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The Lampreys of Bulgaria

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The Lampreys of Bulgaria Folia Zool. – 56(2): 213–224 (2007) The lampreys of Bulgaria Tihomir STEFANOV1, 2 and Juraj HOLČÍK1,* 1 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; *Present address: Drotárska cesta 19, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel Blv., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; e-mail: [email protected] Received 17 January 2007; Accepted 4 June 2007 A b s t r a c t . The lamprey collections of the National Museum of Natural History – Sofia and the Regional History Museum – Ruse were examined in order to determine the species composition of the family Petromyzontidae in Bulgaria. In contrast to the four species of lampreys reported in the scientific literature as being present in Bulgaria, i.e. Lampetra fluviatilis, L. planeri, Eudontomyzon danfordi, and E. mariae, only the latter species was determined in the Bulgarian material. The distribution of this species in Bulgaria is restricted to the Danube River basin. The occurrence of E. hellenicus in the Bulgarian segment of the Struma River basin is anticipated in all probability. The species composition of lampreys inhabiting the streams emptying directly into the Black Sea remains to be investigated. Key words: Petromyzontidae, Eudontomyzon mariae, geographic distribution, Danube River basin, Bulgaria Introduction There are serious gaps in the knowledge of the geographical distribution and the species composition of lampreys in the system of the Danube River and especially in the right tributaries of the Middle and Lower Danube (H o l č í k 1995). Concerning the Bulgarian segment of the Lower Danube, a total of four species of lampreys are reported to occur in Bulgaria according to the ichthyological literature. These are the European brook lamprey – Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784), the European river lamprey – L. fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), the Carpathian lamprey – Eudontomyzon danfordi Regan, 1911, and the Ukrainian brook lamprey – E. mariae (Berg, 1931). K o v a č e v (1923)1 was the first who to publish data on lamprey species from Bulgarian fresh waters. He mentioned two species – Lampetra planeri [as Petromyzon planeri, p. 136] and L. fluviatilis [as P. fluviatilis, p. 136]. Later, M o r o v (1931) in his monograph about the freshwater fishes of Bulgaria simply repeated these two species with the same description and distribution as K o v a č e v . D r e n s k i (1935) studied the lampreys from Danube River and listed two other species for Bulgaria – Eudontomyzon danfordi [as Lampetra danfordi, p. 105] and E. mariae [as L. mariae, p. 106]. D r e n s k i (1948) added L. planeri to the previous two species for the Bulgarian sector of Danube River, but later, he listed only L. planeri and E. danfordi (D r e n s k y 1951). These two species are mentioned also in the paper by M a r i n o v (1978) on the fish fauna of the Bulgarian segment of the Danube River but with doubts as to their correct identification. The Bulgarian Red Book (B o t e v & P e š e v 1985) listed these species L. planeri and E. danfordi as extirpated and this statement is repeated in the monograph of K a r a p e t k o v a & Ž i v k o v (1995) on the fishes in Bulgaria. However, the list of Bulgarian lampreys published by Ž i v k o v et al. (2005) indicates two species, the Carpathian lamprey, E. danfordi, and the Ukrainian 1 Transliteration of the Bulgarian as well as the Russian Cyrillic alphabet follows ISO No. 9 (1955). 213 lamprey, E. mariae. Additionally, V a s s i l e v & P e h l i v a n o v (2005) presented again E. danfordi in both the Danube River and its tributaries Iskar, Vit, Osăm and the Rusenski Lom, as well as L. planeri occurring in the Danube, Iskar and Jantra rivers. However, it needs to be emphasized that all data of these Bulgarian authors are not supported by the analysis of specimens caught in the Bulgarian water bodies. The only lamprey specimens caught in the Bulgarian streams, and investigated and published in the Bulgarian ichthyological literature are from the 60ies of the past century. First K o l a r o v (1960) published the finding of one ammocoete in the Danube River near the town of Lom (Danube river km 747). He determined it to be a Carpathian lamprey, E. danfordi, but he was not sure, since he only had an ammocoete available. Later U n d ž i j a n (1964) found two adult specimens in the Danube River, near Ruse (r. km 494) and again determined them as E. danfordi. It seems that this determination by both authors had been influenced by the statement of B e r g (1948) that E. danfordi “Occurs in the whole Danube River basin” and “Probably it occurs in the Danube proper” (B e r g 1948, p. 32). This claim by Berg has been repeated by V l a d y k o v & K o t t (1979) who wrote (p. 11) that E. danfordi is distributed “throughout the Danube River system, but principally in the River Tisa (Tisza)… ”. It is evident that although lampreys have been known from Bulgaria for a long time, their specific identity is still in doubt. The incorrect identification of adults, and especially of larvae, has resulted in conflicting conclusions. Now, it is well known that the range of E. danfordi is restricted to the Tisza and Timiş rivers (B ă n ă r e s c u 1969, R e n a u d & H o l č í k 1986) and that the distribution of L. planeri and L. fluviatilis is far from Bulgaria (H a r d i s t y 1986a,b). The purpose of this paper is to clarify the species composition and the present status of lampreys in Bulgaria based on the analysis of the lamprey samples examined from Bulgarian institutes. Material and Methods All the lamprey material collected from Bulgaria and deposited in the National Museum of Natural History – Sofia (NMNHS; institutional code follows K o t t e l a t 1997) as well as in the Regional History Museum – Ruse (RHM-R) has been examined. A total of 11 adults and 5 ammocoetes collected in Bulgarian waters have been investigated (Fig.1, the numbers on the map refer to those in the following text). Adults. 1) RHM-R 558: Danube River, near Ruse, 27.03.1962, 1 male, Tl (total length) 141.9 mm (determined as E. danfordi by E. Undžijan); RHM-R 557: Danube River, near Ruse, 28.03.1962, 1 female, Tl 144.4 mm (determined as E. danfordi by E. Undžijan); 2) NMNHS 327/3: Osăm River, near Levski Railway station, 25.10.1930, 1 male, Tl 142.7 mm (determined as E. mariae by P. Drenski); 3) NMNHS 326/11: Osăm River, near Kolejca village, 23.02.1930, 1 female, Tl 135.8 mm (determined as E. mariae by P. Drenski); 4) NMNHS 326/4: Vit River, near Somovit, 30.03.1930, 1 male, Tl 178.9 mm (determined as E. danfordi by P. Drenski); 5) NMNHS 327/1: Vit River, near Pleven, 30.03.1930, 1 female, Tl 190.5 mm (determined as E. mariae by P. Drenski); NMNHS 327/2: Vit River, near Pleven, 30.03.1930, 1 female, Tl 184.4 mm (determined as E. mariae by P. Drenski); 6) NMNHS 326/3: Zlatna Panega River, Lukovit District, 25.03.1938, 1 female, Tl 180.1 mm (determined as E. danfordi by P. Drenski); 11) NMNHS 326/7: Rusenski Lom River near Ruse, 1 female, Tl 156.7 mm, NMNHS 326/9: Rusenski Lom River near Ruse, 1 male, Tl 132.3 mm; NMNHS 326/10: Rusenski Lom River near Ruse, 1 female, Tl 138.6 mm (all caught on 24.10.1929 and determined as E. danfordi by P. Drenski). 214 Fig. 1. Map of distribution of lampreys in Bulgaria, according to the literature (○; exact locations are not known) and samples from the museum collections investigated (●). Ammocoetes. 7) RHM-R 556: Danube River, near Lom, 13.06.1959, Tl 158.9 mm (determined as E. danfordi by E. Undžijan); 8) NMNHS 326/12: Osăm River, near Levski Railway station, 25.10.1930, Tl 141.1 and 126.7 mm; 9) NMNHS 326/8: Rusenski Lom River, near Ruse, 24.10.1929, Tl 126.1 mm; 10) NMNHS (uncatalogued): Danube River, near Ruse, October 2005, Tl 165.6 mm. Fig. 2. A. Evaluated pigmentation areas of ammocoete (according to R e n a u d 1982): 1 – upper lip, 2 – between upper lip and cheek, 3 – cheek, 4 – subocular, 5 – upper prebranchial, 6 – lower prebranchial, 7 – upper branchial, 8 – lower branchial. B. Tongue precursor showing 1 - the bulb and 2 - the elastic ridge (after V l a d y k o v et al. 1975). 215 The counts (oral disc dentition, trunk myomeres) and measurements were made according to the scheme developed by V l a d y k o v & F o l l e t t (1958) and generally adopted by recent authors (H o l č í k 1986a). Terminology of the disc teeth and velar tentacles follows Vladykov & Follett (1967) and Vladykov & Kott (1976), respectively. Measurements were made on the left side of the specimens and were taken with mechanical calipers to 0.1 mm.
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