How Can Communal Food Growing Increase Social Cohesion and Help to Reimagine the Image of Nodes ‘Suburbia’ ? Sub-Questions
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IMAGEABILITY and FOODSCAPES How can Communal food growing increase social cohesion and help to reimagine the image of Nodes ‘Suburbia’ ? Sub-questions - 1) Can foodscaping help in place-making and thus changing the identity of suburbia ? answered with the neighbourhood and urban strategy. Edges Paths 2) How does foodscaping help in bringing people together ? will be answered with findings from 2nd literature and tested at the architectural scale. Hierarchy of spaces ELEMENTS THAT MAKE UP THE IMAGE OF A CITY Redefining (Lynch 1960) Urban form House and Boundaries and the street betweenprivate thepublic imageability (third place) private and public boundaries Landmarks Districts UNDERSTANDING THE SUBURBAN IMAGE USING THE FOOD TRANSECT Retail character Housing character T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 USING THE HOUSING TRANSECT MENTAL IMAGE- COLLECTIVE IDENTITY Peri-urban Frequency Path Edge Node District Landmark Rural Boundaries over 75% Pentrebane 50-75% 25-50% Farm 12-25% Woodlands, Wetlands and Suburban Ponds Fairwater Farming land Suburban Communities on the St. Fagans Boundaries PLASDWR SITE Cardiff city showing the site location PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES Children PRELIMINARY PROPOSAL Primary School learn My child is learning about foodscaping Farmhouse Produce Housing clusters storage Community center Barn Kitchen Garden indoor farm Selling New residents Green Wall Integrated Farmshop Greenhouse A house with a backyard Cafe garden and an indoor garden Rooftop Grain crops Garden Wall planters I can see my child play in the coutyard garden Grain crops Housing clusters Tenant farmer Elderly Site strategy diagram showing the food cycle A House with a common I can work on the farm garden and a coomon and make a living out of it kichen ILLUSTRATIVE CO-HOUSING ELEVATION Not to Scale 1ST LITERATURE ROLE OF THE URBAN FORM FOR COMPACT Area in open development NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT SUSTAINABLE URBAN FRINGE DEVELOP- preferably 160 acres URBAN VOIDS in any case it should house (Perry 1929) LOW DENSITY AGRARIAN MENT? enough people to require URBAN FORM ( Transick 1986) one elementary school Radius - 1/4 mile COMMUNAL LIVING THROUGH EDGELESS CITY ( Kotharkar et.al 2014) (Lang 2003) COMPACT CITY (Jacobs 1961) shopping districts in pe- URBAN FOODSCAPING ? riphery at traffic junctions LOST SPACE SUBURBANIZATION and prefereably bunched in ( Transick 1986) (McGranahan and Satterthwaite 2014, United form Nations 2018, Piorr et.al. 2011) SOCIAL COHESION URBAN SPATIAL DESIGN (CoE 2008) 10% of area to PERIMETER HOUSING URBAN EXPANSION PATTERNS recreation and ( Kotharkar et.al 2014, Lang 2003) park space interior streets not wider (Bentley et al. 1985) than req. for specific use and giving easy access to BEHAVIOUR RURAL URBAN FRINGE shops and community to CO-HOUSING (Lewin 1936) center civic COMMUNAL LIVING URBAN-RURAL FRINGE center arterial street ( Vestbro, 2010) DEVELOPMENT EXTENSIVE GREEN BELT (Perry, C 1929) GARDEN CITY CONTINUOUS PRODUCTIVE The neighbourhood unit (Howard 1902) LANDSCAPE (Viljoen, et.al 2005) AGRICULTURE ON THE PERIPHERY MICRO-URBANISM ( Garden cities, Howard 1902) ( Lovra, 2019) Garden suburbs built on the SELF-SUFFICIENT gardens Garden city concept URBAN AGRICULTURE ARCHITECTURE FOR HOUSING SOCIAL INTERACTION? THE ROLE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN URBAN FRINGE DEVELOPMENT? civic institutions six equal wards Farmlands GREEN WALLS ECOVILLAGE Became a distinct character in KITCHEN GARDENS THE AESTHETICS OF FOOD British housing INDOOR/ VERTICAL GROWING ALONGSIDE URBAN FARMING LANDSCAPING? ROOFTOP FARMS VEGAN LIVING ORGANIC FARMING Garden Suburbs HYDROPONICS PERMACULTURE (Mollison, B) URBAN AGRICULTURE ARCHITECTURE Edge cities + Settlement expansion Urban sprawl urban erosion - Local businesses + Community National Mega- corpora- forests Flea markets tions open spaces + CSA’S Associations Recycling shopping theme - Sub-urban centers farmers parks Urban Land trusts markets malls Group- Walmart cruise ships - Parks Local corporate owned fig. 2.7 Introducing productive fig. 2.8 Feeding the city with retailers super jobs - spaces in the productive land markets continuous landscapes continuous landscapes Jointly house TV + edge owned sitting Barter Guerilla + cities property gifts Squatting gardening Patio Family and Walking Undefined friends Remote Isolated, sprawling form of flats Cycling Perimeter housing development in developed countries Storage Public comes from compact cities model lockers Transport Personal Zones Auto fig. 2.5 high density city fabric fig. 2.6 Identifying the continuous Plane landscapes F.g. 2.7 CPULs (Continuous Productive Urban Polycentric cities Landscapes) reproduced with reference (Viljoen et.al. 2005) fig. 2.9. Permaculture Zones (as defined by Anderson 2006) Urban agriculture is in itself a farming activity whereas food- Spatial configuration of foodscapes scaping is derived from ‘landscaping’; thus assuming that it Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 should predominantly be the design of land in context with Foodscapes are food production in direct food growing. surroundings of people thus affecting and the three typologies show different uses of the spaces Types of Urban agriculture as recognised by Steel (2009) available. connectng to people ( Bosschaart, 2015, Typology 1 : fully private space p22). Backyard gardens Typology 2 : fully private, fully public and shared private. 1. Survival 2. Lifestyle meet basic food needs in areas urban agriculture for a sustainable Typology 3 only offers 2: fully public and fully private. with food shortages lifestyle Greenhouses (Sonne, W 2009) Progress in Planning satellite cities/edge cities distributed 3. World- Market 4. Community The three typologies of perimeter block - Urban food production for social aspects of urban throughout the urban area markets agriculture of Walter Gropius1929 Allotments Community gardens Guerilla farming alternating housing and green space Livestock farms Vertical farming Urban farmshops Commercial/ mixed use micro-urban housing Rooftop farming Gardens Gardens fig. 2.11. Types of foodscapes food dependant on the community gives urban foodscapes a local character( Bosschaart, 2015) Gardens Gardens 1ST LITERATURE FINDINGS SUMMARY Gardens Summary Embeded CPULs feding the perimeter housing neighbourhood - Imageability of a foodscape is the perception of that landscape and the measure of the interactions of nature and human factors. self-sufficient housing - The image of the city is the sum of the social interactions and the environment therefore perceived as the behaviour of that place. - Social cohesion contributes to the sense of place and evokes an inviting image thus giving it a cohesive character. - The housing typologies that these models produce, have an indirect effect on the behaviour of that place and a direct relation to the imageability. applying permaculture prin- ciples to urban planning -The interactions between the building and its environment contribute towards developing the socio-spatial character of the place green belt on the periphery - Micro-urbanism is a way to exploring the possibilities of boundaries between public and private space by redefining the threshold conditions at a finer grain and enhance interactions between residents fig. 2.10. Concept for a new paradigm (Using the findings from 1st literature) - the green belt agriculture on the periphery and embeded CPULs can create a way for the city to grow with the foodscape giving way for self-sufficient housing - Communal living could provide the necessary platform where the boundaries between the urban form and the building create these opportune spaces to harmoniously maneuver the hierarchy of the private - semi-public - communal spaces. RESEARCH QUESTION Conceptual ideas on wider context - to identify Role of communal growing for social cohesion to reimagine the the research gap SUBURBAN ‘Image of Suburbia’ Growth of the city RESEARCH GAP PLACEMAKING suburban recreation villages URBAN SPRAWL PUBLIC SPACES URBANISATION green belt VS COMPACT CITY socio-economic identity CULTURAL URBAN FORM social aspect LANDSCAPE suburban recreation villages IMAGEABILITY URBAN FOODSCAPING local produce SOCIAL AGRICULTURE COHESION each specialising in culture/ ARCHITECTURE FOR different foods sense of place SUB-URBANISATION SOCIAL COHESION EATING TOGETHER place-making image of suburbia CO-HOUSING ECONOMY RESEARCH GAP COMMUNAL LIVING Fig. 3.1 wider context- city wide Fig 3.2 Suburbia Fig 3.3 Research gap - food network development urban to architectural scale COMMUNAL CO-HOUSING COMMUNAL FOODSCAPING TESTING THE CONCEPT AT DE- LIVING GROWING SIGN STRATEGY LEVEL Finding the Research Gap AN OVERVIEW OF THE URBAN STRATEGY Suburban Continuous productive urban land- Urban scapes conected through the city Green belt and the the eco-villages Micro-urbanism Government Proposed - Suburban housing sites Urban form and the relationship of the CPULs imageability of the imageability neighbourhood to the house maintaining the ecological balance suburban urban plasdwr House and Food network the street (third place) foodscaping as leisure Imageability boundaries semi-private private public Community buiding foodscaping enhancing semi-public through food growing the landscape 2ND LITERATURE Place-making high level of passive Trees CPULs surveillance DISCUSSION (Viljoen 2005) Defining edges with the plant ma- Kitchen Gardens Food networking Private face terial therefore brings out more (rear gardens) possibilities for a porous enclosure Transitional spaces and a legibility that can bring out Roof gardens