Ahnentafel of Géraud d'Auvergne

--- 1st Generation ---

1. Géraud1 d'Auvergne (Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Géraud, Count d'Aurillac. Born: in 855 at France, son of Gérard II d'Auvergne and N? N? (Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 13 Oct 909 (Ibid.). AKA: Gérard.

--- 2nd Generation ---

2. Gérard II2 d'Auvergne (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.). AKA: Gérard II, Comte du Limousin. Born: before 841 at France, son of Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne and Hildegarde=Mathilde de France. Married in 854: N? N? Died: circa 879.

3. N?2 N? Married in 854: Gérard II d'Auvergne,, son of Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne and Hildegarde=Mathilde de France. Married Name: d'Auvergne.

--- 3rd Generation ---

4. Gérard I, Count3 d'Auvergne (Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), Page 118, Line 163-39.) (Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish kingdom under the Carolingians: 751-987 (Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, (c) 1983).) (Paul Theroff, posts, 07 June 1995 at 14:11 Hours.) (P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981), Page 442.). AKA: Gérard, Comte de Poitiers (Abbott, Pages 303, 402.). Born: before 795 at France, son of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel, Gérard is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Ranulf I was born. Abbott indicates that Gérard was the brother of Guillaume - so then he would be the son of Thierry. Married before 809 at France: Hildegarde=Mathilde de France,, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Note - between 0839 and 0841 at Auvergne, France: Gérard was Comte d'Auvergne 849-851 (Abbott, Page 442.). Died: on 25 Jun 841 at Fontenoy, Tournai, Belgium, Gérard was slain in battle.

5. Hildegarde=Mathilde3 de France (Stuart, Page 246, Line 352-40.) (André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls.) (Paul Augé, Nouveau Larousse Universel (13 à 21 Rue Montparnasse et Boulevard Raspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).). Married Name: d'Auvergne. Born: in 803, daughter of Louis I, King de France and Ermengarde d'Esbay. Married before 809 at France: Gérard I, Count d'Auvergne,, son of Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse and Aldane=Audé Martel. Died: in 841.

--- 4th Generation ---

8. Théodoric=Thiérri, Count4 de Toulouse (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-41.) (K.S.B. Keats-Rohan (Ed.), Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century , ISBN: 0-85115-625-8, (Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, Inc., 1997), Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). AKA: Thiérri, Judiarch de Septimanie. AKA: Théodéricus, Judiarch de Narbonne. AKA: Makir, Duke de Toulouse. Note -: Toulouse was a principal city of the Visigoths. Simon de Montfort was killed here during the siege in the war with the Albigeois in 1218. In 1632, Richelieu had the Duke of Montmorency beheaded there. AKA: Théodoen, Comte d'Autun (Ibid.). Born: circa 745 at Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Languedoc, France, son of N?, Comte de Toulouse and N? N? (Ibid.). Married before 764: Aldane=Audé Martel,, daughter of Charles Martel and Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie. Died: circa 804 Théodoric was alive in 793.

9. Aldane=Audé4 Martel (André Roux: Scrolls, 156.) (Stuart, Page 234, Line 329-41.). Married Name: de Toulouse. Born: before 725, daughter of Charles Martel and Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie. Married before 764: Théodoric=Thiérri, Count de Toulouse,, son of N?, Comte de Toulouse and N? N?

10. Louis I, King4 de France (Rosamond, Page 106, 116.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-40.) (André Castelot, Alain Decaux, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron, Histoire de La France et des Français au Jour le Jour (Librairie Académique Perrin, 1976), Tome 1, Page 369.). Also Known As: Louis "Le Pieux." Also Known As: Louis "Le Débonnaire." Born: in Aug 778 at Chasseneuil, Lot-en-Garonne, Aquitaine, France, son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau. Note - between 0781 and 0800: In 781, at age 2, Louis I, "Le Pieux", was crowned and anointed King of Aquitaine by Pope Hadrian I, at the same time as his older brother Pépin was made King of Italy. Louis, whose twin brother had died at birth, was the third of Charlemagne's sons by his wife Hildegard. The Diviso Regni of 806 indicates that Louis was to have Aquitaine as an independent Kingdom upon his father's death. Aquitaine was in effect a March; for much of Louis' reign as sub-king he and his officials were occupied in quelling Gascon revolts and launching offensives into Spain. Unrest had never completely died out in the Pyrenées since the annexation of Aquitaine in 768, and more especially after the disastrous ambush of the Frankish vanguard in Roncesvalles in 778. In about 788, Chorso, Duke of Toulouse was captured by a Gascon named Adélric, and then released after being forced to swear an oath of allegiance to the Gascon or Basque leader. In 793, the Sarracens invaded Septimania, burned the suburbs of Narbonne and marched on Carcassonne, but in 795 Bahlul-ben- Machluc sued with Louis for peace. In 800, he successfully laid siege to Barcelona and subsequently captured Tortosa, Huesca and Pamplona and formed links with the Kingdom of the Asturias. Baptized: on 15 Apr 781 (On 15 April 781, Louis was baptized by Pope Hadrian I in Rome. The next day, Easter Sunday, he was confirmed in his title of King of Aquitaine). Married in 794: Ermengarde d'Esbay,, daughter of Enguéran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay and N? N? Note - between 0800 and 0837: Louis I established monasteries in Nouaillé (a cell of St. Hilaire of Poitiers), Gellone and St. Martin-de-Tours. After the death of his brothers Pépin and Charles in 810 and 811 respectively, Louis was crowned at Aachen on 13 September 813, Emperor and heir to all of Charlemagne's lands, by Charlemagne himself without any assistance nor even the presence of the Pope. All sources, Frankish as well as papal, refer to Louis as emperor from then on. Charlemagne died 5 months later. All of Louis' sisters were required to quit the palace and retire to their own estates. His cousins, the offsprings of Bernard (Pépin III's half brother) were exhiled: Louis forced Count Wala to become a monk at Corbie; Adalhard was exhiled to Noirmoutier to be held there in custody by the Abbot; Bernhard returned to Lérin and Gundrada had to retreat to St. Radegund's convent of Sainte Croix in Poitiers. Only Theodrada was left unmolested as abbess of Notre Dame at Soissons. Louis I was also known as Louis, "Le Pieux". On 27 February 814, upon learning of the death of his father, and at the age of 36 years, he left Doué-la-Fontaine, in Anjou, to go to Aix-la-Chapelle. This new emperor, enterred this capital, and poised himself in front of the tomb of Charlemagne. So oversome with grief, his forehead touched the stone floor of the church. Hence the name "Le Pieux". Since he was kind, relative to his times, he was also known as "Le Débonnaire". For himself, he preferred to adopt the title "by divine Providence, Emperor Augustus". When Pope Leo died in May of 816, Stephen IV was elected Pope, and crowned Louis the Emperor on Sunday 5 October by placing a crown on his head during at Rheims. He also secured the release of some Roman exhiles in Francia. This crowning was among the first attempts to integrate the Papacy into the institutional framework of the Empire. Louis, 'lest he be led astray in satisfying the natural desires of the body' married Ermengarde, daughter of Count Ingramn. Charlemagne established Doué-la-Fontaine, Chasseneuil (Louis' birthplace), Angéac and Ébreuil as royal residences to maintain Louis and his household. At an assembly in Aachen in July 817, Louis made provisions for his sons' inheritance through the "Ordinatio Imperii". In his he states that the unity of the empire preserved for Louis by God should not be destroyed by men. Lothar was given the title of emperor, and as co-ruler with his father at once made heir to the empire, and appointed King of Italy in the event of his father's death. Bernard, then King of Italy was not mentioned, but the implication is that Bernard would be subordinate to Lothar should Louis die. Pépin was made King of Aquitaine (plus Gascony, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Autun, Avallon and Nevers) and Louis, The German, was made King of Bavaria (plus Carinthia, Bohemia, the lands of the Avars and Slavs and the royal manors of Lauterhofen and Ingolstadt). Pépin and Louis were to meet on an annual basis with Lothar to consult and together find "measures to take in the interest of perpetual peace". They could neither start a war nor marry without the approval of their elder brother. Lothar even had the right to de-throne them after three warnings. That same year, 817, Stephen IV obtains his political independence, thus severing the tie between Rome and the Frank Empire as conceived by Charlemagne. The arrangement was neat and all contingencies covered except for the one which took place. After his first wife's (Ermengarde) death, Louis, in 819, married the beautiful Bavarian Judith, daughter of Comte Welf of Bavaria. On 13 June 823 she gave birth to a son. He was called Charles. In September, 824, forgetting his nickname "Le Débonnaire", Louis totally ravages the Bretagne which was rebelling. In 829, at the General Assembly convoked in Worms (Wurm), Louis announces that he is forging a Duchy for his son, Charles, and gives him Alamania, Alsace, Rhetia, and part of Burgundy. The Co-Emperor Lothar, disagrees and has his name removed from imperial decrees and diplomas. Toward the end of 829, the political scene gets very complicated with allegations that Judith had intimate rapports with Bernard, Count of Barcelone, and ultimately desiring the death of the three sons of Hirmingarde. In Mai of 830, in Compiègne, Lothar and Pépin of Aquitaine lead a revolt. Louis is forced to cede on every point of contention. The apanage of the young Charles is eliminated, Judith is locked up in Poitiers at the Monastery of Sainte-Radegonde. In 831, the bishops would note how she had a talent for converting men's hearts and souls, and would allow her to rejoin her husband. In 832, Pépin and Louis revolt against their father. On 24 June 833, the Army of Louis Le Pieux faces those of the rebels. The field of battle in Rothfeld would be named the Field of the Lie (Lügenfeld). The Emperor and his sons begin negotiations. The night of 29 to 30 June, it is clear that the supporters of Louis would be influenced by his three sons. On the morning of 30 June, Louis would have to surrender. It would not be until 1 October that Louis would be deposed by the Assembly led by Agobard, Archbishop of Lyon and Eblon, Archbishop of Reims. On 7 October, Judith is sent to the Monastery of Tortone, Bernard to Prüm, and Louis to the Monastery of Saint-Médard-de-Soissons, where in public ceremony, he is forced to lay down his sword, stripped of royal , he is made to don the coarse cloth of a penitent. In 834, Louis and Pépin, tired of being under the control of their brother Lothar, decide to free their father. On 28 February, they succeed in freeing their father and in August in Blois, Lothar swears to Louis Le Pieux, that he would never leave Italy except by his direct command. Throughout 834, the Normands -- Danes, Swedes and Norwegians -- resume their raids. On 28 February 835, the General Assembly proclaims that Louis was innocent of all previous accusations thus clearing the way for him to be re-established as Emperor on the Throne at Saint- Stephen of Metz. In 837, thanks to the of Judith, Charles "Le Chauve", receives a Kingdom composed of Frisia, between the Seine, the Meuse and the sea and in September 838, he receives the crown at Quierzy-sur-Oise. In 838, Marseille is devastated by the Sarrasins. On 30 May 839, the Empire is divided in half, with Lothar taking the East, and Charles' lands extend through Provence, Lyon, Toul and Geneva and all the lands of the West. Louis "the German", gets to keep only Bavaria. Married in 819: Judith de Bavière,, daughter of Welf II, Count de Bavière and Égilwich=Heilwig, Abbess de Challes (Louis married Judith upon the death of his first wife, Ermengarde. She bore him a son named Charles in 823. It is clear that Louis was as fond of Charles as Jacob was of his Benjamin). Died: on 22 Jun 840 at Ingelheim, Germany, at age 61 In 840, while attempting to keep Louis "the German" in line, Louis "Le Pieux" is taken ill in Salz. Feeling near death, he sends Lothar his sword and the crown on the condition that he would be loyal to Judith and abide by the lands division agreed to in Worms in 839. He died on an island, near Ingelheim on 22 June.

11. Ermengarde4 d'Esbay (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 352-41.). Married Name: de France. Born: before 780 at France, daughter of Enguéran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay and N? N?, Ermengarde is presumed to have been at least 14 years of age when she married Louis. Married in 794: Louis I, King de France,, son of Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum and Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau. Died: on 30 Oct 818.

--- 5th Generation ---

16. N?, Comte5 de Toulouse (Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and Roots, Settipani, Christain: Chapter 11: " Les comtes d'Anjou et leurs alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles", Page 247.). Born: before 725. Married before 745: N? N?

17. N?5 N? Married before 745: N?, Comte de Toulouse.

18. Charles5 Martel (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Augé.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 129, Line 171-43.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 271 - 273, 369.). Born: in 686 at Château de Franchemont, Belgium, son of Pépin II d'Héristal and Aupaïs=Alpaïde N?, The Château de Franchemont is near Spa and also Verviers, which may have encompassed Héristal. During World War II, the resistance used the tunnels under the castle to hide people and supplies from the German hordes. Married before 713: Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d'Austrasie,, daughter of Saint Liévin=Leutwinus, Bishop de Trèves and N. d'Istrie. Note - between 0715 and 0741: Toward the end of 715, Charles escaped from the prison his step-grandmother had locked him in, and rallies the Austrasians. In March, 716, however, in his first conflict with the Frisons who were edging their way up the Rhine, Charles is routed. A few weeks later, he is able to beat the Neustrians on the Ambève River, near Malmédy. on 21 March 717, he is victorious over the Neustrians again, this time at Vincy, near Cambrai and he forces Chilpéric II and his Mayor of the Palace, Rainfroi to flee to Paris. In 714, Charles takes the title Mayor of the Palace of Neustria, and gives the Neustrians a new King, Cloraire IV, son of Thierry III [who had died in 691]. The same year, his armies ravage Saxe all the way to the Weser River. In early 719, Clotaire IV died, and Rainfroi and Chilpéric II obtain the assistance of Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine in a campaign against Charles. Charles defeats both armies; however, since Clotaire IV is dead, Charles recognizes Chilpéric, but he becomes the Major Domus of both Neustria and Austrasia. When Chilpéric II died in 721, Charles pulled Thierry IV, young adolescent son of Dagobert III, out of the Monastery of Chelles. from 722 to 724, the arabs mount successful offeensives and pillage Autun. Charles, worried about maintaining the Franc authority, Charles Martel mounts a frightfully succesful campaign in Bavaria against the Allemanians and the Frisons, and he destroys their temples. Theutbald, Duke of the Allemanians is essentially powerless. In Gaule, toward the end of the decade, Charles turns his attention to Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, who had maintained too independent an attitude. Aquitaine is ravaged in the process. In 730, Eudes allies himself with an Emir of northern Spain, Othmann ben Abi-Nessa and the arabs agin a foothold in southern France. By 732, a new emir, Adb-el-Rahman invades from Pampelona, cross the Pyrenees near Roncevaux, take and pillage Bordeaux, burning all the churches. In the Summer, they take Poitiers and destroy the basilica of Saint- Hilaire-hors-les-murs. On Saturday 17 October 732, Charles Martel's armies take the great Roman way linking Châtellerault to Poitiers and at 20 km North of Poitiers, at Moussais-la-Bataille, it encounters the arabs. They would observe each other for 7 days before the Battle of Poitiers would take place. The Battle of Poitiers: One Chronicler, Frédégaire described the action as follows: "Duke Eudes, being viewed with derision throughout his lands, called against Prince Charles and the nation of the Francs, that most perfidious race of the Sarrasins [that is not accurate as Eudes had first allied himself with an Emir, but then called upon Charles for aid when events turned on him]. The Sarrasins, led by their King, Abd-el-Rahman cross Gérona [another error as they set out from Pampelona and crossed the pyrenees at Roncevaux]. After having burned the churches, and crushed the population, they arrive in Poitiers. When they burn the Basilica and destroy the residence of Saint Martin, Prince Charles put into action an audacious plan and the order of Battle is given. With the aid of Christ, our Lord, our valorous Prince destroys their tents and flies into combat to crush them..." A less glorious account is given by a monk of the Abbey of Moissac: "The King of Spain, Abd-el-Rahman, having crossed the Pyrenees with his large army from Pampelona, laid siege to Bordeaux. Then Eudes, Prince of Aquitaine, leading his large assembled army fought against the Sarrasins on the banks of the Garonne. But, from the beginning, the Sarrasins were victorious. Eudes, having to flee, recruited the assistance of Charles, Prince of the Francs. Then Charles led his armies and combat ensued in the suburbs of Poitiers [the actual battle took place 20 km North of Poitiers]. The Sarrasins having been beaten by the Francs, and their King, Abd-el- Rahman killed, fled in a most disorderly manner back to Spain. As to Charles, he returned triumphantly to France with the bounty..." The Moslems have named that field of Battle: Balad-al-Shouhada -- Place of the of the Faith. This victory gave Charles Martel extraordinary prestige, and it is there that he is said to have crushed the arabs "like a hammer". He then occupied the Bourgogne (Burgundy) and pacified the Languedoc, and Provence, thus establishing a significant French Monarchy. He exiled the family of Eucharic of Orléans, who controlled the bishopric of Auxerre, to Hesbaye, and installed his own man, Aimar to the Holy See. Married before 726: Sunnichild de Bavière,, daughter of Théodobald de Bavière and Gleisnod N? Buried: in Oct 741 at Saint Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France. Died: on 22 Oct 741 at Kiersy=Quierzy, Aisne, France, Upon Charles Martel's death, his two sons divide the Kingdom in accordance with his wishes. Carloman gets Austrasia, Allemania and Thuringia; Pépin gets Neustria, Burgundy and Provence. The rest, very little, went to Grifon, a bastard child of Charles by Swannhilde, grand-daughter of the Duke of the Bavarians.

19. Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse5 d'Austrasie (André Roux: Scrolls, 191.) (Rosamond.) (Stuart, Page 129, Line 171-43.). Married Name: Martel. Born: before 700, daughter of Saint Liévin=Leutwinus, Bishop de Trèves and N. d'Istrie, Rotrude is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Pépin III was born. Married before 713: Charles Martel,, son of Pépin II d'Héristal and Aupaïs=Alpaïde N? Died: between 0724 and 0725.

20. Charlemagne, Rex5 Francorum et Langobardorum (Rosamond, Page 131.) (André Roux: Scrolls, 191, 255.) (Stuart, Page 130, Line 171-41.) (Augé, Tome I, Page 335.) (Castelot, Tome 1, Pages 369, 424.). AKA: Carolus Magnus. Born: on 2 Apr 742 at Jupille, Belgium, son of Pépin III, King des Francs and Berthe=Bertrada de Laon. Married before 764: Luitgard N? Note - between 0767 and 0814: Charlemagne's title after 800 was: Carolus serenissimus augustus a Deo coronatus magnus et pacificus imperator Romanum gubernans imperium, qui est per misericordiam Dei rex Francorum et Langobardorum. It was designed to include the romans in the Frankish empire without centering the Empire upon them. Charlemagne stressed the royal and Frankish bases for his power. Charlemagne was King of the Franks (des Francs) 767-814, and Emperor of the West from 25 December 800. King of the Francs (767 - 814) and Emperor of the Occident (800 - 814), Charlemagne succeeded his father Pépin "Le Bref" in 768 and reigned with his brother Carloman. Between 782 and 785, hardly a year passed without confrontation with the Saxons. In 772, during the first major expedition, the Irminsuls were destroyed. That year also saw the beginning of a 30-year war against the Saxons as the Francs ravaged the Saxon land by steel and by fire. In 773, the Francs route the Lombards who seek refuge in Pavia, and Gerberge and her children take refuge in Verona, where Charles takes them prisoners. Didier's son, Adalgise, successfully escapes the assaults and spends the rest of his life in Constantinople. On 5 June 774, Charles reclaims the title of King of the Lombards and of the Francs -- Rex Francorum et Langobardorum, as he triumphantly enters Pavia. In 775 the castle of Siegburg and the castle of Eresburg were "reorganized". Near Hoxter, a large number of Westphalian Saxons are slaughtered in the Sachsen-graben. In 777, at Paderborn, an assembly inaugurated the ecclesiastical organization of Saxony, which divided the country into missionary zones. In 777, Charles had been visited by Solaman Ibn-al-Arabi, who had turned against his master, the Emir Abd-al-Rahman and offered Charles the cities entrusted to his care. In 778, Charles crosses the Pyrenees, occupies Pampelune, and marches on Sarabossa. But upon learning that the Saxons had once more rebelled and were crossing the Rhine, he turned back. On 15 August, the rear guard, under the command of the Seneschal Éginhard, the Count of the Palace Anselm, and of Roland, Duke of the Marche of Brittany, is attacked by Basques or Gascon forces. In the meantime, the Saxons ravaged the Frankish holdings from Cologne to the Moselle. In 779 and 781, Widukind, a Westphalian noble, defeated the Frankish armies in the Sütel mountains. Charlemagne is reputed to have had 4,500 Saxons beheaded in Verdun. In 782, the country was divided into counties administered by Saxons. At Attigny, in 785, Widukind and his son-in-law Abbi submitted to Charlemagne who enforced their baptism and became their Godfather. In December, 795, Hadrian I was succeeded by Pope Leon III. By 797, Saxony was conquered. In a brilliant military campaign (773-774) he put an end to the Lombard Dynasty and took the title King of the Lombards. He conquered Bavaria (781 - 788), and then the land of the Avares (792 - 799), a people related to the Huns. 797 proved to be a year of diplomacy. In the early part of the year, several Sarasin chiefs (Zata, and Abdallah) gave homage to Charlemagne at Aix; and Gerona, Caserres and Vich became occupied by the Francs. While in Aix, Charlemagne also received the ambassador of the Emperor of Constantinople, Constantin VI arriving with offers of friendship. In Heerstall, later in the year, the Huns make peace. Charles also receives the ambassador from Alphonse=Alfonso, King of Galicia and of the Asturias. On 25 April 799, the Feast of St. Mark, the Pope is assailed by aristocrats loyal to Byzantium in front of the Church of Saint Stephen and Sylvester. He is thrown in the Monastery of Saint Erasmus, but escapes and seeks refuge under the protection of the Duke of Spoleto. On 23 December 800, according to the Liber Pontificalis, the Pope is cleared of all charges brought by the rebellious aristocrates. Charlemagne's task is to determine the appropriate punishment for those who have perpetrated the assault on the Holy Father. On 25 December 800, Pope Leon III crowned him Emperor of the Occident. This was made possible because the Emperor Constantin VI had effectively been dethroned by his mother Irene, who had him blinded and then proclaimed herself the "Basileus". Unfortunately, a throne occupied by a woman according to the Nomen Imperatoris, is a vacant one. The day after the crowning, Pope Leon III proclaims the year 1 of the Empire, and the money is stamped with the Pope's image on one side and that of Charlemagne on the other. Married before 769: Himiltrude N? (Himiltrude was Charlemagne's first wife). Married in 770: Désidérata de Lombardie,, daughter of Désidérius, King of Lombardy and N? N? (Bertrada, Charlemagne's mother, arranged this betrothal, but Charlemagne repudiated Désidérata after a year. It is not clear whether he repudiated her after a year for not bearing a child or whether in fact she even left the Lombard kingdom) (Rosamond, Page 65.). Married in 771: Hildegard, Countess de Linzgau,, daughter of Gerold I, Duke d'Allemanie and Imma d'Allemanie (Pépin Carloman was Hildegard's second son. Hildegarde was Charlemagne's second wife). Married in 783: Fastrada N? He was christened in 785 at Saxe, Germany. Died: on 28 Jan 814 at Aix-la-Chapelle, Westphalia, at age 71.

21. Hildegard, Countess5 de Linzgau (André Roux: Scrolls, 112, 191.) (Stuart, Page 193, Line 262-41.). Married Name: Francorum et Langobardorum. AKA: Sainte Hildegarde de Vintzgau. Born: circa 758, daughter of Gerold I, Duke d'Allemanie and Imma d'Allemanie. Married in 771: Charlemagne, Rex Francorum et Langobardorum,, son of Pépin III, King des Francs and Berthe=Bertrada de Laon (Pépin Carloman was Hildegard's second son. Hildegarde was Charlemagne's second wife). Died: on 30 Apr 783.

22. Enguéran=Ingram, Count5 d'Esbay (André Roux: Scrolls.) (Stuart, Page 246, Line 352-42.). Born: before 765, son of N. d'Hesbaye and Gunderland N?, Enguéran is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ermengarde was born. Married before 780: N? N?

23. N?5 N? Married before 780: Enguéran=Ingram, Count d'Esbay,, son of N. d'Hesbaye and Gunderland N?

Printed on: 7 Nov 2016 Prepared by: J.M. Raffin, Ph.D. USA [email protected] http://Doc5thMech.com Bibliography

André Castelot, Alain Decaux, Marcel Jullian et J. Levron. Histoire de La France et des Français au Jour le Jour. in no series (n.p.: Librairie Académique Perrin, 1976).

André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, n.d.

Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d.

Keats-Rohan, K.S.B. (ed.), Family Trees and the Roots of Politics: The Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century ISBN: 0-85115-625-8, (Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, Inc., 1997).

P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981).

Paul Augé. Nouveau Larousse Universel in no series (13 à 21 Rue Montparnasse et Boulevard Raspail 114: Librairie Larousse, 1948).

Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln.

Rosamond McKitterick. The Frankish kingdom under the Carolingians: 751-987. in no series (Singapore: Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd, (c) 1983).

Stuart, Roderick W., Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992).