Lolita De Vladímir Nabókov: Anàlisi De Les Dues Interpretacions Cinematogràfiques

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Lolita De Vladímir Nabókov: Anàlisi De Les Dues Interpretacions Cinematogràfiques Lolita de Vladímir Nabókov: Anàlisi de les dues interpretacions cinematogràfiques Alexandra Vilana Peralba Tutor/a: Damià Alou Seminari 206-B: Traducció Literària Curs 2017-2018 ABSTRACT Vladimir Nabokov was a Russian-American writer from the second half of the 20th century, most famous for his novel Lolita, and admired for his lyrical descriptions, experimental style and well-thought out plots. Stanley Kubrick, in 1962, and Adrian Lyne, in 1997, brought the novel to life in two cinematographic adaptations with a very dissimilar vision. The purpose behind this study is to, first of all, determine in which way they have portrayed the main structural points of the novel and how this shapes the main characters’ personalities. Second of all, it aims to expose the motivation and intentions that caused the directors to make executive decisions about different aspects of their adaptations. This essay is based on the results extracted from extensive research into the work and style of the author and two directors, along with an exhaustive study of Nabokov’s Lolita and the cinematographic adaptations. Having completed this study, the results proved that the director’s vision alters the final product: Kubrick’s adaptation accentuates Nabokov’s humour, leaving behind the psychology behind it, while Lyne focuses on maintaining the original structure, but chooses to victimize his version of Humbert and sexualize the female characters. Overall it becomes apparent that the authors procured three different versions of Lolita. “For me a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall bluntly call aesthetic bliss, that is a sense of being somehow, somewhere, connected with other states of being where art (curiosity, tenderness, kindness, ecstasy) is the norm.” -Vladímir Nabókov, 1955 TAULA DE CONTINGUTS 1. INTRODUCCIÓ .................................................................................................................... 1 2. MARC TEÒRIC .................................................................................................................... 2 3. INTRODUCCIÓ ALS AUTORS .......................................................................................... 4 3.1. Vladimir Nabókov ........................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Stanley Kubrick ............................................................................................................... 9 3.3. Adrian Lyne................................................................................................................... 12 4. ANÀLISI DE L’OBRA ....................................................................................................... 14 4.1. Breu introducció a l’obra............................................................................................... 14 4.2. Estructura de l’obra ....................................................................................................... 14 4.3. Caracterització dels personatges ................................................................................... 17 5. ADAPTACIÓ CINEMATOGRÀFICA ............................................................................... 23 6. COMPARACIÓ ENTRE LA NOVEL·LA I LES ADAPTACIONS CINEMATOGRÀFIQUES ...................................................................................................... 26 6.1. Lolita (1962) de Stanley Kubrick .................................................................................. 26 6.1.1. Tema i gènere ......................................................................................................... 26 6.1.2. Estructura ................................................................................................................ 26 6.1.3. Personatges ............................................................................................................. 27 6.1.4. Paralel·lismes i diferències ..................................................................................... 32 6.2. Lolita (1997) de Adrian Lyne ....................................................................................... 39 6.2.1 Tema i gènere .......................................................................................................... 39 6.2.2. Estructura ................................................................................................................ 39 6.2.3 Personatges .............................................................................................................. 40 6.2.4. Paralel·lismes i diferències ..................................................................................... 44 7. COMPARACIÓ DE LES TRES OBRES ............................................................................ 49 8. CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................. 58 9. BIBLIOGRAFIA ................................................................................................................. 60 10. ANNEXOS ........................................................................................................................ 61 10.1. Marcadors estructurals de les tres obres ......................................................................... 61 10.1.2. Lolita, Vladímir Nabókov (1955) ......................................................................... 61 10.1.2. Lolita, Stanley Kubrick (1962) ............................................................................. 61 10.1.3. Lolita, Adrian Lyne (1997) ................................................................................... 62 1. INTRODUCCIÓ Lolita, la reconeguda obra de l’escriptor rus Vladímir Nabókov, és una de les novel·les més importants del segle XX i, com a conseqüència, un clàssic nord-americà modern. L’èxit editorial d’aquesta obra es deu en gran part a la polèmica que envolta la història, a l’estil característic de Nabókov, ple d’ironies, referències culturals i jocs de paraules, i a la seva estètica summament elaborada i lírica. Tanmateix, les dues adaptacions cinematogràfiques, sobretot la primera, van acabar de consolidar la notorietat de la novel·la. Aquesta reflexió, acompanyada de la fascinació i l’afecte personal per la tràgica història, em van portar a qüestionar-me de quina manera s’han traslladat les paraules de l’escriptor rus a la cinta cel·luloide de les dues adaptacions cinematogràfiques existents: la primera per part del director Stanley Kubrick, l’any 1962 i la posterior del director anglès Adrian Lyne, l’any 1997. Aquest treball té tres propòsits. En primer lloc, pretén esbrinar fins a quin punt les dues versions cinematogràfiques han estat fidels a la història de la novel·la. Comprovar si s’han respectat els marcadors estructurals que donen cos a l’obra, i si s’ha fet, com s’han tractat. En segon lloc, estudiar la motivació i la intenció dels dos directors a l’hora de produir les seves adaptacions. Finalment, analitzar, un per un, els personatges principals i esbrinar les semblances i les diferències entre les tres versions. Respecte a la metodologia utilitzada, per tal de poder arribar als objectius exposats, ha estat necessari un anàlisi exhaustiu de les tres obres per separat i en conjunt, tot buscant els punts claus, és a dir, els marcadors estructurals, i fent una comparació de com s’han traslladat. A causa de l’extensió i la diversitat de l’obra dels tres creadors, aquest estudi pot servir com a base d’altres anàlisis més extenses. En els apartats següents s’introduirà un marc teòric amb la intenció d’exposar la base teòrica de la qual partirà l’anàlisi de les tres obres. Un cop presentada la idea d’adaptació i de marcador estructural, que serveix com a base del treball, s’introdueix una contextualització dels trets més característics de l’estil dels tres autors i de la seva obra. A més d’una introducció al context històric que va donar forma i va condicionar les dues adaptacions cinematogràfiques. Per tal de poder estudiar els paral·lelismes i les diferències entre les tres composicions es presenten tres anàlisis diferents. Per últim, es presenta una comparació dels tres estudis i les conclusions que resumiran la rellevància dels resultats del treball. 1 2. MARC TEÒRIC Roman Jakobson (1959) en el seu article On Linguistic Aspects of Translation distingeix tres tipus de traducció segons la manera com s’interpreti el signe verbal: la traducció intralingüística, que consisteix en la interpretació dels signes verbals amb altres signes de la mateixa llengua; la traducció interlingüística, que es basa en la interpretació dels signes verbals en una altra llengua; i, la traducció intersemiòtica o transmutació, on els signes verbals s’interpreten amb signes d’altres sistemes, que no tenen per què ser verbals. D’acord amb aquesta classificació, el trasllat d’un text literari a un text cinematogràfic o audiovisual és el resultat d’una traducció intralingüística, ja que la llengua no varia i també d’una traducció intersemiòtica perquè s’introdueixen altres signes no lingüístics, propis dels textos audiovisuals, que tal com indica el seu nom inclouen: el so (àudio) i la imatge (visual). Tanmateix, alguns investigadors, com Hermans (1995), creuen que la divisió tripartida de Jakobson és insatisfactòria, ja que normalment només s’utilitza el terme traducció quan es fa referència a la segona classe, la traducció interlingüística. Per tal d’evitar l’extrapolació del mot traducció, Hermans (1995) va plantejar l’ús del terme
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