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La Auctoritas En El Pensamiento De Santo Tomas De Aquino

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La Auctoritas En El Pensamiento De Santo Tomas De Aquino Serie Investigación Publicó el documento La paz sobre la mesa con las agendas de las diversas partes involucradas en el conicto colom- biano (revista Cambio, 1998); escribió la Consultoría Internacional de la LA AUCTORITAS POLÍTICA EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE Reforma Política en Colombia (Minis- SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO terio del Interior, noviembre de 1999); junto con Gerard Martin publicó los libros Participación y forta- La autoridad política guía los destinos de Miguel Ceballos Arévalo nació en lecimiento institucional a nivel local en millones de seres humanos. Todos los días Bogotá en octubre de 1966. Decano Colombia (Bogotá, 2001) y Bogotá, de la Escuela de Política de la Univer- anatomía de una transformación: políti- nuestras voluntades son afectadas por las decisiones de personas en quienes reconocemos sidad Sergio Arboleda de Bogotá cas de seguridad ciudadana 1995-2003 (primer periodo: 2009-2010; segundo “autoridad”, pero, ¿qué es la autoridad?, ¿cuál es su (Bogotá, 2004). En 2008 hizo parte periodo: julio de 2013 hasta hoy). de la Comisión de Ajuste Institucio- origen?, ¿por qué la obedecemos? El presente Viceministro de Justicia de Colombia nal, que diseñó la Reforma Política libro invita al lector a buscar las respuestas a estos Serie Investigación (enero 2009 - agosto 2010). Director que fue aprobada en 2009. Entre interrogantes en el pensamiento de uno de los del Instituto de Derechos Humanos y 2009 y 2010 participó activamente en más grandes lósofos de todos los tiempos, Tomás Derecho Internacional Humanitario el diseño y gestión para aprobación de de Aquino, para quien el ejercicio de la auctoritas de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda dos reformas constitucionales y más tiene una doble función, por un lado educa y por (desde 2010 hasta hoy). de cinco leyes. En 2011 hizo parte del otro dirige, guía y gobierna. equipo que diseñó la Estrategia de Es abogado de la Universidad Javeria- Seguridad para Centroamérica como La propuesta de Tomás lleva a considerar que el LA AUCTORITAS POLÍTICA na, con maestría en Filosofía Política; parte de un esfuerzo del BID y la Summa Cum Laude de la Universi- fundamento más profundo de la autoridad, está en POLÍTICA EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE SANTO TOMÁS AQUINO Sica. Ha publicado diversos artículos dad Gregoriana de Roma; candidato que los seres humanos podemos ser “principio de a doctorado en Derecho de la Univer- en revistas y periódicos nacionales e EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE la instrucción y el gobierno” de otros, sidad Sergio Arboleda. Fue director internacionales. En diciembre de constituyéndonos de esta manera, en “causa del 2013 publicó el libro La llegada del jurídico de la Universidad Javeriana; bien” en aquellos a los cuales debemos instruir y SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO fundador y director del Instituto de dragón junto con Noemí Sanín AUCTORITAS Posada, el cual aborda el tema del gobernar. Derechos Humanos y Relaciones LA litigio limítrofe entre Colombia y Internacionales de la Universidad Nicaragua por el archipiélago de San Javeriana; secretario ejecutivo de la Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. Comisión de Conciliación Nacional, entidad facilitadora de Paz en Colombia. Director general del Programa Colombia, de la Universi- Miguel Ceballos Arévalo dad de Georgetown en Washington D. C., cargo en el que promovió las políticas de seguridad ciudadana en más de 14 ciudades colombianas. LA AUCTORITAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO Miguel Ceballos Arévalo Ceballos Arévalo, Miguel La Auctoritas en el pensamiento de Santo Tomás de Aquino / Miguel Ceballos Arévalo – Bogotá: Universidad Sergio Arboleda. Escuela de Política y Relaciones Internacionales, 2014. 160 p. ISBN: 978-958-8745-73-2 (rústica) 1. FILOSOFÍA POLÍTICA 2. PODER (FILOSOFÍA) 3. TOMÁS DE AQUINO, SANTO – PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO 4. TOMÁS DE AQUINO, SANTO – PENSAMIENTO POLÍTICO 189 ed. 21 LA AUCTORITAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE SANTO TOMÁS DE AQUINO ISBN: 978-958-8745-73-2 (rústica) ISBN: 978-958-8745-72-5 (.pdf) © Miguel Ceballos Arévalo © Universidad Sergio Arboleda Escuela de Política y Relaciones Internacionales Edición: febrero de 2014 Fondo de Publicaciones de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda Queda prohibida toda reproducción por cualquier medio sin previa autorización escrita del editor. El contenido del libro no representa la opinión de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda y es responsabilidad del autor. Edición: Yadira Caballero Quintero Carlos Andrés Caho Rodríguez Calle 74 No. 14-14 Teléfono: (571) 325 7500 ext. 2131/2260 www.usergioarboleda.edu.co Bogotá, D.C. Directora de Publicaciones Científicas: Yadira Caballero Quintero [email protected] Director del Fondo de Publicaciones: Jaime Arturo Barahona Caicedo [email protected] Impresión: Digiprint Bogotá, D.C. CONTENIDO PRÓLOGO .......................................................................................7 INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................... 13 SECCIÓN PRIMERA .................................................................... 17 CAPÍTULO I EL CONCEPTO DE AUCTORITAS EN EL CRISTIANISMO PRIMITIVO .................................................... 19 Etimología y evolución del término .................................................. 19 Etimología ...................................................................................... 19 Significado ...................................................................................... 21 Evolución ........................................................................................24 El concepto de auctoritas en el derecho romano ..............................24 El derecho privado .......................................................................26 La auctoritas y el usus ......................................................................26 Auctoritas tutoris ..............................................................................26 Obligatio auctoritatis .........................................................................26 Secundus auctor ................................................................................27 El derecho público ........................................................................27 El concepto de auctoritas en la Edad Media ...................................28 La auctoritas como authenticus .........................................................29 La auctoritas como potestas, imperium, iussum ................................... 31 La auctoritas en la Sagrada Escritura ................................................32 La auctoritas en la tradición patrística ...............................................35 CAPÍTULO II LA AUCTORITAS EN EL CRISTIANISMO MEDIEVAL ..........49 El siglo XI.........................................................................................49 Europa a principios del siglo XI .....................................................49 La reforma gregoriana ................................................................... 51 La querella de las investiduras ........................................................54 El siglo XII .......................................................................................56 El primer cuarto de siglo ................................................................56 El conflicto entre güelfos y gibelinos ..............................................58 Iglesia e Imperio en la segunda mitad del siglo XII .......................59 La auctoritas en el pensamiento de san Bernardo ..............................63 La teoría de las dos espadas ...........................................................63 San Bernardo en la obra de Tomás de Aquino ..............................65 CAPÍTULO III LA AUCTORITAS EN EL DECRETUM GRATIANI O CONCORDIA DISCORDANTIUM CANONUM ..............................67 El Decretum y la auctoritas ...................................................................67 El Decretum en la obra de Tomás de Aquino .....................................72 SECCIÓN SEGUNDA ...................................................................75 CAPÍTULO I LÍNEAS FUNDAMENTALES DE LA FILOSOFÍA POLÍTICA DE TOMÁS DE AQUINO ........................................77 La sociabilidad natural del hombre .................................................78 La familia .......................................................................................80 La ciudad ........................................................................................82 El bien común temporal .................................................................83 La naturaleza y el significado de la política .....................................85 La prudencia política ......................................................................86 La ciencia política ...........................................................................88 Los regímenes políticos ...................................................................89 CAPÍTULO II EL FUNDAMENTO METAFÍSICO DE LA AUCTORITAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE TOMÁS DE AQUINO .................93 La auctoritas divina como fundamento de la auctoritas humana ........93 La participación del hombre en el gobierno divino y el problema del origen de la auctoritas ............................................97 El hombre como partícipe del gobierno divino ..............................97 4 El origen de la auctoritas ..................................................................99 Comentario a las Sentencias de Pedro Lombardo ...........................99 El origen ....................................................................................
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