DOCSLIB.ORG

Define Mont Mauru, Eastern Tahiti Nui, As a Distinct Area of Endemism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Define Mont Mauru, Eastern Tahiti Nui, As a Distinct Area of Endemism A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeysNew 227: 63–99Mecyclothorax (2012) spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru... 63 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.227.3797 RESEARCH artICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, as a distinct area of endemism James K. Liebherr1,† 1 Cornell University Insect Collection, Department of Entomology, John H. and Anna B. Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C102C29B-956E-44CE-85CC-7F64F2E09455 Corresponding author: James K. Liebherr ([email protected]) Academic editor: Terry Erwin | Received 8 August 2012 | Accepted 26 September 2012 | Published 5 October 2012 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9E0058D-3C71-4141-91A3-F690AC65F4CF Citation: Liebherr JK (2012) New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, as a distinct area of endemism. ZooKeys 227: 63–99. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.227.3797 Abstract Seven species of Mecyclothorax Sharp precinctive to Mont Mauru, Tahiti, Society Islands are newly de- scribed: M. tutei sp. n., M. tihotii sp. n., M. putaputa sp. n., M. toretore sp. n., M. anaana sp. n., M. pirihao sp. n., and M. poro sp. n. These seven constitute the first representative Mecyclothorax species recorded from Mauru, and their geographic restriction to this isolated massif defines it as a distinct area of endemism along the highly dissected eastern versant of the Tahiti Nui volcano. Each of the new species has a closest relative on another massif of Tahiti Nui, supporting speciation associated with vicariance caused by extensive erosional valley formation, especially the development of Papenoo Valley. Comparison of the known elevational distributions of the new discoveries on Mont Mauru to the elevational diversity profile of the comparatively well-sampled Mont Marau, northwest Tahiti Nui, suggests that numerous Mecyclo- thorax species remain to be discovered in higher-elevation habitats of Mont Mauru. Keywords French Polynesia, allopatric speciation, biodiversity, biogeography Copyright James K. Liebherr. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 64 James K. Liebherr / ZooKeys 227: 63–99 (2012) Introduction The island of Tahiti is remarkably dissected. The two volcanoes that comprise Tahiti— Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti—are estimated to have formed 1.75 and 1.0 Myr ago (Craig et al. 2001), and both have undergone extensive erosion leading to deep, broad valleys separating narrow ridgelike mountains with extremely steep slopes. At the center of Tahiti Nui, Mont Orohena stands 2.241 km tall less than 5 km from the 169 m eleva- tion floor of Papenoo Valley. To Papenoo Valley’s east lie a series of isolated massifs that comprise the dissected, windward and eastern versant of Tahiti Nui volcano. To its west range a set of interconnected ridge systems; Marau, Aorai, and Pihaaiateta (Fig. 1), the latter culminating in Mont Orohena. This paper presents the first descriptions of Mecyclothorax carabid beetles precinc- tive to one of the isolated eastern massifs; Mont Mauru (Fig. 1). All of the species discovered on Mauru are new to science. The novel aspects of Mauru’s beetle fauna stem from the historical restriction of all prior carabid beetle sampling in Tahiti Nui to the interconnected western ridges. Perrault (1978a, 1978b, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989) collected extensively on Marau, Aorai, and Pihaaiateta, as well as in the moun- tains of Teatara, Presqu’île de Taiarapu, Tahiti Iti (Fig. 1). He found that even among the interconnected ridges of western Tahiti Nui, most species are restricted to a single ridge system (Perrault 1992). Given the extreme geographic isolation of Mont Mauru vis à vis the western sites sampled by Perrault, it should come as little surprise that Mont Mauru houses a fauna completely distinct from that of the western mountains. Nonetheless, sampling accomplished to date on Mont Mauru remains very limited, suggesting that our biological knowledge of this massif’s Mecyclothorax diversity is dramatically incomplete. To make an initial estimate of the level of our ignorance, the elevational distributions of Mecyclothorax beetle species on Mauru are compared to those observed on Mont Marau, the best sampled and therefore apparently most diverse Tahitian mountain. By this estimate, somewhere between ¼ to ½ of the Mecy- clothorax fauna of Mauru has been discovered, lending support for further biological survey activities on this massif. Methods Taxonomic material This study is based on 41 Mecyclothorax specimens—40 adults plus 1 larva—collect- ed on Mont Mauru during September, 2006. Diagnoses of all new species were de- veloped through comparison with type specimens of Tahitian Mecyclothorax species described by Perrault (1978a et seq.), as well as specimens representing 35 described species plus 20 additional new species, to be described subsequently, that were col- lected elsewhere in Tahiti during September, 2006. Paratype specimens of Perrault New Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) define Mont Mauru... 65 Figure 1. Massifs of the Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti volcanos, Tahiti, Society Islands (redrawn and amend- ed from Perrault, 1992). Massifs indicated were either sampled by Perrault (1978a et seq.) or during 2006 field work supporting the current study. Dashed lines indicate lowland valleys and associated headlands below 1000 m elevation that separate major massifs. species were borrowed from the Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel (NHMB) and the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Specimens representing all Mecyclothoarx species in the Georges G. Perrault collection of Tahitian Carabidae (MNHN) were photographed, 24-26 August 2006, at which time structural, seta- tional, and microsculptural characters were noted for all described species held at Paris. These include specimens for species described by Britton (1938). The sum of these comparisons plus associated notes, along with Perrault’s (1992) hypotheses of phylogenetic affinity, were used to formulate hypotheses of sister-group relationships for the new species described below. Primary type specimens and associated allotypic paratypes of the new species, where available, are deposited in the MNHN and incorporated into the Perrault col- lection. Other institutional depositories include: Cornell University Insect Collection (CUIC); Essig Museum of Entomology Collection, University of California, Berkeley (EMEC); U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C. (NMNH). 66 James K. Liebherr / ZooKeys 227: 63–99 (2012) Laboratory techniques This paper follows directly the laboratory protocols and anatonomical terminology presented in Liebherr (2009, 2011). Those papers may be consulted for explanations of the terminology used below. Descriptive conventions Various ratios of length and width are used to describe shapes of the head, pronotum and elytra. For the head these include the ocular ratio, the width across the outer sur- face of the compound eyes divided by the minimum width of the frons between the eyes, and the ocular lobe ratio, the diameter of the eye measured from above, divided by the distance from the front margin of the eye to the juncture of the ocular lobe and gena, measured from the same vantage point. Prothoracic dimensions present- ed as ratios include: MPW, maximum pronotal width; BPW, basal pronotal width, measured between the hind angles; APW, apical pronotal width measured between the two most anterior points at the pronotal front angles; and PL, pronotal length measured along the midline. Elytral dimensions include MEW, or maximum elytral width, and HuW, humeral width, measured between the most anteriorly positioned points, i.e. the humeral angles. Standardized body length comprises the sum of three values: 1, the length of the head from labral anterior margin to cervical ridge, the position of the ridge estimated from its lateral reaches when hidden medially under the pronotal margin; 2, median pronotal length; and 3, elytral length, distance from base of scutellum, where the surface dips ventrally, to apex of the longer elytron, measured along the suture. When more than one individual was used to represent a ratio or range of ratios, the quantified number is followed by “(n = X)”, with X representing the number of individuals measured to make up the ratios. A maximum of five individuals were so measured for any species, with the largest individual, the smallest individual, and representatives of both sexes included in the sample of five. By this method the most disparate range of ratios was sought. The ratios are used only for descriptive purposes and are not statistically evaluated. Collecting localities Entomological sampling of Mont Mauru, eastern Tahiti Nui, was facilitated by the private access road to the hydroelectric facilities of Électricité de Tahiti. The lowest elevation collecting site was along a northern tributary branch of the Faatautia River at a 30 m length of uncollapsed lava tube housing a highly variable stream (Fig. 2A). The lava tube was traversable at low water (18 September), with a small waterfall at its lower mouth bordered by a flat rocky terrace. At higher water
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anisodactylus Binotatus Fabr., a Carabid Beetle New to New Zealand, and a Review of the Exotic Carabid Fauna
    Pacific Insects 5 (4) : 837-847 December 30, 1963 ANISODACTYLUS BINOTATUS FABR., A CARABID BEETLE NEW TO NEW ZEALAND, AND A REVIEW OF THE EXOTIC CARABID FAUNA By R. L. C. Pilgrim DEPT, OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND Abstract: Anisodactylus binotatus Fabr. 1787 (Col.: Carabidae), an introduced species now established in Canterbury (South Island), New Zealand, is reported for the first time. The literature respecting other carabids sometimes recorded as introduced is reviewed; Ago- nochila binotata (White, 1846), Agonum submetallicum (White, 1846), Hypharpax australasiae (Dejean, 1829) and Pentagonica vittipennis Chaudoir, 1877 are shown to be better considered as endemic to the Australia - New Zealand area. Other species are classed as either native to New Zealand, clearly introduced though not all established, or of doubtful occurrence in New Zealand. Introduction: The Carabidae of New Zealand are predominantly endemic species, but a small number of exotic species has been recorded. This paper reports a further introduc­ tion to the carabid fauna of this country and concludes with a survey of recorded exotic Carabidae in New Zealand. Specimens of the newly-recorded species were collected in domestic gardens in Christ­ church, and were included in a collection sent for identification to Dr. E. B. Britton, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), who kindly drew the writer's attention to the fact that they were so far unreported from New Zealand. Description of adult (from New Zealand specimens) Fig. 1. Anisodactylus binotatus Fabricius, 1787 Color: Head, pronotum, elytra and femora black; tibiae and tarsi light brown to red- black ; palps and antennal segments 1-2 brown, remainder of antennae black; leg spines red-brown; head with small red spot on frons between eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Notes in Support of a Revision of Hawaiian Carabidae
    Field Notes in Support of a Revision of Hawaiian Carabidae James K. Liebherr* Cornell University Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. * Curator (Ret.) Cornell University Insect Collection, and Professor Emeritus 23 August 2021 Field Notes in Support of a Revision of Hawaiian Carabidae © 2021 by James K. Liebherr is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Cornell University Insect Collection John H. and Ann B. Comstock Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 U.S.A. ii Table of Contents Foreword ……………………………………………………………….…………………………. iv 00.—Introduction …………………………………………………………………..………….. 1 01.—Kauaˋi; 9-22 March, 10-16 May 1991 ……..…………………………...….... 7 02.—Hawaiˋi Island; 23 March-5 April 1991 ..…………………………..…….… 21 03.—Haleakalā; 8-13 April 1991, 29 April–9 May 1991 …………….…….… 27 04.—Oˋahu; 20–23 April, 18 May 1991 ………………………..……….…..….…..41 05.—Molokaˋi; 24-27 April 1991 …………………………………….……..….………45 06.—West Maui, 11-15 May 1992; Molokaˋi, 15-16 May 1992 ...……… 50 07.—Maui Nui, 29 April-21 May 1993 (Lānaˋi, Molokaˋi, West Maui, Haleakalā) ……………….………………………………………………………………….…….61 08.—Oˋahu, 1-15 May 1995 .………………………………….……………………..…. 89 09.—Kauaˋi, 16-22 May 1995 ………………….………………..…………..………. 104 10.—Maui + Molokaˋi 20-31 May 1997 …..……………………………………... 114 11.—Hawaiˋi Island—1–6 June 1997 …..………………………..……………….. 134 12.—Hawaiˋi Island—9–17 October 1997 …..……………………….…….….. 138 13.—Haleakalā, Maui—30 April–15 May 1998 ….…………………………... 145 14.—Haleakalā and West Maui—15–23 May 2001 …….………….………. 167 15.—Hawaiˋi Island—23–27 May 2001 …………………..…………..…………. 179 16.—Haleakalā, Maui, 14–20 May 2003 …………………………………………. 184 17.—Hawaiˋi Island, 21–25 May 2003 ………………..………………………….. 192 18.—Lānaˋi, Molokaˋi, West Maui, 10–28 May 2004 …..……..….……….
    [Show full text]
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Liebherr CV 06-16.Pdf
    2016 Curriculum Vitae NAME: James Kenneth Liebherr DEPARTMENT/UNIT: Entomology TITLE: Professor CAMPUS ADDRESS: 2144G Comstock Hall PHONE: 607-255-4507 EMAIL: [email protected] WEB PAGE: http://entomology.cals.cornell.edu/people/james-liebherr APPOINTMENT: Curator and Professor of Entomology (50% time). TRAINING: Ph.D. Entomology, Insect Systematics - University of California, Berkeley, 1983; major professor John. T. Doyen. M.S. Entomology, Pheromone Biology - Cornell University, 1974; co-advisors John G. Franclemont, Wendell L. Roelofs. B.A. Zoology, Limnology - University of Wisconsin, 1972; advisor John J. Magnuson. RESEARCH (30%): (1) Systematic revision of Cyphocoleus beetles of New Caledonia. Based on substantial high-quality taxonomic material collected by Dr. Geoff Monteith, Queensland Museum, I have revised the 22 species of Cyphocoleus¬–12 newly described–placing them phylogenetically within the carabid tribe Odacanthini. Cyphocoleus belong to a newly proposed subtribe that exhibits an amphiantarctic biogeographic pattern, supporting the presence of Cyphocoleus in New Caledonia since Late Cretaceous. (2) Phylogenetics of Mecyclothorax and tribe Moriomorphini. This analysis addresses phylogenetic relationships among genera of the carabid tribe Moriomorphini, an Austral taxon distributed from Australia across the Pacific to Chile. This project has involved a sabbatic leave in New Zealand which allowed me to revise the New Zealand Mecyclothorax species and describe the new genera Meonochilus and Rossjoycea. A major impending project entails revision of the Mecyclothorax beetles of New Caledonia. (3) Revisionary systematics of native Hawaiian and Tahitian Carabidae. The native Hawaiian carabid beetle fauna comprises about 420 species. Since I commenced fieldwork in 1991 I have revised species in three independent radiations; the endemic genus Blackburnia (133 extant plus 7 extinct species), the Austral-Pacific genus Mecyclothorax (239 Hawaiian species), and Bembidion (23 native Hawaiian species).
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Canterbury Foothills, New Zealand
    Berndt & Brockerhoff. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2019) 49:12 https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs492019x54x E-ISSN: 1179-5395 published on-line: 30/12/2019 Research Article Open Access New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Effects of land cover type on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Canterbury foothills, New Zealand Lisa A. Berndt1,2 and Eckehard G. Brockerhoff3,4,* 1 Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand 2 Current address: LifeLab Coaching, 29 Iles Rd, Lynmore, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand 3 Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), PO Box 29 237, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand 4 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received for publication 27 April 2019; accepted in revised form 23 December 2019) Abstract Background: Land cover changes during the recent history of New Zealand have had a major impact on its largely endemic and iconic biodiversity. As in many other countries, large areas of native forest have been replaced by other land cover and are now in exotic pasture grassland or plantation forest. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are often used as ecological indicators, they provide ecosystem services such as pest control, and some species are endangered. However, few studies in New Zealand have assessed the habitat value for carabid beetles of natural forest, managed regenerating natural forest, pine plantation forest and pasture. Methods: We compared the carabid beetle assemblages of natural forest of Nothofagus solandri var solandri (also known as Fuscospora solandri or black beech), regenerating N. solandri forest managed for timber production, exotic pine plantation forest and exotic pasture, using pitfall traps.
    [Show full text]
  • On a Collection of Carabidae from Timor Leste, with Descriptions of Nine New Species (Insecta: Coleoptera, Carabidae)
    © The Authors, 2017. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2017 Records of the Australian Museum (2017) Vol. 69, issue number 6, pp. 421–450. ISSN 0067-1975 (print), ISSN 2201-4349 (online) https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1660 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0622726F-CAC8-4816-B6B7-2DF2E8BDDA50 Martin Baehr orcid.org/0000-0002-2541-3966 Chris A. M. Reid orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-9839 On a Collection of Carabidae from Timor Leste, with Descriptions of Nine New Species (Insecta: Coleoptera, Carabidae) Martin Baehr1 and Chris A. M. Reid2* 1 Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany 2 Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] · [email protected] Abstract. The ground beetle (Carabidae) fauna of Timor is reviewed based on recent collecting by the Australian Museum, in Timor Leste. 53 species were collected, of which the following nine species are described as new: Mecyclothorax timorensis sp. nov. Baehr; M. reidi sp. nov. Baehr; Rhytisternus externus sp. nov. Baehr; Arhytinus timorensis sp. nov. Baehr; Notagonum reidi sp. nov. Baehr; N. angusticolle sp. nov. Baehr; Perigona timorensis sp. nov. Baehr; Aristolebia timorensis sp. nov. Baehr; Lebia timorensis sp. nov. Baehr The new species are compa red with their nearest relatives. The remaining material is identified to species, or at least to genus, and discussed according to the current classification of Carabidae. Several species and genera are newly recorded for Timor. In spite of the rather small number of species contained, the sample allows some insight into the relations of the Carabid fauna of Timor to the Oriental and Australopapuan Regions, with about two thirds of the species belonging to the Oriental fauna, and one third to the Australopapuan fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Maui, Hawai'f
    Introduction and Distributional Expansion of Trechus obtusus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Maui, Hawai'F James K Liebherr2 and Raina Takumi3 Abstract: Trechus obtusus Erichson (tribe Trechini), native to Europe and North Africa and introduced to the Pacific coast ofNorth America, is recorded for the first time from East Maui Island, Hawai'i, based on collections made at Halea­ kala National Park in September 1998. The species subsequently expanded its distribution to include Polipoli Springs State Recreation Area, East Maw. Range expansion has averaged 3 km per year, based on documented absence of T. ob­ tusus from the Polipoli Springs area in 1998. All Hawaiian individuals are mac­ ropterous, even though European and North American populations of T. obtusus are dimorphic for wing configuration, with the brachypterous form most com­ mon in long-established populations. The source area for the Hawaiian inva­ sion is hypothesized to be Oregon or the San Francisco Bay area, based on the closest match in the frequency of macroptery between specimens from Hawai'i and those from those mainland areas. Monomorphic macroptery of the Hawai­ ian populations suggests that the founder population was small, with estimates ranging from as few as 6 individuals to as many as 25, assuming the founding propagule was drawn at random from populations in the western United States. Baseline abundance data are presented for Polipoli Springs State Recreation Area, where T. obtusus co-occurs with seven native Mecyclothorax species (tribe Psydrini), establishing the opportunity for long-term assessment of the impact of the introduced species on the sympatric native fauna. Means to identify T.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 147: 229–260 (2011) Phylogeny of Trechitae... 229 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.147.1871 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae) David R. Maddison1, Karen A. Ober2 1 Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Current address: Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 2 Department of Ento- mology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Current Address: Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA Corresponding author: David R. Maddison ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Erwin | Received 30 July 2011 | Accepted 25 August 2011 | Published 16 November 2011 Citation: Maddison DR, Ober KA (2011) Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). In: Erwin T (Ed) Proceedings of a symposium honoring the careers of Ross and Joyce Bell and their contributions to scientific work. Burlington, Vermont, 12–15 June 2010. ZooKeys 147: 229–260. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.147.1871 Abstract The phylogeny of ground beetles of supertribe Trechitae is inferred using DNA sequences of genes that code for 28S ribosomal RNA, 18S ribosomal RNA, and wingless. Within the outgroups, austral psydrines are inferred to be monophyletic, and separate from the three genera of true Psydrina (Psydrus, Nomius, Laccocenus); the austral psydrines are formally removed from Psydrini and are treated herein as their own tribe, Moriomorphini Sloane. All three genes place Gehringia with Psydrina.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Carabid Beetles As Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
    R Systematic Entomology (1999) 24, 103±138 Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae) DAVID R. MADDISON, MICHAEL D. BAKER and KAREN A. OBER Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. Abstract. The phylogeny of carabid tribes is examined with sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA from eighty-four carabids representing forty-seven tribes, and ®fteen outgroup taxa. Parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood methods are used to infer the phylogeny. Although many clades established with morphological evidence are present in all analyses, many of the basal relationships in carabids vary from analysis to analysis. These deeper relationships are also sensitive to variation in the sequence alignment under different alignment conditions. There is moderate evidence against the monophyly of Migadopini + Amarotypini, Scaritini + Clivinini, Bembidiini and Brachinini. Psydrini are not monophyletic, and consist of three distinct lineages (Psydrus, Laccocenus and a group of austral psydrines, from the Southern Hemisphere consisting of all the subtribes excluding Psydrina). The austral psydrines are related to Harpalinae plus Brachinini. The placements of many lineages, including Gehringia, Apotomus, Omophron, Psydrus and Cymbionotum, are unclear from these data. One unexpected placement, suggested with moderate support, is Loricera as the sister group to Amarotypus. Trechitae plus Patrobini form a monophyletic group. Brachinini probably form the sister group to Harpalinae, with the latter containing Pseudomorpha, Morion and Cnemalobus. The most surprising, well supported result is the placement of four lineages (Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae, Paussinae and Scaritini) as near relatives of Harpalinae + Brachinini. Because these four lineages all have divergent 18S rDNA, and thus have long basal branches, parametric bootstrapping was conducted to determine if their association and placement could be the result of long branch attraction.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the Hawaiian Species of Mecydothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae) by EVERARD B
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM HONOLULU, HAWAII Volume XIX April 13, 1948 Number 4 A Revision of the Hawaiian Species of Mecydothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae) By EVERARD B. BRITION BRITISH MUSIlUM (NATURAL HISTORY) INTRODUCTION ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The genera most closely related to M ecyclothorax are the fol­ lowing: Celanida (Australia), M elisodem (Australia), T eraphis (Australia and Tasmania), Rhaebolestes (Australia), Pterogmus (Tasmania), Selenochilus (New Zealand), Molopsida (New Zea­ land), Tropidoptents (New Zealand and Chile), and Lissopogonus (Assam, Sikkim, Kumaon, Laos). These genera, together with M ecyclothorax, have been grouped by Van Emden (Ent. Blatt. 32: 51,1936) in the subtribe Melisoderina of the Nomiini. The known distribution of M ecyclothorax is as follows: Australia, 15 species; St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, 1 species; Java, 3 species; New Caledonia, 1 species (Phacothorax fleutiauxi Jeannel, Rev. d'Ent. 10: 84, 1944; Jeannel, La Genese des faunes ter­ restres, 233, 358, 1943); New Zealand, 1 species; Hawaiian Islands, 85 species; and Tahiti, 4 species. It is clear from the distribution of the related genera that the sub­ tribe had its origin in the Australian part of Gondwanaland. In view of the absence of related genera (except Lissopogonus) in the north-:­ ern half of Gondwana (Brazil, Africa, Madagascar, India to Indo­ China), it is probable that the Melisoderina appeared after the first 1 fracture of Gondwana which began in the lower Jurassic. The pres­ ence of Lissopogonus on the oriental side is, however, difficult to account for. It suggests a pre-Jurassic origin for the subtribe, but if 110 Bernice P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Literature Review & Report of Karst Biodiversity, Palaeontology
    A Literature Review & Report of Karst Biodiversity, Palaeontology & Hydrology in the Northern Agricultural Region, Western Australia. August 2007 By R.A.J. Susac on behalf of the DEC The entrance doline of Weelawadji Cave (E-24); Eneabba. Photo; R. Susac. Below the false floor (E-24). Photo; C. Williams. A Literature Review & Report of Karst Biodiversity, Palaeontology & Hydrology in the Northern Agricultural Region, Western Australia. August 2007 By R.A.J. Susac on behalf of the DEC Introduction................................................................................................................2 Karst of the Northern Agricultural Region (NAR)....................................................2 Karst Biology.............................................................................................................2 Trogloxenes............................................................................................................3 Troglophiles ...........................................................................................................3 Troglobites .............................................................................................................3 Accidentals.............................................................................................................3 Stygofauna .............................................................................................................4 Karst Area Zones and Nomenclature.........................................................................5 ENEABBA.............................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Bishop Museum Occasional Papers
    NUMBER 83, 55 pages 5 August 2005 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AND NEW TAXA PROPOSED BY R.C.L. PERKINS (1866–1955) NEAL L. EVENHUIS BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Cover: R.C.L. Perkins in 1907. Bishop Museum Archives. A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 2004 Bishop Museum Press has been publishing scholarly books on the natu- RESEARCH ral and cultural history of Hawai‘i and the Pacific since 1892. The Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin series (ISSN 0005-9439) was begun PUBLICATIONS OF in 1922 as a series of monographs presenting the results of research in many scientific fields throughout the Pacific. In 1987, the Bulletin series BISHOP MUSEUM was superceded by the Museum’s five current monographic series, issued irregularly: Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology (ISSN 0893-3111) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany (ISSN 0893-3138) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology (ISSN 0893-3146) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology (ISSN 0893-312X) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Cultural and Environmental Studies (NEW) (ISSN 1548-9620) Bishop Museum Press also publishes Bishop Museum Occasional Papers (ISSN 0893-1348), a series of short papers describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. To subscribe to any of the above series, or to purchase individual publi- cations, please write to: Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135. Email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchang- ing publications may also contact the Bishop Museum Press for more information. BISHOP MUSEUM The State Museum of Natural and Cultural History ISSN 0893-1348 1525 Bernice Street Copyright © 2005 by Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004.
    [Show full text]