Introduction Chapter 1: the Churches in 1900
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Notes See the Bibliography for full bibliographical details of publications cited here. Official Church records are cited fully in the Notes, but the following abbrevia tions should be noted: MCM Irish Methodist Conference Minutes MCR Irish Methodist Conference Reports JGS lournal of the General Synod of the Church of Ireland GAM Presbyterian General Assembly Minutes GAR Presbyterian General Assembly Reports Introduction 1. Daly, 'A Vision of Ecumenism in Ireland', p. 15. 2. Berger, 'Against the Current', p. 32. 3. Bowen, History and the Shaping of Irish Protestantism, p. 459. 4. See Munson, The Nonconformists, pp. 191-6. 5. McCaughey, Memory and Redemption, p. 26. 6. Akenson, God's Peoples, p. 354. 7. Davis, 'Nelson Mandela's Irish problem', p. 50. 8. See my Humphrey Gibbs, pp. 126, 156. 9. Dunlop, A Precarious Belonging, p. 144. 10. Daly, op. cit, p. 23. 11. This is the theme in Clayton, Enemies and Passing Friends. Chapter 1: The churches in 1900 - an anatomy 1. Quoted in Bullock, After Sixty Years, p. 125. 2. Colley, Britain: Forging the Nation, p. 369. 3. Bell, Randall Davidson, p. 232; Davidson was Bishop of Rochester (Canterbury from 1903). 4. Noll, A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada, p. 311. 5. Witness, 17 August 1900. 6. Free Church Year Book and Official Report... 1900, p. 17. 7. Stewart, The Narrow Ground, p. 113. 8. Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, published his In Darkest England, and a Way Out in 1890. 9. John Wesley's revised Prayer Book, used by many Methodists in Ireland, also excluded these items. 10. Seddall, The Church of Ireland, p. 248. 11. Bell, Disestablishment in Ireland and Wales, pp. 195-6. 12. Rutherford, Christian Reunion in Ireland, p. 67. 187 188 The Irish Protestant Churches in the Twentieth Century 13. Bernard, The Present Position of the Irish Church, p. 30. 14. Irish Churchman, 18 December 1914. 15. Ervine, Sir Edward Carson, p. 33. 16. Irish Churchman (17 January 1929) was still tussling with the issue, claiming that in 1885 the Attorney General and Solicitor General had given legal weight to the title. 17. D'Arcy, Adventures of a Bishop, p. 29; he mispells Midleton. 18. Figgis and Drury, Rathmines School Roll, p. 164. 19. Acheson, A History of the Church of Ireland, p. 256; as he ruefully says, Tt remains to be seen what effect the regrettable decision to end boarding at Portora from 1995 will have on the episcopate of the future.' 20. Clerical salaries are listed in the Irish Church Directory; see also McDowell, The Church of Ireland, p. 74. 21. Armstrong, My Life in Connaught, p. 265. 22. Birmingham, Pleasant Places, pp. 88-9. 23. Church of Ireland Gazette, 12 May 1961. 24. The Warden, 7 October 1910. 25. Witness, 22 June 1900. 26. Moody and Beckett, Queen's, Belfast, vol II, p. 493. 27. Figures given in Allen, The Presbyterian College, Belfast. 28. Hamilton, History of Presbyterianism in Ireland, p. 33. 29. Barkley, Blackmouth and Dissenter, pp. 13 and 178. 30. Dunlop, A Precarious Belonging, p. 144. 31. Witness, 11 March 1881. 32. Moody, Memories and Musings, p. 212, written in 1938. 33. Witness, 24 January 1902. 34. A Methodist describing the General Assembly: Methodist Newsletter, June 1980. 35. Dunlop, op. cit, p. 8. 36. Moody, op. cit., p. 15. 37. Irish Presbyterian, March 1902. 38. Witness, 2 Jan 1903. 39. Brown, 'Life after Death?', p. 62. 40. The Warden, 11 March 1910; leading English nonconformists like Spurgeon and Parker earned £1,500 and £1,700 respectively: Munson, The Nonconformists, p. 109. 41. Macaulay, 'The Price of our Presbyterianism', p. 6. 42. Ministers could opt to continue to receive the state subsidy during their life-time; almost every minister however 'commuted' - that is agreed that the money should be vested in a church trust fund. 43. Allen, op. cit, Belfast, p. 299. 44. Cooke, 'Church Methodists in Ireland', p. 140. 45. Jeffery, 'Church Methodists in Ireland', p. 75. 46. Rigg, A Comparative View of Church Organisation, p. 207. 47. Christian Advocate, 21 March 1890. 48. MCM, 1905, pp. 108 and 123. 49. Cole, History of Methodism in Ireland, p. 171. 50. Harte, The Road I Have Travelled, p. 99. 51. McCrea, Irish Methodism in the Twentieth Century, p. 28. Notes 189 52. Quoted in Smiley, The Life and Letters of the Revd W. Smiley, p. 79. 53. Troeltsch, The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches, vol. 2, p. 933. 54. See Peter Embly, 'The Early Development of the Plymouth Brethren' in Wilson, Patterns of Sectarianism, ch 7. 55. Harbinson, No Surrender, p. 54. 56. Belfast Telegraph, 13 November 1971: article on the 'Hallalujah Days in the Lough Road [mission] Hall' in Antrim in the 1920s. 57. Historical Sketch of the First Church of Christ, Scientist, Belfast. 58. Thompson, 'The Origin of the Irish Baptist Foreign Mission', p. 19. 59. Dowling, 'A History of the Irish Baptist College', pp. 29-37. 60. Report contained in John Baxter, 'Some Recollections of Cliftonville Moravian Church and Sunday School 1909-24': PRONI T/3582/2. 61. Ibid, p. 4. 62. Ervine, Reminiscences, p. 159. 63. See especially Hatton, The Largest Amount of Good. 64. British Friend, 6th month, 1899, p. 137. 65. Ibid, 1901, p. 138. 66. Ibid, 1899, p. 137. 67. Grubb, Quakers in Ireland, p. 126. 68. Grubb, The Grubbs ofTipperary, p. 141. Chapter 2: The churches and politics, 1900-1922 1. Belfast Newsletter, 20 January 1912. 2. Mackail and Wyndham, Life and Letters of George Wyndham, vol 2, p. 436. 3. Quoted in Ervine, Craigavon: Ulsterman, p. 111. 4. McCarthy, Priests and People in Ireland, p. 7. 5. Ibid, pp. 278-9. 6. Ibid, p. 280. 7. Ibid, pp. 541-60. 8. Larkin, 'Church, State and Nation', p. 1276. 9. Rolleston to Hannay, 12 March 1905; in Rolleston, Portrait of an Irishman, p. 52; he did add that the one thing not absorbed was the Gaelic League. 10. Irish Ecclesiastical Record, vol IX Qanuary-June 1901), p. 262. 11. Ibid, p. 374. 12. See Sybil Baker, 'Orange and Green: Belfast 1832-1912', p. 800. 13. McDowell and Webb, Trinity College, Dublin, p. 367. 14. Quoted in Patterson, 'Independent Orangeism', p. 8. 15. Witness, 3 January 1902. 16. Jackson, 'Irish Unionism and the Russellite Threat', p. 403. 17. Corkey, The McCann Mixed Marriage Case, pp. 14-15; see also his autobi ography, Glad Did I Live; also Lee, 'Intermarriage, Conflict and Social Control in Ireland'. 18. J.B. Armour to his son, 9 February 1911: in McMinn, Against the Tide, p. 87. 19. Harte, The Road I Have Travelled, p. 92. 20. Holmes and Urquart, Coming into the Light, p. 98. 21. Lee, op. cit., p. 17; 'Moral panics', he suggests, 'can be thought of as collective expressions of moral indignation.' 190 The Irish Protestant Churches in the Twentieth Century 22. Witness, 14 January 1910. 23. The Warden, 21 January 1910. 24. Report dated 4 January 1911: in Buckland, Irish Unionism, p. 303. 25. Letter of 29 July 1911: in Ervine, op. cit, p. 185. 26. Stewart, The Ulster Crisis, p. 48. 27. Ulster Echo, 21 December 1911; the papal directive or 'motu proprio' was usually referred to in Ulster as 'Motu Proprio' (the name of the type of directive) rather than by its actual title, Quantavis diligentia. 28. Walker, 'The Irish Presbyterian Anti-Home Rule Convention of 1912', p. 74. 29. Buckland, Irish Unionism, pp. 78-9. 30. Evening Dispatch, 23 May 1893. 31. Walker, op. cit., pp. 75-6. 32. Buckland, op. cit, p. 79. 33. Barron, The God of My Life, p. 105. 34. Ibid, p. 209. 35. Witness, 16 August 1912. 36. Barron, op. cit, pp. 212-16. 37. Belfast Presbytery Minutes, 18 July 1912: PHS. 38. Buckland, op. cit, p. 80; see also full report in Christian Advocate, 15 March 1912. 39. Diary entry by George Riddell, 14 April 1912; in The Riddell Diaries, ed. McEwen, p. 40. 40. Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister, p. 130. 41. JGS, Special Meeting, pp. xlvi-lii. 42. Irish Churchman, 26 April 1912; Church of Ireland Gazette, 12 July 1912. 43. Witness, 28 June 1912. 44. Belfast Newsletter, 8 July 1912. 45. Ibid, 13 July 1912. 46. Irish Churchman, 30 August 1912. 47. Minutes of Ulster Day Committee, 27 August 1912: PRONI D 1327/3/1. 48. Peacocke to Bernard, 1 September 1912: BL Add MS 52782. 49. Ervine, op. cit, p. 235. 50. Moody, Memories and Musings, p. 12. 51. Fermanagh Times, 22 August 1912. 52. The Tunes, 6 May 1913. 5 3. Irish Churchman, 10 October 1913. 54. Hammond, 'The Religious Question in Ireland'. 55. Sykes, Man as Churchman, p. 164. 56. Conroy, Occasional Sermons, Addresses and Essays, p. 133. 57. Belfast Newsletter, 3 December 1889; Balfour was speaking in Glasgow. 58. Hansard, 3rd series, vol xlv (21 January 1897), cols 257-62. 59. Ibid, cols 267-8. 60. Belfast Newsletter, 8 June 1897. 61. Freeman's Journal, 9 June 1897. 62. Hansard, 4th series, vol 1 (9 July 1897), col 1532. 63. 'The Irish University Question', p. 105. Notes 191 64. 'Memorandum on the Irish University Question, written by Mr Haldane at the request of A.J.B.', 20 October 1989: Cabinet Papers, vol xlviii, PRO CAB 37/48, 77. 65. PRO CAB 37/48, 82 (12 November 1898). 66. Salmon to Carson, 21 February 1899: BL Add MS 49709, 100. 67. GAM, 1900, p. 1000; 1901, pp. 85-6; 1902, pp. 289-90. 68. MCM, 1900, p. 88; 1901, p. 92; 1902, p. 104. 69. First Report of the Royal Commission on University Education in Ireland, p.