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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,945,856 B2 Leahy Et Al
US007945856B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,945,856 B2 Leahy et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 17, 2011 (54) SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR ENABLING (56) References Cited USERS TO INTERACT IN A VIRTUAL SPACE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Dave Leahy, Oakland, CA (US); Judith 4.414,621 A 11/1983 Bown et al. Challinger, Santa Cruz, CA (US); B. 4,441,162 A 4, 1984 Lillie 4493,021 A 1/1985 Agrawal et al. Thomas Adler, San Francisco, CA (US); 4,503,499 A 3, 1985 Mason et al. S. Mitra Ardon, San Francisco, CA 4,531,184 A 7/1985 Wigan et al. (US) 4,551,720 A 11/1985 Levin 4,555,781 A 1 1/1985 Baldry et al. (73) Assignee: Worlds.com, Inc., Brookline, MA (US) (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 CA 2242626 C 10, 2002 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 12/353,218 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Andrew Reese et al., Kesami Air Warrior, http://www. (22) Filed: Jan. 13, 2009 atarimagazines.com/startv3n2/kesamiwarrior.html, Jan. 12, 2009. (Under 37 CFR 1.47) (Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner — Kevin M Nguyen US 2009/0228.809 A1 Sep. 10, 2009 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Anatoly S. Weiser, Esq.; Acuity Law Group Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/591.878, filed on The present invention provides a highly scalable architecture Nov. -
Downloads/Documents/Tvpn-VW Primer-V1Q308.Pdf
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Piyathasanan, B., Mathies, C., Wetzels, M., Patterson, P. and de Ruyter, K. (2015). A Hierarchical Model of Virtual Experience and Its Influences on the Perceived Value and Loyalty of Customers. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 19(2), pp. 126-158. doi: 10.1080/10864415.2015.979484 This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17773/ Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2015.979484 Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] A HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF VIRTUAL EXPERIENCE AND ITS INFLUENCES ON CUSTOMER PERCEIVED VALUE AND LOYALTY Abstract Many businesses use virtual experience (VE) to enhance the overall customer experience, though extant research offers little guidance for how to improve consumers’ VE. This study, anchored in activity theory, examines key drivers of VE and its influences on value perceptions and customer loyalty. -
Cyber-Synchronicity: the Concurrence of the Virtual
Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material via Text-Based Virtual Reality A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeffrey S. Smith March 2010 © 2010 Jeffrey S. Smith. All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality by JEFFREY S. SMITH has been approved for the School of Media Arts and Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by Joseph W. Slade III Professor of Media Arts and Studies Gregory J. Shepherd Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT SMITH, JEFFREY S., Ph.D., March 2010, Mass Communication Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality (384 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Joseph W. Slade III This dissertation investigates the experiences of participants in a text-based virtual reality known as a Multi-User Domain, or MUD. Through in-depth electronic interviews, staff members and players of Aurealan Realms MUD were queried regarding the impact of their participation in the MUD on their perceived sense of self, community, and culture. Second, the interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic analysis through which the nature of the participant’s phenomenological lived experience is explored with a specific eye toward any significant over or interconnection between each participant’s virtual and material experiences. An extended analysis of the experiences of respondents, combined with supporting material from other academic investigators, provides a map with which to chart the synchronous and synonymous relationship between a participant’s perceived sense of material identity, community, and culture, and her perceived sense of virtual identity, community, and culture. -
Correlating the Effects of Flow and Telepresence in Virtual Worlds: Enhancing Our Understanding of User Behavior in Game-Based Learning
CITATION: Faiola, A., Newlon, C., Pfaff, M., & Smysolva, O. (2013) Correlating the effects of flow and telepresence in virtual worlds: Enhancing our understanding of user behavior in game-based learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1113-1121. (Elsevier) Correlating the effects of flow and telepresence in virtual worlds: Enhancing our understanding of user behavior in game-based learning Anthony Faiola a , Christine Newlon a, Mark Pfaff a, Olga Smyslova b a Indiana University, School of Informatics (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA b Kaiser Permanente, USA ABSTRACT Article history: Recent research on online learning suggests that virtual worlds are becoming an important environment Available online xxxx to observe the experience of flow. From these simulated spaces, researchers may gather a deeper under- standing of cognition in the context of game-based learning. Csikszentmihalyi (1997) describes flow as a Keywords: feeling of increased psychological immersion and energized focus, with outcomes that evoke disregard Flow for external pressures and the loss of time consciousness, issuing in a sense of pleasure. Past studies sug- Telepresence gest that flow is encountered in an array of activities and places, including those in virtual worlds. The Human–computer interaction authors’ posit that flow in virtual worlds, such as Second Life (SL), can be positively associated with Virtual worlds degrees of the cognitive phenomenon of immersion and telepresence. Flow may also contribute to a bet- Gaming Online learning ter attitude and behavior during virtual game-based learning. This study tested three hypotheses related to flow and telepresence, using SL. Findings suggest that both flow and telepresence are experienced in SL and that there is a significant correlation between them. -
Exploring Telepresence in Virtual Worlds
Exploring Telepresence in Virtual Worlds Dan Zhang z3378568 A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Information Systems and Technology Management UNSW Business School March 2018 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Zhang First name: Dan Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: School of Information Systems and Technology Management Faculty: UNSW Business School Title: Exploring telepresence in virtual worlds Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Virtual worlds, as the computer-based simulated environments incorporating various representations of real-world elements, have great potential to not only transform the structures and operation modes of various industries but also change the way people work, do business, learn, play, and communicate. However, the existing sharp distinctions between virtual worlds and the real world also bring critical challenges. To address these challenges, the concept of telepresence—the user’s feeling of ‘being there’ in the virtual environments—is adopted as it is considered a direct and essential consequence of a virtual world’s reality. To cultivate this feeling, it is essential to understand what factors can lead to telepresence. However, some literature gaps on telepresence antecedents impede the understanding of telepresence antecedents and affect the adoption of the telepresence construct in the design of virtual worlds. To address these issues, this study explores the concept of telepresence in the context of virtual worlds. Specifically, by adopting means-end chain (MEC) theory, the study aims to investigate the antecedents of telepresence; to reveal the inter-relationships among these antecedents by building a hierarchical structure; and to develop an innovative approach for user segmentation to understand in-depth individual differences in perceiving telepresence. -
The Final Demonstration of the Xerox 'Star' Computer, 1981
...... Computer .... History Museum The Final Demonstration of the Xerox ‘Star’ Computer, 1981 Recorded: June 17, 1998 Palo Alto, California CHM Reference number: 102737965 © 2015 Computer History Museum The Final Demonstration of the Xerox ‘Star’ Computer, 1981 Peter Nurkse: I think we’re about ready to begin. Seating has sorted itself out. I’d like to welcome you. I’m Peter Nurkse and I’m from Sun Microsystems, and with Jeanie Treichel, also of Sun, we’ve had a computer history talk series for the last five years. Our very first program, five years ago, back in April, 1993, was right here in this auditorium, on early computing at Livermore. And the total number of people present, including the speakers and the entire audience, was twenty. [Laughter] But this was a very distinguished audience, because right there in the front row, in two seats in the center, we had Gordon Bell and Donald Knuth, sitting side by side, sort of like hardware and software together. [Laughter] So we’ve had five years of programs since then. In the last couple of years we’ve joined forces with the Computer History Museum at Moffett Field, which has the world’s largest collection of computer hardware, over 100 tons of computer hardware. [Laughter] I might say that our second program, after that distinguished first program, was on the 20th birthday of the Ethernet, back in May of 1993, again a PARC occasion, although we held it at Sun, that program. John Shoch was one of the speakers, who also suggested this program here tonight. -
Towards Collection Interfaces for Digital Game Objects
“The Collecting Itself Feels Good”: Towards Collection Interfaces for Digital Game Objects Zachary O. Toups,1 Nicole K. Crenshaw,2 Rina R. Wehbe,3 Gustavo F. Tondello,3 Lennart E. Nacke3 1Play & Interactive Experiences for Learning Lab, Dept. Computer Science, New Mexico State University 2Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine 3HCI Games Group, Games Institute, University of Waterloo [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Figure 1. Sample favorite digital game objects collected by respondents, one for each code from the developed coding manual (except MISCELLANEOUS). While we did not collect media from participants, we identified representative images0 for some responses. From left to right: CHARACTER: characters from Suikoden II [G14], collected by P153; CRITTER: P32 reports collecting Arnabus the Fairy Rabbit from Dota 2 [G19]; GEAR: P55 favorited the Gjallerhorn rocket launcher from Destiny [G10]; INFORMATION: P44 reports Dragon Age: Inquisition [G5] codex cards; SKIN: P66’s favorite object is the Cauldron of Xahryx skin for Dota 2 [G19]; VEHICLE: a Jansen Carbon X12 car from Burnout Paradise [G11] from P53; RARE: a Hearthstone [G8] gold card from the Druid deck [P23]; COLLECTIBLE: World of Warcraft [G6] mount collection interface [P7, P65, P80, P105, P164, P185, P206]. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Digital games offer a variety of collectible objects. We inves- People collect objects for many reasons, such as filling a per- tigate players’ collecting behaviors in digital games to deter- sonal void, striving for a sense of completion, or creating a mine what digital game objects players enjoyed collecting and sense of order [8,22,29,34]. -
Metaverse Roadmap Overview, 2007. 2007
A Cross-Industry Public Foresight Project Co-Authors Contributing Authors John Smart, Acceleration Studies Foundation Corey Bridges, Multiverse Jamais Cascio, Open the Future Jochen Hummel, Metaversum Jerry Paffendorf, The Electric Sheep Company James Hursthouse, OGSi Randal Moss, American Cancer Society Lead Reviewers Edward Castronova, Indiana University Richard Marks, Sony Computer Entertainment Alexander Macris, Themis Group Rueben Steiger, Millions of Us LEAD SPONSOR FOUNDING PARTNERS Futuring and Innovation Center Graphic Design: FizBit.com accelerating.org metaverseroadmap.org MVR Summit Attendees Distinguished industry leaders, technologists, analysts, and creatives who provided their insights in various 3D web domains. Bridget C. Agabra Project Manager, Metaverse Roadmap Project Patrick Lincoln Director, Computer Science Department, SRI Janna Anderson Dir. of Pew Internet’s Imagining the Internet; Asst. International Prof. of Communications, Elon University Julian Lombardi Architect, Open Croquet; Assistant VP for Tod Antilla Flash Developer, American Cancer Society Academic Services and Technology Support, Office of Information Technology Wagner James Au Blogger, New World Notes; Author, The Making of Second Life, 2008 Richard Marks Creator of the EyeToy camera interface; Director of Special Projects, Sony CEA R&D Jeremy Bailenson Director, Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Stanford University Bob Moore Sociologist, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), PlayOn project Betsy Book Director of Product Management, Makena Technologies/There; -
Network Software Architectures for Real-Time Massively-Multiplayer
Network Software Architectures for Real-Time Massively-Multiplayer Online Games Roger Delano Paul McFarlane Degree of Master of Science School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Feb. 02, 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Copyright © 2005 Roger Delano Paul McFarlane. All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my wife, Abaynesta, for her support and encouragement. Undertaking a full-time graduate degree while maintaining full-time employment and trying to be a full-time husband would have been an impossible challenge without your love, patience, and understanding. I love you. To my supervisor, Dr. Jörg Kienzle, I would like to express my thanks for taking on a student with a research area only somewhat related to your own, Software Fault Tolerance, and granting me the latitude to freely explore massively multiplayer game infrastructure. In the course of pursuing my graduate degree and writing this thesis, I was employed by two supportive organizations. To the management of Zero- Knowledge Systems Inc., most notably co-founders Austin Hill and Hammie Hill, I express my profound gratitude for your support and encouragement to pursue my academic goals. Thank you for allowing me the flexibility of schedule to take on a full-time course load and for your understanding and encouragement when the time came for me to move on to other opportunities. I would also like to thank the management of the Ubi.com group at Ubisoft Entertainment Inc. for recognizing the potential of this graduate student with no direct gaming experience and giving me the opportunity to learn from and contribute to your game projects while completing my thesis. -
Analysis of Embodied Conversational Agents in Secondlife for Speech
Analysis of Embodied Conversational Agents in SecondLife for Speech Recognition Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. Wanda R. Moses Certificate of Approval: Cheryl D. Seals Juan E. Gilbert, Chair Associate Professor Professor Computer Science and Software Engi- Computer Science and Software Engi- neering neering Ivan E. Watts George T. Flowers Associate Professor Dean Educational Foundations Leadership and Graduate School Technology Analysis of Embodied Conversational Agents in SecondLife for Speech Recognition Wanda R. Moses A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 18, 2009 Analysis of Embodied Conversational Agents in SecondLife for Speech Recognition Wanda R. Moses Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon the request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. Signature of Author Date of Graduation iii Vita Wanda Moses is a PhD student in the Computer Science and Software Engineering Department at Auburn University. She was born in Charleston, SC on May 2, 1962 to Annie M. and David E. Moses. Ms. Moses received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from South Carolina State University in May 2005. She is currently a graduate research assistant in the Human Centered Computer Lab at Auburn University. Her interests are in Human Computer Interaction, User Interface Design, Adaptive Learning Technologies, Multimodal Interfaces and Spoken Language Systems. -
The Daedalus Project
The Daedalus Project Vol. 2-4 (10/12/2004) by Nicholas Yee (http://www.nickyee.com/daedalus) The Prince and The Pauper: The Transaction of Virtual Capital for Real-Life Currency Very interesting arguments arose from player responses as to their views on the sale and purchase of virtual items, currency and accounts for RL currency. One common argument for the acceptability of these transactions rests on the inherent nature of capitalism. More importantly, some argue that the real underlying transaction is a transaction of time rather than a transaction of virtual items. I have had friends purchase items from EBay and they have been very happy with the result. I have never been involved myself. I find it much more fun to earn the item rather than purchase it. Though, I do think the idea of making a business by selling virtual goods is intriguing and should not be the 'big deal' many game companies have made of it. These goods have value to many and many simply don't have the time to invest to get the items they want. Just like in life, if you have money, why shouldn’t you be able to buy it? [CoH, F, 44] There are some people that are vehemently against the sale of virtual goods for real life money. However, these 'virtual goods' are things that you could get in any case. Merely paying real life money for them indicates to you that your relaxing time after work is worth real life money to you. I have a friend who makes $50,000 annually. -
Massive Multi-Player Online Games and the Developing Political Economy of Cyberspace
Fast Capitalism ISSN 1930-014X Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 2008 doi:10.32855/fcapital.200801.010 Massive Multi-player Online Games and the Developing Political Economy of Cyberspace Mike Kent This article explores economics, production and wealth in massive multi-player online games. It examines how the unique text of each of these virtual worlds is the product of collaboration between the designers of the worlds and the players who participate in them. It then turns its focus to how this collaborative construction creates tension when the ownership of virtual property is contested, as these seemingly contained virtual economies interface with the global economy. While these debates occur at the core of this virtual economy, at the periphery cheap labor from less-developed economies in the analogue world are being employed to ‘play’ these games in order to ‘mine’ virtual goods for resale to players from more wealthy countries. The efforts of the owners of these games, to curtail this extra-world trading, may have inadvertently driven the further development of this industry towards larger organizations rather than small traders, further cementing this new division of labor. Background In the late 1980s, multi-user dungeons (MUDs) such as LambdaMOO were text-based environments. These computer-mediated online spaces drew considerable academic interest.[1] The more recent online interactive worlds are considerably more complex, thanks to advances in computing power and bandwidth. Encompassing larger and more detailed worlds, they also enclose a much larger population of players. The first game in the new category of Massively Multi-player Online Role-playing Games (known initially by the acronym MMORPG and more recently as MMOG) was Ultima Online http://www.uo.com, which was launched over a decade ago in September 1997.