Climate and Energy Action Plan 1 Content DECISIONS OF THE CITY COUNCIL ON 20 SEPTEMBER 2010 5 SUMMARY 6 1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY – “PUT YOUR OWN HOUSE IN ORDER FIRST ” – MEASURES IN THE MUNICIPALITY’S OWN OPERATIONS 15 1.1 Environmental policy for Bergen Municipality .........................................................................15 2 OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND 16 2.1 Background.............................................................................................................................16 2.2.1 Climate and energy targets for Bergen....................................................................16 2.1.2 Previous plans and decisions concerning greenhouse gas emissions....................18 2.1.3 The greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases.......................................................20 2.2 National development and national objectives........................................................................22 2.3 Ongoing plans and reports that are important for the Action Plan ..........................................24 2.4 Organisation of the work on the Action Plan ...........................................................................27 3 STATUS OF ENERGY USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 28 3.1 Status of energy use ...............................................................................................................28 3.1.1 Stationary energy use..............................................................................................28 3.1.2 Mobile energy use ...................................................................................................30 3.2 Status of greenhouse gas emissions ......................................................................................30 3.2.1 Development of greenhouse gas emissions in Norway...........................................30 3.2.2 Development of greenhouse gas emissions in Bergen ...........................................31 3.3 What do the different measurements mean?..........................................................................33 4 STRUCTURE OF THE ACTION PLAN 35 5 MOBILE ENERGY USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 37 5.1 Status and future development ...............................................................................................37 5.1.1 Road traffic development.........................................................................................37 5.1.2 Emissions from road traffic must be seen in a regional context ..............................37 5.1.3 Aviation and sea transport.......................................................................................38 5.1.4 Greenhouse gas emissions from mobile sources....................................................38 5.1.5 Existing plans ..........................................................................................................39 5.1.6 Future development.................................................................................................39 5.2 Target setting for mobile emissions ........................................................................................40 5.3 The interrelationship between mobile emissions, the environment and the economy............41 5.4 Policy instruments...................................................................................................................42 5.4.1 Main features...........................................................................................................42 5.4.2 Cities of the Future ..................................................................................................43 5.4.3 Land use and urban development...........................................................................43 5.4.4 Enhance public transport.........................................................................................45 5.4.5 Enhancing pedestrian and cycle traffic....................................................................48 5.4.6 Regulate car traffic ..................................................................................................49 5.4.7 Reduce emissions from each vehicle ......................................................................52 5.4.8 Other sources of mobile emissions .........................................................................54 5.4.9 Packages of measures and effects up to 2030 .......................................................55 2 5.4.10 Car sharing..............................................................................................................55 5.4.11 First put your own house in order............................................................................55 5.4.12 Emissions from road transport.................................................................................56 5.4.13 Emissions from other mobile sources......................................................................57 5.4.14 Summary of measures and effects of technological gains ......................................57 5.4.15 Nil emissions from the transport sector? .................................................................59 6 STATIONARY ENERGY USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 66 6.1 Status and future development ...............................................................................................66 6.1.1 Stationary energy use in Bergen .............................................................................66 6.1.2 The present situation...............................................................................................67 6.1.3 Current plans and activities .....................................................................................67 6.1.4 Targets and development........................................................................................68 6.1.5 Relationship between energy, environment and economy......................................70 6.2 District Heating........................................................................................................................70 6.3 Energy efficient buildings ........................................................................................................71 6.4 Putting our own house in order first ........................................................................................72 6.4.1 Energy management and energy efficiency improvement in municipal activities....72 6.4.2 Energy efficient buildings in the Municipality...........................................................72 6.4.3 Energy labelling of buildings....................................................................................73 6.5 Policy instruments...................................................................................................................73 6.5.1 Regulatory instruments, legislative changes, taxes etc...........................................73 6.5.2 Grants and subsidies...............................................................................................74 6.5.3 Cities of the Future ..................................................................................................74 6.5.4 Reduction in energy use..........................................................................................75 6.5.5 District heating.........................................................................................................75 6.5.6 Alternative energy sources......................................................................................75 6.5.7 Expertise, knowledge and attitude creation work ....................................................76 6.5.8 Other policy instruments..........................................................................................76 6.6 Proposals for measures and effects........................................................................................77 6.6.1 Climate, Environment and Energy Fund..................................................................77 6.6.2 Determined measures in the Municipality’s own activities.......................................77 6.6.3 Proposals for measures...........................................................................................77 6.6.4 Calculation and assumptions for the extent of incentives and measures................78 6.6.5 Consolidated presentation of measures and effects ...............................................78 6.6.6 Portfolio of measures...............................................................................................79 6.6.7 Short-term measures 2010-2014.............................................................................79 6.6.8 Long-term measures 2015-2030 .............................................................................85 7 WASTE AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN 93 7.1 Status and future development ...............................................................................................93 7.1.1 The present waste situation.....................................................................................93 7.1.2 Existing plans and anticipated development ...........................................................94 7.2 Objectives and targets for waste and consumption ................................................................96 7.2.1 Principal objectives..................................................................................................96 7.2.2 Objectives and targets for consumption pattern and waste minimisation................96 7.2.3 Objectives and targets for treating household waste...............................................97