The Diffusion and Bastardization of Mordred in Arthurian Legends from Select Works of the Sixth Through the Fifteenth Centuries
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Queen Guinevere
Ingvarsdóttir 1 Hugvísindasvið Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 2 Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Enskudeild Queen Guinevere: A queen through time B.A. Thesis Marie Helga Ingvarsdóttir Kt.: 060389-3309 Supervisor: Ingibjörg Ágústsdóttir June 2011 Ingvarsdóttir 3 Abstract This essay is an attempt to recollect and analyze the character of Queen Guinevere in Arthurian literature and movies through time. The sources involved here are Welsh and other Celtic tradition, Latin texts, French romances and other works from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Malory’s and Tennyson’s representation of the Queen, and finally Guinevere in the twentieth century in Bradley’s and Miles’s novels as well as in movies. The main sources in the first three chapters are of European origins; however, there is a focus on French and British works. There is a lack of study of German sources, which could bring different insights into the character of Guinevere. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the evolution of Queen Guinevere and to point out that through the works of Malory and Tennyson, she has been misrepresented and there is more to her than her adulterous relation with Lancelot. This essay is exclusively focused on Queen Guinevere and her analysis involves other characters like Arthur, Lancelot, Merlin, Enide, and more. First the Queen is only represented as Arthur’s unfaithful wife, and her abduction is narrated. We have here the basis of her character. Chrétien de Troyes develops this basic character into a woman of important values about love and chivalry. -
De Guerreiro a Rei Cristão Nas Fontes Medievais Latinas E Célticas
Brathair 2 (1), 2002: 45-61 ISSN 1519-9053 Artur: De Guerreiro a Rei Cristão nas Fontes Medievais Latinas e Célticas Profa. Ms.Adriana Zierer Doutoranda em História/ UFF [email protected] Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar Artur nas fontes medievais latinas e célticas. É possível perceber que a imagem de guerreiro apresentada por Nennius (c. 800) muda para a de rei cristão a partir da Historia Regum Britanniae (1135-1138), de Geoffrey de Monmouth. Também apresento Artur na literatura céltica (no conto Kuwlch e Olwen), no poema Gododin, de Aneirin (c. 600) e em Preideu Annwvyn (Os Despojos do Outro Mundo), (do século X), sobre uma fracassada viagem de Artur ao Outro Mundo em busca do caldeirão da abundância. Em todas essas narrativas predominam os seguintes aspectos do rei mítico: valentia, generosidade e força, valores estes que continuaram em obras posteriores sobre Artur desenvolvidas na Baixa Idade Média. É também possível perceber que o mito do Graal e sua relação com Artur tem sua origem na literatura céltica. Palavras-chave: Artur, Guerreiro, Rei Cristão Abstract The goal of this paper is to present Arthur in Medieval Latin and Celtic sources. It is possible to perceive that the warrior’s image presented by Nennius (c. 800) changes to the one of a Christian king since Historia Regum Britanniae (1135-1138), by Geoffrey of Monmouth. I also present Arthur in Celtic sources (such as in the tale Kulwch and Olwen), in the poem Gododin, by Aneirin (c. 600) and in Preideu Annwvyn (The Spoils of the Underworld) (10th century), about one failed Arthur’s expedition to the Otherworld in search for the magic cauldron of plenty. -
King Arthur and Medieval Knights
Renata Jawniak KING ARTHUR AND MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS 1. Uwagi ogólne Zestaw materiałów opatrzony wspólnym tytułem King Arthur and Medieval Knights jest adresowany do studentów uzupełniających studiów magisterskich na kierun- kach humanistycznych. Przedstawione ćwiczenia mogą być wykorzystane do pracy z grupami studentów filologii, kulturoznawstwa, historii i innych kierunków hu- manistycznych jako materiał przedstawiający kulturę Wielkiej Brytanii. 2. Poziom zaawansowania: B2+/C1 3. Czas trwania opisanych ćwiczeń Ćwiczenia zaprezentowane w tym artykule są przeznaczone na trzy lub cztery jednostki lekcyjne po 90 minut każda. Czas trwania został ustalony na podstawie doświadcze- nia wynikającego z pracy nad poniższymi ćwiczeniami w grupach na poziomie B2+. 4. Cele dydaktyczne W swoim założeniu zajęcia mają rozwijać podstawowe umiejętności językowe, takie jak czytanie, mówienie, słuchanie oraz pisanie. Przy układaniu poszczegól- nych ćwiczeń miałam również na uwadze poszerzanie zasobu słownictwa, dlatego przy tekstach zostały umieszczone krótkie słowniczki, ćwiczenia na odnajdywa- nie słów w tekście oraz związki wyrazowe. Kolejnym celem jest cel poznawczy, czyli poszerzenie wiedzy studentów na temat postaci króla Artura, jego legendy oraz średniowiecznego rycerstwa. 5. Uwagi i sugestie Materiały King Arthur and Medieval Knights obejmują pięć tekstów tematycznych z ćwiczeniami oraz dwie audycje z ćwiczeniami na rozwijanie umiejętności słucha- nia. Przewidziane są tu zadania na interakcję student–nauczyciel, student–student oraz na pracę indywidualną. Ćwiczenia w zależności od poziomu grupy, stopnia 182 IV. O HISTORII I KULTURZE zaangażowania studentów w zajęcia i kierunku mogą być odpowiednio zmodyfiko- wane. Teksty tu zamieszczone możemy czytać i omawiać na zajęciach (zwłaszcza z grupami mniej zaawansowanymi językowo, tak by studenci się nie zniechęcili stopniem trudności) lub część przedstawionych ćwiczeń zadać jako pracę domo- wą, jeżeli nie chcemy poświęcać zbyt dużo czasu na zajęciach. -
THE HISTORIAN England 932 AD A
THE HISTORIAN England 932 A.D. A Kingdom divided. To the West- the Anglo Saxons, to the East- the French. Above nothing but Celts and some people from Scotland. In Gwynned, Powys, and Dyfed - Plague. In the kingdoms of Wessex, Sussex, and Essex and Kent - Plague. In Mercia and the two Anglias - Plague: with a 50% chance of pestilence and famine coming out of the Northeast at twelve miles per hour. Legend tells of an extraordinary leader, who arose from the chaos, to unite a troubled kingdom ... A man with a vision who gathered Knights together in a Holy Quest. This man was Arthur, King of the Britons ! And so, King Arthur gathered more Knights together, bringing from all the corners of the Kingdom the strongest and bravest in the land to sit at the Round Table. The strangely flatulent Sir Bedevere… The dashingly handsome Sir Galahad ...The homicidally brave Sir Lancelot ... Sir Robin the Not-quite-so-brave-as-Sir- Lancelot ... who slew the vicious chicken of Bristol and who personally wet himself at the Battle of Badon Hill. And the aptly named Sir Not-Appearing-in-this- Show. Together they formed a band whose names and deeds were to be retold throughout the Centuries ... The Knights of the Round Table! KING ARTHUR Hail good sir. I am Arthur, king of the Britons lord and ruler of all of England, and Scotland and even tiny little bits of Gaul. We have ridden the length and breadth of the land in search of knights to join me in my court at Camelot. -
Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart by Chrétien De Troyes
Lancelot, The Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes Translated by W. W. Comfort For your convenience, this text has been compiled into this PDF document by Camelot On-line. Please visit us on-line at: http://www.heroofcamelot.com/ Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart Table of Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................3 PREPARER'S NOTE: ...............................................................................................................................4 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: ...............................................................................................................4 The Translation..........................................................................................................................................5 Part I: Vv. 1 - Vv. 1840..........................................................................................................................5 Part II: Vv. 1841 - Vv. 3684................................................................................................................25 Part III: Vv. 3685 - Vv. 5594...............................................................................................................45 Part IV: Vv. 5595 - Vv. 7134...............................................................................................................67 Endnotes...................................................................................................................................................84 -
Press Release for the Book of Mordred Published by Houghton
New from Houghton Mifflin Books for Children FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Children’[email protected] The famed knight Mordred comes to life in a riveting epic novel, taking another look at his crucial role in the rise and fall of Camelot. The Book of Mordred Written by Vivian Vande Velde # “Vande Velde’s finely crafted diction never falters as the plot builds to its inevitable tragic end.” ––Kirkus Reviews, starred review Dark forces are taking hold in the kingdom of Camelot: King Arthur struggles to keep his knights in line as they steadily divide them- selves into factions; the great Merlin has vanished at the hands of his lover and pupil, Nimue; wizards all over the countryside battle for whatever measures of power they can find. At the center of the mael- strom stands Keira, an innocent girl who possesses the ability to foretell the fate of her world. When Keira is kidnapped from her vil- lage home, her mother, Alayna, flees to Camelot and finds Mordred, an enigmatic knight who will ultimately become Keira’s greatest champion, Alayna’s greatest love, and King Arthur’s greatest enemy. In the tradition of Arthurian legend, Mordred has been characterized as a buffoon, a false knight, and a bloodthirsty traitor. The Book Mordred reveals a mysterious man through the eyes of three woman who love him. This is Vivian Vande Velde’s twenty-fifth book for young readers. She lives in Rochester, New York. More praise for The Book Of Mordred: “[A] richly imagined retelling of traditional lore.”––Booklist “[A]n engrossing read.”––The Bulletin “Fans of traditional Arthurian legend as well as readers unfamiliar with the classic tales should relish this compelling re-imagining of the Arthurian world.”––Voya The Book Of Mordred = August 2005 = Fiction Ages 12 and up = 352 pages = $18.00 = ISBN 0-618-50754-X Available wherever books are sold or by calling 1-800-225-3362 Houghton Mifflin Company • 222 Berkeley Street • Boston, MA 02116 • www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com 1 of 1 Copyright © 2005 Houghton Mifflin Company. -
Introduction: the Legend of King Arthur
Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Professor Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 1 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. 2 Department of History University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Abstract of: “HIC FACET ARTHURUS, REX QUONDAM, REXQUE FUTURUS” THE ANALYSIS OF ORIGINAL MEDIEVAL SOURCES IN THE SEARCH FOR THE HISTORICAL KING ARTHUR Final Paper History 489: Research Seminar Professor Thomas Miller Cooperating Professor: Matthew Waters By Erin Pevan November 21, 2006 The stories of Arthurian literary tradition have provided our modern age with gripping tales of chivalry, adventure, and betrayal. King Arthur remains a hero of legend in the annals of the British Isles. However, one question remains: did King Arthur actually exist? Early medieval historical sources provide clues that have identified various figures that may have been the template for King Arthur. Such candidates such as the second century Roman general Lucius Artorius Castus, the fifth century Breton leader Riothamus, and the sixth century British leader Ambrosius Aurelianus hold high esteem as possible candidates for the historical King Arthur. Through the analysis of original sources and authors such as the Easter Annals, Nennius, Bede, Gildas, and the Annales Cambriae, parallels can be established which connect these historical figures to aspects of the Arthur of literary tradition. -
Writing and Literary Study Spring 2010 the Chivalrous Sir Gawain If
Ahmed 1 Sarin Taslima Ahmed College Writing II: Writing and Literary Study Spring 2010 The Chivalrous Sir Gawain If a man does not open the door for a woman, she may think chivalry is dead or forget that it ever existed at all. Today's woman is not a damsel in distress, but rather stands on equal ground with her masculine counterpart. She has no need to acknowledge that there was ever a time when men lived and died for the sake of honor. However, around 1066 a.d. to 1485 a.d., that was exactly what European knights, and those around the world, did (Achlin). Of these brave soldiers, the most famous were the Knights of the Round Table, subjects of Camelot and King Arthur. Perhaps the most acclaimed knights are dubbed Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain. Lancelot is still known as the greatest of all knights, the perfect knight, but based on Gawain's actions in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by the Pearl Poet and those of Lancelot in The Once and Future King by T.H. White, I've come to the conclusion that Gawain is a greater model of chivalry than Lancelot. Following the code of chivalry, Gawain is faithful to God, his King, and he is respectful to women. Lancelot is very talented, but he does not feel the need to follow the laws of knighthood, and ends up disregarding King Arthur, Queen Guinevere and even God because of it. "Two virtues above all else were held to mark the good knight and bring him honor. -
A Welsh Classical Dictionary
A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’). -
I Am Excalibur by Danny Hatch I Am Excalibur, the Only Truly Innocent
I Am Excalibur by Danny Hatch I am Excalibur, the only truly innocent character in this whole charade. This is due to me having no human drives, desires, addictions, or vices. My real history began when Nimue, the Lady of the Lake, thrust me out of the water to Merlin and Uther Pendragon. Nothing really happened after that until Uther thrust me into the stone, where I resided for seventeen long years. Once Arthur pulled me out, I remained strong, staying by his side until I was broken, in a rare moment of Arthur displaying a rash attitude. I have never broken. In all of my years as a sword, from the beginning of time to that very moment, with Lancelot’s body lying in the river, I have never felt myself break. In all of his confusion, Arthur dropped me into the lake absentmindedly. At this point, I had lost all hope, and was sinking quickly. Suddenly, though, two slimy hands grabbed me, and with a stream of flash and light, I was mended. I have stayed with Arthur through the chivalry, the success, the hate, and the pain, Even if I could not lend him my strength and my blade, I gave him important encouragement while he was dying. Except for now. Now, I lay at the bottom of the lake, discarded, forgotten, gone. I have nothing to comfort me but thoughts of rebirth for both Arthur and myself. He will be back. I know it. And so will I. Invincible by Danny Hatch Winter turns to spring And all the church bells ring. -
King Arthur and the Round Table Movie
King Arthur And The Round Table Movie Keene is alee semestral after tolerable Price estopped his thegn numerically. Antirust Regan never equalises so virtuously or outflew any treads tongue-in-cheek. Dative Dennis instilling some tabarets after indwelling Henderson counterlights large. Everyone who joins must also sign or rent. Your britannica newsletter for arthur movies have in hollywood for a round table, you find the kings and the less good. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Why has been chosen to find this table are not return from catholic wedding to. The king that, once and possess it lacks in modern telling us an enchanted lands. Get in and arthur movie screen from douglas in? There that lancelot has an exchange is eaten by a hit at britons, merlin argues against mordred accused of king arthur and the round table, years of the round tabletop has continued to. Cast: Sean Connery, Ben Cross, Liam Cunningham, Richard Gere, Julia Ormond, and Christopher Villiers. The original site you gonna remake this is one is king arthur marries her mother comes upon whom he and king arthur the movie on? British nobles defending their affection from the Saxon migration after the legions have retreated back to mainland Europe. Little faith as with our other important characters and king arthur, it have the powerful magic garden, his life by. The morning was directed by Joshua Logan. He and arthur, chivalry to strike a knife around romance novels and fireballs at a court in a last tellers of the ends of his. The Quest Elements in the Films of John Boorman. -
Yvain and Gawain
Yvain and Gawain anon a fourteenth century Middle English verse romance, based upon Chrétien de Troyes’ twelfth century Arthurian story of the Knight of the Lion Translated and retold in Modern English prose by Richard Scott-Robinson This story has been translated and retold from: Mary Flowers Bras- well, 1995. Sir Perceval of Galles, and Yvain and Gawain. Medieval Institute Publications. TEAMS Middle English texts. The text is tak- en from the only surviving copy in British Library MS Cotton Galba E.ix, dated to the early-fifteenth century. Copyright © Richard Scott-Robinson, 2002, 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. The download of a single copy for personal use, or for teaching purposes, does not require permission. [email protected] Yvain and Gawain anon, retelling a story by Chrétien de Troyes fourteenth century Middle English, retelling a twelfth century Old French romance ere bigyns Ywain and Gawain · Almyghti God that made mankyn · He schilde His servandes out of syn H· And mayntene tham with myght and mayne · That herkens Ywayne and Gawayne · Thai war knightes of the Tabyl Rownde · Tharfore listens a lytel stownde – Almighty God, who made mankind, shield us from sin and keep safe in your protection all who listen to this story of Yvain and Gawain. They were knights of the Round Table, therefore listen for a moment. Arthur, the King of England, who conquered all of Wales and all of Scotland, as the book says – and many other The romance of Yvain and Gawain is a lands, if you will look – was the finest of all knights.