DOCSLIB.ORG

El Sentimiento De Culpa En La Publicidad De Productos Light Y Sus Implicaciones Éticas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
El Sentimiento De Culpa En La Publicidad De Productos Light Y Sus Implicaciones Éticas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales El sentimiento de culpa en la publicidad de productos Light y sus implicaciones éticas T E S I S Que para obtener el título de: Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación Presenta: Lucía Irena Mejía Cruz Asesora: Lic. Virginia Rodríguez Carrera Cd. Universitaria, D. F. 2008 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales El sentimiento de culpa en la publicidad de productos Light y sus implicaciones éticas por Lucia Irena Mejia Cruz Asesora: Lic. Virginia Rodríguez Carrera Tesis para obtener el título de Lic. en Ciencias de la Comunicación Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales Abril, 2008 II Agradecimientos La realización de esta tesis fue un proceso largo pero divertido. Aprendí muchas cosas nuevas y diferentes. Sobre todo, me di cuenta de cuán capaz puede ser uno con la motivación correcta. A pesar de ser un proceso largo y a menudo difícil, hubo muchas personas que facilitaron el camino o me tendieron la mano vez tras vez. Es por esto que quiero darle las gracias a mi asesora Virginia Rodríguez Carrera, quien me aceptó como asesorada a pesar de que aún no tenía ni un tema definido. También a la profesora Adela Mabarak, quien me motivó y me dio el ánimo para cubrir casi la totalidad de este proyecto en menos de un semestre. Agradezco a mis padres por darme el regalo más grande que es el de una educación digna e inculcarme la importancia de una profesión. A mi hermana, Mariángeles quien me esperó demasiadas veces en la biblioteca mientras yo hacía investigación. En especial quiero agradecer a mi esposo, Karl, quien siempre me ha motivado y creído en mi capacidad. Cuando menos ganas tenía de continuar, el me daba la inspiración que faltaba. También le doy las gracias a mi hijo, Bruce quien es ahora la razón por la que busco finalizar esta etapa en mi aprendizaje y comenzar una nueva. A toda mi familia, mil gracias. Los amo. III Índice Introducción…………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Capítulo 1- Publicidad y productos Light………………………………………………… 3 1.1 La creación de los productos Light………………………………………………... 3 1.2 La competencia de productos Light en México………………………………….. 9 1.3 La publicidad en los productos Light……………………………………………… 11 1.3.1 El Ambiente………………………………………………………………………13 1.3.2 Los Modelos……………………………………………………………………...19 1.3.3 Los Productos……………………………………………………………………26 Capítulo II- Ética y publicidad………………………………………………………………27 2.1 Los Estereotipos…………………………………………………………………….. 27 2.2 Ética……………………………………………………………………………………32 2.2.1. Ética Normativa…………………………………………………………………35 2.3 Ética en los consumibles…………………………………………………………… 39 2.4 Las formas estéticas del cuerpo ¿Qué es la belleza?.......................................56 2.5 El cuerpo como producto comercial………………………………………………. 67 2.5.1. Los efectos……………………………………………………………………...69 Capítulo III- El sentimiento de culpabilidad en el consumo de productos Light……...78 3.1 ¿Qué es la culpa?............................................................................................. 78 3.2. La motivación en el consumidor………………………………………………….. 86 3.3 Ejecuciones Publicitarias…………………………………………………………… 97 3.4 Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………… 150 Apéndice A: Listado de Productos Light disponibles en México……………………… 158 Apéndice B: Los Principios [éticos] de la Asociación Mexicana de Agencias Publicitarias (AMAP)……………………………………………………………………………………….172 Bibliografía………………………………………………………………………………….. 176 Revistas y diarios electrónicos…………………………………………………………. 178 Páginas Electrónicas…………………………………………………………………….181 IV Introducción Este proyecto es hecho siguiendo la modalidad de titulación conocida como ‘tesis’. Es una proposición controvertible que se sostiene con razonamientos sobre motivos literarios, artísticos o bien, científicos. Esta presenta un problema o contiene una idea demostrable. En la tesis no existe un tema sino más bien una proposición debido a que el tema se implica en la palabra ‘tesis’. Finalmente, la inferencia lógica se realiza mediante las conclusiones. Esta tesis se divide en tres capítulos, divididos a su vez en apartados. El primero, “Publicidad y productos ‘Light’”. Tiene como fin plantear el contexto de mercado en que se desarrollan los productos en cuestión, su creación, su demanda y los elementos tanto intangibles como tangibles que se conjugan dentro de la publicidad de estos. En el primer apartado se presenta la historia de los productos Light: sus antecedentes, su creación, su introducción en México y su proliferación desde entonces. El segundo apartado se enfoca en la competencia de los productos Light dentro del país, las ideas que generan estos productos, tanto descubrimientos científicos como creaciones de mercadólogos usadas como tácticas para lanzar nuevas marcas. También se mencionan los parámetros legales que debe cumplir un producto para ser Light. En el tercer apartado se habla de la publicidad de los productos Light. Se desglosa el ambiente en el que se generan y subsisten, los modelos (estéticos) que se utilizan para anunciar los productos y después se hace un listado de los principales productos Light que existen en el mercado actual. Dentro de este listado vemos cuándo se crean, su paso a través del mercado y cambios mercadológicos de los mismos. El segundo capítulo, llamado “Ética y publicidad” habla acerca de los recursos estéticos, estereotipos y modas que utiliza la publicidad. Esto se une a la ética, su definición, su aplicación en el mercado de los consumibles y la transformación del cuerpo y la estética como objetos de consumo. 1 El primer apartado del capítulo dos se plantea qué son los estereotipos, qué son, para qué son usados, su empleo dentro de la publicidad y se mencionan algunos estereotipos comunes dentro de la publicidad. El segundo apartado habla acerca de la ética, qué es, las divisiones de la ética y los criterios que conciernen a este estudio. Después se habla de la ética normativa como base para los códigos de ética. El tercer apartado trata de la unión entre la ley y la ética y por tanto de los códigos de ética; cómo son ideados y por qué. Posteriormente se habla del código de ética publicitaria Asociación Mexicana de Agencias Publicitarias (AMAP) y se mencionan los puntos que no se cumplen, de acuerdo al análisis posterior. El cuarto apartado presenta a la estética y la belleza, define ambos conceptos y hace un corto esbozo del cambio del prototipo de belleza aceptado actualmente. También habla de los componentes físicos universales de la belleza tanto para hombres y mujeres. El quinto apartado se refiere a la belleza física como fin y el cuerpo como medio para obtener metas intangibles, el consumo a través de los modelos y las consecuencias que esto tiene tanto en hombres como mujeres. El tercer capítulo se denomina “El sentimiento de culpabilidad en el consumo de productos Light” y desarrolla la psicología de dicha emoción. La diferencia entre otros recursos emotivos en la publicidad y las combinaciones de diversas emociones que existen dentro de selectas ejecuciones publicitarias. Se hablará de la motivación en el consumidor y se situarán los capítulos anteriores dentro del contexto de la publicidad de productos “Light”. Se señalarán elementos como verbales y no verbales dentro de dichas ejecuciones para identificar con claridad a qué sentimientos apelan las instancias planteadas en cada spot. Finalmente, se plantea la conclusión de la investigación y una reflexión acerca del tema. 2 Capítulo I- Publicidad y productos Light 1.1 La creación de los productos Light Los descubrimientos constantes acerca de la alimentación y por consecuencia, de la dieta humana han generado información nueva. Dicha información pronto llega al público y al mercado. Se genera, entonces una serie de productos que corresponden a estos descubrimientos y se abre un nuevo nicho en el mercado. Este fue el caso de los productos Light, los cuales inician como tales en la década de los años ochenta. Sin embargo, su generación data un poco más atrás. Dichos productos son derivados de los llamados ‘alimentos funcionales’. Los alimentos funcionales son aquéllos que pueden proporcionar un beneficio para la salud además de nutrición básica…Algunos ejemplos de estos alimentos incluyen tanto a las frutas y a las verduras como a otros alimentos fortificados y mejorados. Los componentes biológicamente activos que están presentes en los alimentos funcionales proporcionan beneficios a la salud o efectos fisiológicos deseables. Los atributos funcionales de muchos de los alimentos tradicionales se están descubriendo, mientras que se están desarrollando nuevos alimentos a partir de componentes benéficos.1 Los ‘alimentos funcionales’ aparecen en el mercado y se desarrollan en tres generaciones: La primera, se inicia en los años setenta. En esta época la población volvió a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pricing: Rarely As It Seems
    30 August 2016 Europe/United Kingdom Equity Research Food Retail Pricing: Rarely as it seems Research Analysts THEME Stewart McGuire, CFA 44 20 7888 6531 [email protected] An in-depth look at UK pricing and inflation Dusan Milosavljevic 44 20 7888 7751 We have undertaken a broad analysis on product pricing and sourcing. Our [email protected] goal is twofold: address many of the inherent flaws found within traditional Specialist Sales: Lindsay Ireland pricing surveys, and contribute hard data to the ongoing debate regarding 44 20 7883 6895 [email protected] inflation after recent sterling weakness. Our analysis reveals the following: ■ We expect almost no impact from sterling devaluation: UK own label sourcing falls within a narrow range of 63% to 75% amongst the 7 major food retailers. These differences would narrow further once branded goods and non-food items are factored into the overall assortment. ■ Sterling weakness is unlikely to affect Aldi / Lidl growth: Both Aldi and Lidl are naturally hedged due to their British-based sourcing. Overall, both retailers came in slightly below the group average for UK sourcing, but both were in the top 3 in the important Meat and Produce categories. ■ Tesco appears most at risk from rising import costs: Tesco scored lowest on our UK-sourcing basket at 63% vs. the group average of 71%. However, Tesco is naturally hedged from sterling weakness due to its international operations (22% of group sales, 29% of EBIT). ■ The convenience premium is much higher than anticipated: Tesco and Sainsbury convenience store prices were between 4.4% and 8.7% higher than their supermarket prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspartame Controversy 1 Aspartame Controversy
    Aspartame controversy 1 Aspartame controversy The artificial sweetener aspartame has been the subject of several controversies and hoaxes since its initial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974. Critics allege that conflicts of interest marred the FDA's approval of aspartame, question the quality of the initial research supporting its safety,[1] [2] [3] and postulate that numerous health risks may be associated with aspartame. The validity of these claims has been examined and dismissed.[4] [5] [6] In 1987, the U.S. Government Accountability Office concluded that the food additive approval process had been followed properly for aspartame.[1] [7] Aspartame has been found to be safe for human consumption by more than ninety countries worldwide,[8] [9] with FDA officials describing aspartame as "one of the most thoroughly tested and studied food additives the agency has ever approved" and its safety as "clear cut".[10] The weight of existing scientific evidence indicates that aspartame is safe at current levels of consumption as a non-nutritive sweetener.[11] History of approval and safety The controversy over aspartame safety originated in perceived irregularities in the aspartame approval process during the 1970s and early 1980s, including allegations of conflicts of interest and claims that aspartame producer G.D. Searle had withheld safety data. In 1996, the controversy reached a wider audience with a 60 Minutes report[12] on concerns that aspartame could cause brain tumors in humans. Around the same time, an unidentified anti-aspartame activist wrote about the subject under a pen name, creating the basis for a misleading and unverifiable hoax chain letter that was spread over the internet.[5] Approval in the United States Aspartame was originally approved for use in dry foods in 1974 by then FDA Commissioner Alexander Schmidt after review by the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of CANDEREL® and the Ameliorative Role of Stem Cell Enhancer on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Albino Rats Eman G.E
    The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2019) Vol. 76 (3), Page 3702-3708 Effects Of CANDEREL® and The Ameliorative Role of Stem Cell Enhancer on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Albino Rats Eman G.E. Helal1*, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz2, Mariam S. El-Gamal1 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University 2Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University *Corresponding author: Eman Helal, email: [email protected], mobile: 00201001025364, orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-7028 ABSTRACT Background: CANDEREL® is non-nutritive artificial sweetener, which is mainly composed of aspartame and acesulfame potassium. Materials and Methods: thirty male albino rats weighing from 100 to 120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; group 1: control, group 2: rats received CANDEREL® (1 tablet/25kg b.w./day) and group 3: rats received CANDEREL® (1 tablet/25kg b.w./day) + SCE (9 mg/kg b.w./day). The following parameters were measured: serum glucose, ASAT, ALAT, serum creatinine, serum urea, protein and lipid profiles and hormonal levels (insulin, testosterone, serum T3 and serum T4). Results: there were many disturbances that occurred in the previous parameters, and SCE ameliorated most of these hazardous effects. Conclusion: artificial sweeteners are not safe in use; their disadvantages are more than their advantages. So, we recommended replacing non-nutritive sweeteners with nutritive ones to be away from any hazardous effects that may result from the use of artificial sweeteners. Also, SCE made a great job in fighting the impairments that occur during the experiment. Keywords: CANDEREL®, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, stem cell enhancer, ASAT, ALAT, T3, T4, testosterone, insulin.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT IS ASPARTAME? It Is Also Found in Beverages (Sodas, Americans Love to Eat
    ASPARTAME here’s no mistaking it: WHAT IS ASPARTAME? It is also found in beverages (sodas, Americans love to eat. Enjoying juices, flavored waters), dairy products Aspartame consists of the amino good food with good company (light yogurt, low-fat, flavored milk), T acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine, nutrition bars, desserts (sugar-free is one of life’s great pleasures. And which are building blocks of protein, puddings and gelatins, light ice cream, yet, frequent over-indulgences and is about 200 times sweeter than popsicles), chewing gum, sauces, syrups can have a detrimental impact on sugar. When ingested, it is broken down and condiments. Some prescription conditions like obesity and type 2 into these amino acids and a small and over-the-counter medications diabetes, which take a substantial amount of methanol, a compound that and chewable vitamins may contain toll on individuals, communities and is naturally found in foods like fruits and aspartame to increase palatability. our healthcare system. Replacing vegetables. Just like sugar, aspartame Aspartame is not well-suited for foods foods and beverages high in calories contains 4 calories per gram. However, that require baking for a long time at and added sugars with ones that are because aspartame is much sweeter high temperatures, so it’s not commonly lower in sugar is one option to help than sugar, very little is needed in foods used in most baked goods. reduce intake of excess calories. In and beverages to match the sweetness turn, this may help reduce the risk of provided by sugar. This keeps the obesity and related chronic diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
    Cancer Research UK Bladder Cancer Group BLADDER CANCER PROGNOSIS PROGRAMME Incorporating ‘SELENIB’ TRIAL Protocol (BCPP 2005-01) FINAL VERSION 9.0 June 2019 PLEASE DESTROY ALL PREVIOUS DRAFTS BCPP MREC APPROVAL: 23rd November 2005 BCPP START DATE: 7th December 2005 SELENIB MREC APPROVAL: 20th September 2006 SELENIB START DATE: 17th July 2007 A programme of research Conducted by: Funded by: CONTACTS Chief Investigator BCPP Study Office Dr Richard T Bryan Ben Abbotts, Trial Co-ordinator Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Room G26, Robert Aitken Building, University of Birmingham Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Edgbaston University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT Edgbaston Tel: 0121 414 7870 Birmingham B15 2TT Email: [email protected] Tel: 0121 415 8836 Fax: 0121 415 8837 Email: [email protected] Other Investigators Ms Sarah Pirrie Professor ND James CR UK Institute for Cancer Studies The Institute for Cancer Research University of Birmingham London Biostatistician Lead Oncologist Professor KK Cheng Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics University of Birmingham Dr N Deshmukh University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Pathologist Mr P Patel University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Lead Urologist Professor MP Zeegers NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre The Netherlands Genetic Epidemiologist Bladder Cancer Prognosis Programme Protocol, FINAL VERSION 9.0 June 2019 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND
    [Show full text]
  • Narrowing the Gap Between Tax Law and Accounting Humayun Chaudhary a DISSERTATION SUBMITTED to the FACULTY of GRADUATE STUDIES I
    Narrowing the Gap between Tax Law and Accounting Humayun Chaudhary A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO July 2019 © Humayun Chaudhary, 2019 ABSTRACT Accounting income and taxable income are both designed to capture the economic activities of an entity based on their own rules and assumptions. Despite all the differences in reporting objectives and measurement methods, accounting income forms the starting point for determining taxable income. This suggests that much of accountants’ use of consistency and matching principles flows through to the legal measure of taxable income. This thesis argues that the principles in some select areas of financial reporting can be sanctioned more explicitly and enacted into the Income Tax Act (ITA) in determining the taxable income of corporations. It also recommends a new reporting schedule that requires taxpayers to disclose greater reconciliation between accounting and taxable incomes in a limited number of areas subject to any statutory or legal provisions to the contrary. The book–tax income gap can be divided into two components: a conceptual gap in computing income or profit and a second gap arising from policy-based deductions and/or aggressive tax planning. The conceptual gap is mostly due to different rules for the calculation of income based on section 9 of the ITA and case law in contrast to the rules for calculating book income based on accounting principles, such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The second type of gap arises due to policy-based deductions in the ITA that may allow for more or less generous deductions or write-offs compared to accounting rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Calorie High-Intensity Sweeteners Riaz Khan, Vincent Aroulmoji
    Low Calorie High-Intensity Sweeteners Riaz Khan, Vincent Aroulmoji To cite this version: Riaz Khan, Vincent Aroulmoji. Low Calorie High-Intensity Sweeteners. International journal of advanced Science and Engineering, Mahendra Publications, 2018, 5, 10.29294/ijase.5.2.2018.934-947. hal-03093639 HAL Id: hal-03093639 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03093639 Submitted on 4 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Vol.5 No.2 934-947 (2018) 934 E-ISSN: 2349 5359; P-ISSN: 2454-9967 Low Calorie High-Intensity Sweeteners Riaz Khan1., Vincent Aroulmoji2 1Rumsey, 6 Old Bath Road, Sonning, Reading, England, UK 2 Mahendra Engineering Colleges, Mahendra Educational Institutions, Mahendhirapuri, Mallasamudram - 637 503, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT: The review on low-calorie, High-intensity Sweeteners (HIS), synthetic and natural, will focus particularly on those sweeteners which have already received approval as food additives from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Federal Drug Administration
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium: Significant Long-Term Growth Supported by Luke Kissam, CEO Increasing Adoption of Electric Vehicles Eric Norris, President | Dr
    Albemarle Investor Day Making the World Safe & Sustainable by Powering the Potential of People December 12, 2019 Welcome & Opening Remarks Dave Ryan Vice President, Corporate Strategy & Investor Relations Forward-Looking Statements Some of the information presented in this presentation, the investor day remarks, and discussions that follow, including, without limitation, information related to outlook and guidance, conversion capacity, production volumes, joint ventures, market trends, pricing, expected growth, earnings and demand for our products, tax rates, dividends, cash flow generation, capital projects, electric vehicle demand, economic trends and all other information relating to matters that are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from the views expressed. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the outlook expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement include, without limitation: changes in economic and business conditions; changes in financial and operating performance of our major customers and industries and markets served by us; the timing of orders received from customers; the gain or loss of significant customers; competition from other manufacturers; changes in the demand for our products or the end-user markets in which our products are sold; limitations or prohibitions on the manufacture and sale of our products; availability of raw materials;
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Artificial and Natural Sweeteners on Various Physiological Systems
    The effects of artificial and natural sweeteners on various physiological systems By Farzana Rahiman Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of (PhD) Doctor of Philosophy in Science at the University of the Western Cape May 2011 Supervisor: Prof E.J Pool Co-supervisor: Prof. J.A Klaasen Abstract The effect of artificial and natural sweeteners on various physiological systems Farzana Rahiman Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape Key words: Artificial sweeteners, natural sweeteners, sugar cane molasses, immune system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercially available natural (sugar cane molasses, white sugar and brown sugar) and artificial (Canderel™, Equal™, Natreen™, Sweetex™, Splenda™ and Swheet™) sweeteners on various physiological systems. The artificial sweeteners tested in this study may be categorised into their respective groups based on their primary ingredient. The brands Canderel™ and Equal™ contain aspartame, Natreen™ and Sweetex™ consist of saccharin and Splenda™ and Swheet™ are composed of sucralose. The inclusion of artificial or natural sweeteners in the human diet has been continually debated and their implication in the development of certain diseases has raised concern regarding their safe use. Therefore, it is necessary that these food products be subjected to a battery of tests to determine adverse effects on human health. Firstly, we investigated the effect of the popular sweetener, sugar cane molasses on the immune system. Whole blood cultures were used to assess the impact of molasses on cytokines regulating specific immune pathways. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was used to determine potential cytotoxicity of sugar cane molasses.
    [Show full text]
  • WHAT IS ASPARTAME? and Their Juices
    ASPARTAME WHAT IS ASPARTAME? and their juices. The amount of in foods that require baking for a long methanol resulting from consuming time because prolonged exposure to Aspartame is a low-calorie an aspartame-sweetened beverage is high temperatures can cause it to lose sweetener that has been used for about five to six times less than that its sweetness. decades as a way to lower one’s intake resulting from the same volume of of added sugars while still providing tomato juice.1 satisfaction from enjoying something Aspartame can be used as an BY THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD INFORMATION COUNCIL sweet. Aspartame is about 200 times ingredient in beverages (such as diet sweeter than sugar, and as such only sodas, light or low-sugar juices and a small amount of the sweetener flavored waters), dairy products (such is needed to match the sweetness as light yogurt and low-fat flavored provided by sugar. In tabletop packets milk), nutrition bars, desserts (such and prepared foods and beverages, as sugar-free puddings and gelatins, aspartame is often blended with other light ice cream and popsicles), sweeteners or food components to chewing gum, sauces, syrups and minimize bitter flavors and enhance condiments. Aspartame is also found overall taste. in several types of low-calorie tabletop Aspartame consists of two amino sweeteners. The most common brand acids—aspartic acid and phenylalanine. of aspartame tabletop sweetener When ingested, aspartame is broken in the U.S. is Equal®. Brands outside down into these amino acids for use the U.S. include Canderel® (found in in protein synthesis and metabolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorandum and Order March 2, 2007
    Case 2:04-cv-05504-GP Document 152 Filed 03/02/07 Page 1 of 64 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA MERISANT COMPANY, : CIVIL ACTION Plaintiff, : : vs. : : McNEIL NUTRITIONALS, LLC, AND : McNEIL-PPC, INC. : : Defendants. : NO. 04-5504 Gene E.K. Pratter, J. Memorandum and Order March 2, 2007 Merisant Company, Inc. (“Merisant”) alleges that McNeil Nutritionals, LLC and McNeil- PPC, Inc. engaged in false and misleading advertising in violation of Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125, and in violation of the Pennsylvania common law of unfair competition. The parties have engaged in extensive discovery activities, leading to their submission of various summary judgment motions as well as dueling Daubert motions. Specifically, the McNeil parties have filed a motion for summary judgment, and Merisant moves for partial summary judgment seeking to preclude McNeil from presenting an affirmative defense of “unclean hands.” In addition, Merisant and McNeil have each filed a motion alleging that testimony from one or more of the opposing party’s expert witnesses is inadmissible under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence and pursuant to Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S. Ct. 2786, 125 L. Ed. 2d 469 (1993), and its progeny. McNeil filed a motion to exclude the testimony of Dr. James Fisher, and Merisant filed a motion to exclude the Case 2:04-cv-05504-GP Document 152 Filed 03/02/07 Page 2 of 64 testimony of Dr. Steven Munger.1 For the reasons detailed below, the Merisant motion concerning the unclean hands defense will be granted; the remainder of these specific motions will be denied.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Calorie Sweeteners: Roles and Benefits
    Low Calorie Sweeteners: Roles and Benefits Version • September 2013 Introduction This booklet has been developed for Low calorie sweeteners are ingredients used in a growing number of foods and drinks, both in Europe and globally. As healthcare professionals and is designed humans, we have an innate preference for sweet taste. However, with food plentiful in developed countries and more people to provide factual information on low leading sedentary lifestyles, this preference for sweetness is something we need to manage more effectively than ever calorie sweeteners, their characteristics, before. High obesity rates show that more people need to the evidence supporting their safety and focus on active, healthy lifestyles and energy balance – that is, balancing the calories consumed with the calories burned how they can help manage calorie intake. through physical activity. The health and financial impacts of treating obesity are a cause for concern. In recent years there has It is based on publicly available science, been a steady and significant increase in consumer demand for low calorie products. As a result there is growing interest among healthcare professionals and the general public to learn more about low calorie sweeteners, the foods and drinks in which they are found, how they help to reduce calorie with references and contributions from intake and contribute to weight management and improved overall health. internationally recognised experts. Some individuals have claimed that the consumption of one low calorie sweetener in particular, aspartame, is linked to various adverse health effects. These claims have sometimes been amplified by the media, raising concern among some consumers. Numerous regulatory bodies worldwide, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have reviewed the extensive science about aspartame and all have concluded these claims are without substance and that it is a safe food ingredient.
    [Show full text]