surface, from the internal rim of the narial opening to the anterior vertical wall

of the premaxilla. In the few species where the character was identified, there were

differences in the morphology: BMNHB-001876 has barely distinguishable shallow notches;

Goniopholis simus has well-marked notches; DORCM-12154 has even deeper notches. This

suggest that further states or another character should be added to the analysis to sample

the information, once data has been collected for a wider range of taxa. This structure is not

considered as homologous to the perinarial fossa found in basal forms and notosuchians

(e.g., peirosaurids, Araripesuchus).

0. absent

1. present

33 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

35. Naris, presence of lateral narial notch (Pol 1999a, ch135; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch123):

This notch is located at the dorsal half of the lateral wall of the external nares, on the

medial edge of premaxilla. The notch may appear late in ontogeny, so its absence should not

be scored as a (0) in immature specimens, but as (?). However, its presence in early stages

is possible, and should be scored as (1).

0. absent

1. present

36. Naris, composition of dorsal/posterior border (Pol 1999a, ch136mod; Pol 2003, ch124;

Turner & Buckley 2008, ch124mod):

Modified definition allows the scoring of taxa where nasals do not reach narial opening.

Note differences in scoring from previous works.

0. formed mostly by the nasals

1. formed mostly by premaxilla, or nasal excluded from dorsal/posterior border

37. Naris, presence and morphology of the internarial bar, in late ontogeny (Clark 1994,

ch66mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch7mod):

Note that (2) does not imply that the bar projects anterior to the premaxilla.

0. absent, external nares confluent

1. present, not arched dorsally/anterodorsally and with nasal contribution

2. present, evidently arched dorsally and with nasal contribution

3. present, arched dorsally and with no nasal contribution

34 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

38. Naris, projection of the internarial bar relative to the main body of premaxilla and

narial opening, in late ontogeny (NEW):

Strongly arched bar may project anterior to naris and main body of premaxilla (1), a

condition clearly present at least in Araripesuchus, Libycosuchus and peirosaurids. As

exemplified in Araripesuchus gomesii, the morphology of the bar changes substantially from

young (AMNH-24450) to mature (DGM-432-R) specimens; therefore, it should not be

scored in early ontogenetic stages. Projection of bar, when present, may therefore be used

to infer specimen maturity.

0. does not project anterior to the main body of premaxilla

1. strongly projected anteriorly from narial opening, anterior to main body of

premaxilla

39. Naris, presence of dorsal projection of anterior rami of premaxillae, and proportional

participation in the internarial bar (Clark 1994, ch4rev):

0. premaxillae does not project, or projection is incipient and poorly defined, feebly

contributing to internarial bar

1. premaxillae project from the medial contact of anterior rami, composing at least the

base of the internarial bar, or an evident bar-like projection if bar is absent

40. Perinarial fossa, presence and extent (Sereno et al. 2003, ch13mod; Turner & Buckley

2008, ch226; Sereno & Larsson 2009, ch82mod):

0. absent or incipient

1. present, small, shallow and mostly limited to the ventral part of the naris

2. present, extremely well-developed and deep, widely extending lateral to the naris

35 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

41. Postnarial fossa, presence (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of derived goniopholidids, but still poorly sampled in

Neosuchia.

0. absent

1. present

42. Intranarial fossa, presence at the lateral walls, inside narial cavity, at the vestibulum

(NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae. The internarial fossa is an additional

chamber that creates an internal border of the external naris; must not be mistaken with the

naso-oral fossa, or with the perinarial fossa.

0. absent

1. present

43. Antorbital cavity, presence (Clark 1994, ch67mod):

Antorbital cavity (CA), internal and external antorbital fenestra (FAO, FAOE, FAOI) as in

Witmer (1997). The antorbital cavity or the FAOE must not be confounded with the shallow

fossa located directly in front of the eyes (=prefrontal-lachymal fossa sensu Young &

Andrade, 2009; =lachrymal fossa, this paper); crocodylians may possess neither (e.g.,

Steneosaurus bollensis), both (e.g., Geosaurus giganteus, Calsoyasuchus), or only one of

these. Note also that the presence of the antorbital cavity does not imply in the presence of a

fenestra, conecting the fossa with the internal sinuses (see Fernández & Herrera, 2009).

0. absent

1. present

36 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

44. Antorbital cavity, presence of internal antorbital fenestra (Clark 1994, ch67mod):

CA, FAO, FAOE, FAOI as in Witmer (1997). Current coding assumes hypothesis 1 of

Fernández & Herrera (2009), where the internal passage of metriorhynchids is homologous

with the internal antorbital fenestra of .

0. absent

1. present, connecting with internal sinus

45. Antorbital cavity, relation between external and internal antorbital fenestrae (NEW):

State (2) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae, as in hypothesis 1 of Fernández &

Herrera (2009).

0. external and internal fenestrae subequal or not distinguishable

1. external fenestra larger than internal fenestra, but no more than twice its area

2. external fenestra much larger than internal fenestra, or external fenestra present and

internal fenestra closed

46. Antorbital cavity, shape (Gasparini et al. 2006, ch246):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae.

0. subcircular to subpoligonal

1. strongly elliptic, length at least twice its height, and obliquely orientated at

approximately 30 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis

47. Antorbital cavity, size (area) of external antorbital fenestra, relative to the orbit (Clark

1994, ch67mod):

0. small, less than 50% the orbit area, or antorbital cavity absent

1. large, almost as large as the orbit

37 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

48. Antorbital cavity, size (length) of internal antorbital fenestra relative to the orbit

(Clark 1994, ch67mod):

0. small, internal fenestra is less than 25% of the length of the orbit, or internal fenestra

is absent

1. medium, internal fenestra is approximately 25-50% of the length of the orbit

2. large, internal fenestra is more than 50% of the length of the orbit

3. very large, internal fenestra approximately the same size as the orbit

49. Antorbital cavity, nasal participation in the internal fenestra (Ortega et al. 2000,

ch70rev):

0. absent, nasals excluded from the internal fenestra by a maxillo-lachrymal contact

1. present, nasals broadly reach the internal fenestra (or reach deep into the fossa, if the

fenestra is closed)

50. Antorbital cavity, jugal participation in the external fenestra (Wu & Sues 1996,

ch14rev; Ortega et al. 2000, ch71rev):

Should be scored alongside the characters regarding the antorbital fenestra, not jugal, to

facilitate cross-checking of inapplicable states due to the absence of the antorbital fenestra.

0. absent, jugal excluded from the external fenestra by a maxillary-lachrymal contact

1. present, jugal takes part in the external fenestra

51. Antorbital cavity, position relative to the rostrum (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of .

0. closer to the orbit than to the alveolar margin

38 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. closer to the alveolar margin than to the orbit

52. Antorbital cavity, position relative to the orbit (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Neosuchia.

0. close to the orbit, with lachrymal narrow between orbit and antorbital cavity

1. distant to the orbit, with lachrymal wide between orbit and antorbital cavity

53. Lachrymal fossa, presence (NEW):

'Lachrymal' refers to the lachrymal area, immediatenly anterior to the orbit, not to the

lachrymal bone; the lachrymal area, in crocodylians, may be occupied by the lachrymal,

jugal and/or prefrontal. The lachrymal fossa is not the same as the antorbital fossa, as both

are separated in Thalattosuchia. However, both may occur in the same general area, as in

several notosuchians.

0. absent, bony surface completely plain or convex

1. present as a small and shallow depression at the anteriormost corner of the orbit, but

with most bony surface plain or convex

2. present and fully developed, with most bony surface anterior to orbit concave

54. Rostrum, orientation of external surface of premaxillae and maxillae (Pol 1999:

ch153mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch139mod):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Mesoeucrocodylia. Note that, in this matrix, Baurusuchus

represent a reversion to the primitive condition (0).

0. premaxillae and maxillae face laterally

1. rostrum with ventral region facing laterally to ventrolaterally, and dorsal region

facing dorsolaterally

39 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

55. Rostrum, morphology of the external surface of premaxilla and maxilla (NEW):

Based on character by Pol (1999, ch153). State (1) is putative apomorphy of Notosuchidae

+ . Most commonly in (1), the ventral plane will face laterally and slightly

ventrally; the dorsal plane will face laterodorsally.

0. rostrum with a continuous surface, either convex or plain

1. rostrum with distinct ventral and dorsal surfaces, plain and separated by a somewhat

distinct anteroposterior ridge or edge

56. Rostrum, presence of constriction at the premaxillae-maxillae suture, in dorsal view,

either forming a notch, a shallow concavity or a narrow slit (NEW):

Based on Clark (1994, ch9). The slit, included in state (1), is a constriction that cannot

receive a dentary tooth, but may be interpreted as an atavism derived from a functional

notch.

0. absent

1. present

57. Rostrum, type of contriction at the premaxilla-maxilla suture (Clark 1994, ch9mod):

State (0) is a putative apomorphy of Araripesuchus. The vast majority of crocodylomorphs

can be considered as (1), but highly predaceous forms will show a well-defined notch at

suture (2).

0. narrow slit

1. wide, poorly-defined concavity, or not constricted at all

2. well-defined notch

40 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

58. Rostrum, morphology of notch at the premaxillae-maxillae suture (NEW):

0. notch absent, or poorly encasing the tooth (< 50% of crown perimetre), usually only

part of the lingual surface of the crown

1. notch closely encasing tooth (c. 50%-60%), at least the lingual surface of the crown

2. notch strongly encase tooth in a scabbard-like notch (c. 70%), including most of

lingual/labial surfaces of the crown

59. Rostrum, presence of a posterodorsal process of premaxilla, at contact with maxilla

and nasal (Pol, 1999a, ch138; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch125):

0. absent

1. present, extending posteriorly, wedging between maxilla and nasals

60. Rostrum, morphology of contact at premaxillae-maxillae suture, in dorsal/lateral views

(NEW):

Based on Gasparini et al. (1991, ch3) and description of Hamadasuchus (Larsson & Sues,

2007). The anterior process may be wedge-shaped, or not.

0. simple, suture not interdigitating

1. complex, with an anteriorly directed process from maxilla fitting the premaxilla

61. Rostrum, presence of wedge-like process of maxilla to the premaxilla, at premaxilla-

maxilla suture (Gasparini et al. 1991, ch3; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch213):

State (1) is a putative apomorphy of , but note that Hamadasuchus also have

an anteriorly directed process, only not wedge-shaped, and the same suture is unknown in

Sebecus, although the suture was reconstructed by Colbert (1946) as lacking such process.

0. absent

41 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present, wedge-like, anteriorly directed and fitting the premaxilla

62. Premaxillae anterior to naris, morphology (Clark 1995, ch5mod):

State (0) is putative apomorphy of Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae; (1) of Araripesuchus

+Libycosuchus.

0. anterior rami of premaxillae do not meet medially, anterior/ventral to naris, with both

premaxillae in contact only through palatine rami

1. anterior rami of premaxillae meet anterior to naris, through a very narrow band, but

not projecting vertically

2. anterior rami of premaxillae broadly meet anterior to naris, forming a vertical wall,

which may be straight or slightly convex

63. Premaxilla, type of contact with maxilla (Clark 1994, ch8):

State (1) is a putative apomorphy of .

0. premaxilla loosely overlies maxilla on face

1. premaxilla and maxilla suture together along butt joint

64. Premaxillae, lateral projection relative to maxillae (NEW):

Lateral projection of premaxillae (this character) must not be mistaken for the presence of

constriction at premaxilla-maxilla suture, which is also present in the analysis. In (0),

maximum width of premaxillae is subequal to the width of anterior section of the rostrum,

near to premaxillae-maxillae contact. In (1), a theoretical projection of the lateral margin of

maxilla will transect the premaxillary margin, even if this projection is parallel to the

sagittal plane.

0. absent, premaxillae subequal or narrower than maxillae at anterior to mid rostrum

42 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present, premaxillae clearly wider than maxillae at anterior to mid rostrum

65. Premaxillae, general profile in dorsal view (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae; (2) of Sphagesauridae; (4) of derived

goniopholidids.

0. round to triangle-shaped, premaxillae smoothly fitting the rostrum

1. lanceolate, premaxillae smoothly fitting the rostrum

2. subquadratic, premaxillae smoothly fitting the rostrum

3. paddle-shaped, expanded laterally

4. axe-shaped, expanded laterally

66. Premaxillae, presence of a subelliptic naso-oral fossa (=incisive foramen, fossa

premaxillaris) at medial contact of ventral rami (Brochu 1999, ch124part):

When the palate does not close completely, the passage will involve both premaxilla and

maxilla, assuming a diamond-shaped profile, with edges straight to irregular, but never

rounded and smooth. When the palate is incompletely closed, it is most likely that the vomer

is also exposed at the opening; however, the vomer may not be preserved; or may be

covered by sediment and not evident. The use of 'subelliptic' allows that simple openings on

the palatal surface, considered as non homologous to the naso-oral fossa, to be coded as

(0).

0. absent, premaxillae fully in contact medially along the palate

1. present as a discrete fossa or foramen, less than half the greatest width of premaxillae

2. large, more than half the greatest width of premaxillae

67. Premaxillae, position of the naso-oral fossa in the palatine rami, relative to the alveolar

43 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

margin (Brochu 1997, 1999, ch153mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch270mod):

0. completely situated far from premaxillary toothrow, at the level of the second or

third alveolus, or posterior

1. abuts premaxillary toothrow

2. projects between first premaxillary teeth

68. Premaxillae, contribution of maxillae to the naso-oral fossa at medial contact of ventral

rami (Clark 1994, ch7rev; Brochu 1999, ch124part):

0. absent, premaxillae contact medially, posterior to the naso-oral foramen

1. present, maxillae take part at least on the posterior border of the foramen

69. Premaxillae, shape of naso-oral fossa (NEW):

Based on Salisbury et al. (1999). There is no practical distinction between the fenestrae and

fossae in most forms, but fossa is here used to allow sampling of Goniopholis simus, which

lacks the fenestra. State (1) is putative apomorphy of Goniopholis, but may be present in

other goniopholidids.

0. oblong, leaf-like

1. teardrop-shaped to slit-like

2. complex, triangular, arrow-headed or fleur-de-liz

3. diamond-shaped

4. elliptic and elongated

5. subcircular

70. Premaxillae, shape of naso-oral fenestra (NEW):

There is no practical distinction between the fenestrae and fossae in most forms. Fenestra is

44 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

here used to avoid confusion with the previous character, and here samples the putative

apomorphic conditions of (1) Goniopholis and (2) Stratiotosuchus.

0. both anterior and posterior ends tapering to an acute end

1. tapering anteriorly only, with round or complex distal end

2. anterior and posterior ends rounded, not tapering

71. Premaxilla, presence of foramen in the perinarial depression (Gasparini et al. 2006,

ch237; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch237):

It must be noticed that this character is highly likely to be co-dependent with the extension

of the perinarial depression, which will surely include neurovascular foramen if it is

expanded lateral to the narial opening. If the foramen is absent (0), the reason is most likely

taphonomic.

0. absent

1. present

72. ORD Nasals, length (Clark 1994, ch13+14):

0. poorly elongated, anteriorly limited by the maxillae only

1. elongated, contacting the maxillae and premaxillae, but not reaching the naris

2. evidently elongated, taking part in the naris

73. ORD Nasals, morphology in dorsal view (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch21):

State (2) is present in .

0. triangular, lateral margins strongly confluent anteriorly

1. rectangular or subrectangular, lateral margins mostly parallel, or lateral margins

poorly confluent anteriorly

45 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. triangular, lateral margins diverging anteriorly

74. Nasals, general structure (NEW):

0. flattened

1. dome-like

75. Nasals, dorsal surface close to the posterior end (NEW):

State (2) is based on Peng & Shu (2005), and shared by Hsisosuchus and Calsoyasuchus.

0. continuous, lacking a medial groove or trench

1. slightly concave, forming a shallow and poorly defined depression, anteroposteriorly

oriented

2. deeply trenched, with a steep longitudinal depression at midline

76. Nasals, morphology of lateral border, posterior to external nares, in dorsal view (Pol

1999, ch140mod; Pol & Apesteguia 2005, ch127mod):

0. laterally concave

1. straight or convex

77. Nasals, fusion at maturity (Gasparini et al. 2006, ch257; Sereno & Larsson 2009, ch10):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of , but is also present in Mahajangasuchidae.

0. absent, nasals unfused

1. present, nasals at least partially fused

78. Maxilla, participation in the orbit (Andrade 2005, ch16; Andrade & Bertini 2008,

ch15) :

46 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent, excluded from the orbit by lachrymal-jugal contact

1. present, maxilla takes part in the orbit

79. Maxilla, morphology of ventral margin (Wu & Sues 1996, ch29mod; Martinelli 2003,

ch24mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch107mod):

Note the different coding from previous works. (1) appears as the most common condition in

Mesoeucrocodylia. Condition (1) implies that the smooth surface must extend for at least

most of the maxillary ventral margin.

0. not distinct from the remaining surface of maxilla, slightly convex

1. maxillae with a distinct ventral surface alongside the alveolar margin, smooth and

mostly plane

80. Maxilla, projection of ventral margin in lateral view (Ortega et al. 2000, ch21mod):

This character refers to the maxillary margin only, not to the teeth or alveoli. The maxillae

may project ventrally, laterally, or both, Maxillary fluttings may be indicated by the

presence of mandible morphology, although their absence of fluttings in the mandible does

not mean they are absent in the maxillae. It should be noticed that festooning may be less

evident in imature specimens.

0. ventral maxillary margin is straight

1. ventral maxillary margin festooned, being convex and concave at locations,

assuming a sinusoidal profile

2. ventral maxillary margin is overall convex, from contact with premaxilla to contact

with jugal

81. Maxilla, projection of ventral margin in dorsal view (based on Ortega et al. 2000,

47 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

ch130; Pol & Apesteguia, 2005, ch171):

0. maxilla does not project laterally at all, and is narrow throughout

1. maxilla expands laterally in locations (coincident with festooning waves, when

present), with maxilla sinusoidal in dorsal view

2. maxilla is wide throughout, with no flutting prominent in dorsal view

82. Maxilla, number of waves, when festooning present (based on Clark 1994, ch79;

Ortega et al. 2000, ch21):

0. a single clearly identifiable wave is present, at the anterior section of the maxilla,

with ventral maxillary margin poorly sinusoidal

1. two major waves clearly identifiable, separated by an evident concave area, with

ventral maxillary margin strongly sinusoidal and a corresponding dorsally directed

wave on the dorsal edge of the dentary

83. Maxilla, lateral exposure of occlusal pit for the 11th dentary tooth, at maturity (NEW):

The occlusal pit for the 11th dentary tooth is usually located between the maxillary teeth 7-

8. As in the case of the occlusal pit at the premaxillary-maxillary suture, this pit may be

opened laterally, creating a notch. In taxa with double festooned maxillae, this notch will

delimit the anterior and posterior waves. This does not necessarily happen in interlocking

dentitions, but will never occur when overbite is the rule. In longirostrine forms it is difficult

to establish a homologous condition, as the number of teeth increase. However, in these

cases, occlusal pits are either fully exposed laterally (1), or not exposed at all (0), allowing

the scoring of the character. When occlusal pits are absent, character should be coded as (-

), but note that when overbite is the rule, no laterally exposed notch may appear, even when

teeth are hypertrophied (e.g., Comahuesuchus). Therefore, when overbite is the rule,

48 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

character can be coded as (0).

0. not exposed laterally, dentitions may overbite or interlock, but lateral wall of

occlusal pit is closed

1. laterally open, with occusal surface exposed as a shallow notch

84. Maxilla, position of largest alveolus (Ortega et al. 2000, ch156mod):

Size of alveoli is here considered as a reliable proxi for size of teeth and tooth crown. The

original state (0) "no alveolus enlarged" was suppressed to avoid overweighting with

characters related to size of alveoli. The position of the (original) largest alveolus cannot be

determined in forms with isometric maxillary dentition, and this condition may originate

from either states (0) or (1).

0. largest alveolus is the third or anterior

1. largest alveolus is the fourth or posterior

85. Maxilla, presence of multiple cecal recesses at the surface within narial canal (based on

Witmer 1995; Brochu 1997, ch148):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Crocodylus + Mecistops.

0. absent, surface imperforate

1. present

86. Maxilla, presence of lateral fossa/fossae next to the alveolar margin (NEW):

Characters tests the putative homology between maxillary fossae found in goniopholidids,

hsisosuchids and Rugosuchus.

0. absent, maxillary bony surface convex or flat

1. present

49 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

87. Maxilla, presence of multiple fossae along most of its lateral face (Wu et al. 2001b):

This type of fossa is located dorsal to the alveolar margin, but never reaching it; fossae are

aligned with the horizontal plane, giving the maxillae a wrinkled appearance; each fossa is

shallow, dorsoventrally elongated, ellipsoid, smooth (ie, lacking ornamentation), always set

between teeth. In Rugosuchus nonangensis such fossae do not receive dentary teeth, since

maxillary dentition overbites the dentary dentition. State (1) is currently restricted to

Rugosuchus.

0. absent

1. present

88. Maxilla, presence of a shallow fossa at maxilla-jugal contact (NEW) :

Fossae are simple, shallow, elongated (ellipsoid), with main axis anteroposteriorly oriented.

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Hsisosuchidae. In H. chungkingensis the fossa mostly

affects the maxilla, with marginal jugal contribution. In H. dashampuensis the fossa

evidently reaches into the jugal surface (Gao, 2001); however, the interpretation of sutures

is considered potentially misleading. In H. chowi the area is not preserved, preventing

scoring.

0. absent

1. present

89. Maxilla, presence of a maxillary depression, next to the maxilla-jugal contact (Wu et al.

1997, ch127; Sereno et al. 2003, ch14; Lauprasert et al. 2007, ch97mod):

Maxillary depressions are a pair of fossae, located at the lateral face of the maxilla, near its

distal end. Each structure is deep, anteroposteriorly elongated, complex, and entirely

50 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

supported by the maxilla. State (1) is putative apomorphy of Goniopholididae (but with

reversion in a few taxa).

0. absent

1. present

90. Maxilla, morphology of anterior border of maxillary depressions (NEW):

0. shallow, anterior edge of depression usually poorly defined, or maxillary depression

is absent

1. deep, anterior border always well-defined relative to dermal surface of maxilla

91. Maxilla, extent of contact with nasal (NEW):

0. small sutural contact

1. extensive contact

92. Maxilla, presence of an evident posteromedial process between lachrymal and nasal

(Brochu 1999, ch93):

This character is somewhat complementary to 'presence of broad contact between maxilla-

prefrontal'. The maxillary process can only exist when a broad maxilla-prefrontal contact is

present, but note that the broad contact does not imply that there will be a maxillary

process.

0. absent, maxillary posteromedial process no more than feeble

1. present, maxilla sends an evident posteromedial process within lachrymal

93. Maxilla, presence of broad contact with prefrontal (based on Clark 1994, ch11; and in

Ortega et al. 2000, ch165part):

51 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

This character is complementary to 'presence of broad contact between lachrymal-nasal'.

Note that state (0) does not imply that a maxilla-prefrontal contact is absent, but simply that

it is not broad. State (0) also does not imply in the presence of broad lachrymal-nasal

contact.

0. maxilla and prefrontal do not contact at all, or with a feeble contact

1. present and evident, maxilla extensively contacts prefrontal

94. Lachrymal, relative proportions at maturity (NEW):

In oreinrostral taxa, the height of the lachrymal should be used instead of height. In taxa

with antorbital fenestra, the lachrymal is likely to assume an L-shaped profile, but this

should not be considered a different state because it would most likely overweight the

presence of the fenestra.

0. subquadratic, or shorter than wide

1. longer than wide

95. Lachrymal, proportional length (NEW):

AP/ML (= anteroposterior/medial-lateral) should be taken anterior to orbit (ie., does not

consider posteromedial section, dorsal to the orbit. Note that in oreinrostral forms, the ML

dimension is artificially reduced as the lachrymal assumes a steeper position, and in these

forms the width of the element alone must be represented by its height.

0. short to poorly elongated, AP/ML index closer to 2, or smaller

1. proportionally long, AP/ML index closer to 3, or higher

96. Lachrymal, exposure in dorsal aspect (NEW):

Note that the vertical orientation of lachrymals does not preclude the dorsal exposure of this

52 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

element (e.g., Sphagesaurus).

0. absent, lachrymal is vertically oriented and only exposed in lateral aspect

1. present, either vertical or horizontal

97. Lachrymal, presence of a posteroventral process (NEW):

0. absent, lachrymal does not progress below orbit, or barely projects through a broad

and short wedge

1. present, progress below orbit as an acute process

2. present, progress below orbit as a truncated process

98. Lachrymal, extent of contact with nasal (based on Clark 1994, ch11+12; as in Ortega et

al. 2000, ch165rev):

This character is complementary to 'presence of evident posteromedial process between

lachrymal and nasal '. Note that the absence of broad lachrymal-nasal contact (0) does not

imply in the presence of an evident posteromedial process from the maxilla.

0. nasal and lachrymal do not contact at all, or with a feeble contact

1. present and evident, lachrymal extensively contacts nasal

Skull roof (11.93% of characters)

99. Prefrontal-lachrymal crest dorsal to orbit, presence and morphology (Brochu 1999;

ch144mod):

See also Poe (1977) and Norell (1988).

0. absent, or incipient and laterally directed, as a simple edge

1. present and evident, projecting dorsally and short, only slightly progressing anterior

to the orbit

53 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. present and evident, projecting dorsally and long, broadly progressing on the rostrum

as very prominent divergent crests

100. Transverse rostral crest, presence (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Caimaninae. This crest (i) occurs medial to anteriormost

border of orbits, at the prefrontals and anterior to frontal; (ii) is usually straight; (iii)

delimits the rostrum from the rest of the skull. Must not be mistaken with frontal crest typical

of Goniopholis and related forms, which runs through the main body of frontal.

0. absent

1. present

101. Transverse frontal crest anteromedial to the orbits, presence (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of derived goniopholidids, but is shared by Simosuchus.

This crest occurs medial to orbits, usually at the main body of the frontal, dividing this

element in two halves. Must not be mistaken with rostral crest typical of caimans (see

Brochu (1999). This character is based on descriptions by Hooley (1907), Salisbury et al.

1999) and Schwarz (2002). Pol et al. (submitted, ch276) and Turner & Sues (2008, ch276)

include a character with similar construction, not matching the codings included here and

present in the Glen Rose form; it is here assumed to be a non-homologous condition.

0. absent, dorsal skull surface plain or bearing a sagittal crest

1. present, crescent-shaped (facing anteriorly), and transecting the skull from orbit to

orbit

102. Frontal sagittal crest, presence (Clark 1994, ch22mod, part):

0. absent

54 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present

103. Parietal sagittal crest, presence (Clark 1994, ch22part):

Must not be mistaken for a narrow parietal between the supratemporal fossae.

0. absent

1. present

104. Crests margining the border of the supratemporal fossae, dorsally projected (NEW):

State (1) is also described as "margins uprolled" (see Mook, 1964).

0. absent, or present only in part of the perimeter

1. present around the full perimeter

105. Supratemporal fenestra, presence of a shallow fossa at its anteromedial corner (Brochu

1999, ch92rev; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch265rev):

0. absent, anteromedial corner of supratemporal fenestra smooth

1. present

106. Supratemporal fenestra, size proportional to the orbit at maturity (Clark 1994,

ch68mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch4mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch38mod):

Size refers to fenestra only, not fossa; based on major axis of the fenestra and antero-

posterior axis of orbit

0. clearly smaller than the orbit

1. fenestra subequal to the orbit

2. supratemporal fenestra larger than orbit

55 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

107. Supratemporal fossa, size proportional to the orbit at maturity (based on Clark 1994,

ch68; Brochu 1999, ch87; Ortega et al. 2000, ch70):

Size refers to the entire fossa, not fenestra; based on major axis of the fossa and antero-

posterior axis of orbit. The size of the fenestra and fossa does not necessarily correlate, as

the fossa can be much wider than the fenestra (e.g., Simosuchus), but small fossa will imply

in a small fenestra.

0. clearly smaller than the orbit, or fossa closed by skull table elements

1. fossa subequal to the orbit

2. supratemporal fossa larger than orbit

108. Supratemporal fossa, relation with surrounding dermal bones of skull roof (Norell

1988, ch9mod; Brochu 1999, ch87mod):

0. dermal bones of skull roof do not overhang rim at maturity, or slightly overhang rim

at part of the external fenestra

1. dermal bones of skull roof consistently overhang rim of supratemporal fenestra

around the entire edge, near maturity

2. dermal bones of skull roof overhang rim of supratemporal fenestra near maturity,

closing or nearly closing the fenestra during ontogeny

109. Supratemporal fossa, presence of a main axis (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch36):

0. main axis indistinct, or poorly distinct

1. main axis evident and much longer than secondary axis

110. Supratemporal fossae, orientation of the main axis at late ontogeny (Andrade &

Bertini 2008a, ch37):

56 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Ordering is not possible, because (0) can go to (2) without passing through (1), if an

alternative intermediate step (circular fossa / loss of elliptic shape / main axis non-

distinguishable) is taken

0. both axis diverge anteriorly

1. both axis parallel

2. both axis converge anteriorly

111. Supratemporal fossae, overall shape (NEW):

0. elliptic

1. square-shaped to subrectangular

2. triangle-shaped, axis converging medially

3. circular

4. triangle-shaped, axis converging anteromedially

112. Supratemporal fossae, angle between posterolateral process of the frontal and the

intertemporal bar (Wilkinson et al. 2008, ch26mod; Young & Andrade 2009,

ch26mod):

See diagrammatic explanation for this character in Wilkinson et al. (2008: p.1311, Fig. 4).

0. angle of c. 90 degrees, with anteromedial corner of the supratemporal fossae mostly

rounded

1. angle of c. 50 degrees, with anteromedial corner of the supratemporal fossae acute,

wedge-like

113. Supratemporal fossae, shape of medial borders (NEW):

0. convex, so the intertemporal bar has a double-concave profile

57 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. borders straight, parallel

2. straight, either convergent or divergent

114. Supratemporal fossa, presence of foramina on the medial parietal wall (Norell 1988,

ch51, Brochu 1999, ch104):

0. absent, wall imperforate

1. present, wall bearing foramina

115. Skull roof at orbits, general morphology of periorbital elements (frontal, postorbital,

palpebral) (NEW):

This character is deeply based on Hulke (1878) and Hooley (1907). State (1) must not be

confounded with the presence of projecting orbit, double-levelled frontal, or concave

frontal, which occur independently of this character and are already present as other

characters.

0. overall level with each other and with the remaining skull table

1. lateral processes of frontal arched laterodorsally, with palpebral and postorbital

curved dorsally

116. Skull roof, alignment of parietal, frontal and nasals in a steep angle (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Crocodylus. Note that Mecistops (=C. cataphrachtus)

shows state (0). When condition (1) occurs, the skull table (parietal, postorbitals,

squamosals) is inclined and its dorsal surface is exposed and visible in anterior view. In all

other forms, the nasals may be in a steep angle, but the skull table will be dorsally oriented.

In primitive forms these surfaces may be leveled, but the skull table will not be inclined

anteriorly (0).

58 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent

1. present

117. Supratemporal skull roof (posterior to orbit), general proportions (NEW):

For the purposes of scoring this character, skull roof limits are set as follows: postorbitals

(anterior, lateral); parietal/supraoccipital (posterior). Always considered dorsal margin

only, not anterior/lateral/posterior.

0. about as long as wide

1. clearly longer than wide (at least 1.5x)

118. Supratemporal skull roof, dorsal surface (Clark 1994, ch24):

0. surface complex

1. flat skull table present, formed by flattened and levelled surfaces of frontal,

postorbital, squamosal and parietal

119. Supratemporal skull roof, dorsal curvature and elongation of squamosal prongs, at

maturity (Brochu 1999, ch140):

0. with broad curvature and short squamosal prongs

1. with nearly horizontal sides and significant squamosal prongs

120. Supratemporal skull roof, morphology of frontoparietal suture (Brochu 1999, ch86):

Rephrased and expanded to sample further variability. State (0) correspond to the original

`concavoconvex`; state (1) corresponds to `linear`. Note that sutural contact within the

supratemporal fossae is not to be considered here.

0. concave anteriorly, `V` or `U-shaped`

59 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. transverse to the skull, either straight or complex

2. concave posteriorly, `V` or `U-shaped`

121. Supratemporal skull roof, position of frontoparietal suture at medial line of skull,

relative to the orbit (NEW):

Based on Mook (1942) and Clark (1994, ch23). State (1) is reported for Amphicotylus and

Denazinosuchus, but presence in the latter is putative.

0. frontoparietal suture is evidently posterior to orbits

1. frontoparietal suture is at a very anterior position, almost medial to posteriormost

border of the orbits, always as a straight line transecting most of the skull roof, and

frontal-postorbital contact is extremely reduced

122. Supratemporal skull roof, position of frontoparietal suture at medial line of skull,

relative to the postorbital bars (reformulated from Clark 1994, ch23mod; Brochu 1999,

ch81; Buckley & Brochu 1999, ch81):

Original formulation by Clark (1994) is more appropriate for Mesoeucrocodylia, because

states (1-2) on Brochu (1999) and Buckley & Brochu (1999) are biased by size and

morphology of supratemporal fossae. These are reasonably constant in Eusuchia, and its

use by Brochu (1999) does not show problems of co-dependence. Here, the character was

deeply altered following the original conception by Clark (1999), on the position of the

distal margin of frontal, but uses the dorsal end of supratemporal bars as a more reliable

reference. Previous formulations as follows: "Frontal extends well into the supratemporal

fossa (0) or not at all" (Clark 1994, ch23); "Frontoparietal suture deeply within

supratemporal fenestra: frontal prevents broad contact between postorbital and parietal (0)

or suture makes modest entry into supratemporal fenestra at maturity: postorbital and

60 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

parietal in broad contact (1) or suture on skull table entirely (2)" (Brochu 1999, ch81);

"Parieto-postorbital suture: absent from dorsal surface of skull roof and supratemporal

fossa (0), absent from dorsal surface of skull roof but broadly present within supratemporal

fossa (1), or present within supratemporal fossa and on dorsal surface of skull roof (2)"

(Buckley & Brochu 1999, ch81; apud Turner & Buckley 2008, ch23).

0. distal margin of frontal is medial to the (dorsal end of) postorbital bars, or slightly

anterior

1. distal margin of frontal is posterior to the postorbital bars, but not reaching the mid

skull roof

2. distal margin of frontal is posterior to the postorbital bars, frankly reaching into the

intertemporal bar and mid skull roof

123. Supratemporal skull roof, morphology of the postorbital (=anterolateral) corner of

skull roof, in dorsal view (Clark 1994, ch29mod):

Note changes in coding for goniopholidids and eusuchians. State (2) was added,

accommodating forms where the anterolateral corner is not well defined.

0. distinct anterior (or anterolateral) and lateral edges, separated by a round to acute

anterolateral corner, or a projecting process

1. anterior and lateral edges, separated by a distinct anterolaterally facing edge

2. anterior to lateral edges continuous, curved, without an anterolaterally projecting

edge, corner or process

124. Supratemporal skull roof (parietal and squamosals), posterior extension of its

posterior margin over the occipital surface (NEW):

0. absent or feeble

61 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present and evident

125. Prefrontal, lateral projection (Gasparini et al. 2006, ch247):

0. small to medium, not overhanging the orbit

1. extremely enlarged, overhanging the orbit

126. Prefrontals, extension of posterior end (NEW):

0. short, limited to the anteromedial border of the orbit, with frontal reaching the medial

to posteromedial border of the orbit

1. long, composing the anteromedial and medial borders of the orbit, with frontal

reaching orbit medially and posteromedially

2. very long, reaching the posteromedial borders of the orbit, with frontal reaching orbit

posteromedially only

127. Prefrontal pillar, presence of contact between prefrontal descending process and

palatine ascending process (Clark 1994, ch15part; Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch27):

0. absent

1. present

128. Prefrontal pillar, structure at contact between prefrontal and palatine processes (Clark

1994, ch15part; Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch27):

0. small contact area

1. robust contact suture

129. Prefrontal pillar, morphology of descending process of prefrontal (Ortega et al. 2000,

62 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

ch30part; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch182part):

0. descending process transversely expanded, with the lateromedial lamina well

developed and anteroposterior lamina small or absent

1. descending process longitudinally expanded, with the anteroposterior lamina well

developed and lateromedial lamina small or absent

130. Prefrontal pillar, morphology of ascending process of palatine, when pillar complete

(Ortega et al. 2000, ch30part; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch182part):

0. ascending process transversely expanded

1. ascending process columnar, or anteroposteriorly elongated

131. Prefrontal pillar, morphology of medial process (Brochu 199, ch136):

0. expanded dorsoventrally

1. expanded anteroposteriorly

132. Frontals, fusion of main body at maturity (Clark 1994, ch21mod):

0. not fused, and a medial suture fully persists in late ontogeny, with frontals paired

1. frontals are completely fused into a single element, or at least the main body is

completely fused

133. Frontal, width relative to the total skull width, at maturity (NEW):

Width of frontal means the minimum width of frontal at orbit, and is compared to the width

of the skull (including jugals) taken at the same relative position as the width of the frontal.

State (0) is putative apomorphy of Eusuchia, but note that the condition is also present other

mesoeucrocodylians, and reversed in Gavialis (but not in other gavialoids).

63 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. narrow, c. 1/5th of skull width, or narrower

1. wide, c. 1/3rd of skull width, or more

134. Frontal, proportional width of main body (between orbits) relative to width of the

supratemporal skull roof, at maturity (NEW):

Based on Clark (1994, ch20). The original format used the 'breadth of nasals' to provide

reference on the width of frontal, which is confusing because nasals change their shape

dramatically from group to group. Therefore, the original state (0; narrow) was applied to

forms where the frontal is actually very wide (e.g., thalattosuchians), whereas (1; broad)

was used for forms with very narrow interorbital distances (e.g., Theriosuchus). We opted

here to use the width of skull roof at postorbitals (SWPo), because it is a reasonably

constant element in the evolution of the crocodylian skull. Scoring of data demands that

measurements should be taken from specimens at the latest ontogenetic stage possible, as

frontal tends to expand laterally in ontogeny (e.g., Gavialis). Regardless of ontogenetic

stage, frontals tend to be narrower in Eusuchia and related forms and wider in basal forms

(Gavialis and Crocodylus seem to represent the opposite tendency, having the widest

frontals among eusuchians).

0. narrow, usually 20-30% of the width of the skull roof

1. wide, usually 40-50% of the width of skull roof

135. Frontal, general geometry (Brochu 1997, ch103mod; Pol et al. submitted, ch103):

In state (1), orbit borders may be upturned without constituting a crest; crests may be

present in species with a flat frontal (e.g., Goniopholis simus).

0. essentially flat, lateral margins flush with skull surface

1. concave, medial borders of the orbit upturned, forming ridged orbital margins

64 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

136. Frontal, morphology of anterior process (NEW):

0. wide throughout

1. wide posteriorly and tapering anteriorly, wedge-like to triangle-shaped

2. narrow throughout, as a distinct projection

137. Frontal, morphology of anteriormost border of anterior process (NEW):

0. truncated

1. wedge-like, either broad or acute

138. Frontal, medial surface (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Goniopholis, but may be present in other goniopholidids.

0. frontal is continuous, from anterior margin to posterior end

1. frontal is divided into two plain surfaces, being the anterior at a slightly more ventral

level than the posterior

139. Frontal, presence of a tuberous intumescent projection on the medial line, between the

orbits (NEW):

Based on description by Andrade & Hornung (submitted). State (1) is present in

Goniopholis.

0. absent

1. present, well defined

140. Frontal, extension of anterior margin at late ontogeny (NEW):

At least in a few taxa, the anterior process of frontal is shorter in younger specimens (e.g.,

65 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Anatosuchus), indicating an ontogenetic bias may interfere with collection of data in early

ontogenetic stages.

0. short, does not progress anterior to the orbits

1. long, progress anterior to the orbits

141. Frontal, participation in the primary medial border of orbit, at dorsal skull roof

(NEW):

Based on Salisbury et al. (1999), Schwarz (2002), and Andrade & Hornung (submitted).

0. extensive participation in the orbit

1. excluded from the orbit by prefrontal-postorbital contact, or participation is very

restricted

142. Frontal (anterior process), position relative to tip of prefrontal (Sereno et al. 2001,

ch27; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch238):

0. ends evidently posterior to tip of prefrontals

1. reach or barely surpass the anteriormost tip of prefrontals

143. Frontal, presence of wedge-like processes projecting posterolaterally from the distal

margin (NEW) :

Based on Brochu (1999, ch81) and Buckley & Brochu (1999, ch81), but with a different

conception. Note that (1) occurs both in Sarcosuchus and Diplocynodon ratelli, but: (i) in

the first the process is on skull roof entirely, projecting posteriorly to a position distal to the

anterior margin of parietal; (ii) while in the second, the process is entirely inside the

supratemporal fossa, and only lateral to the anterior parietal margin at medial line.

0. absent

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1. present, wedging between postorbital and parietal, and frankly projecting towards or

inside the supratemporal fossae

144. Parietals, fusion in adults (Ortega et al. 2000, ch28):

0. absent, parietals are paired elements

1. present, parietal is a single element

145. ORD Parietal, morphology of the medial surface at maturity (Clark 1994, ch33mod):

0. broad throughout, with a wide sculpted region separating fossae

1. narrow, but with a flattened surface separating fossae, which may be sculpted or not

2. narrow, forming a sagittal crest

146. Parietal, dorsal projection of the medial surface, relative to the skull roof (NEW):

0. does not project dorsally

1. projects dorsally

147. Postparietal (=dermosupraoccipital), presence as a distinct element (Clark 1994;

ch34rev):

0. absent or fused with parietal

1. present

148. Upper temporal bars, orientation in dorsal view (Ortega et al. 2000, ch157mod):

Upper (=postorbital-squamosal) temporal bar.

0. temporal bars mostly parallel, giving the skull roof a rectangular outline in dorsal

view

67 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. temporal bars oblique and anteriorly convergent, giving the skull roof a trapezoidal

outline in dorsal view

149. Upper temporal bars, outline of lateral margins in dorsal view (NEW):

0. margin mostly straight or slightly convex

1. margin strongly sinusoidal

150. Upper temporal bar, position relative to intertemporal bar (NEW):

0. upper temporal bar is leveled with intertemporal bar

1. upper temporal bar is ventrally displaced relative to the intertemporal bar, coincident

with the horizontal plane, and rotated, with dorsal surface exposed laterally and

ventral surface medially

2. upper temporal bar is diagonally displaced relative to the intertemporal bar (posterior

end more ventrally displaced than anterior end), but not rotated

151. Upper temporal bar, relative participation of postorbital (Ortega et al. 2000,

ch33mod):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Thalattosuchia

0. small, postorbital represents c. 30% of the bar

1. extensive, postorbital represents c. 50% (or more) of the bar

152. ORD Postorbital, presence and elongation of a robust anterolateral process projecting

from its dorsal surface and postorbital bar (Clark 1994, ch28mod; Turner & Buckley

2007, ch28mod):

Note differences of character interpretation from previous works.

68 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent or poorly developed

1. present and short, but evident

2. present and very long, reaching the lateral corner of the orbit

153. Postorbital, relation of anterolateral process and its lamina (when present) to the orbit

and anterior jugal ramus (NEW):

State (1) present in pholidosaur and dyrosaur-like taxa either where the anterolateral

process of postorbital is long or simply well developed.

0. orbit not shielded laterally by a postorbital process and its lamina

1. postorbital process almost reaching or reaching the dorsal edge of the anterior jugal

ramus, with process and lamina shielding the posterolateral-lateral sections of the

orbit

154. Squamosals, presence of horn-like flanges projecting dorsolateraly from the lateral

edge (NEW):

Based on Brochu (2007) and Turner & Buckley (2008).

0. absent, lateral surface of squamosal level with frontal or at a lower plane

1. absent, but edges buttressed and evidently enlarged

2. present

155. Squamosal, presence of an extra lobe, unsculpted, at the posterodorsal corner (Clark

1994, ch35; Lauprasert et al. 2007, ch32) :

State (1) is putative apomorphy of

0. absent, posterodorsal border of squamosal squared off

1. present, unsculpted lobe projecting posterolateraly

69 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

156. Squamosal, orientation of the posterior face at the occipital surface, at maturity

(Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch77):

0. mostly vertical, facing posteriorly

1. inclined, facing posterodorsally

Orbits and temporal region (9.88% of characters)

157. ORD Orbits, orientation in dorsal view (not considering palpebrals) (NEW):

Must not consider palpebrals to determine orientation

0. orbits fully lateral

1. orbits face dorsolaterally

2. orbits with a strong dorsal component

158. Orbits, orientation in lateral view (NEW):

Must not consider palpebrals to determine orientation

0. orbits are lateral-dorsal, with a small anterior component, frontal horizontal or poorly

inclined

1. orbits have a strong anterior component, frontal steep and facing anterodorsally

159. Orbits, presence of sclerotic ring (NEW):

0. absent

1. present

160. Orbit, composition of anterior (lachrymal) border (NEW):

0. lachrymal, but with extensive participation of jugal

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1. lachrymal only, neither prefrontal nor jugal reach the lachrymal area

2. lachrymal, but with extensive participation of prefrontal

161. Orbit, morphology of medial (primary) border (NEW):

Based on description by Andrade & Hornung (submitted).

0. medial and distal borders at a broad angle (>90 degrees), primary orbit is circular to

polygonal

1. medial and distal borders at an acute angle (<90 degrees) and forming a

posteromedial corner, with primary orbit triangular

162. Laterotemporal fenestra, size proportional to orbit in late ontogeny (NEW):

Based on Clark et al. (2004).

0. small to absent, no more than 20% the area of the orbit

1. large, area is usually no less than 50% of the area of the orbit

163. Laterotemporal fenestra, proportions (NEW):

Based on Benton & Clark (1988)

0. longer than high or subequal, usually half the height of the orbit

1. higher than long, and usually as high as the orbit

164. Laterotemporal fenestra, shape (NEW):

Based on Benton & Clark (1988)

0. elliptic to subpolygonal

1. clearly triangular

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165. Laterotemporal fenestra, orientation (Ortega et al. 2000, ch46):

0. faces laterally

1. faces laterodorsally

166. Laterotemporal fenestra, position of jugal-quadratojugal suture relative to the

posteroventral corner (Norell 1989, ch10mod; Brochu 1999, ch75mod; Ortega et al.

2000, ch39mod):

The choice of format for this particular character depends greatly on the choice of taxa

included in the analysis. Following the present organization of states, the character can be:

(i) considered as orderable; and (ii) easily converted to the original format (but with

reversed codings) used by Ortega et al. (2000). In (ii), state (2) needs to be suppressed and

all codings changed to (1).

0. jugal-quadratojugal suture lies at ventral edge of the fenestra, with quadratojugal

taking part in the lower temporal bar

1. jugal-quadratojugal suture lies at posterior angle of the fenestra, with quadratojugal

barely reaching the distal end of the lower temporal bar

2. jugal-quadratojugal suture at posterodorsal edge of the fenestra, with quadratojugal

excluded from the lower temporal bar

167. Laterotemporal fenestra (spina quadratojugalis), presence of a quadratojugal spine in

the distal border of the fenestra (Brochu 1999, ch114; Ortega et al. 2000, ch46):

0. absent

1. present

168. Laterotemporal fenestra (spina quadratojugalis), position of spine on the

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quadratojugal border, when present (Brochu 1999, ch114mod):

0. low. near distal corner of infratemporal fenestra

1. high, between distal and upper corners of infratemporal fenestra

169. Laterotemporal fenestra (spina quadratojugalis), orientation of spine, when present

(Brochu 1999, ch114mod):

0. anteriorly-anterodorsally oriented

1. dorsally-anterodorsally oriented

170. Laterotemporal fenestra (spina quadratojugalis), elongation of quadratojugal spine,

when present and fully preserved (Brochu 1999, ch114mod):

0. short

1. long

171. Jugal, participation in the ventral border of the orbit (Mueller-Towe 2006, ch139rev):

0. reduced participation, or excluded from the orbit by a lachrymal-postorbital contact,

ventral to the orbit

1. jugal forms large part or all of the ventral margin of the orbit

172. Jugal, cross-section of anterior ramus, beneath orbit (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch47):

Character based on Clark (1994, ch18). The character must not be mistaken with the

presence/absence of a ridge at the lateral surface of jugal, which is another independent

character.

0. subcircular to subpolygonal, ramus rod-like

1. elliptic to laminar, lateral surface of ramus evidently flattened

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173. Jugal, cross-section of posterior ramus, beneath laterotemporal fenestra (Clark, 1994,

ch18rev):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesauridae.

0. subcircular to subpolygonal, ramus rod-like

1. elliptic, lateral surface of ramus evidently flattened, blade-like

174. Jugal, height of anterior ramus relative to the height of posterior ramus (Clark 1994,

ch17mod):

0. anterior ramus approximately as broad as posterior ramus

1. anterior ramus approximately twice as broad as posterior ramus

175. Jugal (anterior ramus), height below orbit at maturity (NEW):

0. low, jugal only forms a narrow band of bone

1. high, broadly separates orbit from ventral plane of cranium

176. Jugal, alignment of anterior and posterior processes (Turner & Buchley 2008, ch286):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Kaprosuchus + Mahajangasuchus.

0. inline dorsoventrally

1. anterior and posterior processes at a sharp angle to one another, with both processes

sloping ventrally to form a strongly arched jugal

177. Jugal, presence of fossa at ventrolateral surface near ectopterygoid contact (Sereno &

Larsson 2009, ch46):

Reworded from the original. When fossa is present, lateral jugal surface smoothly progress

74 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

towards contact with ectopterygoid. The jugal ventral fossa is a putative apomorphy of

Mahajangasuchus and Kaprosuchus.

0. absent, jugal-ectopterygoid contact is inset from lateral surface of jugal, or at ventral

surface of jugal

1. present as a smooth but evident depression, below orbit

178. Jugal (anterior ramus), projection of ventral margin at maturity (NEW):

0. absent, ventral margin of anterior jugal ramus level with the ventral margin of

posterior ramus

1. present and poor, jugal gradually flares ventrally at a low angle, and ventral

projection is modest

2. present and deep, jugal flares anteriorly at a steep angle, and ventral projection is

conspicuous

179. Jugal (anterior ramus), presence of a ridge at dorsal edge, and relation with postorbital

bar (Ortega et al. 2000, ch34mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch167mod):

0. ridge absent, postorbital bar becomes flush with dorsal surface of jugal

1. ridge present, separating postorbital bar from lateral surface of jugal, but neither

conspicuous, nor projecting dorsally

2. ridge present and conspicuous, projecting dorsally and separating postorbital bar

from lateral surface of jugal

180. Jugal (anterior ramus), presence and number of neurovascular foramina (Andrade

2005, ch43mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch43mod):

0. single enlarged foramen anteriorly directed

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1. absent

2. multiple (2-5) small foramina, usually ventrally oriented

181. Jugal (anterior ramus), participation in the rostrum (Pol 1999, ch134; Turner &

Buckley 2008, ch122):

0. ramus short, does not progress anterior to the anteriormost border of the orbit, and

does not take part in the rostrum

1. at least moderately elongated, clearly surpassing the anteriormost border of the orbit

182. Jugal (anterior ramus), length (NEW):

Note that participation in the antorbital fenestra is independent of length of jugal, because

jugal can marginally reach the fenestra from its caudal end, corresponding to a poorly

elongated jugal (0). The character is most likely affected by ontogeny. Until this possibility

can be excluded, it is preferred not to code taxa solely represented by young specimens (e.g.,

Araripesuchus patagonicus, Araripesuchus tsangatsangana).

0. short to moderately elongated, but does not reach beneath the antorbital fenestra,

poorly contributing to rostrum

1. long, progress below antorbital fenestra and extensively takes part in the rostrum

183. Jugal, morphology of anterior end at maturity (NEW):

In state (1), anterior end is truncated and no wedge can be identified. In state (2), anterior

end is mostly truncated, but there is a clear acute process directed anteroventrally (in

lateral view) and laterally (in dorsal view), reaching the ventral margin of maxilla, next to

the alveolar surface.

0. rounded or wedging dorsally/medially

76 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. truncated

2. wedging ventrally/distally

184. Jugal fit to maxilla (NEW):

0. ventral border of jugal continuous with ventral border of maxilla, with outline in

lateral view straight or smoothly curved

1. ventral borders of jugal and maxilla not leveled and with a poor fit, as the maxilla is

at a lower level relative to the jugal

185. Jugal, presence of a blade-like prong, laterally projecting from midbody (Novas et al.

2009):

0. absent

1. present

186. Palpebrals, presence and number (Clark 1994, ch65mod; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch65):

Modified to exclude information about size, which can be sampled as a separate character.

The presence and morphology of palpebrals is here considered to be highly devious within

the analysis, always poorly sampled and including assumptions (e.g., putative fusion with

prefrontals X putative loss in thalattosuchians). Preservation and incomplete descriptions

contribute to a poor use of information as a character. Scores were considered only for taxa

that actually show meaningful information. The putative absence of palpebrals in

thalattosuchians has long been assumed (e.g., Fraas, 1901; Andrews, 1913), but it is

actually not possible to exclude that this element may be deeply fused with prefrontal,

leading to this modified version of state (0).

77 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent, or (anterior) palpebral is deeply fused with prefrontal

1. one large (anterior) palpebral present

2. two large palpebrals (anterior and posterior) present

187. Palpebrals, overall structure and size (based on Clark 1994, ch65mod):

The anterior palpebral is the best comparative element, when two palpebrals are present in

the taxon. Note that it is possible to produce two different binary characters from this one,

sampling robustness and size separately.

0. palpebrals are small and gracile

1. palpebrals are robust and large

2. palpebrals are robust, but small

188. Palpebral (anterior), shape (NEW):

Shape of palpebral may be inferred for certain taxa, based on the medial border of the orbit

(dorsal view), in the absence of the element.

0. elongated, scickle-like

1. elongated, delta-like

2. rectangular

189. Palpebral (anterior), attachment to the skull (Pol & Norell, 2004b, ch181; Turner &

Buckley, ch214):

Modified from the original, which referred to the attachment to the frontal. However,

palpebrals will attach to the primary orbital border, primarily with prefrontals, extending to

lachrymals and frontal depending on the group. Note that extensive suturing of palpebrals

to the skull is not exclusive to peirosaurids, and is also present in protosuchids,

78 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

baurusuchids and at least in derived goniopholidids. In state (1), the posterior edge may be

(i) free, (ii) incompletely sutured to the skull by its medial end.

0. reduced contact, palpebral sutured to skull only closer to its anterior edge, or not

sutured at all

1. long contact, palpebrals well sutured to the skull by at least anterior and medial

edges

2. extensive contact, palpebral fully sutured to the skull by anterior, medial and

posterior edges (including lateral end of posterior edge)

190. Palpebrals, contact between anterior and posterior elements, when both are present

(NEW):

In state (1), depending on the extent of contact of anterior palpebral with frontal, a fenestra

may be created, enclosed by palpebrals and frontal.

0. no sutural contact

1. small, posterior palpebral only contacts the anterior palpebral by the lateralmost end

of posterior edge

2. extensive, posterior palpebral contacts the anterior palpebral by most or all the

posterior edge

191. Postorbital bar, general structure at maturity (Norell 1989, ch3; Brochu 1999, ch70rev;

Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch53):

0. slender, gracile

1. massive and robust

192. Postorbital bar, cross-section (Benton & Clark 1988; Norell & Clark 1990. ch3; Clark

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1994, ch26rev; Turner & Bucley 2007, ch26rev):

Original coding considers Malawisuchus as (1), and Gavialis and Calsoyasuchus as (0);

these codings are not supported by observations. Hylaeochampsa is considered as (1).

Overall flattening of the postorbital bar must not be mistaken with the presence of a lamina

exending from the bar to the anterolateral process of the postorbital.

0. subcircular, bar cylindrical

1. elliptical, bar transversely flattened

193. Postorbital bar, relation to dermis (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch49):

Based on a modified version of characters in Clark (1994, ch25) and Ortega et al. (2000,

ch34), but not co-dependent.

0. subdermic, distinct, originating mesially from the jugal ramus

1. dermic, gradually narrowing

194. Postorbital bar, inclination in lateral view (Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch54):

It must be noticed that a third intermediate state may be used, as in and

Pelagosaurus the bar is only poorly inclined (subvertical; here scored as 1, nonetheless).

0. vertical

1. inclined, with dorsal end distal to the ventral end

195. Postorbital bar, inclination in anterior view (NEW):

Based on Andrade & Bertini (2008, ch54).

0. vertical

1. inclined, with dorsal end medial to the ventral end

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196. Postorbital bar, presence and number of projections (Norell 1989, ch2mod; Brochu

1999, ch134rev):

0. no projection

1. single projection, generally not prominent

2. two prominent projections

197. Postorbital bar, contribution from ectopterygoid (Clark 1994; ch26mod; Sereno et al.

2003, ch22; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch51):

0. absent, bar does not receive contribution from ectopterygoid

1. present, bar receives contribution from ectopterygoid

198. Postorbital bar, presence of ectopterygoid-postorbital contact (Clark 1994; ch26m; Pol

2003, ch144; Ortega et al. 2000, ch36; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch52):

0. absent

1. present

199. Postorbital bar, composition of lateral surface (Gasparini et al. 2006, ch244):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Thalattosuchia

0. lateral surface formed by postorbital and jugal

1. lateral surface formed by postorbital only, with jugal only exposed at the medial face

of the bar

200. Postorbital bar, morphology of postorbital-jugal contact (Clark 1994, ch16mod;

Ortega et al. 2000, ch37mod):

0. postorbital anterior to jugal

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1. postorbital medial to jugal, or slightly posterior to

2. postorbital lateral to jugal

201. Postorbital bar (postorbital), relation with dorsal part of the postorbital (Norell &

Clark 1990, ch3; Clark 1994, ch30; Salisbury et al. 2006, ch175):

0. bar broadens dorsally, continuous with dorsal part of postorbital

1. dorsal part of the postorbital bar constricted, with clear limits from the main body of

the postorbital

202. Postorbital bar (postorbital), presence of a vascular opening at the lateral edge of the

bar, close to the dorsal surface of the postorbital (Clark 1994, ch27) :

Note that scoring of state (0) can be highly influenced by preservation.

0. absent

1. present

203. Quadratojugal, morphology of dorsal process at posterodorsal angle of laterotemporal

fenestra (Clark 1994, ch19mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch19):

0. narrow relative to main body, contacting only a small part of postorbital

1. dorsal end expanded as a broad sheet, extensively contacting the postorbital

204. Quadratojugal, extension of anterodorsal ramus (Buscalioni et al. 1992, ch6; Brochu

1999, ch80):

0. quadratojugal reaches dorsal angle of infratemporal fenestra

1. quadratojugal does not extend to dorsal angle of infratemporal fenestra, and quadrate

participates in laterotemporal fenestra

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Palate and perichoanal structures (12.55% of characters)

205. Maxillo-palatine fenestrae (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch85):

Maxillo-palatinae fenestrae are here considered as homologous to the primary choanae of

goniopholidids.

0. absent

1. present, subcircular

2. present, anteroposteriorly elongated

206. ORD Suborbital fenestrae, presence and size (NEW):

0. absent

1. present, much smaller than orbits

2. present, subequal or larger than orbits

207. Suborbital fenestrae, shape of anterior border (Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch86):

Original scoring for Malawisuchus and Candidodon was (1), but possibly due to

taphonomic deformation, and both taxa should be scored as (?) until detailed description is

provided for each taxon. Nonetheless, state (1) is present in Thalattosuchia.

0. rounded, smooth

1. in sharp angle, forming a notch, fissure-like

208. ORD Anterochoanal fossae (NEW):

(1-2) present in Eusuchia, as putative apomorphy of crocodyloids

0. absent, bony surface flat

1. present as shallow fossae

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2. present as deep fossae

209. Parachoanal fossae, presence (Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch103):

0. absent

1. present

210. Palate, palatine rami of premaxillae (NEW):

A putative intermediate state can be inferred, where the rami exist as medial laminae, but

are not in contact; in this case, the character would be considered as ordered.

0. absent

1. present, in contact at the medial line and forming the anteriormost section of the

secondary bony palate

211. Palate, presence of contact between ventral rami of the maxillae (Clark 1994, ch10):

A putative intermediate state can be inferred, where the rami exist as medial laminae, but

are not in contact; in this case, the character would be considered as ordered.

0. absent, ventral rami are poorly developed and do not meet at medial line, with

secondary palate not formed

1. present, ventral rami meet each other at medial line, or meet vomer, and secondary

bony palate formed

212. ORD Palate, presence of palatal shelves of palatines, and their relation with the narial

passage (Clark 1994, ch37part):

Note that in (2) the palatal laminae may not be in contact (e.g., Eutretauranosuchus)

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0. palatal shelves of palatine absent, narial passage only bounded dorsally, by the

pterygoid

1. narial passage at least partially bounded by palatal shelves of the palatine, laterally,

creating the choanal grove

2. narial passage at least mostly bounded by palatal shelves of the palatine, laterally and

ventrally, forming the nasopharyngeal duct

213. Palate, relation between palatal shelves of the palatine (Clark 1994, ch37part):

Note that, in (1) the anterior projection of the choanal septum may caudally separate the

palatal shelves of the palatine, which is here not considered as a reversion, but as another

character.

0. palatal shelves of palatine absent or not fully in contact at medial line

1. palatal shelves of palatine fully developed, bounding the narial passage ventrally an

in contact at medial line, creating fully formed nasopharyngeal duct, with secondary

palate complete

214. Palate, participation of maxilla in the suborbital fenestra (Novas et al. 2009, ch231):

Rephrased from the original. Note that the maxilla of Mariliasuchus takes part in the

suborbital fenestra, as seen at least in MZSP-PV-50, UFRJ-DG-106-R, URC-R-67 and

URC-R-68 (contra Novas et al., 2009), as in Zaher et al. (2006) and Andrade & Bertini

(2008b). This makes the character autapomorphic for Yacarerani, although the condition is

unknown to Adamantinasuchus. It is true however that the participation of the maxilla in the

suborbital fenestra is feeble in Mariliasuchus, closely approaching the condition seen in

Yacarerani. Notosuchus also has a quite limited participation of maxilla, though not as

limited as in Mariliasuchus (see Andrade & Bertini, 2008b; Fiorelli & Calvo, 2008).

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0. takes part in the suborbital fenestra

1. fully excluded from the suborbital fenestra by a palatine-ectopterygoid contact,

anterior to suborbital fenestra

215. Palate, composition of anteromedial border of suborbital fenestrae (Andrade & Bertini

2008a, ch88part):

0. entirely composed of palatines, which expand laterally and reach the anteriormost

border of the fenestra

1. palatal ramus of maxilla takes part in the anteromedial border of the fenestra

216. Palate, presence of maxillary process to palatine, next to the anterior border of

antorbital fenestra (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch88part):

Reworded from original, and considering solely the presence of maxillary process. This

process, varying in specific shape, originates from the distal end of palatine ramus of

maxilla and projects at the palatine border, next to the anterior border of antorbital

fenestra. When (1) is present, the projection will constrict the anterior ramus of palatines at

maxillary palate and the anterior border of palatine will assume a three-radiated profile.

This character can only be scored in forms where the palatines/pterygoids enclose the narial

passage (i.e., ).

0. absent

1. present, palatines composing a three-radiated blade anteriorly

217. Palate, direction of the sutural contact of premaxilla-maxilla, at the palate (Ortega et

al. 2000, ch9mod):

0. curved posteriorly, premaxillary palate projects over maxillary palate

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1. straight, poorly arched or complex

2. curved anteriorly, maxillary palate projects over premaxillary palate

218. Palate, presence of maxilla-pterygoid contact medial to suborbital fenestra, in ventral

view (Sereno & Larsson, 2009):

State (1) is putative autapomorphy of Kaprosuchus.

0. absent, palatines take part in the suborbital fenestra

1. present, excluding palatines from suborbital fenestra

219. Palate, relative position of the distalmost suture of palatine, at the border suborbital

fenestra (Brochu 1999, ch85; Salisbury et al. 2006, ch85):

Original character sampled the position of the palatine-pterygoid suture, but was modified

because in a few mesoeucrocodylians the pterygoid does not reach this fenestra

(inapplicable for these taxa). Here are considered the position of either the palatine-

pterygoid or palatine-ectopterygoid suture, at the fenestra.

0. suture is at distal end of suborbital fenestra, or lateral to it, but very close

1. suture is located medial to posterior angle of suborbital fenestra, and far from it

220. Palate canals, presence (NEW):

Palate canals are a paired, parallel, elongated, tubular ducts connecting the internal nasal

cavity to the oral cavity, through the palatines. The orientation is almost coincident with the

horizontal plane and longitudinal axis, with very little deviation (0-5 degrees). The internal

openings are located anterior to the internal end of the nasopharyngeal duct. The external

openings are located at the anterior end of palatines and, because of its sub-horizontal

orientation, they progress as paired shallow (but well-defined) gutter-like grooves through

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the palatine laminae of the maxillae, at least to mid-rostrum. In Pelagosaurus, these

passages are located next the medial line of the palate, very close to each other, while in

Metriorhynchus the grooves diverge anteriorly (see Andrews, 1913). It is unclear if these

canals constitute passages for nerves, vessels, or gland ducts.

0. absent

1. present

221. Vomer, ventral exposure on palate (Norell 1988, ch22; Brochu 1999, ch125; Ortega et

al. 2000, ch59):

In basal crocodylomorphs, the vomer is always exposed (1), but within metasuchians, only

Melanosuchus, Simosuchus and Pabweshi undisputedly have the condition. Other taxa (e.g.,

Sphagesaurus, Hamadasuchus) have similar structures, often interpreted as an incisive

foramen, and here reinterpreted as a palate exposure of the vomer.

0. not exposed on palate, hidden by palatal branch of maxillae

1. exposed on palate between premaxillae and maxillae

222. Palatines, progression of the palatine process through the palate (if palatines meet in

the midline of palate):

0. short, anterior border medial to the anteriormost margin of the suborbital fenestrae,

or barely anterior to them

1. long, anterior border of palatines clearly surpassing the anteriormost border of the

suborbital fenestrae

223. Palatines, proportional length of anterior process, projecting at maxillary palate

(NEW):

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0. anterior process of palatines short, with length subequal to width

1. evidently longer than wide

224. Palatines, overall morphology of palatine process (NEW):

0. wide, fan-like

1. wide posteriorly and tapering anteriorly, wedging between palatine rami of maxilla

2. lateral margins parallel or flaring anteriorly

225. Palatines, morphology of anterior face of palatine process near medial line (NEW):

Based on a modified version of character by Brochu (1999, ch108). State (2) includes forms

with broad M-shaped (e.g., peirosaurids) and narrow M-shaped sutures (e.g.,

metriorhynchids). Conceptually it is possible to order the character. However, it is also

feasible to conceive a direct shift between states (0-2). Therefore, it is preferred not to order

this character.

0. rounded or pointed anteriorly, either U-shaped or V-shaped

1. truncated, maxillo-palatine suture transversally oriented relative to the skull

2. invaginated by at least a broad and short maxillary wedge, maxillo-palatine suture

M-shaped

226. Palatines, presence of a long medial process of the maxilla, posteriorly directed and

dividing the anterior face of palatine process (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae.

0. absent, anterior face of palatine process U-shaped, V-shaped or broad M-shaped

1. present, anterior face of palatine process clearly bifid, narrow M-shaped

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227. Palatines, heart-shaped anterior face of palatine process (Brochu 1999, ch108mod):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Paleosuchus palpebrosus and P. trigonatus, and is also

present in Ortogenysuchus and Mourasuchus.

0. absent, maxillo-palatine suture U-shaped, V-shaped, or M-shaped

1. present, anterior palatine process invaginated close to the medial line by maxilla,

with maxillo-palatine suture assuming a heart-shaped profile

228. Palatine bar, presence (Martinelli 2003, ch36mod; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch232mod):

0. absent

1. present, gracile

2. present as distinctively robust bars

229. Nasopharyngeal duct, width at its narrowest section relative to the skull width:

0. narrow in proportion to skull width, no more than 25%

1. wide in proportion to skull width, no less than 30%

230. Nasopharyngeal duct, presence of a deep sulcation on the ventral surface, where the

medial contact of palatine occurs (NEW):

0. absent

1. present

231. Nasopharyngeal duct, cross-section (NEW):

0. width is subequal to height, or greater

1. evidently higher than wide

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232. Anterochoanal sagittal crest, presence (NEW):

This crest, when present, progresses from the anterior choanal border and becomes flush

with the bony surface, shortly ahead. The presence of this crest is accentuated in taxa with

anterochoanal depressions, but is not a mere byproduct of these. State (1) is found in

eusuchians (e.g., Osteolaemus, Voay), where it is formed by the pterygoids. Yacarerani

presents a convergent condition (2), with an anterochoanal crest produced by the palatines.

0. absent, bony surface is smooth to concave

1. present, pterygoid surface at medial line projects ventrally anterior to the internal

naris, forming a discrete and short acute crest

2. present, bony surface of palatines projects ventrally at medial line, anterior to the

internal naris, forming a discrete and short acute crest

233. Choanae, size (area) relative to skull (Clark 1994, ch42mod):

0. very small

1. ample

234. Choanae and perichoanal fossa, width relative to the width of the nasopharyngeal duct

(NEW):

Based on Clark (1994), ch44; Sereno et al. (2003), ch31; Andrade & Bertini (2008a), ch101

0. narrow, width evidently smaller than the narrowest section of the nasopharyngeal

duct

1. subequal, wider than the narrowest section of the nasopharyngeal duct, but not wider

than the widest section

2. proportionally wide, clearly wider than the widest section of the nasopharyngeal duct

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235. ORD Choanae, position of anterior border of the internal naris relative to

nasopharyngeal duct and suborbital fenestra (Clark 1994, ch44mod, part; Pol & Norell

2004ab, ch44mod, part):

0. anterior border situated anterior to the suborbital fenestra

1. anterior border situated at mid-nasopharyngeal duct

2. anterior border close to the posterior end of the nasopharyngeal duct, or posterior to

it

236. Choanae, position of anterior border of the internal naris relative to pterygoid surface

at medial line (Clark 1994, ch44mod, part; Pol & Norell 2004ab, ch44mod, part):

Note that anterior pterygoid processes should not be considered (e.g., Kaprosuchus).

0. close to anterior end of pterigoyd, or anterior to it

1. at mid/posterior pterygoid surface

237. Choanae, position of posterior border relative to pterygoid ventral surface (NEW):

Based on Clark (1994, ch44); Pol & Norell (2004ab, ch44). Putative transition between

extreme states (2-0) prevents use of this character as an ordered series.

0. posterior border situated near the anterior edge of the pterygoids, or anterior to

pterygoids

1. posterior border situated approximately at mid-pterygoid

2. posterior border at posterior pterygoid surface

238. Choanae, shape of anterior border in palatal view (NEW):

0. rounded, straight, or invaginated

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1. choanal opening wedges between bony lamina as an acute V-shape, internal nares

assuming a lanceolate profile

239. Choanae, shape in palatal view (Andrade 2005, ch87mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008,

ch91mod):

State (0) corresponds to the basic bauplan and is present in most forms, Specific

morphologies are however present in certain groups, such as derived notosuchians (1) and

crown alligatorids (3). State (2) is putative apomorphy of Araripesuchus gomesii + A.

patagonicus; state (4) of Diplocynodon. Differences in size and proportions are sampled by

other characters.

0. subcircular, elliptic or lanceolated

1. triangle-like

2. rectangular

3. V-shaped or reversed triangle

4. butterfly-shaped

240. Choanae, general morphology (NEW):

0. choanae wider than long

1. length and width subequal

2. choanae longer than wide

241. Choanae, orientation (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch93):

Note corrected data from original analysis

0. ventrally oriented

1. posteroventrally oriented

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242. Choanae, participation of pterygoid in the choanal border (Clark 1994, ch43mod;

Brochu 1999, ch71mod; Jouve et al. 2005; ch4mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch43mod):

Note that the palatines may be excluded from the choanal border either in (2) and (3), but

the eusuchian condition is only achieved in (3). State (2) corresponds directly to state (1) of

Jouve et al. (2005; ch4), apomorphic for Elosuchus + dyrosaurids.

0. pterygoid only bounds the posterior border of the choanae

1. pterygoid forms at least the posterior and lateral choanal borders

2. anterolateral rami of pterygoid embrace most of the choanae, but do not meet

medially, at the anterior choanal border (either by the presence of palatine or ventral

exposure and expansion of interchoanal septum)

3. anterolateral rami of pterygoid completely embrace the choanae, meeting medially at

its anterior border (eusuchian choanae)

243. Choanae, presence of extensive contact between converging perichoanal pterygoid

laminae, anterior to choanae (NEW):

0. absent, anterior pterygoid laminae narrow anterior to choanae, or not in contact at all

1. present, anterior pterygoid laminae widely meet anterior to choanae

244. Interchoanal septum, exposure at internal naris (Clark 1994, ch69mod; Brochu 1999,

ch152mod; Ortega et al. 2000, ch137rev):

In taxa where the secondary palate is not formed (or incomplete), the septum appears as a

sagittal and ventrally directed lamina that is evident in ventral view, at the skull; it can thus

be scored. Note that codings change from the original sources, particularly for

baurusuchids, notosuchids, pholidosaurids and Diplocynodon.

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0. nasopharyngeal septum absent or receeded, not dividing the internal narial opening

1. present, nasopharyngeal septum of pterygoid fully dividing the choanal opening, or

evidently projecting from ventral surface of pterygoid, if choanal groove is not

enclosed by palatines

245. Interchoanal (nasopharyngeal) septum, exposure at the ventral surface of the

nasopharyngeal duct, anterior to the choanae (NEW):

Based on Clark (1994), ch43; Turner & Buckley (2008), ch43(mod)

0. absent, or nasopharyngeal septum receded and not exposed ventrally at all

1. present, interchoanal septum projects anteriorly between palatines, and expands

ventrally, creating a wide surface at the anterior choanal border

246. Interchoanal septum, presence of an acute groove on its ventral surface (Turner, 2004,

ch126; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch271):

Character refers to the ventral edge of the lamina that divides the choana, not to the internal

narial opening. Therefore, it may be scored even if septum is receded, or if nasopharyngeal

duct is not formed.

0. absent, ventral surface smooth to slightly depressed

1. present and evident, well marked

247. Interchoanal septum, shape (Pol & Apesteguia 2005, ch186mod; Turner & Buckley

2008, ch191mod):

Character refers to the ventral edge of the lamina that divides the choana, not to the internal

narial opening. Therefore, it may be scored even if septum is receded, or if nasopharyngeal

duct is not formed.

95 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. narrow vertical bony sheet

1. narrow vertical bony sheet, expanded ventrally, T-shaped in cross-section

2. narrow vertical bony sheet, inflated ventrally and forming a robust bar, semicircular

in cross-section

248. Interchoanal septum, morphology of ventralmost surface, as septum approaches

choanal opening (Pol & Apesteguia 2005, ch220mod; Turner & Buckley et al. 2008,

ch225):

0. parallel sided

1. tapers anteriorly

2. expanding both anteriorly and posteriorly, hourglass-shaped

3. tapers both anteriorly and posteriorly

249. Perichoanal ridge, presence at anterolateral edge of internal naris, late in ontogeny

(based on Brochu 1999, ch73mod):

0. absent, all anterolateral edge of choanae flush with remaining bony surface

1. present as a well defined wall, bounding at least the anterolateral border of the

internal naris

250. Perichoanal ridge, presence at posterolateral edge of choana, late in ontogeny (NEW):

0. absent, all posterolateral edge of choanae flush with remaining bony surface

1. present as a well defined wall, bounding at least the posterolateral border of the

internal naris

251. Perichoanal ridge, presence of a continuous wall around the internal naris, early in

96 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

ontogeny (Brochu 1999, ch73mod):

Coded as in the original, but modified based on direct observation of specimens, as other

taxa have evident walls at the anterolateral edge of the choanae. The character was also

redefined to be sampled in earlier ontogenetic stages. At least one mature specimen of

Osteolaemus shows loss of the posterior section of the wall. FMNH-98936 has a poorly

defined posterior wall, and other younger specimens have a complete perichoanal ridge.

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Osteolaemus + Voay. Note that Melanosuchus has

anterior and posterior walls composing an almost complete ridge, but the "neck" is not

continuous (0).

0. absent or incomplete, at least part of the choanal margin flush with bony surface

1. present, continuous

252. Ectopterygoid, relation with maxilla and toothrow (Brochu 1997, ch91m; Turner &

Buckley 2008, ch264m):

Modified from the original. In (0), ectopterygoid is very close to last 2-5 teeth, composing

the medial wall of the alveoli, or being very close to it. Separation by the maxilla (0) may

vary in morphology (wedge-shaped, spatulated), but will prevent close relation between

anterior process of ectopterygoid and medial edge of last 2-5 alveoli. The close contact

between the ectopterygoid and the last alveolus is not sampled here and is considered as (1).

0. ectopterygoid abuts maxillary toothrow at medial wall of distal alveoli

1. ectopterygoid broadly separated from last teeth in the toothrow by palatal ramus of

maxilla, or barely contacting maxilla

253. Ectopterygoid, presence of broad contact with palatine ramus of maxilla (NEW):

Based on a modified version of Brochu (1997, ch91). Basal forms within Sphenosuchia will

97 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

show no (or very limited) contact between ectopterygoid and maxilla (0). State (1) is

putative apomorphy of Crocodyliformes.

0. absent, ectopterygoid does not contact maxilla, or barely contacts its caudal end,

medial to jugal

1. present

254. Ectopterygoid, morphology of medial process (Ortega et al. 2000, ch146; Turner &

Buckley 2008, ch180):

0. single

1. forked

255. Ectopterygoid, development of the medial ramus (Andrade 2005, ch93; Zaher et al.

2006, ch196mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch98):

0. small, do not take part in the internal naris

1. well-developed, taking part in the internal naris

256. Ectopterygoid, morphology of the distal ramus (NEW):

Based on description by Pol & Apesteguia (2005: pg8), where the subcylindrical profile of

the distal ramus (1) was noted in Araripesuchus buitreraensis. The condition is shared at

least by other Araripesuchus, Montealtosuchus and a few other basal notosuchians.

0. laminar, extending as a flattened sheet over the pterygoid wing

1. robust, extending as a rod over most of the pterygoid wing, with subcircular cross-

section through most of its length

257. Ectopterygoid, length of posterior ramus, at maturity (Norell 1988, ch32mod; Brochu

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1999, ch149; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch269):

0. reaches posterior tip of lateral pterygoid flange

1. pinched off anterior to posterior tip of lateral pterygoid flange

258. Pterygoids, fusion posterior to choanae (Clark 1994, ch41):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Mesoeucrocodylia

0. not fused

1. fused

259. Pterygoid, participation in the suborbital fenestra (Martinelli 2003, ch35mod; Andrade

& Bertini 2008c, ch89mod):

0. pterygoid takes part in the suborbital fenestra

1. pterygoid excluded from the suborbital fenestra by a palatine-ectopterygoid contact

260. Pterygoid, presence of depression on primary pterygoidean palate posterior to choanae

(Ortega et al. 2000, ch139rev; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch42):

State (1) is present in several derived notosuchians.

0. absent or moderate in size, being narrower than palatine bar

1. wider than palatine bar

261. ORD Pterygoid ventral rami (wings), size (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch94mod):

0. very small or vestigial

1. well-developed

2. extremelly well-developed

99 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

262. Pterygoid ventral rami (wings), ventral surface at distal end (NEW):

Based on the discussions and descriptions by Ortega (2000, 2004), Sereno et al. (2003),

Peng & Shu (2005), and Turner & Buckley (2008). Bar transverse to the skull (=palatine

bar sensu Ortega 2004) is also present in (1).

0. plain surface

1. evident transverse ridge on ventral surface, forming a vertically oriented post-

choanal wall, or a buttressed bar

263. Pterygoid ventral rami (wings), structure (Andrade & Bertini 2008c, ch96):

0. laminar

1. robust

264. Pterygoid ventral rami (wings), orientation in lateral view (Andrade & Bertini 2008a,

ch95):

0. poorly to mildly inclined, no more than 45 degrees

1. strongly verticalized, 50 degrees or more relative to the horizontal plane

265. Pterygoid ventral rami (wings), extension of posterior border of ventral wings, in

ventral view:

0. relatively anterior, not covering the anteromedial end of quadrates

1. relatively posterior, covering the anteromedial end of quadrate

Occipital (3.09% of characters)

266. Supraoccipital, presence and development of tuberous prominences (Clark 1994, ch64;

Jouve et al. 2005; ch3):

100 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent

1. present, modest but evident

2. present and extremely developed

267. Supraoccipital, morphology of posterior wall (NEW):

The projection in (0) is often the result of the presence of a crest; similarly, a crest may

induce a concave shape, but this doesn't mean that the surface is deeply concave; the caudal

elongation of the dorsal margin does not make the surface itself concave. State (1) occurs in

Dyrosauridae, and refers to the particular morphology found in this group, where the

posterior face of the supraoccipital is deeply concave as a whole, regardless of the

presence/absence of crest, or long dorsal margin.

0. essentially flat, or projecting distally

1. strongly concave

268. Exoccipitals, overall morphology (Norell 1988, ch20mod; Clark 1994, ch57mod;

Brochu 1999, ch151):

0. terminate dorsal to basioccipital tubera

1. send robust process ventrally and participate in basioccipital tubera

2. send slender process ventrally to basioccipital tubera

269. Exoccipitals, presence of a large ventrolateral part ventral to paroccipital process

(Clark 1994, ch60):

Note different codings in derived notosuchians

0. absent

1. present

101 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

270. Exoccipitals, presence of medial contact between both elements (Clark 1994, ch62;

Ortega et al. 2000, ch63):

Can also be defined as the participation of supraoccipital in the foramen magnum.

0. do not meet in midline

1. meet on the midline, dorsal to the basioccipital, excluding the supraoccipital from the

foramen magnum

271. Exoccipitals, presence of a pronounced transverse ridge dorsal to foramen magnum

(based on Peng & Shu 2005):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Hsisosuchidae

0. absent or incipient

1. present

272. Exoccipitals, participation in the occipital condyle (based on Peng & Shu 2005; as in

Jouve et al. 2005, ch5):

0. absent or incipient, neither reaching the articular surface nor meeting medially

1. present and evident, reaching the articular surface and meeting medially

273. Exoccipital, presence of descending flange ventral to subcapsular process (Clark 1994,

ch58):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of protosuchids, but also present at least in Araripesuchus

tsangatsangana.

0. absent

1. present, laterally concave

102 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

274. Exoccipital, extent of contact with the quadrate (Clark, 1994: ch48mod):

Note that this character can be fused with character 51 of Clark (1994), into one ordered

series, as both refer to the contact between exoccipitals and quadrate. Following the present

format, (1) is a putative apomorphy of Mesoeucrocodylia; (0) also in and

Terrestrisuchus.

0. absent or narrow

1. broad contact present, stabilizing the quadrate

275. Exoccipital, presence of ventrolateral contact with the ventromedial part of quadrate

(Clark 1994, ch51mod):

Focus of character (51) modified from quadrate to exoccipital, to make evident its relation

with character 48 (original numbers of Clark, 1994). Note that both characters may be

fused into one ordered series, as they refer to the contact between both elements. Following

the present format, (1) is putative apomorphy of Crocodylia (=Crocodyliformes; see Martin

& Benton, 2008); (0) also in Dibothrosuchus and

0. absent, quadrate does not contact exoccipital

1. present, exoccipital and quadrate enclosing carotid artery and forming passage for

cranial nerves IX-XI

276. Exoccipital, presence of individualised passage (metopic foramen) for cranial nerve IX

(Clark 1994, ch59; Ortega et al. 2000, ch64):

0. absent, cranial nerves IX-XI pass through a common large foramen

1. metopic foramen present, medial to cranial passage for nerves X-XI

103 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

277. Exoccipitals, presence of an evident boss on lateral edge of paroccipital process

(Brochu 1999, ch141part, rev; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch268part, rev; Sereno &

Larsson 2009, ch166part):

Character modified to separate the robustness of the paroccipital processes (here) from the

lateral projection of the structure itself (other character). Note that use of character finds

strong disagreement in the literature (e.g., compare Turner & Buckley 2008, and Sereno &

Larsson 2009). Codings included here overall follow Turner & Buckley (2008), but see

detailed notes. The boss (1) is present in several non-eusuchian taxa (e.g., Goniopholis,

Sarcosuchus, Bernissartia), but the paroccipital process tends to be laminar in most other

groups (e.g., notosuchians, basal crocodylomorphs). The boss also disappears in crown

eusuchians/crocodylians. Notosuchians in particular (e.g., Notosuchus, Sphagesaurus,

Baurusuchus) have the paroccipital process as a laminar blade of bone, flattened against

the squamosal, with no particular thickening at the lateral edge.

0. absent, exoccipital with small or no boss on paroccipital process

1. present, paroccipital process with a proportionally robust, thickened

lateral/ventrolateral edge

278. Exoccipitals, elongation of lateral end (=paraocciptal process) relative to the skull roof

(Brochu 1999, ch141part, rev; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch268part, rev; Sereno &

Larsson 2009, ch166part):

Character modified to separate the projection of the paroccipital processes (here) from the

robustness of the structure itself (other character). The lateral projection of the paroccipital

process is taken relative to width of the skull roof, not the posterolateral process of

squamosal (to the quadrate). (1) is putative apomorphy of crown Eusuchia, but not

exclusively present in this group.

104 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. relatively short, does not progress lateral to the skull roof

1. relatively long, clearly progress lateral to the skull roof

279. Exoccipital, projection of the lower margin of paraoccipital process (NEW):

State (0) is putative apomorphy of Mesoeucrocodylia, but with reversion in Dyrosauridae

0. absent or feeble, ventral border usually level with foramen magnum

1. present and evident, lower margin reaching ventrally at least as far as the same level

as the occipital condyle

280. Exoccipital, morphology of ventral border of paraoccipital process (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Dyrosauridae

0. either projects as a wide blade, or projection is feeble/absent

1. projects ventrally as a narrow bar, rod-like

Braincase, basicranium and suspensorium (5.97% of characters)

281. Crista interfenestralis between fenestrae pseudorotunda and ovalis, orientation (Clark

1994, ch61):

0. nearly vertical

1. horizontal

282. Mastoid antrum, extension into supraoccipital (Clark 1994, ch63):

0. absent, does not extend into supraoccipital

1. present, extends through transverse canal in supraoccipital to connect middle ear

regions

105 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

283. Lateral carotid foramen, position relative to basisphenoid (lateral exposure), at

maturity (Brochu 1999, ch128):

0. opens lateral to basisphenoid lateral exposure

1. opens dorsal to basisphenoid lateral exposure

284. Anterior foramen for palatine ramus of cranial nerve VII, position relative to

basisphenoid rostrum (Brochu 1999, ch164):

0. ventrolateral to basisphenoid rostrum

1. ventral to basisphenoid rostrum

285. Laterosphenoid, orientation of capitate process (Brochu 1999, ch130; Salisbury et al.

2006):

0. capitate process oriented laterally towards midline

1. capitate process oriented anteroposteriorly towards midline

286. ORD Basisphenoid, ventral exposure in adults and young individuals, but not

immature or hatchlings (Clark 1994, ch55rev+56rev; Ortega et al. 2000, ch68mod):

Original characters by Clark (1994, ch55-56) actually reflect the size of basisphenoid and

here were combined into one character. Note disagreement in the coding from previous

works, e.g., Clark (1994) considers thalattosuchians as (2) and Turner & Buckley (2008)

considers them as (1); Turner & Buckley (2008) considers Mahajangasuchus as (0), whereas

here it is considered as (1). Most authors consider "Sphenosuchians" as (1), but the

basisphenoid is well exposed at least in Gracilisuchus, Sphenosuchus and possibly in

Pseudhesperosuchus (see Bonaparte, 1971; Romer, 1972; Walker, 1990). Further codings

by Turner & Buckley (2008).

106 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. extremely reduced surface, exposed as a transversal slit, almost obliterated ventrally

by the basioccipital and the pterygoids

1. well-exposed, although basisphenoid surface clearly smaller than basioccipital

surface

2. ample surface exposed ventrally, basisphenoid at least as long as the basioccipital, or

longer

287. Basioccipital, cross-section of occipital condyle (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Dyrosauridae

0. subcircular, condyle not compressed

1. strongly elliptic, condyle dorsoventrally flattened

288. Basioccipital, presence of basal tubera (Clark 1994, ch57; Lauprasert et al. 2007,

ch46):

0. absent

1. tubera present, large and pendulous

289. Basipterygoid process, development (Clark 1994, ch54rev):

0. small or absent

1. prominent, forming a movable joint with pterygoid, and with basisphenoid joint

suturally closed

290. Eustachian tubes, relation to basioccipital and basisphenoid (Clark 1994, ch52):

State (0) occurs also in Dibothrosuchus and

0. not enclosed between basioccipital and basisphenoid

107 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. entirely enclosed between the basioccipital and basisphenoid

291. ORD Quadrate, orientation of main body in lateral view (Ortega et al. 2000, ch44mod):

Original format (Ortega et al. 2000, ch44): Quadrate inclination with respect to a

horizontal plane including the cranial roof: craniocaudal axis of quadrate inclined more

than 45 degrees (0); craniocaudal axis of quadrate inclined less than 45 degrees (1). Most

mesoeucrocodylians depict state (1).

0. poorly inclined, subvertical

1. slightly inclined posteriorly, approximately 45 degrees

2. strongly inclined, with quadrate almost horizontal

292. ORD Quadrate, orientation in dorsal view (NEW):

0. does not project laterally to the skull, with the lateral surface of the quadrate covered

by the squamosal

1. slightly projected laterally to the skull, with most of the laterodistal end of the

quadrate covered by the squamosals

2. strongly projected laterally to the skull, exposing most of the distal end of the

quadrate

293. Quadrate, orientation of distal end and condylar head (Pol 1999, ch166mod; Ortega et

al. 2000, ch44mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch149mod):

Modified to combine original states (1) and (2); as the latter applies only to Simosuchus, the

state has no function within the analysis. Modification is consistent with ordering originally

used.

0. directed posteroventrally

108 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. directed mostly ventrally, or anteroventrally

294. Quadrate, presence of preotic siphonial foramen on medial surface, close to tympanum

(based on Clark 1994, ch45part):

0. absent

1. present

295. Quadrate, presence of fenestrae on the dorsolateral-posteromedial surfaces (Clark

1994, ch45part; Ortega et al. 2000, ch51rev; Sereno et al. 2003, ch35):

0. fenestrae absent or limited to one opening (preotic siphonial foramen)

1. two or more fenestrae additional to siphonial foramen (if siphonial foramen present)

296. Quadrate, structure (NEW):

Based on description of Notosuchus by Bonaparte (1991), but see also Andrade & Bertini

(2008a).

0. non-pneumatic

1. highly pneumatic

297. Quadrate, morphology of posterior edge (Clark 1994, ch46):

0. broad medial to tympanum, gently concave

1. posterior edge narrow dorsal to exoccipital contact, strongly concave

298. Quadrate, articulation of primary head (Clark 1994, ch47):

0. prootic, squamosal, and exoccipital

1. prootic and laterosphenoid

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299. Quadrate, position of foramen aerum, next to the articular condyle (Brochu 1999,

ch121mod):

0. foramen aerum single, on mediodorsal angle of the quadrate, close to the condyle

1. foramen aerum single, on dorsal surface of the quadrate, close to the condyle

2. foramen aerum double, being the medial foramen on the mediodorsal angle of the

quadrate and distant to the condyle, and the lateral foramen on the dorsal surface and

close to the condyle

300. Quadrate condyle, size of medial hemicondyle relative to lateral hemicondyle, and

presence of intercondylar groove (Ortega et al. 2000, ch53; Andrade & Bertini 2008a,

ch68; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch170):

0. medial hemicondyle smaller or subequal to lateral one, poorly curved, and with

intercondylar groove incipient at best

1. medial hemicondyle evidently larger than the lateral one, round and projecting

ventrally, with intercondylar groove evident

301. Quadrate condyle, expansion of medial hemicondyle (Brochu 1999, ch112mod, part):

Original character complex, was here decomposed into different conditions. This version

samples the original state (3), here represented as (1), which is the presence of an expanded

medial condyle, a putative apomorphy of crocodyloids, but also present in basal eusuchians

(e.g., Asiatosuchus).

0. absent

1. present, medial hemicondyle is expanded.

110 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

302. External auditory meatus, general morphology (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of crown eusuchians.

0. subpolygonal to elliptic

1. triangle-shaped, with apex directed dorsally

303. External auditory meatus, size (NEW):

0. very small, poorly visible (even in lateral view)

1. medium to large, conspicuous

304. External auditory meatus, position of squamosal-quadrate suture at distal edge

(Brochu 1999, ch132):

Following Delfino et al. (2008), the condition is unclear in taxa with a laterally opened

cranioquadrate canal. However, the original format is used (instead of the modified version

by Delfino et al., 2008), as the squamosal-quadrate contact is already represented by

another character in this analysis (even in Delfino et al., 2008, the character 132:0

overweights the condition found in character 102:0).

0. squamosal-quadrate suture extends dorsally along posterior margin of external

auditory meatus, directed anterodorsally

1. squamosal-quadrate suture extends only to posteroventral corner of external auditory

meatus, directed anteroventrally or horizontal

305. Otic aperture, morphology of distal margin (Brochu 1999, ch102mod; Salisbury et al.

2006, ch102mod; Delfino et al. 2008, ch102mod):

The character is modified from previous versions (Salisbury et al., 2006; Delfino et al.,

2008), from its original (Brochu 1999, ch102). Interpretation by Delfino et al. (2008)

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provides a clear view of the different conditions found in neosuchians, but use of three states

actually overweights the putative primitive condition (0; i.e., laterally open cranioquadrate

canal) with his character-state (132:0). The same problem occurs in this dataset, since a

laterally opened canal is already sampled by other character already included. Here, this

character reverts to its original coding (Brochu 1999; Salisbury et al., 2006), but state (0) is

altered with the use of proposal by Delfino et al. (2008), to allow scoring of taxa with a

laterally opened canal.

0. posterior margin not defined and gradually merging into the exoccipital, or smooth

and continuous with the paraoccipital process, but never invaginated

1. distal margin inset or invaginate

306. Cranioquadrate canal, presence and position (Clark 1994, ch49mod):

Cranioquadrate canal (=quadratosquamosootoccipitalis, in Salisbury et al., 1999; or

=quadratosquamosoexoccipitalis, in Delfino et al., 2008) does not imply in the presence of a

passage, and therefore may be opened laterally. The canal is only considered absent (0) in

basal crocodylomorphs and basal crocodyliformes. Note dramatic change in coding from

previous works, for Pelagosaurus and teleosaurids. In these forms, although the

cranioquadrate passage is fully opened laterally, its medial margin is at a more medial

position, below the paraoccipital process.

0. absent

1. at least partially enclosed by quadrate, exoccipital and squamosal, with distal end

near lateral edge of skull

2. at least partially enclosed by quadrate, exoccipital and squamosal, with distal end

located ventral to paraoccipital process

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307. Cranioquadrate canal, general structure (NEW):

The character evaluates the three different ways by which the cranioquadrate canal may be

enclosed, but also samples for the presence of the cranioquadrate passage. In state (0), the

passage is absent. A fundamental distinction between states (1) and (2) is that removal of

the squamosal in a taxon with condition (1) will fully expose the lateral section of the canal,

while in a taxon with condition (2) the canal will remain (at least partially) enclosed. Note

that condition (1) implies in the presence of quadrate-squamosal contact lateral to the

canal; (0) implies in the absence; (2) does not imply in the contact of these elements.

0. canal laterally open or not formed, and cranioquadrate passage absent

1. passage fully formed, with canal enclosed at least distally by the exoccipital and

squamosal, regardless of the participation of the quadrate

2. passage fully formed, with canal laterally enclosed by quadrate and squamosal, and

exoccipital only bounding the canal medially

3. passage fully formed, with canal laterally enclosed by quadrate and exoccipital,

regardless of the participation of the squamosal

308. Cranioquadrate canal, lateral contact between quadrate and exoccipital (NEW):

Contact between quadrate and exoccipital is extensive (1) in all crown crocodylians, but in

all stem metasuchians this contact is feeble or absent (0).

0. narrow or absent

1. broad

309. Cranioquadrate passage, exposure in occipital view (Buscalioni & Sanz 1990; Ortega et

al. 2000; ch160mod; Buscalioni et al. 2001, ch166rev; Delfino et al. 2005, ch166rev):

0. exposed on occipital surface

113 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. shielded posteriorly by the ventral border of paraoccipital process, with passage not

exposed in occipital view

Mandible (11.73% of characters)

310. Oral symphyseal fossa, presence (NEW):

0. absent

1. present as a small depressed area, anteroposteriorly elongated, located at the medial

line of symphysis, in the oral cavity

311. Posteroventral symphyseal fossa, presence of a single depressed area at the posterior

end of symphysis, in ventral view (NEW):

State (1) is a putative apomorphy for Dyrosaurus. The depression occurs on the ventral

surface of splenials, at the medial line of the symphysis. It must not be mistaken for the

depressed area that becomes apparent on the symphysis, when splenials are not preserved

(in forms where the splenials participate in the symphysis).

0. absent or feeble

1. evident, deep, longer than wide

312. External mandibular fenestra, presence (Clark 1994, ch75mod; Ortega et al. 2000,

ch80rev):

0. absent

1. present as a diminutive passage

2. present as an evident fenestra

313. External mandibular fenestra, size relative to the orbit (NEW):

114 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Based on Ortega et al. (2000, ch80).

0. extremely reduced or absent, less than 50% of the length of the orbit, with surangular

and angular sutured along most of (or all) their length

1. small, approximately with the same length of the orbit

2. large, evidently longer than the orbit

314. External mandibular fenestra, orientation of main axis (NEW):

0. horizontal

1. main axis inclined, directed anteroventrally-posterodorsally

315. External mandibular fenestra, shape (NEW):

0. subcircular to poorly elliptic

1. highly elliptic, anteroposterior axis much longer than dorso-ventral axis, three time

or more, but both ends rounded

2. slit-like, proportionally very long and both ends acute

3. broad teardrop-like

4. narrow teardrop-like

5. triangle

316. External mandibular fenestra, morphology of anterior margin (NEW):

State (1) is present in peirosaurids, Araripesuchus and closely related taxa. Note that

Baurusuchus was reconstructed as (1), but is actually (0).

0. curved, with a broad arched margin anteriorly

1. anterodorsal and anteroventral margins poorly arched, meeting at an acute angle

anteriorly, anterior end is wedge-like

115 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

317. Mandible, presence of evident festooning at anterior mandible (NEW):

0. absent, margin straight, in lateral view

1. present, projecting dorsally at the premaxilla-maxilla suture

318. Mandible, presence of evident festooning at mid mandible (after Ortega et al. 2000,

ch21rev):

0. absent, margin straight in lateral view, or moderately concave

1. present and incipient, with dorsal edge of dentary weakly sinusoidal in lateral view

2. present and evident, with dorsal edge of dentary strongly sinusoidal in lateral view

319. Mandible, overall morphology in dorsal view:

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Alligatoridae/Alligatoroidea, but occurs in

Mahajangasuchus, Anatosuchus and Comahuesuchus.

0. mandible is narrow, hemimandibles are confluent, with left and right alveolar

margins running alongside each other

1. mandible is broad, hemimandibles are mostly parallel, but alveolar margins meet

medially at first alveolus forming a wide arched line, giving the mandible a broad-U

shape

320. Mandible, orientation of hemimandibles at their medial contact (NEW):

0. evidently acute angle, hemimandibles meet at c. 45 degrees of each other, or less

1. broad angle, hemimandibles meet at c. 70 degrees of each other, or more

321. Mandible, morphology of distal rami in dorsal/ventral views (NEW):

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Note that the broad-Y shape in (1) is not the result of elongation of the symphysis (which is

present, but not exclusivelly in these forms), but by the arched distal rami, meeting at mid-

mandible. State (1) is putative apomorphy of Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae.

0. distal rami mostly straight or poorly curved

1. distal rami strongly curved medially at mid-mandible, giving the mandible a broad-Y

shape

322. ORD Mandible, ventral border at angular, in lateral view (NEW):

The character is new in its conception, but potentially co-dependent with Pol et al.

(submitted, ch280), which is not included here (see also Turner & Buckley, 2008; ch280).

State (0) is based on descriptions by Woodward (1896), Price (1945) and Andrade & Bertini

(2008b). State (2) is originally based on descriptions by Hooley (1907), Schwarz (2002) and

Osi et al. (2007).

0. angular straight and mostly horizontal, or poorly curved, from the anterior to the

posterior end

1. angular evidently (but gently) curved

2. angular abruptly curved, always below glenoid fossa, with mid-posterior sections of

angular sub-vertical, facing posteriorly

323. Mandible, morphology of ventral margin, in lateral view (NEW):

The triple contact between dentary, angular and surangular can be taken as reference, if

mandibular fenestra is absent

0. mandible is curved ventrally, with maximum curvature at anterior section of angular,

below the mandibular fenestra (when present), or not curved at all

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1. mandible is curved posteroventrally, with maximum curvature at posterior section of

angular, below (or almost below) the mandibular glenoid fossa, usually posterior to

mandibular fenestra (when present)

324. Mandible, dorsal border at dentary-surangular contact, in lateral view (Clark 1994,

ch74; Sereno et al. 2003, ch41):

State (2) is putative apomorphy of Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae + Comahuesuchidae.

0. mostly straight

1. gently arched dorsally

2. strongly arched dorsally

325. Mandible, presence of an evident coronoid process, projecting dorsally or

anterodorsally (Andrade & Bertini 2008a; ch112):

Note that coding and conception differs from the original, and frequent referral in the

literature (e.g., Turner & Buckley, 2008; Sereno & Larsson, 2009). A coronoid process is

laminar, and projects dorsally or anterodorsally, distinct from the dorsal edge of the

mandible; here, a simply dorsally arched border is not considered to be a coronoid process.

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae, but is present also in Iharkutosuchus

and Tomistoma.

0. absent

1. present

326. Mandible, relation between surangular and articular (Brochu 1999, ch60):

0. truncated, sulcus present between surangular and articular

1. continuous, articular flush against surangular

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327. Mandible, position of caudal end of surangular-angular suture relative to articular

(Brochu 1999, ch67):

0. lingually meets articular at ventral tip

1. meets articular dorsal to ventral tip

328. Mandible, morphology of angular-surangular suture and relation with external

mandibular fenestra, at late ontogeny (Norell 1988, ch40; Brochu 1999, ch47):

Character modified to allow scoring of taxa without fenestra.

0. angular-surangular suture mostly horizontal, contacting fenestra at posterior angle

(when fenestra is present)

1. angular-surangular suture curves ventrally at anterior end, passing broadly along

ventral margin of fenestra (when fenestra is present)

329. Mandible, presence of a splenial crest (NEW):

0. absent

1. present as a long, laminar and horizontal blade, next to the alveolar margin,

projecting medially

330. Mandible, presence of a conspicuous and robust surangular crest on the lateral surface

of the mandible, next to the glenoid fossa (Turner & Buckley 2008, ch287):

0. absent

1. present

331. Symphysis, orientation relative to the horizontal plane (NEW):

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Based on discussion by Ortega et al. (2000).

0. horizontal or slightly inclined

1. inclined dorsally

332. Symphysis, length relative to width (NEW):

In this particular format, states partially overlap with shape of mandible, but are not

coincident (avoiding co-dependence). Information on mandible shape included in states

merely makes evident that these characters are not co-dependent. In (0), AP/ML ratio is

equal or lower than 1, an in (2) it is equal or greater than 5. AP = anteroposterior axis; ML

= medial-lateral.

0. short, length and width subequal or shorter than wide, and mandible "U" or "V-

shaped"

1. proportionally long, longer than wide, and mandible "V" or "Y-shaped"

2. extremely long, length at least five times its width, and mandible "Y-shaped"

333. Symphysis, morphology of anterior end (NEW):

State (0) may originate from any other state, otherwise series could be ordered.

0. symphysis tapers anteriorly, with no constriction at mid-posterior sections

1. symphysis clearly constricted at fifth-sixth alveoli

2. symphysis flares anteriorly, with anterior region bearing teeth 1-4 at anterior margin

and posterior region narrower (but constriction poorly defined)

3. symphysis flares anteriorly, with anterior region bearing teeth 1-2 at anterior margin

and posterior region narrower (but constriction poorly defined)

334. Symphysis, morphology of dorsal surface (Pol & Apesteguia 2005, ch184; Turner &

120 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Buckley 2008, ch189):

The character was originally proposed as an apomorphy for Araripesuchus (see Pol &

Apesteguia, 2005), but it was identified at least in Baurusuchus (see Riff & Kellner, 2001),

and is also possibly present in Sebecus and Bergisuchus. The condition is certainly absent

(0) from A. wegeneri and A. tsangatsangana. Currently, among taxa referred to

Araripesuchus, only A. gomesii, A. rattoides and Araripesuchus sp. MPCA-PV-236 possess

trough-shaped symphysis. Unfortunately, the condition is unknown (?) in A. patagonicus

and A. buitreraensis, and several non-araripesuchid taxa.

0. flat or slightly concave

1. strongly concave and narrow, trough shaped

335. Symphysis, presence of posterior splenial peg (Pol & Apesteguia 2005, ch181):

0. absent

1. present

336. ORD Symphysis, shape of anterior end in dorsal view (NEW):

0. anterior end expanded, fan-like

1. anterior end expanded, rounded to sub-quadratic

2. not expanded

337. Dentary, presence of an occlusal pit or strong concavity for the reception of an

enlarged maxillary caniniform (Buckley & Brochu 1999, ch105mod; Turner &

Buckley, ch158mod):

Note that scoring differs significantly from previous authors.

0. absent

121 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. present, occlusal concavity lateral to the 5th-7th alveoli

2. present, occlusal concavity lateral to the 8th-9th alveoli

338. Dentary, morphology of distal end (Clark 1994, ch70mod):

Original format by Clark (1994, ch70) was reversed and modified to allow (i) scoring of

taxa with greatly reduced or absent mandibular fenestrae (ii) proper scoring of the

condition in notosuchids and Adamantinasuchus, which display a somewhat intermediate

condition (1). When mandibular fenestra is absent, states can be differentiated by the

morphology of caudal end (single, posterodorsally directed; posteroventral ramus

incipient; forked).

0. dentary tappers posterodorsally into a single ramus, usually acute, extending only

dorsal to the mandibular fenestra

1. dentary extends dorsally to the mandibular fenestra, and almost vertically ventral to

the anterior margin of the fenestra (posteroventral ramus incipient)

2. dentary distal end bifurcated, usually extending both dorsally and ventrally to the

mandibular fenestra (if fenestra present and not reduced), with posteroventral ramus

evidently present and well developed

339. Dentary, morphology of dorsal ramus at distal end, next (dorsal) to mandibular

fenestra (NEW):

State (1) is evident in undoubtely present in Montealtosuchus, Uberabasuchus,

Araripesuchus. It confers to the mandibular fenestra: (i) an acute profile anteriorly; (ii) an

overall teardrop-like profile. However, this is not the only morphology determining an acute

anterior end to the mandibular fenestra.

0. dentary ramus dorsal to fenestra follows dorsal edge of fenestra

122 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. dentary ramus dorsal to fenestra projects posteroventrally as a laminar blade,

partially shielding the fenestra laterally and creating a secondary, straight to slightly

convex anterodorsal border.

340. Dentary distal end, extension relative to the distal margin of the orbit (NEW):

0. relatively short, do not reach posterior to the orbit

1. relatively long, reaches posterior to the orbit

341. Splenials, general structure (Ortega et al. 1996, ch7; Buckley & Brochu 1999, ch110;

Turner & Buckley 2008, ch161):

0. thin posterior to symphysis

1. robust dorsally, posterior to symphysis

342. Splenials, involvement in symphysis, in ventral view (Clark 1994, ch77mod; Brochu

1999, ch43mod; Ortega et al. 2000, ch88mod):

0. absent, splenials do not take part in the symphysis

1. present, splenials are visible at the distal end of symphysis, in ventral view

343. Splenials, extent of involvement in symphysis (Clark 1994, ch77mod; Turner &

Buckley 2008, ch77mod):

Character modified from original to allow further division and redefinition of states.

Original format provided no criterion for distinction between "slight" and "extensive"

participation, and width of symphysis is a practical standard (length of symphysis would

mascarade the character in longirostrine forms). Note that this change in definition imply in

new scorings for certain taxa (e.g., Hsisosuchus: 1->2).

123 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. marginal, or none at all

1. modest but evident, with length of splenials at symphysis approximately the same as

the width of the symphysis

2. extensive participation, length of splenials at symphysis much longer than width of

symphysis

344. Splenials, morphology at their contact in the symphysis, in ventral view (Pol &

Apesteguia 2005, ch180; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch185):

0. V-shaped

1. U-shaped

345. Splenial, participation in the medial wall of the posterior mandibular alveoli (NEW):

In (1), if splenial is removed, the alveoli get exposed medially.

0. does not take part, splenial may reach the alveolar margin, but alveoli are delimited

solely by the dentary

1. participates in the distalmost alveoli, supporting teeth

346. Surangular, extension of the anterior lateral ramus (NEW):

0. short, does not extend beyond the orbit

1. long, extends at least to the same relative position as the anterior border of the orbit,

or reaches beyond the orbit

347. Surangular, proportional development of lateral and medial rami, at anterior end

(Andrade & Bertini 2008a, 2008b, ch113mod; Turner & Buckley, 2008, ch289):

0. medial ramus absent or incipient, with lateral ramus well developed

124 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. medial ramus well developed, subequal ro lateral ramus, and dentary-surangular

suture evidently complex

348. Surangular, morphology of lateral anterior process (Ortega et al., 2000; ch96):

0. single

1. forked, with a dorsal and a ventral process evident

349. Surangular, relative length of the anterior processes of the lateral anterior ramus

(Brochu 1999, ch48mod):

0. unequal, dorsal process much longer, or ventral process absent

1. subequal to equal

2. unequal, ventral process longer

350. Surangular, presence of extension to the retroarticular process (Norell 1988, ch42mod;

Brochu 1999, ch51rev):

0. absent, pinched off anterior to tip of retroarticular process, or surangular excluded

from process

1. present, extends to posterior end of retroarticular process

351. Coronoid, relation with foramen intermandibularis medius (Norell 1988, ch12; Brochu

1999, ch46):

0. limited, coronoid only bounds posterior half of the foramen

1. extensive, completely surrounds foramen

2. extensive, obliterates foramen

125 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

352. Coronoid, morphology of dorsal edge (Brochu 1999, ch54):

0. slopes strongly anteriorly

1. almost horizontal

353. Angular, presence of insertion area for M pterygoideus posterior onto its lateral

surface (Clark 1994, ch76):

0. absent, M pterygoideus posterior limited to the posterior/ventral surfaces of angular

1. present and evident

354. Prearticular, presence (Clark 1994, ch72rev; Sereno et al. 2003, ch39):

0. absent

1. present

355. Mandiblular glenoid fossa, length relative to width (Wu & Sues 1996, ch23mod;

Ortega et al. 2000, ch105; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch104):

0. short, length smaller than width, matching the dimensions of the quadrate condyle

1. length at least equal to width, or longer, and evidently longer than the quadrate

condyle

356. Mandibular glenoid fossa, development of posterior margin (Pol & Apesteguia 2005,

ch181mod):

Modified to further divide the condition commonly found in notosuchians, where the

posterior wall is missing (0-1). However, in several forms the articular surface is well

defined and separated from the retroarticular process (1). In derived notosuchians these

surfaces are continuous (0).

126 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. posterior margin smoothly progressing to the retroarticular process, with glenoid

fossa poorly defined

1. posterior margin delimited by a corner, and the glenoid fossa clearly delimited

2. posterior margin well developed, evidently high

357. Mandibular glenoid fossa, participation of surangular in the articulation (Buckley &

Brochu 1999, ch 102; Ortega et al. 2000, ch99mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch156):

0. does not take part, or barely takes part on the lateral wall of the fossa

1. broadly participates in the glenoid fossa, forming approximately one third of its

surface, with quadratojugal also broadly contributing to the quadrate condyle

358. Retroarticular process, development (Clark 1994, ch71part):

For practical purposes, a retroarticular process is here considered as (1) when its

orientation can be established.

0. absent or poorly developed

1. present and evidently projecting posterior to glenoid fossa

359. ORD Retroarticular process, length of the attachment surface for the adductor

muscles relative to its width (Jouve et al. 2005, ch1mod):

0. short, subequal

1. moderately elongated, evidently longer than wide

2. extremely elongate, more than twice its width

360. ORD Retroarticular process, orientation in lateral view (Norell & Clark 1990, ch7mod;

Clark 1994, ch71part; Brochu 1999, ch50):

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The orientation is the projection of the process, not the distal end of mandible, or the

dorsal/ventral surfaces. It must be stressed that taphonomic distortion can greatly alter the

orientation of the specimen and the feature should be scored after examination of several

specimens, if possible.

0. posteroventrally oriented

1. posteriorly oriented

2. posterodorsally oriented

361. Retroarticular process, position of distalmost tip relative to the mandibular glenoid

fossa (NEW):

0. tip at the same level or below

1. tip clearly in a more dorsal plane than the glenoid fossa

362. Retroarticular process, morphology and orientation in dorsal/posterior view (based on

Clark 1994, ch71part):

0. surface poorly concave and facing dorsally, or at least lateral surface facing dorsally-

laterodorsally and medial surface facing mediodorsally (if surface divided)

1. surface strongly concave, facing dorsomedially

363. Retroarticular process, morphology of the surface for the attachment of adductor

muscles (NEW):

0. triangle shaped

1. ellipsoid, rectangular or spoon shaped

2. shovel shaped

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364. Retroarticular process, presence of a longitudinal anteroposteriorly oriented crest or

ridge dividing the attachment surface for the adductor muscles:

Medial surface facing dorsally to mediodorsally, and a lateral facing dorsally to

laterodorsally.

0. absent

1. present, dividing the surface into medial and lateral portions.

365. Retroarticular process, position of the posteromedial wing (Jouve et al. 2005; ch2;

Jouve et al. 2006, ch179):

0. posteromedial wing dorsally situated, or at mid height on the retroarticular process

1. posteromedial wing ventrally situated on the retroarticular process

366. Retroarticular process, position and orientation of the foramen aerum (Norell 1988,

ch16mod; Brochu 1999, ch49):

0. foramen aerum medially oriented, opening at the medial margin of retroarticular

process lamina

1. foramen aerum dorsally oriented, lateral from the medial margin of retroarticular

process

Dentition (10.7% of characters)

367. Dentition, relation between tooth rows on both sides of the skull (Novas et al. 2009):

Condition (1) is putative autapomorphy of Yacarerani, where maxillary tooth rows converge

at mid-palate, the same occurring with the dentition in the mandible. As a consequence,

anterior teeth (pairs 1-4) both in the upper and lower dentition constitute functionally

distinct sets, one anterior and one posterior. Teeth at the posterior set (mid-dentition) are

129 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

located close to the median line of the skull, with first tooth at least almost in contact with its

complementary tooth.

0. forming one continuous set of teeth, both in the cranium and mandible

1. forming two distinct sets, tooth rows at posterior set convergent rostrally and almost

in touch each other, at mid-palate and mandible

368. Posterior maxillary teeth, transverse section (Buckley et al. 2000, ch116mod; Ortega et

al. 2000, ch104mod; as in Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch135):

0. evident lateral compression affecting both edges of the crown, making both edges

evident regardless of the presence/absence of carinae/keel

1. transverse section circular to subcircular, without significant lateral compression

2. transverse section 'teardrop-like' (=triangular), with asymmetric lateral compression

occurring on the distal margin only

369. Mid to posterior mandibular teeth, transverse section (Buckley et al. 2000, ch116mod;

Ortega et al. 2000, ch104mod; as in Andrade & Bertini 2008, ch146):

0. evident lateral compression affecting the entire crown, making evident both mesial

and distal edges, regardless of the presence/absence of carinae/keel

1. transverse section circular to subcircular, without significant lateral compression

2. transverse section 'teardrop-like' (=triangular), with asymmetric lateral compression

occurring on the mesial margin only

370. Dentition, presence of facetted teeth (Young & Andrade 2009, ch130):

0. absent

1. present, most crowns with at least the labial surface with three facets

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371. Dentition, presence of laminar teeth (NEW):

For practical purposes, 'laminar tooth' is here considered as tooth with cross-section highly

elliptical at the base of crown, with mesial-distal axis approximately twice the labial-lingual

axis, or greater.

0. absent

1. present, laminar teeth dominate dentition

372. Dentition, presence of spatulated teeth (Buckley et al. 2000, ch116mod):

The spatulated morphology refers to the morphology of the crown, not simply its

compression, number of cusps or presence of cingula. Therefore, it is considered as a

different character, and treated separately. However, all spatulated teeth are considered as

laterally compressed.

0. absent

1. present

373. Anterior to mid dentition, general crown robustness (NEW):

"Inflated" crowns pertain to the crunch guild, while very blunt bulbous crowns pertain to

the crush guild (see Massare, 1987).

0. teeth slender, sharpening apically

1. teeth robust, "inflated", or bulbous apically

374. Mid to posterior dentition, presence of pebbled ornamentation on tooth crown surface

(NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesauridae.

131 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent

1. present, enamel ornamented with a peebled pattern

375. Mid to posterior dentition, presence and morphology of ridged ornamentation on

enamel surface of teeth (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch123mod):

State (0) includes low microscopic ripples on the enamel surface; for practical purpose,

treated as smooth, since no surface is absolutely smooth, if sufficient microscopic

enhancement is applied. (2) is always as macroscopic low but well-defined ridges; each

ridge is apically rounded, when crown is in cross-section; ridges may bifurcate and contact

adjacent neighbors; anastomosis if present, is usually stronger in the apicalmost section;

common at least to goniopholidids, dyrosaurids, and teleosaurids. Note that the ridges

present in Notosuchus and sphagesaurids do involve enamel and dentine, and should not be

considered as superficial ornamentation. This particular morphology is not scored here, but

as another character (contra Andrade & Bertini, 2008a).

0. enamel ornamentation absent or incipient

1. present, composed of basi-apical well-defined ridges, conspicuous and set apart to

each other, never anastomosed

2. present, composed of numerous basi-apical well-defined ridges, conspicuous and set

close to each other, rarely anastomosed, with anastomosis stronger apically

3. present, composed of numerous basi-apical low ridges, feeble and set close to each

other, poorly anastomosed, with anastomosis stronger apically

4. present, composed of numerous basi-apical low ridges, feeble and set close to each

other, anastomosed into a fabric of ridges distributed trough most of the crown

376. Mid to posterior dentition, presence of accessory ridges on labial-lingual surfaces of

132 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

crown (NEW):

The ridges present in Notosuchus and sphagesaurids do involve enamel and dentine,

therefore should not be considered as superficial ornamentation.

0. absent

1. present, basi-apical, evident and well-spaced, formed by enamel and dentine

377. Mid to posterior dentition, number of cusps per tooth (Gomani 1997, ch46mod;

Buckley et al. 2000, ch113mod; Pol 2003, ch162mod; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch188mod):

In this modified version of the character, only main crown is evaluated, not the presence of

accessory cusps in cingula. This is considered as a separate character. However, note that

states (2) and (3) sample teeth where primary and secondary rows of cusps are present,

while in states (0) and (1) there is only one row. State (3) is present in and the

'Kayenta Form', not sampled in this analysis.

0. each crown has single apical cusp, regardless of presence of accessory cusps in

cingula

1. each crown has one main cusp aligned with smaller cusps, arranged in a single row

2. several cusps, unequal in size, arranged in more than one row

3. multiple small cusps, subequal in size, along edges of occlusal surface

378. Carinae, presence of keel at the edge of tooth crown (NEW):

Currently, no data suggest differential presence of keel in antero-posterior or upper-lower

dentition, therefore a single character is used. Mesial-distal keels may occur independently

than denticles in the mesial and distal carinae; denticulated carinae may or may not have

keel on denticles.

133 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0. absent

1. present

379. Carinae (mid-posterior dentition), presence and morphology of denticles at crown

edges (Buckley et al. 2000, ch104mod; Sereno et al. 2003, ch53mod; Andrade & Bertini

2008a, ch132rev):

True denticles and false-ziphodont crenulations (=enamel ornamentation) as in Prasad &

Broin (2002); ziphomorph as in Andrade & Bertini (2008c). State (2) is putative apomorphy

of Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae.

0. homogenous carina, serrated with cuneiform to ripple-like true denticles (ziphodont)

1. true denticles absent, crowns either with a smooth edge (non-ziphodont), or a

homogenous carina where crenulations may appear as a result of superficial

ornamentation (false-ziphodont)

2. heterogeneous carina, composed by tubercle-like true denticles (ziphomorph)

380. Carinae (maxillae), distribution of denticles at crown edges (Andrade & Bertini 2008a,

ch132mod):

Based on Price (1950), Pol (2003), Andrade & Bertini (2008a), ch123. This character

samples presence of true denticles only, not all serrated carinae or ziphomorph denticles.

(1) is putative apomorphy of Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae (but note that

Adamantinasuchus and Mariliasuchus do not share the character).

0. mesial and distal crown edges with the same morphology, either with or without true

denticles

1. mesial carina absent and distal carina present

134 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

381. Carinae (mid-posterior mandible), distribution of denticles at crown edges (Andrade &

Bertini 2008a, ch132mod):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesaurus, but unknown in Armadillosuchus.

0. mesial and distal crown edges with the same morphology, either with or without true

denticles

1. mesial carina present and distal carina absent, with mid-posterior teeth ocluding as

opposing blades

382. Occlusion, relation between premaxillary and mandibular dentitions (NEW):

Interlock = interfingering sensu Brochu (1999).

0. either match the mandible or slightly cover it, as upper teeth overbite the dentary

teeth

1. premaxilla widely overhangs the mandible, with premaxillary ventral margin

covering the alveolar margin at anterior mandible

383. Occlusion, relation between maxillary and mandibular series at mid dentition (NEW):

0. in-line or interlocked

1. maxillary dentition overbites mandibular dentition

384. Occlusion, relation between maxillary and mandibular series at the posterior dentition

(NEW):

0. in-line or interlocked

1. maxillary dentition overbites mandibular dentition

385. Premaxillary teeth, presence of an hypertrophied tooth at penultimate or last alveolus

135 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch125mod):

0. all teeth subequal in size

1. one enlarged tooth, longer than the other premaxillary elements, usually not higher

than the symphyseal depth

2. one fully hypertrophied tooth, much longer than the other premaxillary elements and

at least as high as the symphyseal depth, also with a much larger cross-sectional area

at crown base

386. Premaxillary enlarged tooth, size relative to largest teeth at maxillae and mandible

(NEW):

0. premaxillary tooth smaller, with shorter crown and shorter-narrower alveoli, or

subequal

1. premaxillary tooth larger than any given tooth at maxilla or mandible, with higher

crown and longer-wider alveolus

387. Premaxillary alveolar margin, orientation (Sereno et al. 2001, 2003, ch68mod; Turner

& Buckley 2008, ch239mod):

Note that scorings strongly diverge from the original.

0. vertical, dentition is procumbent or not

1. inturned, dentition is not procumbent

388. Premaxillary alveolar margin, projection relative to the maxillary alveolar border

(based on Wu et al. 2001b; after Sereno et al. 2001, 2003, ch71):

0. absent, alveolar margin of premaxillae and maxillae continuous, usually in the same

plane

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1. present, premaxillary alveolar margin is ventrally offset

389. Premaxillary alveolar margin, distinction relative to the maxillary alveolar border, in

lateral view (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Peirosauridae, where premaxillary and maxillary

dentitions are as isolated units, separated by the premaxillary/maxillary notch. The notch is

particularly deep in lateral view, but not in ventral/dorsal views, distinguishing peirosaurids

from other forms.

0. alveolar margin is continuous, and maxillary dentition is no more than slightly offset

ventrally

1. premaxillary and maxillary alveolar margins are separated by a extremely deep

notch, with maxillary dentition distinctly offset ventrally

390. Premaxillary alveoli, disposition in ventral view (Sereno et al. 2001, ch69mod; Turner

& Buckley 2008, ch240mod):

0. alveoli set in the alveolar margin to form an arched row, curved posteriorly from

midline and poorly diverging from medial line, usually angled laterally at c. 90

degrees or less

1. alveoli set in the alveolar margin to form a straight to poorly arched row, strongly

diverging from medial line and angled laterally at c. 120 degrees

391. Last premaxillary tooth, relative position in the horizontal plane (Sereno et al. 2001,

2003, ch70mod; Turner & Buckley, 2008, ch241mod):

State (0) is putative apomorphy of Araripesuchus + Libycosuchus and other closely related

forms, and it is also present in Anatosuchus and Mahajangasuchus. (2) is putative

137 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

apomorphy of derived goniopholidids, Sarcosuchus and Elosuchus (also present in

Terminonaris, not included in the analysis). It is likely that Malawisuchus represents state

(0).

0. strongly anteromedial to first maxillary tooth

1. anterior to first maxillary tooth, or slightly altered relative to it

2. evidently anterolateral to first maxillary tooth

392. Maxillary dentition at anterior maxillae, presence of an hypertrophied caniniform

tooth (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch130mod):

In taxa with condition (2), the height or the hypertrophied crown will be no less than half

the depth of rostrum, in oreinrostral forms; but in platyrostral forms this reference is not

applicable.

0. absent, no enlarged caniniform is present, with maxillary dentition usually isometric

to subisometric

1. present as an enlarged tooth slightly larger then (but not contrasting with)

neighboring teeth, with maxillary detition anisometric

2. one hypertrophied tooth, much larger than neighboring teeth and contrasting in size

with them, with maxillary dentition strongly anisometric

393. Maxillary dentition, morphology (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch130mod):

0. all maxillary teeth caniniform, or last teeth lanceolate (isomorphic or subisomorphic)

1. acute caniniforms anteriorly, followed by blunter caniniform teeth

2. caniniform teeth anteriorly, followed by molariform teeth

3. most or all teeth molariform, but teeth 1-2 eventually weakly caniniform to conical

138 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

394. Maxillary tooth row, extension relative to anterior border of suborbital fenestra

(Ortega et al. 2000, ch18part):

In basal forms, where the suborbital fenestra is not present, the orbit may be used as

reasonable proxy to establish the relative extension of maxillary tooth row. Putative

transition between extreme states (2-0) prevents use of this character as an ordered series.

0. does not reach the anteriormost border of the suborbital fenestra

1. reaches the anteriormost border of the suborbital fenestra

2. extends posterior to the anteriormost border of the suborbital fenestra

395. Maxillary tooth row, position of last maxillary tooth relative to posterior border of

suborbital fenestra (Ortega et al. 2000, ch18part):

In basal forms, where the suborbital fenestra is not present, the orbit may be used as

reasonable proxy to stablish the relative extension of maxillary tooth row. (1) is putative

apomorphy of Eusuchia + Bernissartia, but is reversed in Isisfordia (according to Salisbury

et al. 2006) and gavialoids.

0. far anterior to the posteriormost end of the suborbital fenestra

1. at the same relative position of the posterior border of the suborbital fenestra, or very

close

396. Maxillary/dentary teeth, implantation of anterior to middle elements, at maturity

(Ortega et al. 2000, ch19mod; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch164mod):

Note that even when teeth are all set in a groove, the alveolar margin may partially encase

the teeth, giving the impression that septa are present, when they are not. Note also that the

character only samples middle and anterior maxillary teeth, not posteriormost ones.

Previous referral of this character ignored that several taxa do have the last maxillary teeth

139 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

set in a groove, or at least in poorly isolated alveoli (e.g., Caiman, Hylaeochampsa; see

discussion in Pol & Apesteguia, 2005). On the basis of this mismatch between coding and

morphology, the character was redefined to a more restricted form, and the implantation of

posterior teeth is considered a distinct element.

0. teeth set in fully isolated alveoli

1. at least part of the teeth set in a groove, not separated by septa

397. Maxillary/dentary teeth waves, in non-tubular-snouted forms (based on Clark 1994,

ch79; as in Turner & Buckley, ch79mod):

Tooth size variation based on alveoli size, not in crown height. Exclusion of non-tubular-

snouted forms aims to avoid overweighting of this extreme condition, (which automatically

implies in a subisometric dentition). (3) is putative apomorphy of Hylaeochampsa +

Iharkutosuchus. Note that codings change substantially from previous matrices.

0. absent, no tooth size variation

1. one wave of teeth enlarged, at mid snout

2. enlarged teeth in two waves

3. one wave of teeth greatly enlarged, at the end of maxilla/dentary

398. Symphyseal dentition, alignment of anteriormost alveoli relative to the medial line

(NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Goniopholis; (2) is present in Sarcosuchus and two

undescribed goniopholidids (Dollo 1888; Hooley 1907).

0. alveoli 1-4 not transversally aligned at anterolateral margin

1. alveoli 1-2 transversally aligned, and following alveoli set posteriorly to them

140 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. alveoli 1-4 transversally aligned, so the fourth alveolus is lateral (or lateral and

slightly posterior) to first alveolus, and following alveoli are posterior to them

399. Symphyseal dentition, position of fifth alveoli in dorsal (buccal) view (NEW):

Note that the presence of a tooth battery (sensu Andrade & Bertini, 2008a) implies in state

(1), although the opposite is not true. At least in Yacarerani, dentary alveoli 5 from each

hemimandible are next to the median line and very close to each other (1), while the tooth

battery is absent.

0. distant, or at least both alveoli moderately apart

1. close to each other, next to the medial line of symphysis

400. Symphyseal dentition, presence of a complete symphyseal tooth battery (Andrade &

Bertini 2008a, ch141):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesauridae, but unknown in Adamantinasuchus.

Definition of dental battery (each symphyseal tooth is positioned at least as close to its pair

on the other hemimandible as to the next teeth on the same dentary) as introduced by

Andrade & Bertini (2008a). In Sphagesauridae, this condition affects teeth pairs 1-5.

0. absent

1. present, teeth from each pair closer to each other than to other teeth in the same

hemimandible

401. Symphyseal dentition, presence of highly procumbent teeth (Andrade & Bertini 2008a,

ch140mod):

0. non-procumbent to mildly procumbent

1. first symphyseal pair highly procumbent, crowns nearly horizontal

141 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. pairs 1-2 highly procumbent, crowns nearly horizontal

402. Symphyseal alveoli 1-2, confluence (NEW):

Based on Brochu (1999, ch52).

0. well-separated, usually as much distant from each other as from other mandibular

teeth

1. alveoli 1-2 confluent, separated by a thin alveolar wall, and clearly apart from

neighboring alveoli

403. Symphyseal alveoli 3-4, confluence (Brochu 1999, ch52mod, part):

0. well-separated, usually as much distant from each other as from other mandibular

teeth

1. alveoli 3-4 confluent, separated by a thin alveolar wall, and clearly apart from

neighboring alveoli

404. Symphyseal alveoli 3-4, relative size (Brochu 1999, ch52mod, part):

0. nearly same size, or third alveolus larger

1. fourth alveolus larger than third

405. Symphyseal alveoli 3-4, relative position (NEW):

0. tooth 3 medial to tooth 4

1. tooth 3 anteromedial to tooth 4

2. teeth 3-4 set in tandem

406. Symphyseal alveolus 1, relative position (NEW):

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State (1) is putative apomorphy of dyrosaurids, sphagesaurids and other mesoeucrocodylian

groups.

0. not in line with alveoli 3-4, closer to the medial line of symphysis

1. in line with alveoli 3-4

407. Symphyseal alveolus 2, relative position (NEW):

0. not in line with alveoli 3-4 and closer to the medial line

1. in line with alveoli 3-4, as close as these to the medial line

2. not in line with alveoli 3-4, at a more lateral position

408. Dentary tooth opposite to premaxilla-maxilla contact, isometry (NEW):

Based on Clark (1994, ch80). Alveolar size may be used as a reasonable proxi for crown

size, when teeth are not preserved.

0. subequal to other neighboring teeth

1. tooth is at least evidently enlarged, anisometric relative to other neighboring teeth

409. Dentary tooth opposite to premaxilla-maxilla contact, length (Clark 1994, ch80; Sereno

et al. 2003, ch54; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch142):

Alveolar size may be used as a reasonable proxy for crown size, when teeth are not

preserved.

0. small to medium sized, but length is no more than twice the length of other

neighboring teeth

1. hypertrophied, at least twice longer than neighboring teeth

410. Dentary tooth opposite to premaxillary-maxillary suture, occlusion (Norell 1988, ch29;

143 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Brochu 1999, ch77mod):

The series cannot be ordered, as transition (0)-(2) is possible without intermediate steps.

0. occludes either in notch at premaxilla and maxilla early in ontogeny, or lateral to

premaxilla-maxilla suture, when the notch is absent or poorly defined

1. occludes in a pit between premaxilla and maxilla; no notch early in ontogeny

2. occludes medial to premaxilla-maxilla suture, but not in a pit or a notch

411. Dentary tooth occluding against premaxillary-maxillary suture (NEW):

New in its conception, but based on Norell (1988, ch29), Clark (1994; ch80) and Brochu

(1999, ch77). The tooth occluding to the premaxillo-maxillo suture is usually seen as the

fourth dentary tooth, but in Crocodylomorpha this may be another tooth due to the loss of

anterior teeth or other morphologic adaptation. The tooth is not necessarily enlarged, and

may be isometric to neighboring teeth. (0) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesauridae; (2) of

Sarcosuchus.

0. third, or anterior

1. fourth

2. fifth, or posterior

412. Maxillary dentition, area occupied by teeth and alveolar margin of maxilla, in palatal

view (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch131mod):

Rewording allows correction of coding for basal taxa, where teeth are large relative to

palatal ramus of maxilla due to poor development of the latest, rather than the extreme

development of the teeth. State (1) is putative apomorphy of Sphagesauridae, shared with

Chimaerasuchus, but absent from Adamantinasuchus.

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0. proportionally small teeth set in a narrow alveolar margin, marginal to palate/oral

cavity

1. proportionally large teeth set in a wide alveolar margin, occupying large area at the

maxillary ventral ramus/oral cavity

413. Mandibular teeth 7-8, relation with the neighboring teeth (NEW):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Dyrosauridae (see Khosla et al., 2009); state (2) of

Itasuchidae.

0. not particularly distinct

1. forming a distinct set, with alveoli closer to each other than to other teeth, and crown

from tooth 7 much smaller than crown 8

2. teeth 7-8 are distant from each other, but alveoli 6-7 and 8-9 forming isolated sets,

and alveoli 7-8 smaller than other alveoli

414. ORD Maxillary teeth, occurrence of bilateral paramesial rotation (Pol 2003,

ch137mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch133):

0. absent

1. bilateral paramesial rotation up to 30 degrees from the original plane

2. bilateral paramesial rotation clearly over 30 degrees from the original plane

415. Middle and posterior mandibular teeth, occurrence of bilateral paramesial rotation

(Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch144):

0. not oblique or slightly altered

1. oblique (more than 30 degrees).

145 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

416. Middle and posterior teeth, occurrence of bilateral paradistal rotation (NEW):

0. absent

1. bilateral paradistal rotation present, teeth obliquely implanted, with rotation of at

least 30-40 degrees from the original plane

417. Middle and posterior teeth, presence of cingula with accessory cusps (Andrade &

Bertini 2008a, ch149mod):

0. absent

1. present, cingulum bearing a series small of cusps, set labial/lingual to the main body

of crown

418. Posterior teeth, presence of rings of undulating enamel on crown surface (Gasparini et

al. 2006, ch242):

0. absent

1. present

Postcranium - axial (3.91% of characters)

419. Vertebrae, presence of strong procoely (NEW):

Based on Salisbury et al. (2006), and notes on Norell & Clark (1990).

0. absent, vertebrae no more than feebly procoelic

1. present in all cervical, dorsal and proximal caudals, with degree of procoely

progressively decreasing in distal caudals

420. Presacral vertebrae, morphology of articular surfaces (Clark 1994, ch92+93; Brochu

1999, ch18):

146 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

See also Buscalioni & Sanz (1990), Ortega et al. (2000), Schwarz (2003).

0. all amphiplatic or amphicoelic

1. presacral series includes at least gently procoelic vertebrae

421. Presacral vertebrae, presence of a ventraly projecting laminar process (hypapophysis)

ventral to the centrum (Wu & Sues 1996, ch37m; Clark 1994, ch91mod; Andrade &

Bertini 2008a, ch158+159):

0. absent or incipient, but neither laminar nor projecting ventrally, no more than a

sagittal ridge

1. present as fully projecting laminae

422. Caudal vertebrae, morphology of articular surfaces of proximal elements (Clark 1994,

ch94mod):

Further data from Buscalioni & Sanz (1990), Ortega et al. (2000), Schwarz (2003).

Biconvex first caudal so far identified only in the Fruita Form.

0. amphiplatic or amphicoelic

1. all at least gently procoelic, only with first caudal eventually biconvex

423. Axis, proportional length of the main body of the centrum relative to its height

(Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch151):

0. short, length and height of centrum subequal

1. long, centrum evidently longer than high

424. Axis, development of neural spine laminae (Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch152):

0. poorly developed, limited to the posterior half of the neural arch

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1. well developed, occupying the dorsal surface of the neural arch and projecting

anteriorly and posteriorly to it, due to the presence of prespinal and postspinal

laminae

425. Axis, morphology of posterior half of neural spine (Brochu 1999, ch3; Turner &

Buckley 2008, ch258):

0. wide

1. narrow

426. Axial hypapophysis, presence of deep fork (Brochu 1999, ch19; Turner & Buckley

2008, ch259):

0. present

1. absent or feeble

427. Third cervical (CIII), development of prezygapophysis (Andrade & Bertini

2008a, ch155):

0. poorly developed, slightly projecting anterior to the vertebral centrum

1. well developed, clearly projecting anteriorly, beyond the vertebral centrum

428. Anterior (postaxial) cervical vertebrae, development of neural spine laminae [Clark

1994, ch90mod; Pol 2003, ch90mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch153rev]:

0. laminae absent or poorly developed, with neural spine rod-shaped or poorly flattened

laterally

1. prespinal and postspinal laminae well developed, with neural spine occupying at

least most of the dorsal surface of the neural arch

148 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

429. Posterior cervical vertebrae, development of neural spine laminae [Clark 1994,

ch90mod; Pol 2003, ch90mod; Andrade & Bertini 2008a, ch156rev]:

0. laminae absent or poorly developed, with neural spine rod-shaped or only slightly

flattened laterally

1. well developed, laminar, occupying at least most of the dorsal surface of the neural

arch

430. Anterior cervical vertebrae, structure of the base of neural spine (Andrade & Bertini

2008a, ch154):

0. gracile base, with neural spine clearly distinct from the neural arch

1. robust base, with the development of spinozygapophyseal ridges

431. Posterior cervical vertebrae, structure of the base of neural spine (Andrade & Bertini

2008a, ch157):

0. gracile base, with neural spine clearly distinct from the neural arch

1. robust base, with the development of spinozygapophyseal ridges

432. Sacral vertebrae, number (Buscalioni & Sanz 1988, ch44mod; Pol & Apesteguia 2005,

ch115mod):

The number of sacral vertebrae can be increased by the addition of last dorsal/lumbar or

the first caudal, which constitute two divergent conditions, both leading to the total number

of three sacral vertebrae (R. M. Santucci, pers. comm. 2004). The character was modified

from original to reflect this problem, although only the latter condition (addition of first

caudal) has been reported so far (see for example, description in Pol, 2005:7-8). Note that

149 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

the fusion of sacrals observed in Alligatorellus and Montsecosuchus (1st+2nd sacrals) is

not homologous to the one reported by Pol (2005) for Notosuchus (2nd sacral+1st caudal).

0. two

1. three, being the third the first caudal

433. Sacral vertebrae, orientation of the transverse processes (Gasparini et al. 2006,

ch255mod; Young & Andrade 2009, ch82mod):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Thalattosuchia. In these group, the first sacral (as often

the second) has its transverse processes at least poorly arched ventrally (see Andrews,

1913).

0. horizontal

1. arched ventrally, at least in the first sacral

434. Sacral vertebrae, relative position of lateral end of transverse process (NEW):

Based on descriptions and data by Andrews (1913), Gasparini et al. (2006, ch255), Pierce

& Benton (2006), and Young & Andrade (2009, ch82). In Pelagosaurus and metriorhynchids

the transverse processes are strongly arched ventrally projecting the head for head contact

with the ilium below the level of the cervical centrum (1), contrasting with teleosaurids (e.g.,

Steneosaurus). However, in Pelagosaurus, the transverse processes are not as slender and

does not project as ventrally.

0. level with the vertebral centrum

1. ventral relative to the vertebral centrum, transverse processes of both sacrals

lateroventrally directed

435. Caudal vertebrae, relative height of neural spine (NEW):

150 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Based on Schwarz et al. (2006) and Schwarz-Wings et al. (2009).

0. larger spines are up to 2.5 times the height of vertebral body

1. average spines are 2.5-4 times the height of vertebral body

436. Tail, vertebrae morphology near distal end (Young & Andrade, ch61):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae.

0. non-hypocercal, distal vertebrae isomorphic to poorly heteromorphic

1. hypocercal, caudal series clearly heteromorphic, with a section of the distal

vertebrae defining the lower lobe of a tail fin

437. Atlantal ribs, presence of very thin medial laminae at anterior end (Brochu 1999,

ch16):

0. absent

1. present

Postcranium - appendicular (6.17% of characters)

438. Scapulocoracoid synchondrosis, precocious closure during ontogeny (Brochu 1999,

ch24):

0. absent, synchondrosis closes very late in ontogeny

1. present, synchondrosis closes relatively early in ontogeny

439. Scapula, symmetry (Clark 1994, ch82; Brochu 1999, ch22; Ortega et al. 2000,

ch120mod; Lauprasert et al. 2007, ch66):

0. symmetrical, anterior and posterior edges similar in lateral view, with dorsal end

poorly flared

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1. asymmetrical, anterior edge strongly concave relative to posterior edge, with distal

end strongly flared

440. Coracoid, length relative to the length of scapula (Clark 1994, ch83; Ortega et al. 2000,

ch121; Lauprasert et al. 2007, ch67):

0. smaller, approximately half the length of the scapula

1. subequal

441. Ilium, relative length of anterior and posterior processes (Clark 1994, ch84;

Lauprasert et al. 2007, ch68):

0. subequal, anterior and posterior processes similar in length

1. unequal, with anterior process relatively small, one quarter or less than the length of

the posterior process

442. Ilium, presence of indentation at the dorsal margin of iliac blade (Brochu 1999,

ch28mod, part):

Character divided to separate diverse aspects of the morphology of the anterior end of iliac

blade. This character samples the indentation at the dorsal edge of the anterior process.

0. absent, dorsal edge convex or straight in lateral view

1. present as a shallow or modest dorsal indentation

2. present as a strong dorsal indentation ("wasp-waisted")

443. Ilium, morphology of anterior process of iliac blade, in lateral view (Brochu 1999,

ch28mod, part):

Character divided to separate diverse aspects of the morphology of the anterior end of iliac

152 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

blade. This character samples the morphology of the anterior process. Among eusuchians,

state (1) is a somewhat generalized condition; (0) is putative apomorphy of Paleosuchus; (2)

of Diplocynodon.

0. very narrow relative the main body of the iliac blade

1. rounded and moderately broad relative the main body of the iliac blade

2. very broad and deep, at least half the height of the main body of the iliac blade

444. Ischium, presence of pubic process (reformulated from Clark 1994, ch86):

See Andrews (1913).

0. pubic process absent, or incipient and small, not restricting the participation of the

pubis to the acetabulum

1. anterior process well developed, robust and with a round head, at least partially

restricting the participation of pubis in the acetabulum

445. Pubis, exclusion from acetabulum (NEW):

Based on Andrews (1913) and Clark (1994, ch86)

0. pubis not excluded, participating at least marginally of the anteroventral rim of

acetabulum

1. pubis excluded, acetabulum composed exclusively by ischium and ilium

446. Pubis, presence of exclusive proximal contact with ischium (NEW):

Based on Andrews (1913) and Clark (1994, ch86).

0. absent, pubis supported by both ilium and ischium

1. present, proximal head of pubis contacts only the ischium

153 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

447. Pubis, expansion of distal end (Clark 1994, ch85):

0. absent, pubis rod-like

1. present, paddle-like

448. ORD Limb bones, length relative to trunk, at maturity (Brochu 1999, ch33mod):

The character was modified to sample length relative to trunk, not overall robustness.

Within Eusuchia, Brochu (1999) considers that state (2) only occurs in .

0. limb bones relatively short

1. limb bones moderately long

2. limb bones very long

449. Limb bones, general structure (Brochu 1999, ch33part):

The character was modified to sample overall robustness, not relative length. Within

Eusuchia, Brochu (1999) considers that state (2) only occurs in Borealosuchus.

0. limb bones robust

1. limb bones overall slender, but not weak

2. gracile

450. Limb bones, relative length of forelimbs/hindlimbs (Brochu 1999, ch33part) :

The character was modified to sample relative length of limbs, not robustness or limb/trunk

relative length. Does not consider pes and manus, only the relation between humerus+ulna

and femur+tibia. State (0) was added from the original, to reflect the extreme condition

found in teleosaurids and paralleled by a few other basal forms. Within Eusuchia, Brochu

(1999) considers that state (2) only occurs in Borealosuchus.

0. forelimb much shorter than hindlimb at maturity

154 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. forelimb slightly shorter than hindlimb at maturity

2. forelimb and hindlimb subequal in length at maturity

451. Limb bones, general morphology of manus and pes (NEW):

Based on Fraas (1901, 1902) and Andrews (1913); the character actually summarizes

several morphological changes necessary fot the pes and manus to be considered as

paddles. State (1) is putative apomorphy of Metriorhynchidae.

0. plantigrade or digitigrade

1. paddles

452. ORD Limb bones (forelimbs), proportional length of ulna relative to the humerus

(NEW):

State (2) is putative apomorphy of Teleosauridae, where humerus is almost twice the size of

ulna.

0. ulna clearly longer than humerus

1. ulna subequal to humerus (distal/proximal = 75-125%)

2. ulna clearly shorter than the humerus

453. ORD Limb bones (hindlimbs), proportional length of tibia relative to the femur

(NEW):

Condition (1) + (2) is putative apomorphy of Thalattosuchia in ordered analysis; and (2) is

for Metriorhynchidae, where femur is almost twice the size of tibia.

0. tibia subequal to femur, or only slightly shorter (distal/proximal >74%)

1. length uneven, tibia evidently shorter than the femur (distal/proximal c. 50-74%)

2. length uneven, tibia much shorter than femur (distal/proximal < 50%)

155 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

454. Humerus, relative orientation between the proximal and distal heads (Ortega et al.

2000, ch181):

0. unaligned, each turned more than 30 degrees

1. mostly aligned, each turned no more than 30 degrees

455. Femur, relative orientation between the proximal and distal heads (Ortega et al. 2000,

ch149):

0. femur with light torsion, proximal and distal articulation facets approximately at 30

degrees or less from each other

1. femur with evident torsion, proximal and distal articulation facets approximately at

60 degrees from each other

456. Humerus, presence of common insertion for M. teres major and M. dorsalis (Brochu

1999, ch29; Turner & Buckley 2008, ch261):

0. absent, separate scars can be distinguished dorsal to deltopectoral crest

1. present, insert with common tendon, with a single insertion scar

457. Ulna, morphology of olecranon process (Brochu 1999, ch27; Turner & Buckley 2008,

ch260):

0. narrow and subangular

1. wide and rounded

458. Proximal carpals, general morphology of radiale and ulnare (Clark, 1986; Wu & Sues

1996, ch40; Ortega et al. 2000, ch129; Pol & Apesteguia, 2005, ch110; Turner &

156 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Buckley 2008, ch110):

0. radiale and ulnare short, almost spherical

1. radiale and ulnare at least poorly elongated

459. Proximal carpals, relative proportions of radiale (Ortega et al. 2000, ch127):

0. slender, much longer than wide

1. broad, proximal width subequal to length

460. Proximal carpals, length of radiale relative to length of metacarpals (NEW):

Based on discussion by Sereno & Larsson (2009).

0. radiale is shorter than metacarpals, or subequal

1. radiale is evidently longer than metacarpals

461. Proximal carpals, relative length of radiale and ulnare (Ortega et al. 2000, ch128):

State (0) is present in several crurotarsans (e.g., Postosuchus, ), and also

thalattosuchians (in parte). In most metasuchians, the radiale is evidently longer than the

ulnare (1), although the discrepancy is more evident in taxa with shorter (proximal) carpals,

such as eusuchians, and more subtle in taxa with elongated carpals (e.g., Araripesuchus

tsangatsangana). Note that in its original format, state (1) was applied only when the radiale

was c. 30% longer than the ulnare. However, this usage is not adequate, since elongation of

proximal carpals can mask differences in length between the radiale and ulnare. Indeed, the

difference between radiale and ulnare is feeble in Pseudhesperosuchus, Notosuchus,

Baurusuchus and Theriosuchus, but it is still evident.

0. radiale and ulnare subequal in length

1. radiale evidently longer than ulnare

157 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

462. Proximal carpals, relative expansion of proximal and distal heads of radiale

(Buscalioni & Sanz 1988, ch54; Ortega et al. 2000, ch150; Pol & Apesteguia, 2005,

ch117):

0. almost equally expanded

1. proximal head wider than distal one

463. Proximal carpals, presence of a facet of articulation in the radiale, for reception of the

ulnare (Pol, 2005):

0. absent

1. present, facet evident, near its proximal end

464. Femur, general shape (NEW):

Based on Andrews (1913). State (1) is putative apomorphy of Thalattosuchia.

0. poorly sigmoid

1. strongly sigmoid

465. Pes, relative length of digits III and IV (Wilkinson et al. 2008, ch77; Young & Andrade

2009, ch77):

Usually, digits are III-IV-II-I (descending order). State (1) is putative apomorphy of

Metriorhynchidae, and are arranged as IV-III-II-I (see Young & Andrade 2009, Appendix

2).

0. digit III is longer than digit IV

1. digit IV is longer than digit III

158 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

466. Calcaneum tuber, presence (Young & Andrade 2009, ch74rev):

0. absent or vestigial

1. present

467. Metatarsal I, morphology of proximal end (Young & Andrade 2009, ch76):

0. proximal end not enlarged

1. proximal end moderately enlarged

2. proximal end greatly enlarged

Dermal armor (3.09% of characters)

468. Dermal armor, presence and distribution (Clark 1994, ch100mod; Brochu 1999,

ch39part):

0. absent

1. dorsal present, but ventral osteoderms absent

2. dorsal and ventral osteoderms present

469. Presacral nuchal armor, relation of nuchal osteoderms with the remaining dorsal

armor and skull (Brochu 1999, ch38mod, part):

Note that a similar character was devised by Ortega et al. (2000, ch109), but to unite the

undescribed Itaborai form and Sebecus. See also McAliley et al. (2006) for discussion on

eusuchians.

0. large nuchal shields continuous from postoccipital region to trunk armour, with any

given contacting the anterior and posterior elements (except for the first

postoccipital shield)

159 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1. large nuchal shields continuous with trunk armour, but not reaching the postoccipital

region

2. large nuchal shields discontinuous with dorsal trunk armour and absent from

postoccipital region

470. Presacral nuchal armor, number and arrange of nuchal shields (Brochu 1999,

ch38mod, rev, part):

Brochu (1990), char38(mod). State (3) and the terminology 'cervical shield' according to

Marinho & Carvalho (2009). See also McAliley et al. (2006) for discussion on eusuchians.

0. four paramedian nuchal shields, sided by two accessory shields, all enlarged relative

to the remaining neck dermal armour

1. four paramedian nuchal shields enlarged relative to remaining neck shields, and no

accessory shield enlarged

2. eight (or more) shields, arranged in two paramedian rows, enlarged relative to

remaining neck shields, with no accessory shield enlarged

3. ten or more median osteoderms, combined with several lateral osteoderms,

composing a distinct cervical shield

471. Presacral nuchal armor, morphology of nuchal shields relative to the remaining trunk

dermal armour (Brochu 1999, ch38mod, part):

0. nuchal and dorsal trunk shields undiferentiated, morphology grading continuously

1. nuchal shields clearly differentiated from dorsal trunk shields by size and general

morphology (regardless of contact between nuchal and trunk series)

472. Presacral dorsal armor, number of contiguous longitudinal rows of paravertebral

160 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

osteoderms (Norell & Clark 1990, ch12mod; Brochu 1999, ch37mod; Ortega et al.

2000, ch107):

0. two paravertebral medial rows

1. four continuous rows, two paramedian and two lateral

473. Presacral dorsal armor, presence and number of accessory ranges of osteoderms

(sensu Frey, 1988) in addition to the dorsal rows of osteoderms (Norell & Clark 1990,

ch12mod; Brochu 1999, ch37mod; Ortega et al. 2000, ch107):

Also following Clark (1994, ch97mod) and Sereno et al. (2003, ch63mod). Putative

transition between extreme states (2-0) prevents use of this character as an ordered series.

0. absent (total of up to four dorsal rows)

1. present, two accessory rows (total of 4-6 dorsal rows)

2. present, no less than four accessory rows (total number dorsal rows usually eight or

more)

474. Presacral dorsal armor, type of contact between elements in a row (Clark 1994, ch98):

0. imbricated, any given anterior trunk osteoderm partially overlays its following

element

1. sutured, osteoderms do not cover adjacent dermal elements, and are sutured if in

contact

475. Presacral dorsal armor, general proportions of medial elements (Clark 1994,

ch95mod):

Modified from the original. Shape was excluded because it was not informative. Original

state (ovate) was found only for Gracilisuchus, and is here recognized as state (0; at least as

161 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

long as wide).

0. at least as long as wide

1. evidently wider than long

476. Presacral dorsal armor, surface of paravertebral osteoderms (NEW):

0. mostly straight, forming a plain flat scute, either keeled or not

1. scutes strongly curved, with convex surface, partially embracing the vertebrae from

side to side

477. Presacral dorsal armor, presence of an anterior process to articulate with the anterior

adjacent scute, in medial dorsal elements (Norell & Clark 1990, ch13rev; Clark 1994,

ch96; Brochu 1999, ch40rev; Ortega et al. 2000, ch113rev):

0. absent

1. present

478. Presacral dorsal armor, presence of an anteroposteriorly directed keel on the dorsal

surface of paramedial elements (Buscalioni et al. 1992, ch22; Clark 1994, ch101part,

rev; Brochu 1999, ch35):

0. absent

1. present

479. Presacral ventral armor, presence of ventral collar scales (Poe 1997; Brochu 1999,

ch156):

0. absent, no shield enlarged relative to other ventral scales

1. present, forming a single row of enlarged scales

162 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

2. present, forming two parallel rows of enlarged scales

480. Presacral ventral armor, presence of paired ossifications (Buscalioni et al. 1992, ch21;

Brochu 1999, ch39):

0. single or absent

1. present, pairs sutured together

481. Postsacral armor, distribution when present (Clark 1994, ch99mod):

0. a pair of rows, covering the

1. several rows, enclosing the tail surface

482. Postsacral armor, presence of an anteroposteriorly directed keel on the dorsal surface

of paramedial elements (Clark 1994, ch101part, rev):

0. absent

1. present

Soft tissue and physiology (0.82% of characters)

483. Tongue, presence of keratinized surface (Brochu 1999, ch159):

State (1) is putative apomorphy of Alligatoridae/Alligatoroidea, but unknown in all

taxa. Originally based on Taplin & Grigg (1988), apud Brochu (1999).

0. absent

1. presence

484. Functional lingual salt glands, presence (based on Taplin 1985, Taplin et al. 1989,

Brochu 2007):

163 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

State (0) is putative apomorphy of Alligatoridae, but unknown in all fossil taxa.

0. absent

1. present

485. Internal hypertrophied salt glands, presence (NEW):

The evidence for internal hypertrophied glands is well supported (Fernández & Gasparini,

2000, 2008; Gandola et al., 2006; Fernández & Herrera, 2009), and interpreted as

structures for salt excretions. In fossil specimens, lobulations for glands must show a

regular pattern, and have no trabecular bones, which othewise indicate the presence of

pneumatic cells of air sinuses (Fernández & Herrera, 2009). Internal glands are also

associated with gland drainage ducts.

0. absent

1. present

486. M. caudofemoralis, morphology (Frey et al. 1988; Brochu 1999, ch160):

0. with single head

1. with double head (longus and brevis)

164 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.2.4. Matrix

Matrix used for phylogenetic analysis herein. ‘ALT’ preceeding a terminal name indicates the alternate coding of a particular taxon, or a particular terminal only used in alternative analysis; note that when ‘ALTSiamosuchus’ is in use, Siamosuchus and "Goniopholis" phuwiangensis must not be active terminals.

Outgroup Gracilisuchus 1000121000 0------?? 00??0?0000 0-00002010 0011101311 0020001000 02?00----- ?2010-00?1 0000?00000 1000010100 0000000012 4???000001 000000???? ?010000001 00000010?2 00000100?2 0001000--- 1?10000001 11000????? ?11100??00 000?-0--00 ?00-----?- 1---??-?------1-000?- -???0??0?? 1000000?00 00000-0010 ?????2?0?? 0000??00?0 ??1??00--0 0200210000 00010?00?0 0000020000 ?00-000001 ??0102000- 0--0??0000 0000000?00 0111000000 1101001000 000010000{12} ?000000000 00011?1110 ??0000??00 0?0000?120 01?00????? ???00101?? ?0000?11?? 0?????

Ingroup Pseudhesperosuchus 040012010? 0------?0 ?0??0?0000 1-000020?0 001110130? 0020011010 02000----- ?2110100?1 0000?00000 1000010100 0?00?12012 0???000002 01?00010?? ?011011001 000011?1?2 ?000010002 0110000--- 1??0000001 10?00????? 01100????? ?00?-??-00 000-----?- 1-?-??-??------1-0???- -10?0??00? ?000?00?00 00000-0010 ?????2001? 0010??0??? ??1??00--? 021100?000 000??????0 ?00??20?0? ????00???1 ??0?02000- 0-????00?0 0000000??0 0011?00000 1101001000 0????????{12} ?0?0000000 0011??1110 0???00??00 ???????220 00000??100 10000??1?? ?????????? ??????

Sphenosuchus 040012010? 0------?0 00??0?0000 1-00002010 0011101300 002001??10 02000----- ?2110000?1 0-00000000 1000010100 0100?12012 00??000000 0100000-1- ?011011001 00012100?2 10000100?2 0110010--- 1111000001 10000????? 11100?0-00 100?-0--00 000-----?- 1---??-0------?-?00?- -1000??00? 1000000?00 00000-0010 01???20010 00000?00?0 ??1??00--0 0211000000 00010??1?0 1000020200 000-01?001 ???102000- 0-?00?0000 0000000100 0011000000 1101001000 000110010{12} 1000000000 0001??1110 000000??00 0??000?22? 0??00??10? ?0?00101?? ???0?????? 0?????

Junggarsuchus 000012010? ?????????? ?0??0?0000 0-0000???0 0011100200 0020001010 02000----- ?2110000?1 0000?00000 1000011100 0000?01012 0???00000? 010000???? ?011011001 0001??00?2 000001000? 000?0?0--- 1?10000001 00000{12}12?? 11100????0 ?00?-??-0? ?00-----?- ?-?-??-??------?-????- -???0??0?? ?0??000?01 00001-0010 ?????200?? 10001?01?0 ??1??00--? 021??0?000 000?0????0 100??2020? ???????00? ????02000- 0-20??00?0 0000000100 0011000000 110??01000 0????????{12} ?0?0000001 10??????10 0?00?0???? ???????22? 0??0???100 ???????1?? ?????????? ??????

Protosuchus 000001?10? ??1??????1 1011000100 0-00002010 0011100100 0020011000 02100----- ?2110000?2 0-0-000000 1000011100 0?00000010 00??000100 0100000-1- ?011000000 00011000?0 0000000001 0101010--- 1110000001 00000212?? 111000??0? 101?-0--00 000-----?- 1---??-0?------?-????- -1?00??0?? 10?0000?11 00101000??

165 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

01???20001 10011101?0 ??1??00--0 0210500000 00010?00?0 1000?20201 000-000001 ??0102000- 0--00?0{01}{01}0 0000000?10 00??000000 100??00000 0001???100 1000000000 ?0??????10 ?00000??10 0?01??0111 01000??100 1000010202 00001?11?? 1???0?

Hemiprotosuchus 000001010? 1?1110???? 10??0?0000 0-000020?0 0011100100 00200110?0 02100----- ?2110100?2 0-0-?00000 1000001100 0?00?00010 00??000101 010000???? ?011000000 00011000?0 0000000002 0101010--- 1110000001 00000212?? 111000??0? ?01?-0--0? ?00-----?- ?---??-??------?-????- -??00??00? 1000000?11 00101000?? ?1???200?1 10011?0??0 ??1??00--? 0210{01}00000 000???00?0 100??2020? ????00?001 ??0?02000- 0--???0??0 0000000?10 0011000000 10{01}??00000 0??????100 10?00000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?0001????? ??????

Gobiosuchus 100001010? ?????????0 00?????000 0-000020?0 001110010? 11?1?0-000 021000---- 021??100?{02} 0-0-?00000 1000010000 0000?-1010 00??000100 0200011?00 ??11020001 ?10000?000 0000001101 0000110--- 1?1000000? 1100021?1{12} 1100?0??01 101?-2000? ??00--10?0 0-0-??-0-- -01-000002 1001-00000 01000-?000 00?0000?1? 00011??00? ?????2000? 10011101?0 ??1??2?0?? ?00---???? ???{01}0????? ??????0??? 000-?????? ??0?0?0100 0??00?011? 0000000??? ????0-0000 1002010?00 ???????11{01} ?0?0???000 ?????????? ?????0???0 ??????111? 0????????? ???????2?? ?1001?01?? 11????

Hsisosuchus chowi 1000111100 11011111?0 0??10?0?00 0-???0???? ?0???????? ??2111100? ???03????? ?211210012 0-01??0??0 100?010100 000?00000- 001?00010{01} 02000{01}???? ?10101?001 0?01100??0 0000001002 0000110--- 111110010? ???00{12}1{01}?? 11011???00 101?-1000? 110?--??1? ?-0-??-0-- -01-000??? 1001000000 0?1000?110 1100000?01 11011?0?00 ?????10001 1201111??0 ??1??2000? 0?????0000 010?0?00?0 01{01}00200?? ?110?1?001 ??0?020100 01200?00?0 1000000100 011100110? 11{01}00?100? ?????????? ?0?0000000 10?????110 00???0??10 ???1???1?? 01?????110 111????2?? 00001000?? 0?????

Hsisosuchus dashanpuensis 1000111100 110111???0 0?110?0000 0-0?0020?? 001110010? 012??11000 02?030---- ?21?210012 ?-01?10100 10010101?0 000?00000- 000?00010{01} 02100????? ?1?1011001 0001100000 ?0000?1002 0000110--- 111?100?0? 11000??{01}?? 110110??00 101?-10001 1100--1000 0-0-??-0-- -01-000002 1001000000 011000?110 1100000?01 11011?0?00 ?????10001 120?11?1?? ??1??2000? ?????????? ?????????0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????00?0 10000?01?0 ?????0??0? 1100001??? ?????????? ?0?00000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Hsisosuchus chungkingensis 1000??0100 11011111?0 0??10?0??0 ?-???????? ??11100101 01211????0 0????????? ???12?0012 0-01?10100 10010101?0 000?00000- 000?00010{01} 022000???? ?101010001 0001100{01}00 0000001002 0001110--- 111010001? 11000{12}1{01}?? 11011???00 101?- 1000? 1100--???? ?-0-??-0-- -01-00000? 100?0?0000 0?100??1?0 1100000?01 10011?0??? ?1???10001 120?111??0 ??1??2000? 0{01}0????000 010?0?00?0 0???0??0?? ?110??0001 ??0?020100 0?200?00?0 1000000100 0?11?????? 11000?10?? ?????????? ?0?0000000 ?????????? ????0????0 ?????????? ?????????? ????????02 000??????? ??????

Platysuchus 1000211?00 10110????? 0111000000 1000010-00 00????000? ??01012010 02103????? ?001010010 0-0-?00000 1001011100 00-0?22012 001?00000? 022000???? ?111010000 0001200001 1000002001 0100020--- 0101?00001 110000?--- 111100??12 000?0??001 1???00???? 01?????0?? ??11?????? ??00?-???? ????00??0? 00?0000??1 00?11?10?? ??????010? 200?0?0??0 ?????2?0?? ?220{12}01000 01??0??0?0 0210??0?0? ?1??01?00? ??0?0?0112 00010?0110 0000200110 0000100000 100??0-000 0010201100 10?0010000 ?0???????? ?01000?011 000??0?020 02?01??100 100101020- 01001011?? 0?????

166 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Steneosaurus herberti 1000211200 101???00?0 0111000000 1000010-00 0011000001 1101012010 0210310?1{01} ?001010010 0-0-?00000 1001011100 00-0?22012 001?00100? 022000???? ?11101?001 0001210001 1000002001 0100020--- 0101100001 110000?--- 1111001112 000?021001 121000?000 011?010000 0011202001 01000-0000 011000?100 0010010?11 00?11?1000 ?????20101 200?0?00?0 ?????21000 ?220101000 01110??000 02100?0101 ?12001?00? ??0?020112 00010?0110 0000200110 0000100000 100200-000 0010201??0 10000100?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????- ?????????? ??????

Steneosaurus bollensis 1000211?00 10110????0 0111000000 1000010-00 00????000? ??01012010 0210310?1{01} ?001010010 0-0-?00000 1001011100 00-0?22012 002?00000? 0220000-?? ?1110??001 0001200001 1000002001 0100020--- 0101100001 110000?--- 111100??12 000?02?001 121000?000 011?010000 0011?02001 01000-0000 0??000?100 0000000?11 0001111000 ?????20101 200?0?00?0 ?????2?000 ?220{12}01000 011?0??000 02100?0?0? 012001?00? ??0?020112 00010?0110 0000200?10 0000100000 100200-000 0010201100 1000010000 ?0???????? ?01000?011 0001101020 02101??100 100101020- 01001011?? 0?????

Pelagosaurus 1211211200 10100????0 0111000000 1000010-00 0011110000 1101012010 0210010110 ?001210010 0-0-000000 1001011100 00-0?12012 000?00000? 0220000-0? ?111011001 0001100001 1000001012 0101020--- 1000000001 100000?--- 111100??12 000?021001 121000?001 0111200000 0011202002 ?1000-0000 011000?100 0000000?11 0001100000 ?0???20101 20000?00?0 ?????21000 ?210211000 01110?0000 0200020000 012001000? ??01020112 00010?0110 0000000?10 0000100000 100200-000 00102?1100 10000?0000 00???????? ?01100??11 0001101011 011????1?0 ???101020- 01001010?? 0???0?

Cricosaurus araucanensis 0310211000 0------0 0111000001 1310013010 0111210011 1121001010 021011?111 ?001210010 0-0-?00000 1001000100 00-0?22012 0?2?00000? 0220101?0? ?111021001 0101100001 1000000012 01000?0--- 1000000001 110000?--- 11100???12 000?02?001 121000?000 0111210000 0011?02001 01000--?00 0???0??100 0000000?11 00011?1000 ?????20101 10000?0??0 ?????11000 ?00---0000 01011??0?0 02000200-0 012001000? ??0?020102 00010?0110 0000000010 0000000000 100200-000 0000200000 10000?0000 00??????10 00??01???? 0??????001 11??1????? 0??11020------0 --??1?

Cricosaurus suevicus 0310211000 0------? ?111000001 1310013010 0111210011 1121001010 02101????? ?001210010 0-0-?00000 1001000100 00-0?22012 0?2?00?00? 022010???? ?111011001 0101100001 1000000012 01000?0--- 1000000001 110000?--- 11100???12 00???2???1 1??????0?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?0000???11 00?111?000 ???????1?1 100?0?0??0 ?????1?00? ?00---0000 01011??0?0 0200?200-0 ?????1?000 ??0?020102 000?0?0110 0000000010 0000000000 100{12}00-000 0000200000 10000?0000 00??????10 0?1101??11 0?????1001 1120?????? ???11020------0 --????

Rhacheosaurus 1310210200 0------? ???1000000 1310013010 0?11210011 1121001010 02101????? ????210010 ?-0??00000 1??1000?00 0000?22012 000?00000? 022?10???? ?111021000 0001100001 10000000?2 01000?0--- 1000000001 110000?--- 111000??12 000??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 0000000?1? ?0????10?0 ?????201?? 100?0?0??0 ??????10?? 000---0000 010????0?0 020?0200-0 ?120?????? ??0?02?102 000?0?0110 0000000110 0000000000 100{12}00-000 0????0?000 ?0000?0000 00?????110 001101??11 0??1101001 11201??100 00011110------0 --????

Metriorhynchus 1310111000 0------0 ?11100000? 1300010-00 0111210011 1121001010 021011??1{01} ?001210010 0-0-?00000 1001000100 0000?22012 002?000001 022010???? ?111011001 0001100001 1000000012 01000?0--- 1000000001 110000?--- 11100?1?12 000?021001 121000?001 0111210??0 ?01?20???1 010?0?0000 01?0???1?0 0000000?11 0001111000 ?????201?1 200?0?00?0 ?????11000 ?00---0000 01011??000 02000200-0 012001012? ??01020102 00010?0110 0000000110 0000000000 100200-000 0000200000 1000010000 167 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0011???110 001101?011 0001101001 11201??010 00011100------0 --??1?

Dakosaurus carpenteri ????11?000 0------0 ????00?00? 1300010-00 0111?1001? 1121001010 02101????? 0001210010 0-0-?00000 100?00??00 0000?22012 012?000001 022010???? ??11011001 010110???1 100???00?2 0????????? ?????00??? ????00?--- ????????12 ????0????1 1??0-????? 0????????? ?????0???? ??0??????? ?????????? ????????1? ??0??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0?? ?00---??0? ??0????0?0 ????????-? ?????????? ??0?02?112 ?0010?01?0 0000200110 ?000000000 100??00??? ?????????? ?0??010000 00?????110 0011?1???? ???1???001 1??01????? ???1???0------0 --????

Dakosaurus maximus ?310120000 0------0 ?11100000? 1300010-00 0111210011 1?21001010 02101????? ?001210010 0-?-?00000 1????0??00 0??0?22012 ?1???0???? ????1????? ???1011001 01???????? ??????00?2 ??0?0?0--- ?????????? 11?0?0?--- ????0????? ????0???01 1????????? 0?1??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????1 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????0 ?00---?000 01011?00?0 0100?200-0 ?120?0?11? ??0?020??? 00????0000 0000000100 00???00000 100{01}000000 00002?000? 10000101?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0------0 --????

Dakosaurus andiniensis 0310120000 0------0 0?11010000 1300010-00 0?11210011 1021001010 02101????? 0001?10010 0-0-?00000 1001000100 0000?22012 012?00000? 022010???? ?111011001 0101100001 1000000012 0100020--- 1000000001 110000?--- 111000??12 000?0??001 121?0??00? ?11????000 ?011202001 01000-??00 0???0??000 00?0000?11 000111?000 ?????201?? 00000?0??0 ?????1100? 000---0000 01011??0?0 010??200-0 ?????0?110 ??0?02?102 000???0000 0000000100 00??000000 100{01}000000 00002?000? 10000?01?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????0 ??????

Geosaurus giganteus ????1?0000 0------0 ?111000??1 ???????-?0 ??11210011 112101201? ?????????? ?001210010 0-0-?00000 1000000100 00?0?220?2 ?1??00?0?? ??2?1????? ?111011001 01?1?????1 ?00??00012 010?0?0--- 1000000001 110000?--- 11100???12 000?02???? ???000?0?? ?11??????0 ?0???0???? ??0?????00 0????????? ????00???? ?????????? ?????????? ?0???????? ?????????? ?00---0000 01????00?0 0????200-0 ?????1?12? ??????0??? ?0????0001 1000000100 0?00?0?000 ?000000?00 ??0?20010? 10000101?? 0????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0------0 --????

Geosaurus grandis 0310120000 0------? 01110000?1 1300010-00 0?11210011 1121001010 02101????? ?001210010 0-?-?00000 100?000100 00?0?22012 012?00000? 022010???? ?111011001 0101100001 1000??0012 01000?0--- 1000000001 11?000?--- ?1100???12 00??02?00? ?????????? ?1???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????00??0? 000000???1 00?11??000 ????????0? {12}00?0????? ?????1?00? ?00---0000 01011??0?0 010??200-0 ?120?1?12? ??????0102 000?0?0001 1000000100 0?00?00000 100??00000 00?020{01}000 ?0?0010??? 0????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0------0 --????

(FRAG) Geosaurus SMNS81834 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0?1 1000000100 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Notosuchus 1400010101 0-0-----00 0011000100 0-00100-01 0011000100 0021101010 001001{12}001 1201100?10 0-00000000 10000?0100 0100100011 00{02}?000101 0010001000 ?111011001 0001100000 0000011101 0101110--- 1101000111 0000021000 0001100?01 100?120001 1210102000 1000000100 0012101011 1101001?00 0111101111 1010000?11 0001110000 168 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

?1???10001 11111111?1 ?01?022000 0220100001 10020?0000 1100120100 0101101120 ??10100100 01200?0200 0000010021 ?011210000 1031011000 ?000201002 ?001000000 0?00??0001 110000??10 1?0???1112 01000??110 1010010{12}?? 0000?????? ????0?

Mariliasuchus 1400010101 0-0-----00 0011000100 0-00100-01 0000--00-- --21101010 001000---- 1201100110 0-00000000 10000?0100 0100?0000- 300?000100 00100010?? ?111011000 0001{01}00000 0000011101 0101110--- 1101000110 0000021000 0001100?01 1000120001 1210102010 1000000100 0012101011 1101001300 0111001110 1010000?11 0001110000 ?????10001 11111111?1 ?01?022000 0211000001 10020?0000 0100120100 ?101101120 ??10100100 0120??0200 0000400020 0011210000 1031011000 1000201002 1001000000 0?00??0001 110000??1? ??????1112 01000????? ???00??{12}?? ?000?????? ????0?

Yacarerani 1400010111 0-0-----?0 0011000?00 0-0010??11 0000--00-- --21101010 001020---- ?2?1?00?10 0-00?00000 0???0?0?00 0000?0100- 301?000101 001000???? ?111000000 0001100000 0000011101 01011?0--- 1100000000 000112???? 000110??0? 100?020001 121100?010 ?100000100 ?212101002 ?101011000 011?001?1? 1010000??1 0??1??00?0 ?????10001 111??????1 ?01?02???0 0210000001 10020?0000 0100120100 ?101111000 ????10?100 0120??1200 0000000121 1000210000 1031011010 1000211002 00021000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Adamantinasuchus 0???01?111 0-0-----0? ?011000100 0-00100-01 0000--00-- --21101010 00102????? ?201?00110 0-00?00000 00000?0100 0100???0?? 000?00?1?? 001000???? ?111010001 0?0??????0 ?0000?1?01 010?110--- 1110000000 00010??{01}?{01} 0001100?0? 1?0???0??1 ?21????0?? ??00000?00 ?0??101??? ?10?0???00 0????????? ?0?0?00??? 0??11????? ????????0? 11????11?? ?????2???0 0211000001 1{01}020????0 010??20100 ?1{01}?10100? ???0??0??? ??????02?0 000?000020 0000210000 103?0110?? 1???211002 ?002100000 ?????????? ????00???? ???????11? 0????????? ???00????? ?????????? ??????

Armadillosuchus 0???0101?1 0-0-----0? ???????100 0-00100-0? 0000--00-- --211010?0 00?02????? ?20111?0?0 0-0???0??0 1??00?0?00 0000?12012 000?0001?1 000?00???? ?11101100? 0?01100100 000001100? 01011?0--- 110100010? 000?02111? ?0011???0? 1????????? ??????{12}??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????0?? ?????1???? 111?0?1??? ?????2???? ??????000? ?????????? 0100?2???? ?1???????? ?????????? ??????02?0 0?0101??21 ?00?210000 103???1011 1000211002 01?21000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 0????????? ???????{12}03 10001?00?? ??????

Sphagesaurus huenei 0{04}00011111 0-0-----?0 ?01100?100 0-001?0-01 0000--00-- --21101010 001020---- 0201?1?010 0-00?00000 1??00?0?00 0????????? 00??0001?? ???00????? ?1110??00? 0??1????00 ?00??11001 0101110--- 1101000100 10010????? 00011???0? 1?0?020011 12101020?0 1000000100 101??01??? ?10100???? ?11?0??11? ?0??10???1 ?0?1110??? ?????1??01 111?0?110? ?????2???1 ??????000? ?????????? 0100?20??? ?????????? ??????0??? ??????0220 0001010021 1000210000 1031001011 0000211002 01?2100000 ??10?????1 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Sphagesaurus montealtensis 0{04}00011111 0-0-----?1 0011000100 0-00100-01 0011000000 0021101010 00102?-??? 0201100010 0-00?00000 1000010100 0100?01011 000?000100 000000??0? ?111011001 0001110000 0000011001 0101110--- 1000000000 1001021{01}?? ?0011?0?0? ?0??020011 121010{12}010 ?000000100 ?012101011 1101002?00 011000111? 1010100?11 ???1110000 ?????1?001 11??0111?? ?01?02200? 02{12}?000001 1?020???0? 010002000? 110110112? ???0??0??? ??????0220 000??10021 1000210000 10310?1011 00002?1002 01021000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(FRAG) DGM1411R ?????1??01 10???????1 ?01100?0?0 0-??10?-?? ?000--00-- --?11010?0 0?102????? 169 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

?2??????10 0-???00000 1????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????0????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????1 ??????000? ?????????? 0100?20??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????0220 0001010021 1000210000 103????011 000021100? ?1?21000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Comahuesuchus 0400011101 0-?-----?0 00??0?0??0 0-00100-?1 0000--00-- --21001010 0{01}100????? ?2011000?1 0000?00000 0000010000 000000{01}00- 000?0001?1 0{01}?000???? ?100000000 00010000?0 ?000011001 01011?0--- 11?{01}100??0 10000????? ?0011?0?0? 1???0200?1 121010?0?0 0000000100 0012101011 110?0???00 0110001?11 1010?00??1 00?11?0000 ?????10?0? 11110?11?1 ?????22000 02{12}?000111 0?02????0? ?000120?0? ?10111??0? ??????0??? ??????0000 0000000010 0011000000 010000?{12}00 000010000- ?0000?00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Baurusuchus 040022?001 0-0-----01 0011000100 0-00102011 0000--00-- --20012210 021000---- 121111??11 0000?00000 1000000000 0100012012 40??000100 00100????? ?111010001 0001100100 1000000001 0101110--- 1111100201 ?120021111 10011???01 101?0200?1 1210102000 00000002?0 1012101011 1101000000 011110?111 2011000?01 00?1110000 ?1???10001 01110011?1 ?01?02?000 0211001000 00020??000 1111010000 1110?01111 ??10120100 0120??0000 0000000100 0011200000 1200001000 0001100110 1000000000 ??10???0?? ?10000???? ???111?112 01000??110 1110010{12}?? ?????????? ??????

Stratiotosuchus 040022?001 0-0-----01 0011000000 0-00102011 0000--00-- --21012210 0210010142 ?21111???1 0000?00000 1000000000 0100012012 40??000100 00100????? ?111011001 0001100100 1000000001 0101110--- 1111100??1 ?120021112 10011?0?0? 101?020011 1210102000 00000002?0 1012101011 1101001000 011110?111 2011000?01 00?1110000 ?????10001 011?0?11?? ?01?02?000 0211??1000 00?20????0 ?1???10??? ?????0?11? ??1?120??? ??????00?0 0000000100 0011200000 1200001?00 0??????110 1000000000 ?????????? ????00???? ???111?112 01?00??110 1110010{12}?? ?????????? ??????

Malawisuchus 000001110? ??0?????0? 00?100?100 0-0??02?1{12} 0011010000 002100101? ?1100????? 021??10111 0000?00000 1000?10100 0000000010 000?000101 00?001???? ?111?20001 0?01000000 0000?11001 0101110--- 110100010? 00000211{01}? 00011???0? 100?02?001 121000?000 0112000??0 ?0??100?0? 110?0???00 0??00?1?00 10?0??0??1 00?1110000 ?????1000? {12}1?10?1??1 ?????220?? 02203?0?00 0002???0?0 010?120201 ?110?0?000 ??1?100100 01200?00?0 0100001010 0111{12}01000 ?22?01100? ????????02 ?000001000 ?0???????? ????0???1? ???????11? 0????????? ???0010{12}?? ???0??01?? ??????

Candidodon 0000112110 12011????0 001100?100 0-0?100-?1 0011000000 0021001010 01100????? 02110?000? 0-00?00000 1???110?00 0000?00010 000?00010? ??100????? ?111011000 0?01000000 ?000001001 0101110--- 1101000101 1?000????? 00011???0? 10??02?001 1210002000 01????0000 ?0121010{01}{12} 1101000000 011?01?10? 1010000??1 00?11?0000 ?????10001 111?0?11?0 ?????2200? 0???????00 0????????? 010??20??? ?110?????? ??????0??? ??????00?0 010??00010 0???100000 12220110?0 ????111??? ?0?0?010?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????11? 0????????? ???0???{12}?? ?????????? ??????

Uruguaysuchus 0000112110 120111??10 0011000100 0-0?100-0? 001100010? 0021001010 011001?0?? 0211010101 0000?00000 1??0110000 0000000010 000?000101 00100????? ?111020001 0001000000 0000001001 01011?0--- 1101000001 00000{12}1??? 00011???0? 1???020001 121000{12}000 0100100010 ?012101002 1101000000 0??001?10? 10{01}00?0?01 00?11??0?? ?????1000? 11110????0 ?????2???0 0210000100 01000????0 010?1?0?0? ?11010??0? ??10110100 012???0000 0100000010 0?11100000 12220?1000 000?1??102 170 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1000000000 00???????? ?00000???? 1??111?111 01???????? ???0???1?? ?000000?-0 ??????

Araripesuchus patagonicus 1000111100 1201000?10 00???001?0 0-0??02?1{12} 0011000100 0021010010 0?100????? ?21000000? 1?0??00000 100001?100 0000000010 000?000101 001000???? ?100000001 0001000000 ?000001001 0101100--- 1111000111 1?{01}002101{01} 000110??01 1?01020001 121000?000 0100000000 ?011101022 1101011100 0?10011100 1000000?01 00?11?00?? ?????10001 11110?1??0 001?02?00? 0210310?00 01010??0?0 ?10?1?02?1 0110?0?100 ??1?110101 01100?01?0 00000000?? ??11100000 01220?100? ????????0{12} ?0?0?00000 ?????????? ????0???1? ???????111 ?1001????? ???0???102 00001100-0 ??????

Araripesuchus gomesii 1000111100 1201100110 0010100100 0-00002112 0011000100 0021010010 011000---- ?210000001 1000?00000 1000012100 0000000010 000?000101 0010001101 ?100000001 0001000000 ?000001001 0101100--- 1111100121 1110021010 000110??01 1101020001 1210001000 0100000010 0011101022 1101011100 0?100?1100 1000000?01 00011?0000 ?1???10001 11110?11?0 001?02{03}000 0210310100 01010??000 010102021? ?11010?100 ??10110101 01100?01?0 0000000000 0111000000 012?011000 000010010{12} 1000000000 10?????00? ?10000??11 1??1111111 01001?0??? ???0010102 00001101-0 0?????

Araripesuchus wegeneri 1000111100 120110?110 0010100100 0-00002112 0011000100 0021010010 011000---- 1210000001 1000?00000 1000012000 010000000- 300?000001 0010001101 ?100000001 0001000000 0000001001 0100100--- 111110011{12} 11100210?? 00011?0?01 1?01020001 1210002000 0100000010 0011101002 1101001100 0110011100 1000000?01 00?1110000 ?1???10001 11111?1??0 001?023000 02{12}???0100 0???????0? 00000102?? ?11010??0? ?????????? ??????0000 0000{01}00000 0111100000 0122012000 0001100102 1000000000 00???????? ????00???? ???????111 01?0???101 10??0101?? ????????-0 11??0?

Araripesuchus buitreraensis 1???11110? ??0??????0 0??????000 0-0??0??12 0011?00100 002??10010 0?10?????? ?????10??1 100??00000 1???????00 00000{01}{01}00- 3?0?0000?1 001?00???? ?100001001 000100?000 ?000??100? 01?01????? 1??1000?{01}? ???00{12}1??? ?0011???0? 1???020001 121000?000 010?000010 ?011101002 1101011000 0?1001?100 10000???0? ???1???0?? ?????1?0?? 11?1?????? ?01?0????? 0?????0100 0????????? 010?120??0 0111?0???? ?????????? ??????0??0 0000000??? ?????01000 01?{12}01?00? 0????0010{12} 10?0??00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Araripesuchus tsangatsangana 0000111200 1?01100??0 00?1000000 0-0?00??12 001100010? 002??10010 0?10?????? 0????10??1 000??00000 101001?000 00000{01}{01}00- 3?0?000001 001?001111 ?100000001 0001000000 1000001001 0100100--- 11110001{12}1 0?0002101{01} 0001100?01 1101020001 1210???0?0 0???000??? 0011{01}0{01}002 1101000000 0?10???10? {01}0???00?01 0011110000 ?1???1000? 11110111?0 001?023000 0111000100 01?10??000 0100120001 0110100??0 ??1011?111 0?0?0?0000 0000000010 00??101000 0122011000 0000100101 {12}000000000 000??1?11? ?00000??1? 1{01}01111?11 010????101 101??????? ?????????? ????0?

Crato Form ?000111100 1201100010 0011000100 0-00002112 0011000100 0021001010 01100????? ?210000011 1000?00000 1000011?00 0100?0000- 301?000101 001000???? ?11101?001 0?01100000 ?00000?0?? ???????--- 11???00??1 ???00????? ?????????? ????020001 1210???000 0??????0?0 ?012101001 1?01?00000 0?1?01?10? 10000???0? ?????????? ?????1000? 1?????1??? ?????????? 0?????0?00 010??????? 010???0{12}?? ?110?1???? ??1???0??0 0?????00?0 00000000?0 ?111000000 012{01}011??0 0???????02 ?0?0?00000 00???????? ????00???? ???????11? 01???????0 ???????102 0000??00-? 01????

Libycosuchus 171 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

0000111100 120111???0 0011000?00 0-00102112 001??00?00 0021001010 01100101?? ?21?010010 0000?00000 1?00010?00 0000000011 000?000101 ??100????? ?1110??00? 0??1000000 ?000001001 0101100--- 11?1100011 11000????? 11011?0??? 1?0?0200?1 121?0000?0 0100000?10 001?10?00{12} 110?????00 001001110? 1000000?01 00?11?0000 ?????10001 111?0?1100 ??1??2?000 0210310001 010?0???00 1000120?01 ?111?11100 ??10010100 01200?0??? ????????10 ?111?00001 01?1011?00 00001000?? 000?-???00 ?0???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Lomasuchus 0000111000 10?111???0 00?000???0 0-0??????2 0?11?0010? 0021012211 1210?????? ?211010001 0100?00000 1010010000 0000001012 000?0?0101 0020001?01 ?111010001 0001000100 0000001001 01011?0--- 1111100011 ???0021112 10011{12}??01 1?0?02000? 1210002000 0100200010 001{12}101001 1101000000 011?0??100 1001?00?01 0001110000 ?????10001 11?10?1??? ?01?0??0?? ???????10? 0??{12}?????? ?????????? ?????1110? ?????????? ??????0000 0000000100 0?11??0??? 1{12}120?1??? ???????110 ?0?00000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 0????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Montealtosuchus 0000111000 1001111110 0?10000100 0-00?02112 0011000100 0021012211 1210010152 ?211010001 0100?00000 1010010000 0000001012 000?000101 0020001??? ?111010001 0001000100 0000001001 0101100--- 11111000?1 1110021112 10011{12}0?0? 100?020001 1210002000 0100200010 0012101001 1101000000 0110011100 1001000?01 0001110000 ?????10001 11110?1100 ?01?023000 0211311100 01020??001 011?110210 ?110111100 ??00020112 0010000000 0000000100 0111100010 12120?1000 0001100110 1000000000 ?????????? ?????0??11 ???????11? 01?0???110 111????2?? ???0?????? ??????

Uberabasuchus 0400111100 1{12}01111110 0010000000 0-00002112 0011000100 0021012211 12100????? 0211010001 1000?00000 1010010000 0000001012 40??000101 0{12}2?0{01}???? ?11?0200?1 00?1000100 0000001001 0101110--- 11111000{01}? 1120021112 10011{12}1?0? 1?0?020001 12100??0?0 01???????? ?0???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????00?01 00?????0?? ?????{12}00?? 11010?11?? ???????0?? 0211311?00 02120??0?1 011?110211 1111?11110 ??0??2?112 10????0110 0010?00??0 0111200010 ?212001?00 0??1???110 10?0000000 ?0???????? ????0????1 1???1?111{12} 01?????110 1110???2{01}2 0?{01}01001?? ??????

Cf. Hamadasuchus 0500221100 100111???0 0000000000 0-00012112 0011000000 0121012211 0210310052 ?211010001 0100?00000 1001010100 0000?01012 000?000101 002?00???? ?111010001 0001000100 0000001001 0101100--- 111110021? 11000{12}111? 100110??01 100?020001 1210001000 11002000?0 0010202002 0101000000 01100?1100 2?01100?01 00?11?0100 ?1???100?1 120?0?1110 ?01?02300? ??????11?? ????????0? ?????????? ?110?????? ?????????? ??????01?0 0000000100 0???{12}00000 12120?2000 0001100110 10?0?000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Caririsuchus ????211100 1?0111??1? ?????????? 100001201? ?00---00-- --{12}?012110 02100????? ?211010001 0100?00000 10010101?0 0000?0001? ?0??000101 001?00???? ?11101?001 0001000100 0000001001 010110???? 11111001?? 100002111? 100110??0? 1????????? ??1??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????0? ?????????? ?????????? 121?0?1??? ?01?02???? ?2{12}1{03}?1100 01100??0?? 01???{12}?{02}?1 ?????????? ??0??{12}?1?2 ?0????00?0 1000000100 ?0??{01}00000 ?11{12}001?00 0??????110 {12}0?0?000?? ?????????? ????00???? 1?????1111 020??????0 ???0???202 00001000?? 11????

Sebecus 0500121?10 12011111?0 ?000000000 1000?1{12}010 0????????? ??2101211? ?21?30---- ?21?010002 0-00?00000 100?0?01?? 0100?010?? ??0?00?101 00??00???? ?111021001 0?0100010? ?00000{01}001 010110???? 111110021? 10000{12}111? 10011?1?0? 1?0?02??01 1210?01000 01000000?0 00?1101??? 110?0???00 01100?01?? 2????????1 00?11?0000 ?1???100?1 1{12}110?1110 ?01?0?3000 0201??1000 011?????01 011?020??? 172 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

?1??01???? ???0021112 ?0{01}?0?0000 1000000100 0011{01}00000 110{12}0?1000 0000211110 1000000000 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(FRAG) Bergisuchus ?????21110 12???????? ??????0??0 {01}????????? 0?11000000 001??12?11 0??0?????? ?211?10??? 0?00?000?0 1??101???0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????1 ?????????? 1????????? ?0???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????1000 0????????? 011??20??? ?1??0????? ?????????? ??????0000 10000001?0 0????????? ?10?001000 ?001211110 10000000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(FRAG) SMNS81977 ????1????? ?????????? ??????0??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?2{12}1{03}?1100 01120????0 0110?10??? ???????1?? ????02?112 00????0?00 000000001? 0????????? ?????02000 0001100??? ??0???00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Anatosuchus 1???102100 1101101110 0011000100 0-0?002112 0011010100 0021?01010 02100????? 12{12}?010011 1000?00000 1011?10000 01000000{01}0 0000000101 0010001??1 ?101010001 0001000000 1000001001 0001100--- 111110011? 100002???? 00011???0? 1000020001 121000?000 010{02}{01}00010 0010202002 ?{12}0110??00 0?10001100 1100000?01 00?11?00?? ?????10001 11010?1100 ?01?0200?0 020131??11 0001???0?0 1000020?11 ?101?0?100 ??10021110 01?0??0110 0000000110 0111000001 010{12}0?1?00 0000?00001 1000?00000 0????-?00? ????????11 ???????11? 02?????110 11?????{12}10 0000{01}001?? ??????

Kaprosuchus 0??030210? ?1011000?0 0011000010 2401001001 0011010101 0121012110 021000---- 0211001001 1100?00000 1011?100{01}0 010000200? 0000000111 002101???? ?101120001 0001100000 1000001001 0101100--- 1101111212 11100????? 10011????? 1?0?020001 1210101100 0102000010 0010202020 0101111300 0110011100 210000???? ?????????? ?1???1???? 120?0???00 ?????????? ?20???0111 00010??1?1 10????0201 ?1???0?110 ??10?20110 01?0??0000 00000001{01}0 0001200001 1202002?00 0000???110 00000000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Mahajangasuchus 1??0?0210? ??01100110 0??10001?0 {12}???0????? ??11010100 012100101? ???00????? ??{12}?0?1001 ?000?00000 1011?10020 0000002012 4010000111 0011011?01 ?101021001 0001100100 0002001001 0101110--- 110111121? 11200????? 10011{12}??02 100?02000? 12101??000 ?1?2??0010 ?011202?11 1201101200 0110010100 210000??01 0001110100 11???1000? 12000?1100 ?01?02300? ?201310111 00010??0?1 1000021011 100-00??0? ??100211{01}1 01?0?00?00 000??00?00 00???0000? ?1{01}1001?00 0000{12}0011{01} 0000000000 00????1110 000000??11 1??1111112 010?1??110 1110???{12}{01}? ?0000001?? ??????

Theriosuchus pusillus 1{12}?1001100 11011?1?10 01?1000000 1?00002010 001???0?00 0011012110 02100????? ?210010001 1101000000 1000010100 0111100011 0?0?000101 010?001001 ?10011?00? 00010000?0 ?000101001 010110???? 11100000{01}1 0000011??? ?0011???01 110?020001 121010?000 0100000000 0011102102 010?100000 0110001100 1000000?0? ???11??0?? ?1??010001 22?10011?0 ?????230{01}0 000-??1200 011????0?0 000??10??? 0110?00??? ??000????? ????0?0000 0000000010 0011100000 112200{12}000 0000???100 ?00000000? ?????????? ????00??1? ??????1{01}01 0???1?0100 10?00102{01}? 000010???0 11????

173 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Theriosuchus guimarotae 1???001?00 11?11?11?0 0??100?000 1?0??02010 ?011000100 0011?121?0 0?10?????? ?2100?0101 1101?00000 1000010000 011??000?? 0?0????1?1 010000???? ?10011?001 0001000?0? ?00?1?1001 010110???? 11100000{01}1 000?011??? ?0011?00?1 11??02?00? ?210???0?0 ?1?????00? ??1110???{12} 0?01????00 ??1?0??1?? 10000????? ?????????? ????????0? 22??0????? ?????????? 0200?012?? ?1?00??0?0 01???10201 ?????0?00? ?????????{12} ??????0000 000???0?10 0???10?000 ?122?01000 ?0001??100 ?0?0??0001 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Stolokrosuchus 12113?1100 1?0??????0 ???????100 100011201{12} 0011?10200 0121012010 0211012111 ?11??100?0 10?1?00000 1001110100 000000100- 300?000101 0100001?01 ?100?10001 0001100100 0000001001 0101100--- 111110?2{12}? 11000????? 0001101101 1000020??1 12100120?0 011100000? 00???0???? ??0??????? 011?0??10? ??00100?01 00?1110000 ?????00001 22000??1?0 ??1??2301? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 1??0?????? ?????????? ??????01?? 00????0?10 0???1?0000 11?1001??? ?????????0 ?0?0??00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Calsoyasuchus 1???301100 1101?????0 ??1101?000 1000010-00 0011110211 0101012010 021030---- 0111210010 1001010010 1001010100 0000000012 000?0001?1 000?00???? ?110011?01 000100?0?0 100???1001 01???????? 11??10??0? 11000??{01}{01}? 10011?1101 11??2????1 12????1??? 0101??0??? ?????????? ???11000?? 0????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??1??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????01?? 00?02?0??0 ????100000 11?2001??? ?????????? ?00??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????0?

Eutretauranosuchus 1???101?00 10011111?0 01?10?0??0 ?????????0 ?000--00-- --110120?? ??10?????? ?1100100?1 0001?10010 1001?1?1?? ?000100011 001?000101 00000011?? ?110011001 0001000000 ?00000100? 010110???? 1111100?{12}? 1?0?0??{01}1? ?0011???01 1?0?220001 120001{12}000 0102100000 0011102102 0101000000 011?00?100 1000100?01 00?11?00?? ?????00001 220?0?1??0 ?????2???0 ?211001100 01100??0?0 0110?10?0? 111????1?? ??0?02?101 00000?0??? ?0?02?01?? ?0????0?0? ?1{01}2001000 001020110? 100??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????0??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Sunosuchus junggarensis 1???201?00 100111??10 0??10??000 2000010-00 ?000--00-- --?1012010 02103101?? 0110010011 0001?10010 1001?1??00 0100?00011 000?000101 000000???? ?110011001 0001000000 ?000001??1 010110???? 1111100?{12}? 110?0101{12}- ?0011???01 110?220001 ?2?0??2000 0102100000 0011102?02 0101000000 011000?100 10001?0?01 00011?00?? ?1???00001 22010011?0 ?????2?010 02{12}?001?00 01100????0 01100102?1 ?110??0100 ??00020101 00000?0110 00002001?0 ?0??{01}00000 11020?1000 0????01100 ?0000?0000 00??11???? ????0????? 1?????1{01}01 0???1??110 1110???2?? 00001010?0 ?1????

Sunosuchus miaoi 1211{12}00{12}00 1?011111?0 0????????0 ?????????? ??00--00-- --???????? ?????????? ?{12}?0??00?? ???-?10010 1???????00 0000?0000- 000?000101 0?0000???? ?110010001 0??1000000 ?00000100? 010110???? 11111001{12}? ????0??{01}{12}? 10011???0? 1???22000? 1210???00? ?10????000 ?011102002 0101000000 0?1000?100 10?0100?01 ???11??0?? ?????0000? 220?0?11?0 ??1??2??1? 021141??00 01100??0?0 0{12}??????01 ?1?0?1?00? ??00020101 00000?01?? 0000200??0 ???1?????? ???20???0? ?????????? ?0?0??00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(FRAG) Sunosuchus thailandicus ????{12}????? 1?????11?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????0????? ?????????? ?????????? 174 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?2{12}?41???? 01100????0 0???????01 ?1???1?0?? ??0??20101 000?0????? ?????0???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????0??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Siamosuchus phuphokensis 1{12}?1101?00 10011???10 ????0??010 200?010-00 ?00------?1?12110 02103????? 02100100?1 1101?1001? 100101?110 0100?{01}{01}0?? {03}?0??0010? 0??000???? ?1110???0? 0??10000?0 1?00?0???1 ?1???????? 11??1????? 1????????? ?0011????? 10??0????1 121??????? 01???????? ????{12}0???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????00?01 00?11?10?? ?????000?1 220?0011?0 ?????2?0?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????01?0 0010200110 0?00{01}00000 2112?02?00 0??????1?0 ?0?0??0?00 1011??1110 0????0???? 1??111?00? ?10?1????? ???0???2?? 0??01011?? ?1????

Amphicotylus lucasii 1211101100 1?0111???0 01110?0010 200?010-00 1000--00-- --11012110 02104111?? 01100000?1 1101?10010 1001010110 1000?0100- 300?000101 10?10{01}1??? ?111011101 0?01000010 1100001001 010111???? 111110012? 11000??12- 10011???0? 1?0?020001 12101120?0 0100000000 0???{12}0???? ??0??????? ??1?00??00 ?000100?01 00?11??000 ??????0001 220?0?11?0 ??1??2001? ?????????? ?????????0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????01?0 0010200110 00?0101?00 2112002?0? 0??????1?0 ?0?0?10??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Nannosuchus 1211101100 1?0111??1? ?1?101?000 2001010-00 ?000--00-- --11012110 0210{34}????? 0110000011 1101?00000 1000010110 1001?0000- 000?00010? 021101???? ??11021101 0101000010 110000100{01} 0101101??? 111?000?{12}1 100?01112- 1000????0? 1????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 100??00??1 00?11?1000 ??????0??? 220??????0 ?????2??1? 0?????1100 0????????? 00???10??? ?110?????? ?????????? ????0??1?0 0000200110 0???????0? ?10?????0? ???????1?? ??????00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Goniopholis simus 1211101100 1001111110 0111010010 2101010-00 1000--00-- --11012110 0210410132 0110000011 1101010011 1001010110 100011100- 101?000102 0211011?01 ?11102{01}111 1101000010 1100001000 11011011?1 111110012? 110?01112- 10011{12}??01 1?0?020001 121001200? 0102100000 0011102102 0101000000 0??00??100 1000100?01 00?1111000 ????000001 220?0011?0 ?01-020010 0101101100 01100??0?0 0010010201 111?010100 ??00020101 00000?0110 0010200110 0000100000 2112002100 0110200100 100001000? ?????????? ?00000??1? 1??????001 01011????? ???0???2{01}? 00001010?? ??????

Goniopholis kiplingi 1211201100 100111??10 ??1101?010 2101010-00 1000--00-- --11012110 0210410132 0110000011 1101010011 1001110110 1000?1100- 100?000102 021101???? ?111020111 1101000010 1100001000 110110???? 111110012? 110001112- 10011{12}1?0? 110??20??1 1210??2000 ????????00 001??02102 ??0?????00 0???????0? 100?100?01 00?11?1000 ??????00?? 220?00??20 ?????20?1? ?????????? ?????????0 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????01?0 0010200110 000?100000 2112002?0? 0??????1?0 ?0?0?100?? ?????????? ?????????? ???111???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????0?

Goniopholis baryglyphaeus 1???101100 1001111110 01?10100?0 ?????10-?0 1000--00-- --11012110 0?1??????? ?110000011 1101010011 1001010110 100010100- 100?000101 02?101110? ?111020101 1101000010 1?00001000 110110???? 11?1100122 1?000??12- 10011?100? 110?020001 12100??0?? ?1?????00? 0011102002 0?01000000 011?00??00 100?100?01 00111?1000 ?????000?? 220?00?1?0 ????020010 ?00---1100 02100??0?0 0010?10?-1 ?1??000100 ??0?020101 00?00?0110 00?0200110 00?010?000 2112002100 0110200100 10000?0000 1????????? ??00?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????2?? ?0?01010?? ?????? 175 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Hooley goniopholidid 1211101100 1001111110 01?10100?0 ?????1???? ??00--00-- --11012??0 0???{34}????? ?110000011 1001?10011 1001010100 000011200- 300?1?0101 020102???? ?111021101 0101000010 1210002000 01011?1??? 110100002? 110001222? 10000???0? 1?0?02000? 121011?00? 0112100001 0011102002 0101000000 ?11000?10? 1000100?01 00?11?1000 ????0000?1 220?0??1?0 ??1-?20010 000---1?00 02100????0 001?010?-1 ?11100000? ??0?020101 00??0?0110 0010200110 0?0?????0? ?112002200 011000010? 100001000? ?????????? ????0????? ????????0? ?????????? ???????2?? ?00010?0?? ??????

Dollo goniopholidid 1211101100 1001111110 ?111010010 200?010-00 ?000--00-- --11012110 02104????? 0110000011 1101?10011 1001?10100 000011200- 300?10010? 020102???? ?111021000 0?01000010 ?210002000 010110???? 110100002? 110001222- 10000???0? 1?0?020?01 1210???00? ?1?????001 001?10?002 0?01?????? ??1000??0? 1000100?01 00?11?1000 ????00000? 220?0???00 ?01-02001? 000---1100 01100??01? 00100102-1 ?1??00?0?? ??0?020101 0000000110 00102?0110 0?0?10??0? 211200220? ?11000010? ?0000??000 0011??1110 000000??11 1??1111{01}01 010?1??100 1000???2?? ?0001010?? 01????

Hulke goniopholidid 1211301100 100111???0 01?101?010 2001010-00 1000--00-- --11012110 02104{12}00?? 0110000011 1001?10011 1001110100 0000?1200- 101?100101 02010111?1 ?111011001 0101100000 1100001000 110110110? 1101100022 110001112- 10001{12}1101 110?0200?? 1210112000 0111100000 0011102002 010?100000 011?00?10? 10001?0?01 00?11?1000 ?????00001 220?00?1?0 ?01-02001? ?????????? ???????0?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????01?0 0010200110 0?00100000 2112002?0? ???????1?0 ?0?0??00?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Pholidosaurus schaumburgensis 1000300200 110111??10 0???00-0?0 2??????-?0 ??00--00-- --1101101? ????{34}1???? ?{01}100100?0 --0-?00000 1001010100 0000?1200- 100?000100 021101???? ?111011001 0101100100 1100001001 010?101101 1101000022 11000??12- 10000?1?01 110?02?00? 1210-??000 1111000000 ?011102002 0101000000 0110001100 ?000100?01 00?1111000 ?0???00001 22000?11?0 ?010020010 ?????01000 0111?????0 0210010?0? 012?000??0 ???0020112 00100?0110 0010200110 0?00????0? ?0{01}200-000 0010202??? 1?00010001 1????????? ?????0???1 1????????? 0???1????? ????????{01}? ???0??1??? ??????

(FRAG) Sarcosuchus hartti ?????0???? ?????????? ?1????0??? ???????-?? 0????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?-???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????0 0?????0000 0????????? 0220000??? ?120?????? ?????????? ??????0110 0010300110 0?0??????1 ??0????20? 211000000? 2?000100?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Sarcosuchus imperator 1211201200 1101111110 01??0?0000 1000010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0211310010 01{01}0010000 --0-?00000 100101?10? 000001100- 300?100102 0001001?00 ?110111001 0111000100 ?210002001 010?100--- 1111?0012? 10000??{01}1- 11000?1?01 100?020001 1210010010 0111000000 0011102001 1101000000 01100?1100 1000100?01 00011?1000 ?0???00001 22000?11?0 ?010023010 0101000000 01110????0 0220000001 1120010101 ???0020101 00000?0110 0010300110 0000111101 2001000200 2110000000 2000010000 0001???00? ?000?0??1? 100111100? 010?1????? ???0???212 00001011?? 00????

Elosuchus 1211211200 110111??10 01??0??000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --11011010 021131{01}042 0110010001 1011?00000 1001010100 0000?2200- 200?100101 01010????? ?110111001 0?01000100 111000210{01} 010?100--- 1111100221 11000??{01}1- 11011?1?01 11??020001 1210012000 0112000000 0011202001 ?20100{12}100 011000110? 1000100?01 00?11?1000 ?????00001 220?0?11?0 ?01002301? ?22100???? ?11??????? 02??01??0? 176 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

?1??01??0? ??????0??2 00????01?0 0010{23}?0110 0000{01}00000 21{01}2001?00 0????????0 ?0?0?10?00 ?0???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????2?? ?00010?1?? ??????

Vectisuchus 1{12}?1210200 11011111?? 01?10?-000 ???????-?? ?000--00-- --11011010 0?11{34}????? ?1100?0000 0-?-??0??0 1????10?00 0000?2200- 201?10010? 0{12}0?0????? ?1101??001 0?010001?0 111000210? 010?1????? 1111100121 1?000????- 11000?1?0? ????02000? 1210???0?0 ???????000 0011202001 020100??00 0?1?00?10? 1000100?01 00?11??000 ?????00001 220?0?11?0 ???????010 0?20101000 011?0????0 02??010001 ?120?0?10? ??1?020111 00100?0110 0010200110 0?00?????? ?0{01}{12}00- {01}00 ???????000 10?0010000 ?0?1?????? ?????????? ???????11? 0????????? ???0???2?? ?0?01011?0 ??????

Dyrosaurus maghribensis 1310211200 1101110010 010000-000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0211311010 0110011000 0-1-?00000 1001010100 0000022012 000?000101 010000???? ?110?11001 0101100100 11100?2001 0101101101 1111100022 1000010{01}?- 11000?1?0? 100?020001 1210012000 0111000000 0011202001 ?201000000 0110001100 1000121?01 01?1111011 ?0???01101 220?0?11?0 ?010023010 110?000000 01110??000 023001020? 0120000000 ??10021122 10111?0110 0000200110 0?00000000 100200-000 0000212100 1010010000 10???????? ?00010??1? ??0????00? 0?011??110 11100102?? ?11010???? ??????

Dyrosaurus phosphaticus 1??0{23}11200 11?111??10 ?10000-000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 02113???10 0110011000 0-1-?00000 1001010100 0000?220?2 ?0??00?1?? ??000?1100 ?110?11001 ?1?1?001?0 ???00?{12}001 0????????? 11??100??2 1000010??? ?10??{12}???? 1???0200?1 121?01???0 0111000000 0????0???? ?????????? ?11??????? 1????????? ?????11?11 ?????????? 220??????? ????????10 1?????0000 01???????? ??30?????? ?120??0??? ???????12? 1?1?1?0110 0000200110 0?00000000 100??0-000 ?000212100 10100100?? ?????????? ????1????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Congosaurus 1???{23}11200 11?1??1110 ?10000-000 2000010-0? 0?00--00-- --01011010 021131?010 0110011000 0-1-?00000 1001?10100 0??0?????? ????00???? ?????????? ??1??11??? ?1???????0 ??????{12}001 0????????? 1???100??2 100?0????? ?????????? ????020??1 121001?000 0111000??? 0????0???? ?????????? ?11??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??0??????? ?????????0 0??????000 011??????1 ???0?????? ?120???0?0 ??1???112? 1?111?0110 0000200110 0?0?000000 100??0-00? ?000212100 10100?0?00 10???????? ?00010??1? ???111?00? 01?11??110 11100????? ?11??????? ??????

Guarinisuchus 1310111100 110111??10 010000-0?? 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 02113????? 0110011000 0-1-?00000 1001010100 0000?22012 001?001?0? 0{12}0000???? ??10?11001 0101210100 11100?2001 010110???? 111110002? 10000??{01}0- 11000???01 100?020001 1210012000 0111000000 0011202001 0201000000 011000?100 1000121?01 01?11?1011 ?????11101 220???11?0 ?010023010 0????0?000 0??1?????? ?2?0010?0? ?1200???0? ???0???12? ??1???0110 0000200?10 0?00000000 100200-?0? ???????100 1010010?00 ?0???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??0??????? ???????2?? ?????????? ??????

Rugosuchus 1{12}?1200?00 1101111110 0???00?000 {12}?0?0020?0 000---00-- --{01}1012{01}10 0{12}10{03}1???? 0210010001 0101?11000 100101{01}100 0111?00011 000???0101 01??00???? ?100101001 0?010001?0 ??0000{12}00{12} 010110???? 1111100{12}2? 11000???{01}? 10011???0? ??0?020001 121010?0?0 ?112000000 0011102102 020?????00 0????0???? 100?100?01 000110?00? ?????0000? {12}2??0?1100 ?????2??00 000---??00 011??????0 001?010{01}?1 ?110?????? ??0?0201{01}{12} ?0100?0{01}{01}0 0000?00?10 0?11100000 11-2002?00 0????????? ?0?0??00?? ?0???????? ?0000????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????2?? ?010?????? 11????

177 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Bernissartia 1101001100 1101111110 01?1000000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01012110 02103?1??? 0110010001 1101?00000 1001010000 0000?0{01}01{01} 0000000101 0{12}20001?01 ?10011100? 0001000010 ?000001001 010110100? 1111100122 11000??{01}0- 0001121?01 1?00020001 1210100010 01?1000000 00?020{12}0?{12} 020?0???00 011000010? 100?100001 00011?1000 ?????000?1 22000?1100 00?0023010 000---1200 011101?010 00000100-0 ?10?000?00 ??00020101 0000000000 0000{13}00010 0?11100000 1112102000 ?001100100 1000000000 ?1??10???? ?000?0?01? 1011111001 0101100??? ???0010212 00101001?0 01????

Susisuchus 1101202100 110111001? ?1?100-000 2200010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 02100????? 0210010100 2-0-?00000 1001010100 0000000010 000?00010? ??0000???? ?100120001 00?1000000 00000?1001 0001111001 111?100??? 00000??{01}{01}- 000?11??0? 1?0??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????00??? ????1?00?? ??????0??? 220?0????? ?0000230?? ?????????? ?1??0????0 ?????1???1 ?????0???? ??????01?? 000??????0 ?????????? ???????00? 10???????? ?????????0 ??????0?01 0????????? ?000????1? ???????00? 01?????110 110????202 11100001?? ??????

Isisfordia 1101201100 110111??10 0???0?-000 2200010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210010042 02100100?0 2-0-?00000 1001010100 0000000012 000?000101 010000???? ?100120001 0001000000 0000001001 0101101001 111110012? 11000??{01}{01}- 0001111?0{12} 1?0?020001 1210110010 0112100000 0011202001 03010-??00 011000110? 10001?0?01 00?11?0000 ?????00001 220?0?11?0 000002300? 02{12}?{01}0???? ????0????0 ?????1?20? ????00010? ??????0??? ??????0000 0000000110 0?11000000 10020?0??? ?????????0 ?0?0000001 01???????? ?????0??1? 1??????001 010?1??1?0 ???0???222 ?1100001?? 1?????

Allodaposuchus 1??1101?00 110111???0 0????0?000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210010042 02100100?1 2101?00000 1001010100 0000100012 402?000101 012000???? ?100121001 0001000100 1000001001 010110???? 111110012? 11000??{01}{01}- 00011?1101 1?0?020001 12101?1010 0100000000 ?000212??? 031?0???00 001????10? ?0???00?01 00?11?1000 ????10000? 22000?1?00 00?-02000? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????0110 0000100110 0000100000 1112102?0? ?????????1 ?0?00000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Iharkutosuchus 1???001{01}00 110??????0 0????0?000 2000010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210010042 02100101?0 2-01000000 0110010000 000--002-- ---?000101 012000???? ?100100001 0001000100 000000{12}001 010110???? ?1111001?? 00?00??{01}{01}- 11011?1?0? 110?011001 1210100010 0100000000 ?000212001 03100-??00 0010001100 00100?0?01 00?11110?0 ?????0000? 22100????0 0????2?0?0 000---0001 02111??0?0 00000201-1 ?00-10000? ??0?0201?? ??????0110 0010002010 0000000001 1022103000 000010000? 10000000?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Hylaeochampsa 1?0???1?0? 110?????10 0??1?0???0 ?????1???? ?000--00-- --0??????0 0????????? ??{12}00?00?? ??01?00000 ?110010000 0001000011 0000000101 0120001?01 0100100000 0001000000 1000001001 01011????? 1???100??2 10000??{01}{01}- 1101121101 1??002100? 121010?010 ?100000000 0000212001 03100-??00 001000?100 ?0?0110001 00?11?1000 ??0?100001 22??00???? 000-02000? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????0??? ??0??????? ???????00? ??221?3??? ?????????? ?0??????11 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

Gavialis 178 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1101310200 1101000110 010000-000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0211310010 0010010000 0-1-000000 1001110100 0000011012 ?0?0000111 0100001111 0111111001 0101100000 1000002001 0101101001 1101100122 1100010??- 1101121101 1100020001 1210010010 0111000000 0000212000 13100-0000 0010000100 0000100101 0001110100 1100000101 2200001100 0100023100 0211000000 0110000000 0230010001 0120000100 0?10020112 1001000110 0000100110 0000000000 100200-000 0000202000 1000010011 1111111110 1000000011 1011111000 0101101110 1100010111 0101000100 110?00

Piscogavialis 1101311200 110100??10 010000-000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0211310010 0010010000 0-1-?00000 1001110100 0000011012 2000000110 0100001111 ?100011001 0101100100 1000002001 010110100? 1101100122 11000????- 1101121101 110?020001 1210110010 0111000000 0000212001 13100-0000 0010001100 1000100101 00?1110100 ???0000001 220?0011?0 0100023100 022??00000 0?100????0 023?010?0? 01200?01?? ?0????0??? ??????0110 0000100110 0000000000 100200-000 0000202000 1000010011 ?1???????? ????0????? ??????100? 0?0?1????? ???0010??? ?101000??? ??????

Eosuchus 1101301100 110101?110 010000-000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0210310022 0110010000 0-11?00000 1001110100 0000000010 0000000110 0120001111 ?100021001 0001100000 0000002001 010110100? 1111100122 11000??{01}1- 01011?1101 110?020001 1210110010 0112000000 0000212001 13110-??00 0010001100 1000100101 00?1110100 ???1?00001 220?0?1100 0100023100 022?000000 01110???0? 0200020?0? 0110?????? ??1????112 ??????0110 0000100110 0000100000 100200-000 0000201000 10{01}0010011 1111111110 0????????? ???????0?? ?????????? ????????11 01?10001?? ??????

Tomistoma 1101301200 1101100110 010000-000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01011010 0210311021 0110010001 1011000000 1001010100 0000000010 0000000111 0121001111 1100121001 0001000100 0000001001 0101101001 1111100122 110001001- 0001111101 1100020101 1210110010 0110000000 0000212001 03100-0000 0010001100 1001110001 00011?0100 ??11100001 2201001100 1100123100 0211001000 0111100100 0230020201 0110000100 0010020112 1001000110 0000100110 0000000000 1102001000 0000212100 1000010011 1111101110 ??00000011 1111111001 0??1111110 110001011{12} 1111000110 110101

Crocodylus niloticus 1101201100 1101111110 0100001000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01012110 0210311021 0210010001 1111100000 1001010100 0000000012 0000010110 00{02}1001111 1101121001 0001000100 0001001001 0101121000 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1101020201 1210110010 0112000000 0000212001 13100-0000 0010001100 1001100001 0001110100 1111100001 2201001100 1100123100 0211001200 0111010111 0010012201 000-000101 0110020112 1001000110 0000000110 0000100000 1102102000 0001100100 1000000011 1111101110 1000000001 1211111001 0101111110 1100010120 1111000110 110101

Crocodylus porosus 1101301100 1101111110 0100001000 2210010-00 0000--00-- --01012110 0210311021 0??0010001 1111100000 1001010110 00000??012 0000010110 00{02}1001111 1101121001 0001000100 0001002001 0101121110 111110012? 110001000- 0001111101 1101020201 12101{01}0010 0112100000 0000212001 13100-0010 0010001100 1001100001 0001110100 1111100001 ??01001100 1100123100 0211001200 011101011? 0010012201 000-000101 0110020112 1001000110 0000000110 0000100000 1102102000 0001100100 1000000011 11??10?11? ??00000001 1211111001 0??1111110 1100010120 1111000110 110101

Osteolaemus 1101101100 1101111110 0100001000 2010011010 0000--00-- --?1012110 0210311000 02100?0001 1111000000 100?010110 0000000110 00000?0111 0101001111 11?0121001 0001000000 0000001001 0101121110 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1100020201 1210110010 0011000000 0100212000 03100-??10 101000?100 10011{01}0001 0001110100 ?111100001 2201001100 1100123100 0211001200 01110101?1 0000010201 ?00-000101 0110020112 0001000110 0000000110 0001100000 1102102000 0001100100 1000000011 1111101110 1000000001 1111111001 0101111110 1100010{12}21 1111000110 110101 179 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Voay 1101101100 1101111110 0100001000 2010?10-00 0000--00-- --?1012110 0210311000 0{12}100?0001 1111000000 1001010110 0001000112 00000?0110 01010011?? 11?0121001 00010000?0 0002001001 0101120--- 1111100122 11000??{01}0- 0001111101 1101020201 1210111010 0112000000 0100212001 03100-??11 101000?100 10011?0001 00?11?0100 ??11?00001 2201001100 1100123100 0211001200 01110100?1 000001020? ?00-000101 0110020112 0001000110 0000000110 0001100000 1102102000 0001100100 1000000011 1111?01110 ?00000??11 1111111001 0101111110 11000??{12}?? ?101000??? ??????

Brachychampsa 1101101?00 1101111110 0100001000 2200010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210021152 0210010001 2101000000 111?0100?? 0000010012 0000000110 012001???? ?100121001 0001000000 0000001001 0101101110 1111100122 11000??{01}0- 0?01111101 1100020?01 121001?000 010210001? ?000212001 03110-??01 0?1?001100 10011{01}?001 00?1110100 ??0?10?001 2201001110 0101123100 ?2{12}?001211 00110100?0 0000010201 ?00-?0?110 0?10020112 0001010110 000??00?10 0011?01000 1102102000 0001?00101 10000?001? ????0????? ??????00?? ???????0?? ??0??1???? ?????????1 112????1?0 ??????

Diplocynodon 1101101100 1101111110 0100001000 2010010-00 0000--00-- --01012110 0210011000 0110010001 2101000000 1001010100 0000000010 0000000110 01000011?? ?100120001 0011000000 0000001001 0101101110 1111100122 11000????- 0001111101 1100020001 121011?000 0112100000 0000212041 13110-??01 0110001100 1001100001 0001110100 ??01100001 22010?1110 0100123100 02{12}?001200 0111010010 0000010201 000-000110 0?10?20112 ?00?010110 0000000110 0000100000 1102102000 0010100101 100000001? ?????0???? ???????0?? ?02????0?? ??0??1???? ?????????? ???????1?1 ????0?

Alligator mississipiensis 1101101200 1101111110 0100001000 2010011010 0000--00-- --01001010 0210011000 0210010001 2101000000 1111010010 0000000010 0000000110 0100001111 1100121001 0001000000 0000001001 0101100--- 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1100020001 1210111000 0112100000 0000212031 03110-0001 0110001100 1001100001 0001110100 1101100001 2201001110 010{01}123100 0211001211 0111010010 0000010201 000-000110 0110020112 0001010110 0000000110 0011100000 1102102000 0001100101 1000000011 1111001110 1000000001 1111111001 0101111110 1100010111 1121000110 111001

Caiman crocodilus 1101101200 1101111110 0100001000 2010010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210012000 0210010001 2101000000 1000010111 000000010- 0001000110 0000001111 1100121001 0001000000 0000001001 010110{01}110 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1101020001 1210111000 0112100000 0000212030 03110-0001 01100011{01}0 1001100201 0001110100 1101100001 2201001110 0101123100 0211001211 01110111?0 0000010201 000-000111 1010020112 0001010110 0000000110 0011100000 1102102000 0001100101 1000000011 1111001110 1000001101 1111111001 0101111110 1100010210 1111000111 111001

Caiman latirostris 1101101200 1101111110 0100001000 2010010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210012000 0210010001 2101000000 1000010121 000000010- 0001000111 0000001111 1100121001 0001000000 0000001001 0101100--- 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1101020001 1210111000 0112100000 0000212030 03110-0001 0110001100 1001100201 0001110100 1101100001 2201001110 0101123100 0211001211 01110?1110 0000010201 000-000111 1010020112 0001010110 0000000110 0011100000 1102102000 0001100101 1000000011 1111001110 1000001?01 1111111001 0101111110 1100010210 1111000121 111001

Melanosuchus 1101101200 1101111110 0100001000 2010010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210012000 0210010001 2101000000 1000010121 000000010- 0001000111 00000011{01}1 1100121001 0001000000 0000001001 0101100--- 1111100122 110001000- 0001111101 1101020001 1210111000 1112100000 0000212030 03110-0011 0110001100 1001100201 0001110100 1101100001 2201001110 0101123100 0211001211 0111011110 0000010201 000-000111 180 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

1010020112 0001010110 0000000110 0011100000 1102102000 0001100101 1000000011 1111001110 1000001101 1111111001 0101111110 1100010210 1111000121 111001

Paleosuchus 1101101200 110111??10 0100001000 2010010-00 0000--00-- --01001010 0210011021 0210010001 2101000000 1001010100 00000002-- 000?000111 0100001111 1100010001 0001000000 0000001001 0101110--- 1111100122 1100010{01}{01}- 0001111?01 1101020001 1210111000 0112101000 0000212031 03110-0001 0110001100 1001100201 0001110100 1101100001 2201001110 0101123100 0???001211 0111?111?0 0????10?0? ?0?????111 2110020112 0001010110 0000000?10 0011100000 1102102?00 0?011??101 10?0000011 1111001110 1000001111 1101111001 0101111110 1100010?12 1111000111 111001

Terminals used in exploratory analysis Denazinosuchus 1???101?00 10???????0 ???10????0 20???10-00 ?000--00-- --1101211? ??1?{34}????? ?1100?00?1 1??1?????? 1001010110 ?000??200- 300?0?01?1 10??01???? ?111021101 010100???0 1?00??1000 0????????? 1????????? 1??????{01}?? ?????????? ?????2???? 1????????0 01??????00 ????{12}????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????1?0 00???00?10 0??????00? ?1-2?0???? ???????1?0 ?0????0??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(FRAG) Goniopholis phuwiangensis ????{01}????0 10???????? ?1????0??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? 1????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????0 0?????1?00 0????????? 0110010??? ?110?????? ?????????? ?????????? 0????????? ?????????? ??-????000 001020110? 1?0??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????

(ALT) Siamosuchus (S. pupokensis + Goniopholis phuwiangensis) 1{12}?1101?10 10011???10 ?1??0?0010 200?010-00 ?00------?1?12110 02103????? 02100100?1 1101??001? 100101?110 0100?{01}{01}0?? {03}?0??001?? 0??000???? ?1110???0? 0??10000?0 1?00?0???1 ?0???????? 11??1????? 1????????? ?0011????? 10??0????1 121??????? 01???????? ????{12}0???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????00?01 00?11??0?? ?????000?? 220?0011?0 ?????2?0?0 0?????1?00 0????????? 0110010??? ?110?????? ?????????? ???????1?0 0010200110 0?11{01}00000 2112?02000 0010201100 1000??0??0 1011??1110 0????0???? 1??111?00? ?10?1????? ???0???2?? 0??01011?? ?1????

181 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.2.5. PAUP commands

Command lines used for main phylogenetic analysis using PAUP 4beta10, allowing reproduction of the results presented in this work. All commands based on Swofford (2002).

Settings

Log file=CrocAnalysis.log start;

Pset collapse=minbrlen opt=minf mstaxa=variable;

Analysis ctype ord: 6 7 31 72 73 145 152 157 206 208 212 235 261 286 291 292; [skull] ctype ord: 322 336 359 360 414; [mandible / dentition] ctype ord: 448 452 453; [postcranium] hsearch addseq=random nreps=1000; describetree 1 /tcompress=yes; describetree 1 /apolist=yes; describetree 1 /chglist=yes; outgroup Gracilisuchus/only; roottrees outroot = paraphyl; savetrees file= CrocAnalysis.tre from=1 to=2; contree /treefile= CrocConStr.tre;

Branch support

Log file=CrocBoot.log start; bootstrap nreps=1000 treefile=CrocBoot.tre search=faststep;

Log file=CrocJack.log start; jackknife nreps=1000 treefile=CrocJack.tre search=faststep;

182 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.3. RESULTS

S1.3.1. Strict consensus from core analysis

Length = 2186; CI = 0.2955; HI = 0.7045; CI excluding uninformative characters = 0.2903; HI excluding uninformative characters = 0.7097; RI = 0.7626; RC = 0.2254.

(continue)

183 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(Neosuchia in detail)

(continue)

184 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

(Eusuchia in detail)

185 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.3.2. Apomorphy list and nodal support

Apomorphy list and nodal support (bremer/bootstrap/jackknife) for key clades of stem

Mesoeucrocodylia, extracted from the topology in item 1.6 (full apomorphy/character report in

Supplementary Data File 2). Double arrows (‘=>’) = unambiguous transformations; simple arrows

(‘->’) = ambiguous transformations; * = clades with limited representation, considered the current known diversity. Bootstrap/jackknife frequencies shown for values above 50% (otherwise = ‘--‘), and expressed in percentage.

Mesoeucrocodylia (5.57/85/87): 1 (0=>1); 52 (0->1); 54 (0=>1); 129 (1=>0); 132 (0->1); 157 (0=>1); 165 (0=>1); 182 (0=>1); 188 (2->1); 193 (1=>0); 195 (0->1); 206 (0=>2); 210 (0->1); 211 (0->1); 212 (0->1); 221 (1=>0); 274 (0=>1); 281 (0->1); 306 (0=>2); 312 (2->0); 313 (1=>0); 322 (0->1); 331 (1->0); 354 (1->0); 358 (0=>1); 441 (0->1); 455 (0->1); 459 (0->1); 462 (0->1); 477 (1=>0)

Metasuchia + Hsisosuchidae (6.33/--/--): 7 (0->1); 94 (0->1); 133 (1=>0); 174 (0->1); 175 (0=>1); 194 (0=>1); 253 (0=>1); 258 (0=>1); 286 (2=>1); 292 (0=>2); 297 (0=>1); 342 (0=>1); 343 (0=>1)

Hsisosuchidae (1.67/87/90): 55 (0=>1); 75 (0=>2); 79 (0->1); 86 (0=>1); 88 (0=>1); 109 (1=>0); 122 (1->2); 145 (0->1); 160 (1->2); 200 (1->0); 206 (2->1); 262 (0=>1); 271 (0=>1); 338 (2=>0); 371 (0=>1); 379 (1->0); 394 (2=>0)

Metasuchia (1.67/--/--): 6 (1->0); 45 (1->0); 59 (0=>1); 66 (0->1); 80 (2=>1); 81 (0->1); 162 (0=>1); 166 (1=>0); 192 (1=>0); 203 (1=>0); 212 (1=>2); 213 (0=>1); 235 (0=>1); 237 (0=>2); 242 (0=>1); 295 (1=>0); 307 (0=>3); 312 (0->2); 350 (1=>0); 359 (0->1); 385 (0->1); 440 (0=>1)

Notosuchia sensu Sereno et al. 2001 (2/--/--): 40 (0=>2); 84 (1->0); 98 (1=>0); 122 (1->0); 123 (0=>1); 179 (0->1); 229 (0->1); 315 (0=>3); 316 (0=>1); 318 (0=>1); 341 (0=>1); 348 (0=>1); 463 (0->1)

“Mahajangasuchidae” (2/72/68): [Obs. An expanded version of the family Mahajangasuchidae is here used to refer to the clade containing Mahajangasuchus + Kaprosuchus + Anatosuchus] 7 (1=>2); 16 (1=>0); 46 (0=>1); 93 (0=>1); 235 (1=>2); 245 (0=>1); 262 (0=>1); 319 (0=>1); 320 (0=>1); 322 (1=>0); 331 (0=>1); 343 (1=>0); 353 (0->1); 390 (0=>1)

Ziphosuchia sensu Ortega et al. 2000 (2/--/--): 1 (1=>0); 6 (0->1); 12 (1=>2); 38 (0->1); 52 (1->0); 81 (1->0); 133 (0=>1); 237 (2=>1); 256 (0- >1); 313 (0=>1); 347 (0->1)

186 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Sebecia (including SMNS 81977; 2/--/--): 317 (0=>1); 323 (0=>1); 324 (1->2); 332 (0->1); 333 (0=>1); 360 (0=>2); 362 (1=>0); 404 (0=>1)

“Derived” Sebecia (excluding SMNS 81977; 1.63/--/--): 24 (1->0); 57 (1->2); 58 (0->2); 60 (0->1); 69 (4->5); 107 (0->1); 110 (0->2); 148 (0->1); 264 (0- >1); 330 (0=>1); 346 (0->1); 363 (2->1); 379 (1=>0); 393 (0->1); 409 (0->1)

Peirosauridae* (1.4/72/67): 61 (0=>1); 93 (0=>1); 94 (1->0); 123 (1->2); 196 (0->1); 292 (2->1); 335 (0->1); 336 (2->1); 339 (0->1); 382 (0->1); 389 (0=>1); 392 (1->2)

Notosuchia sensu Gasparini, 1971 (1/--/--): 56 (1->0); 62 (2=>1); 94 (1->0); 292 (2->1); 293 (0->1); 314 (1->0); 335 (0->1); 353 (0->1); 356 (2=>1); 359 (1->0); 382 (0->1); 396 (0=>1)

Araripesuchidae (including the ‘Crato Form’; 1/--/--): 16 (1=>0); 17 (1->0); 74 (1=>0); 109 (1=>0); 111 (0=>3); 391 (1->0)

Araripesuchidae (excluding the ‘Crato Form’; 6/70/68): 56 (0=>1); 57 (1=>0); 118 (1=>0); 128 (0->1); 133 (1=>0); 134 (1=>0); 136 (1=>0); 164 (1->0); 188 (1->0); 190 (2->0); 202 (0->1); 204 (0->1); 341 (1->0); 360 (0=>1); 459 (1->0); 460 (0=>1); 462 (1->0)

Uruguaysuchidae (2/57/54): 7 (1=>2); 9 (0=>1); 37 (2=>0); 95 (0=>1); 372 (0->1)

“Derived” Notosuchia (5/--/--): [Obs. Derived notosuchia are here considered Notosuchidae + Sphagesauridae + + Adamantinasuchus + Comahuesuchus + Yacarerani] 2 (0=>4); 10 (0->1); 11 (1->0); 43 (1=>0); 44 (1=>0); 75 (0->1); 215 (0=>1); 222 (1=>0); 239 (0=>1); 240 (2->1); 256 (1->0); 259 (0=>1); 260 (0=>1); 315 (3->0); 340 (1=>0); 382 (1=>0); 385 (1->2); 393 (2=>0); 394 (2->0); 424 (1->0); 428 (1->0); 432 (0->1); 450 (1->2); 455 (1->0)

Baurusuchidae (2/98/99): 5 (0=>2); 6 (1=>2); 8 (1=>0); 20 (0=>1); 38 (1->0); 56 (0=>1); 57 (1=>2); 58 (0=>2); 62 (1->2); 96 (1=>0); 102 (0->1); 106 (0=>1); 107 (0=>2); 110 (0->2); 111 (0=>4); 120 (1=>0); 145 (0->1); 148 (0=>1); 151 (0=>1); 157 (1=>0); 173 (0=>1); 175 (0->1); 182 (0=>1); 183 (0=>2); 191 (0=>1); 203 (0=>1); 228 (0->2); 231 (0=>1); 254 (0=>1); 255 (0=>1); 261 (1=>2); 264 (0=>1); 291 (1=>0); 314 (0->1); 317 (0=>1); 318 (1->0); 336 (2=>1); 349 (0=>1); 356 (0=>2); 378 (0=>1); 379 (1=>0); 396 (1->0); 409 (0=>1); 410 (2=>0)

Notosuchidae (5/87/83): 1 (0=>1); 71 (0->1); 102 (0->1); 137 (0->1); 158 (0->1); 179 (0=>1); 188 (1=>0); 189 (1=>0); 205 (0=>1); 254 (0=>1); 295 (0=>1); 349 (0->2); 423 (1->0); 427 (1->0); 429 (1->0); 431 (0->1)

Sphagesauridae (5/77/72): 123 (1=>0); 137 (0->1); 374 (0=>1); 376 (0=>1); 380 (0->1); 400 (0=>1); 412 (0=>1)

Adamantinasuchus + Yacarerani (5/63/57): 91 (1=>0); 174 (1=>0); 178 (1=>0); 348 (1=>0)

187 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Neosuchia (1.83/--/--): 2 (0=>2); 4 (0=>1); 22 (0=>1); 31 (0=>1); 53 (2->0); 57 (1=>2); 74 (1=>0); 134 (1=>0); 137 (0- >1); 186 (2=>1); 241 (1=>0); 291 (1=>2); 296 (1=>0); 317 (0=>1); 323 (0=>1); 336 (2=>1); 360 (0=>1); 362 (1->0); 363 (2->0); 448 (1->0); 449 (1=>0); 454 (0->1)

Atoposauridae* (6/96/96): 5 (1->0); 52 (1->0); 53 (0->1); 58 (0=>1); 82 (0->1); 94 (1->0); 102 (0=>1); 103 (0=>1); 135 (0- >1); 155 (0=>1); 174 (1->0); 175 (1=>0); 181 (1=>0); 182 (1=>0); 202 (0->1); 318 (0=>2); 393 (0=>2)

((Thalattosuchia + ) + Goniopholididae)) + Stolokrosuchus (1.83/--/--): 3 (0=>1); 5 (1->3); 46 (0->1); 69 (4=>1); 72 (2=>1); 80 (1=>0); 216 (0=>1); 217 (1->2); 224 (0- >1); 309 (0=>1); 368 (0=>1)

(Thalattosuchia + Tethysuchia) + Goniopholididae (1.83/--/--): 37 (2=>0); 45 (0->1); 50 (0=>1); 65 (0=>3); 110 (0->2); 133 (0=>1); 151 (0=>1); 333 (0->1); 369 (0->1); 375 (0->2); 383 (1->0); 403 (0->1); 405 (1->2); 416 (0->1); 477 (0->1); 481 (1->0)

Thalattosuchia + Tethysuchia (1.83/--/--): 4 (1=>0); 5 (3->2); 8 (1=>2); 70 (2=>0); 81 (1=>0); 106 (0=>2); 107 (0=>2); 192 (0=>1); 195 (1=>0); 240 (2=>1); 277 (0->1); 282 (1=>0); 332 (0=>2); 338 (2->0); 343 (1=>2); 384 (1->0); 392 (1=>0)

Thalattosuchia (1.83/--/--): 6 (0->1); 12 (1=>0); 13 (0=>1); 15 (1=>0); 51 (0->1); 72 (1=>0); 73 (1=>0); 74 (0=>1); 79 (0->1); 118 (1=>0); 122 (1=>2); 123 (0=>2); 134 (0=>1); 145 (0->1); 150 (0=>1); 165 (1=>0); 166 (0=>2); 173 (1=>0); 179 (2=>0); 186 (1=>0); 193 (0=>1); 196 (1->0); 199 (0=>1); 200 (1=>2); 201 (1=>0); 207 (0=>1); 216 (1=>0); 235 (1->2); 244 (1=>0); 261 (1=>0); 265 (1=>0); 269 (0=>1); 286 (0=>2); 288 (0=>1); 292 (2=>0); 297 (1=>0); 298 (1=>0); 307 (3=>1); 309 (1=>0); 314 (1=>0); 346 (0->1); 360 (1->2); 364 (0=>1); 433 (0=>1); 441 (1=>0); 446 (1=>0); 453 (0=>1); 454 (1=>0); 462 (1=>0); 464 (0=>1); 472 (0->1)

Tethysuchia (3/--/--): 2 (2->0); 43 (1=>0); 44 (1=>0); 57 (2=>1); 64 (0=>1); 68 (1=>0); 130 (1->0); 142 (0=>1); 148 (0=>1); 152 (0=>1); 194 (1=>0); 353 (0=>1); 469 (0->1)

Dyrosauridae + Pholidosaurus (1/--/--): 31 (1->2); 145 (0->1); 167 (0=>1); 180 (1=>2); 360 (1->2); 363 (0->1); 407 (0=>2); 421 (0=>1)

Dyrosauridae (5.33/92/90): 2 (0->3); 6 (0->1); 23 (1->0); 24 (1->0); 77 (0=>1); 83 (0=>1); 153 (0->1); 157 (1->2); 182 (1=>0); 235 (1->2); 242 (1=>2); 266 (0=>2); 267 (0=>1); 272 (0=>1); 279 (0=>1); 280 (0=>1); 287 (0=>1); 288 (0=>1); 357 (0=>1); 359 (1=>2); 361 (0=>1); 364 (0=>1); 365 (0=>1); 385 (1->0); 403 (1=>0); 406 (0=>1); 413 (0=>1); 435 (0->1); 463 (0->1); 472 (0->1); 473 (0->1)

Elosuchidae (including Sarcosuchus; 1/--/--): 109 (1->0); 115 (0=>1); 124 (0->1); 135 (0=>1); 153 (0->1); 157 (1->2); 178 (0->1); 348 (0=>1); 373 (0->1); 391 (1=>2); 408 (1=>0)

188 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Elosuchus + Vectisuchus (2/69/68): 3 (1=>0); 6 (0->1); 53 (0=>1); 111 (0->2); 158 (0=>1); 235 (1->2); 242 (1=>2); 313 (0=>2)

Goniopholididae (3/--/--): 26 (0=>1); 79 (0->1); 86 (0=>1); 89 (0=>1); 122 (1=>0); 202 (0->1); 223 (1=>0)

Sunosuchus + Eutretauranosuchus (1/--/--): 110 (2->1); 205 (0->2); 313 (0=>1); 332 (0=>1)

Sunosuchus miaoi + S. thailandicus (3.25/--/--): 315 (0=>4); 316 (0=>1); 346 (0->1)

“Derived” Goniopholididae (3.2/64/58): [Obs. Derived goniopholidids are here considered Siamosuchus + Amphicotylus + all European goniopholidids] 29 (0=>1); 58 (0=>1); 82 (0=>1); 99 (0=>1); 134 (0=>1); 277 (0->1); 373 (0=>1); 384 (1->0); 391 (1=>2); 393 (0=>1); 397 (1=>2)

European Goniopholididae (1/--/--): 34 (0->1); 122 (0=>2); 126 (0->1); 136 (1=>2); 142 (0->1); 167 (0->1); 187 (0->1)

Goniopholis sensu strictu + (Hulke + Dollo + Hooley forms) (2/--/--): 90 (0=>1); 111 (0=>1); 160 (1->0); 180 (1=>2); 225 (0->1); 312 (2->0); 402 (0->1); 478 (1->0)

Goniopholis sensu strictu (2/80/74): [Obs. Goniopholis sensu strictu here includes data only from G. baryglyphaeus, G. kiplingi, and G. simus] 107 (0->1); 137 (1=>0); 141 (0=>1); 161 (0->1); 348 (0=>1); 398 (0->1)

Goniopholis simus + Goniopholis kiplingi (3/93/86): 32 (0->1); 69 (1->3); 106 (0->1); 120 (1=>2); 123 (0->1); 139 (0=>1); 238 (0=>1)

Hulke + Dollo + Hooley forms (5/67/61): 99 (1=>0); 101 (1=>0); 106 (0->1); 107 (0->2); 115 (0=>1); 173 (1=>0); 178 (1=>0); 194 (1->0); 215 (0->1); 223 (0=>1)

Dollo + Hooley forms (9/97/97): 111 (1=>3); 126 (1=>2); 152 (1=>2); 153 (0=>1); 157 (1=>2); 175 (1=>0); 187 (1=>2); 188 (1=>2); 195 (1=>0); 230 (0=>1); 398 (0->2); 405 (2->0)

Eusuchia (including Susisuchidae; 3/--/--): 57 (2=>1); 68 (1->0); 136 (1=>2); 240 (2->1); 242 (2=>3); 303 (1->0); 338 (0->2); 420 (0=>1); 471 (0=>1); 472 (0=>1); 475 (1=>0)

Susisuchidae (including Isisfordia; 3/67/59): 32 (0=>2); 56 (1->0); 80 (1=>0); 81 (1->2); 137 (1=>0); 392 (1=>0)

Eusuchia (excluding Susisuchidae; 3/--/--): 5 (2->1); 202 (0->1); 233 (1=>0); 234 (1->0); 236 (0=>1); 243 (0=>1); 244 (1=>0); 252 (1=>0); 285 (0->1); 368 (0=>1); 369 (0=>1); 383 (1=>0); 384 (1=>0); 419 (0=>1)

189 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

Hylaeochampsidae + Allodaposuchus (3/51/--): 56 (1->0); 81 (1->2); 123 (0->2); 223 (1=>0); 224 (2=>0); 277 (0=>1); 307 (3=>0); 395 (0->1)

Hylaeochampsidae (4/94/92): 92 (0=>1); 93 (0=>1); 94 (1=>0); 98 (1=>0); 136 (2=>0); 137 (1=>0); 182 (1=>0); 191 (0=>1); 192 (0=>1); 207 (0=>1); 393 (0->2); 397 (2=>3)

Crown Crocodylia* (2/--/--): 23 (1->0); 24 (1=>0); 33 (0=>1); 119 (0=>1); 129 (0=>1); 188 (1->0); 216 (0->1); 278 (0=>1); 302 (0=>1); 308 (0=>1); 312 (0->2); 313 (0->1); 348 (0->1); 353 (0=>1); 360 (1->2); 364 (0->1); 421 (0->1); 457 (0->1); 468 (2->1); 470 (2->1); 474 (0->1)

190 The Supporting Information File S1 is part of Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 162(4).

S1.4. ADITIONAL REFERENCES

Aguilera E, Salas H, Peña E. 1989. La Formación Cajones: Cretácico terminal del subandino

central de Bolivia. Revista Técnica YPFB, 10:131–148.

Andrade MB. 2005. Revisão sistemática e taxonômica dos Notosuchia (Metasuchia,

Crocodylomorpha). Unpublished MSc Thesis. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro,

239pp.

Andrade MB. 2009. Solving a century-old mystery: the structure and function of the maxillary

depressions of Goniopholis (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia). Journal of Vertebrate

Paleontology, 29(3):54A–55A.

Andrade MB. 2010. The evolution of Gondwanan Mesoeucrocodylia (Crurotarsi,

Crocodylomorpha) from Jurassic to Cretaceous. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of

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