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Impacto De La Sustitución Del Azúcar De Caña Por Edulcorantes De Alta Intensidad En México Signatura

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Impacto De La Sustitución Del Azúcar De Caña Por Edulcorantes De Alta Intensidad En México Signatura Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México alta intensidad de caña por edulcorantes azúcar de la sustitución del de Impacto Impacto de la sustitución En México, la estructura del mercado de los edulcorantes cambió con la puesta en marcha del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), deto- del azúcar de caña por nando la importación de jarabes de maíz de alta fructosa (JMAF) y colocando parte de los excedentes de azúcar en el mercado norteamericano. A dicha sustitución de azúcar por JMAF se le sumó el incremento del consumo de edul- edulcorantes de alta corantes de alta intensidad. Además, existe una gran cantidad de productos comerciales comestibles que incorporan en su formulación edulcorantes intensidad en México diferentes del azúcar, aprovechando que las personas buscan consumir menos calorías. Sin embargo, las normas de etiquetado no especican con claridad el tipo de edulcorante usado ni los posibles riesgos a la salud que implica su Alberto Santillán Fernández consumo. Cabe señalar que la agroindustria cañera en México enfrenta una Luis Ramiro García Chávez competencia desleal al estar sometida bajo grandes campañas que buscan Nehemías Vásquez Bautista reducir el consumo de azúcar, vinculado éste a los problemas de obesidad y Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés dejando de lado los riesgos que conlleva el consumo de edulcorantes de alta intensidad. En este libro se analiza dicha problemática y se proponen alternati- Mario Melgar Morales vas para enfrentar los efectos de la sustitución de azúcar de caña por otros Willian Pereira edulcorantes. De no existir una estrategia en ese sentido, es posible que la Jesús Eliecer Larrahondo Aguilar industria azucarera siga perdiendo mercado nacional, y al contraerse, se afec- Agustín Merino García ten miles de empleos por el cierre de ingenios. UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA CHAPINGO Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México Signatura Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en Mé- xico / A. Santillán-Fernández, L. R. García-Chávez, N. Vásquez-Bautista, V. H. Santoyo-Cor- tés, M. Melgar-Morales, W. Pereira, J. Larrahondo-Aguilar, A. Merino-García A. Chapingo, Estado de México. México: Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 2017. 478 p., 23 cm ISBN: 978-607-12-0449-3 1. azúcar / 2. edulcorantes / 3. etanol / 4. biocombustibles Estudio desarrollado en el marco de los Fondos Sectoriales SAGARPA – CONACyT Proyecto S0007-2014-01 con número 000000000250028, convocatoria 2014-01, Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar con título: Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México Coordinación editorial: Alberto Santillán Fernández Revisión de estilo: Gloria Villa Hernández Diseño y formación: Ana G. Guzmán Rodríguez y Alfonso Martínez Acosta Diseño de cubierta: Alfonso Martínez Acosta Alberto Santillán Fernández Mario Melgar Morales Luis Ramiro García Chávez Willian Pereira Nehemías Vásquez Bautista Jesús Eliecer Larrahondo Aguilar Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés Agustín Merino García Agradecimientos Primera edición: enero 2017 ISBN: 978-607-12-0449-3 D.R.© Alberto Santillán Fernández, Luis Ramiro García Chávez, Nehemías Vásquez Bautista, Vinicio Horacio Santoyo Cortés, Mario Melgar Morales, Willian Pereira, Jesús Eliecer Larrahondo Aguilar, Agustín Merino García D.R. © Universidad Autónoma Chapingo km 38.5 carretera México-Texcoco, Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México, C.P. 56230 Tel: 01 (595) 952-15-00 ext. 5142 Correo electrónico: [email protected] Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la reproducción, total o parcial de esta obra ni el al- macenamiento en un sistema informático, ni la transmisión de cualquier forma o cualquier medio electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, registro u otros medios sin el permiso previo y por escrito de los titulares del copyright. Impreso en México. Presentación Este libro es producto del proyecto 000000000250028 titulado Impacto de la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México, que se enmarca como tema estratégico transversal: Edulcorantes-Caña de azúcar del Fondo Sectorial de Investigación en Materias Agrícola, Pecuaria, Acuacultura, Agrobiotecno- logía y Recursos Filogenéticos que comparten la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación y el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolo- gía (FONSEC SAGARPA-CONACYT). Responde a la necesidad de conocer con certeza el efecto sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes de alta intensidad en México, para evaluar el impacto económico de este efecto en la agroindustria azucarera y proponer alternativas que minimicen el riesgo de pérdidas para productores de caña e industriales, mediante esquemas de diversificación de usos de la caña de azúcar en el país. Pretende facilitar la toma de decisiones para aprovechar las áreas de oportu- nidad del mercado de los edulcorantes y el potencial de diversificar el uso de la caña, cumpliendo con lo establecido en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2013-2018 en el Objetivo 3.5. Hacer del desarrollo científico, tecnológico y la innovación, pilares para el progreso económico y social sostenible; y el Programa Sectorial de Desarrollo Agrope- cuario, Pesquero y Alimentario 2013-2018, en el Objetivo 1. Impulsar la productivi- dad en el sector agroalimentario mediante inversión en capital físico, humano y tecnoló- gico que garantice la seguridad alimentaria y Estrategia 1.1. Orientar la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico a generar innovaciones aplicadas al sector agroalimentario que eleven la productividad y competitividad. En este sentido, se definió como objetivo del estudio:Establecer el nivel de sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes no calóricos disponibles en México, el efecto de la creciente demanda de biocombustibles como el etanol, de la industria de los polímeros biodegradables, para evaluar el impacto económico en la agroindustria azuca- rera en México. Esta obra se estructura a partir del reconocimiento del estado del arte de los edulcorantes, que conduce al análisis de las diferentes clasificaciones que la literatura científica y de divulgación hacen respecto de éstos, sus usos principales y los riesgos que representan para la salud de la población que consume edulcorantes. En el Capítulo 2 se analiza la evolución y situación reciente del sector de los edulcorantes a nivel internacional y nacional, y detectar así los principales competido- res del azúcar de caña desde su producción, consumo y comercio. En el Capítulo 3 se cuantifican los niveles de sustitución del azúcar de caña por otros edulcorantes en la industria de bebidas, alimentos, confitería y medicamentos, para estimar el impacto económico de dicha sustitución y las tendencias de mercado, lo que permite proponer Prólogo acciones de política que den un nuevo impulso a la competitividad de esta agroindustria. La Red de valor de la industria de edulcorantes en México se analiza en el Capítulo 4, para conocer cómo se relacionan los proveedores, consumidores, compe- tidores y complementadores en el país. Escribir un libro sobre la sustitución del azúcar de caña por edulcorantes La cuantificación de esos cambios permite inferir sobre los posibles escena- de alta intensidad en México no fue tarea fácil si se considera que es un tema que rios de mercado en donde participa el azúcar de caña, el jarabe de maíz de alta fruc- relaciona tanto aspectos agrícola-industriales como de salud, del cual existe escasa tuosa (JMAF) y los edulcorantes de alta intensidad o dietéticos. Identificar las tenden- información, desde el concepto mismo “edulcorante”. Sin embargo, el compromiso cias en el consumo de los diferentes edulcorantes posibilita la definición de políticas como profesores investigadores nos motivó a plasmar en esta obra las experiencias de de expansión, contracción y/o diversificación de la agroindustria cañera de México, investigación en caña de azúcar y edulcorantes distintos a la sacarosa; nos hemos dado en temas como la producción de etanol a partir de caña de azúcar. En virtud de ello, a la tarea de realizar un estudio del arte para definir, en primera instancia, el concepto en los capítulos 5, 6, 7 y 8 se analizan el sector agroindustrial cañero nacional y de tres sobre el cual gira el presente trabajo: ¿qué es un edulcorante?, y así establecer los es- referentes mundiales: Brasil, Guatemala y Colombia, respectivamente, con el objetivo cenarios nacionales e internacionales de producción y consumo de éstos; finalmente, de proponer estrategias de diversificación de usos de la caña de azúcar que permitan mediante un análisis de etiquetado de productos endulzados, se establecieron los ni- ampliar el mercado de la caña sin poner en riesgo la actividad agroindustrial por la veles de sustitución de sacarosa por otros edulcorantes de origen diferente. competencia con otros edulcorantes. La obra que usted tiene en sus manos es producto de la suma de es- Finalmente, el Capítulo 9 muestra un análisis de la viabilidad económica fuerzos de investigadores mexicanos, españoles, brasileños y guatemaltecos. En de producir etanol en México, como una alternativa para hacer frente a la inminente él se plasma tan solo una parte del trabajo que se desarrolló durante todo contracción en el consumo per cápita e industrial del azúcar de caña. un año, con al apoyo financiero recibido por parte de los Fondos Sectoriales La publicación
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