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THE PROBLEM of GENERATIONS As to Be Capable of Choosing Rationally the Form of Government Most Suitable for Himself
HOW THE PROBLEM STANDS AT THE MOMENT 277 forms of historical being. But if the ultimate human relationships are changed, the existence of man as we have come to understand it must cease altogether-culture, creativeness, tradition must all disappear, or must at least appear in a totally different light. Hume actually experimented with the idea of a modification of such ultimate data. Suppose, he said, the type of succession of human generations to be completely altered to resemble that of CHAPTER VII a butterfly or caterpillar, so that the older generation disappears at one stroke and the new one is born all at once. Further, suppose man to be of such a high degree of mental development THE PROBLEM OF GENERATIONS as to be capable of choosing rationally the form of government most suitable for himself. (This, of course, was the main problem I. HOW THE PROBLEM STANDS AT THE MOMENT of Hume's time.) These conditions given, he said, it would be both possible and proper for each generation, without reference A. THE POSITIVIST FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM to the ways of its ancestors, to choose afresh its own particular form of state. Only because mankind is as it is-generation follow• of investigation into his problem. All too often it falls to ing generation in a continuous stream, so that whenever one THEhis lotfirsttotaskdealofwiththe sociologiststray problemsis to toreviewwhichtheallgeneralthe sciencesstate person dies off, another is b-9rn to replace him-do we find it in turn have made their individual contribution without anyone necessary to preserve the continuity of our forms of government. -
50 Achievements in Brewing Science and Technology in 350 Years – Part 1
HISTORY | BRAUWELT INTERNATIONAL 50 achievements in brewing science and technology in 350 years – Part 1 FIRST 250 YEARS | Master brewers, brewery engineers and brew- used for lifting malt bags, driving the malt mill, water pumping and agitating ing scientists have over some 350 years contributed to the develop- a mash kettle. In 1795 it was converted ment of science of botany, biochemistry, laboratory instruments, from single-acting to double-acting, which increased the effect to some engineering and process technology in many ways, e.g. by techni- 35 hp. The steam engine was successful cal improvements, adopting new machinery and new processes. and used as a demonstration piece vis- ited by potential customers for Watt and Boulton, who became main producers MANY OF THESE ACHIEVEMENTS 2. A saccharometer (fig. 1) was used for of many steam engines in England. are well known and often quoted – others metering of wort gravity, known first It was innovative for its time and an less. This paper is an attempt to list 50 brew- example of breweries driving the early ing science achievements in a chronologi- industrial revolution, as it 1) used a cal order, and this mission can be debated, condenser, 2) had a double-acting pis- because some people will value machinery ton, 3) used a centrifugal governor for developments, others barley breeding pro- speed regulation and 4) used a sun and grams, others the resulting beers etc. planet gear to convert the reciprocating The yeast strain Saccharomyces Cerevi- motion of the beam into a rotating mo- siae was used for thousands of years in the tion. -
Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in The
Empire in a Bottle: Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in the British Empire, c.1870-1914 A dissertation presented by Malcolm F. Purinton to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts August 2016 1 Empire in a Bottle: Commodities, Culture, and the Consumption of Pilsner Beer in the British Empire, c.1870-1914 by Malcolm F. Purinton Abstract of Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University August, 2016 2 Abstract The Pilsner-style beer is the most popular and widespread beer style in the world with local variants and global brands all competing in marketplaces from Asia to Africa to the Americas. Yet no one has ever examined why this beer and not another was able to capture the global market for malt beverages. This is important from the point of view of the study of beer as a commodity, but its greater importance is in the way the spread of the Pilsner style serves as a visible, traceable marker for the changes wrought by globalization in an age of empire. Its spread was dependent not only on technological innovations and faster transportation, but also on the increased connectedness of the world, and on the political structures like empires that dominated the world at the time. Drawing upon a wide range of archival sources from Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, and South Africa, this study traces the spread in consumption and production of the Pilsner in the British Empire between 1870 and 1914. -
Family Tree Maker
Ancestors of Mary Ruth Wilson Parents Grandparents Gr-Grandparents 2nd Gr-Grandparents 3rd Gr-Grandparents 4th Gr-Grandparents 5th Gr-Grandparents 6th Gr-Grandparents 7th Gr-Grandparents 8th Gr-Grandparents 9th Gr-Grandparents 10th Gr-Grandparents George Wilson b: 1729 in Tyrone County, Ireland m: 1749 in Staunton, Augusta County, VA d: Feb 1777 in Quibbletown, New Jersey John Wilson b: 1753 in Staunton, VA m: 25 Oct 1775 d: 23 Sep 1799 in Mason County, Kentucky Elizabeth McCreary George Wilson b: 28 Dec 1778 m: 05 Oct 1798 in Mason County, Kentucky d: 1828 in Lewis County, Kentucky John Swearingen b: Dec 1721 in Prince Georges, MD m: 15 Sep 1748 in Frederick, MD d: 13 Aug 1784 in Concord, Fayette Co., PA Drusilla Swearingen b: 07 Nov 1758 in Frederick, MD d: 1826 in Maysville, Mason Co., KY John Stull Cary Wilson b: 03 Nov 1812 in Adams County, OH m: 08 Dec 1836 in Lewis County, KY d: 01 Apr 1883 in Lafayette, IL Catherine Stull b: Abt. 1731 in Hagerstown, MD d: Abt. 1830 in Springhill Twp., Fayette, PA Martha ? Hugh Evans d: 1807 in Highland County, Ohio Sophia Evans b: 1784 in Pennsylvania d: 1851 in Lewis County, Kentucky George Thomas Wilson b: 14 Sep 1837 in Lewis County, KY m: 17 Jul 1867 in Lafayette, IN Levina Simpson d: 1902 in Des Moines, IA - Source, Greta Brown Thomas Thompson b: in Kentucky Abigail Thompson b: 08 Jan 1815 in KY d: 13 Oct 1859 in Lewis County, KY Charles Edward Wilson b: 12 Oct 1878 in Putnam County, Illinois Mary m: 02 May 1901 in Des Moines, IA d: 08 Oct 1953 in Clear Lake, IA John Longley b: 13 Jun 1782 in New York, New York d: 26 Nov 1867 in Indiana Ella Longley b: 10 Jun 1838 in Yorktown, IN d: 01 Jun 1912 in Des Moines, IA Thomas Wayne Wilson b: 20 Sep 1907 in Des Emily Huntington Moines, Polk, Iowa m: 20 Sep 1930 in Des Moines, IA d: 26 Jun 1972 in Cincinnati, Hamilton, OH Thomas Harry Hawthorne b: Abt. -
2015 BJCP Beer Style Guidelines
BEER JUDGE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM 2015 STYLE GUIDELINES Beer Style Guidelines Copyright © 2015, BJCP, Inc. The BJCP grants the right to make copies for use in BJCP-sanctioned competitions or for educational/judge training purposes. All other rights reserved. Updates available at www.bjcp.org. Edited by Gordon Strong with Kristen England Past Guideline Analysis: Don Blake, Agatha Feltus, Tom Fitzpatrick, Mark Linsner, Jamil Zainasheff New Style Contributions: Drew Beechum, Craig Belanger, Dibbs Harting, Antony Hayes, Ben Jankowski, Andew Korty, Larry Nadeau, William Shawn Scott, Ron Smith, Lachlan Strong, Peter Symons, Michael Tonsmeire, Mike Winnie, Tony Wheeler Review and Commentary: Ray Daniels, Roger Deschner, Rick Garvin, Jan Grmela, Bob Hall, Stan Hieronymus, Marek Mahut, Ron Pattinson, Steve Piatz, Evan Rail, Nathan Smith,Petra and Michal Vřes Final Review: Brian Eichhorn, Agatha Feltus, Dennis Mitchell, Michael Wilcox TABLE OF CONTENTS 5B. Kölsch ...................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION TO THE 2015 GUIDELINES............................. IV 5C. German Helles Exportbier ...................................... 9 Styles and Categories .................................................... iv 5D. German Pils ............................................................ 9 Naming of Styles and Categories ................................. iv Using the Style Guidelines ............................................ v 6. AMBER MALTY EUROPEAN LAGER .................................... 10 Format of a -
Oktoberfest: More Than a Wedding Party | Serious Eats Oktoberfest: More Than a Wedding Party
3/30/2021 Oktoberfest: More Than a Wedding Party | Serious Eats Oktoberfest: More Than a Wedding Party LISA GRIMM Munich's Oktoberfest began not as a beer festival, but with a royal wedding—on October 12, 1810, Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, and Bavaria rejoiced—after all, he would not be forced to abdicate for another 38 years (after an aair with renowned Irish actress/dancer/courtesan Lola Montez )—and everyone in Munich was invited by the Bavarian National Guard to enjoy the ve-day party. The eld in which most events were held became known as Theresienwiese, in honor of the princess. In fact, it was so much fun (and remuneratively rewarding for Munich's city fathers) that it was decided to celebrate the royal couple's anniversary each year in similar style. The initial draw for the annual festivities was not the beer, but the horse racing—in fact, food and drink stalls did not become standard practice until 1818. Things did not really become organized until the late nineteenth century, when some of the other instantly familiar elements of Munich's Oktoberfest arrived to the party—wearing traditional lederhosen and dirndls began in 1887 . While these other changes were taking place, beer (which had been served from informal tents and stalls for many years, occasionally as a highlight, but often as just part of the scenery) began to move to the fore. Beginning in 1896, Munich's major breweries began ocially sponsoring semi-permanent beer halls ; only beer brewed within the city limits was allowed to be served. -
Filtration Article
BREWING HISTORY Of Spaten and Sedlmayrs The appliance of science to brewing methods It was two hundred years 1589 – this would have been akin to modernisation programme, which ago this year that a selling beer to Harrods! Much of this culminated in the introduction of relatively straightforward success was due to Sedlmayr’s steam power in 1844 – the first use of brewery purchase in a readiness to encompass some of the a steam engine in a brewery outside ‘new technology’ that was being of Britain. A year later and the two southern German city developed in other parts of Europe, brothers went their separate ways initiated a series of events but, as we shall see, this was only the when Gabriel II bought out his that were to transform the beginning of the family’s attainments brother, who then promptly engaged European brewing scene and their significance in the brewing upon his own brewing venture in the totally and irrevocably. fraternity. city becoming owner of the Leist Sedlmayr had two sons, Gabriel Brewery, which eventually merged jnr.and Josef, who themselves with the famous Franziskaner By Ian Hornsey became brewers, and who assumed Brewery which had been founded in control of the brewery when Gabriel 1363 ‘next to the Franciscans’. snr. died in 1839. The two brothers In those days, aspiring brewers in or it was in 1807 that one Gabriel were as dynamic as their father had Bavaria were required to undertake a FSedlmayr, Hofbraümeister to the been, and, over the next five years, two-year apprenticeship, followed by Bavarian Royal Court, took over the the brewery was the focus of a a period working as a ‘journeyman Spaten Brewery in Munich, and so RIGHT: This 1839 heralded the beginning of one of the daguerreotype shows world’s great brewing dynasties. -
BEER FLIGHT $24 Sampler of Eight Loma Beers
BEER FLIGHT $24 Sampler of eight Loma beers boys club warren peace Middle out midnight idol American Lager Kölsch Vienna Lager Black Lager ABV: 4.3% IBU: 13 SRM: 3.2 FG: 2.6 ABV: 4.9% IBU: 25 SRM: 3.8 FG: 2.7 ABV: 4.5% IBU: 30 SRM: 10.8 FG: 3.2 ABV: 4.8% IBU: 26 SRM: 23.7 FG: 3.7 Grist: Pilsner, Flaked Corn, Flaked Rice Grist: Pilsner, Vienna, Pale Wheat Grist: Vienna, Pilsner, Munich I, Munich Grist: Pilsner, Munich I, Carafe Special II Hops: Tettnanger Hop: Hallertauer Mittelfrüh II, Carafa Special II Hops: Hallertaur Mittelfrüh Ales have been brewed in the US with Kölsch is one of the few traditional Ger- Hops:Tettnanger, Hallertauer Mittelfruh Black lager or Schwarzbier dates back to adjuncts, like corn, since the late 16th man ales still brewed in Germany today. In Vienna lager is one of the few beer styles the 14th century in southern Germany. century, but it was German immigrants response to the lager revolution in the late with documented origins that can be Centuries before refrigeration, this beer that started to use the local ingredients 1800s, the brewers in Cologne started to traced back to the first brewer to ever was fermented cool in deep caves to give it to make pale lagers similar to what they lighten the beer using modern pale malt make it: Anton Dreher in 1841. Dreher a smooth, rich, low ester profile from the made in Europe. Rice became a popular and smooth it out using new lagering tech- and his contemporary, Gabriel Sadlmayer yeast. -
Historic Preservation Commission Agenda
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION AGENDA Wildwood City Hall – Community Room 16860 Main Street - Wildwood, Missouri Thursday, June 28, 2018 – 7:00 p.m. I. Welcome And Roll Call II. Opening Remarks By Chair Wojciechowski III. Approval Of The Historic Preservation Commission May 24, 2018 Meeting Minutes Documents: III. DRAFT HPC MTG MINUTES_5-24-18.PDF IV. New Business a. Ready For Action – Four (4) Items 1. Action On A Demolition Request Of A Commercial Structure And A Residential Dwelling Located Upon The Property At 18130 Manchester Road (Locator Number 24X240081). Zoning Authorization For Demolition Of The 3,150 Square-Foot Commercial Structure (Formerly Schott’s Pontiac Sales And Garage) And The Bungalow, Received By The Department On 5/24/2018, Is Pending Utility-Disconnect Letters. Date Of Construction Of The Building Is Stated As 1921, According To St. Louis County Department Of Revenue – Assessor’s Office Records, Requiring The Commission’s Review, Given The Dwelling Is In Excess Of 75 Years Of Age. (Ward Six) Documents: IV.A.1. DEMOLITION REQUEST_18130 MANCHESTER ROAD SITE VISIT NOTES.PDF 2. Update On 2018 Work Program Of The Historic Preservation Commission Documents: IV.A.2. WORK PROGRAM UPDATE FOR JUNE 28, 2018 MEETING.PDF 3. Discussion On Display Boards For Presentations And Special Events (Wards – All) Documents: IV.A.3. DRAFTS OF DISPLAY BOARDS.PDF 4. Review Of Final Draft Of Next Chapter In Wildwood Written History For Celebrate Wildwood Booklet (Wards – All) Documents: IV.A.4. FINAL DRAFT OF NEXT CHAPTER IN WILDWOOD WRITTEN HISTORY - 1860-1919.PDF b. Not Ready For Action – No Items V. -
BJCP Style Flashcards C
BJCP Style Flashcards c. 2011 By Thomas Barnes Some rights reserved: permission is granted to copy this text for personal and non-profit educational purposes This study aid covers all the beer styles which might be on the BJCP exam. It presents the BJCP guidelines in a tabular form, with each sensory descriptor in its own column, with one beer substyle per page. Information from the guidelines has been lightly edited to make it fit. Information in italics, other than headers, is my own and has been added only where there are serious gaps in the guidelines. Styles marked with an asterisk (*) are those which might appear as all-grain recipes on question T14. 1A. Lite American Lager Aroma Appearance Malt Hops Yeast Other Color Clarity Head Size Color Persistence Intensity: None-Low None-Low None-Low Pale Straw-Pale Yellow V. Clear White Seldom persists Character: Grainy, Sweet or Light, spicy Frothy Corn-like or floral Optional: Green apple (acetylaldehyde), DMS, Fruitiness (Esters) Unacceptable: Diacetyl Flavor Mouthfeel Malt: Hop Yeast Balance Finish Overall Body Carbonation Texture Astringency Other Bitterness Flavor Intensity: Low Low None-Low None-Low Balanced V. Light Very High Character: Slightly malty- Crisp, dry Slight Slightly bitter carbonic bite Optional: Grainy or Slight acidity or Watery Corn-like dry “sting” sweetness from high carbonation Unacceptable: Diacetyl, Strong Fruitiness flavors OG: 1.028 - 1.040 FG: 0.998 - 1.008 ABV: 2.8 - 4.2% IBU: 8 - 12 SRM: 2 - 3 Overall Impression: Very refreshing and thirst quenching. Comments: A lower gravity and lower calorie beer than standard international lagers. -
Amber Lagers
Amber Lagers The two basic types of beers are ales and lagers. Ales are fermented at warmer temperatures with yeast that thrives at those temperatures and that do most of their work at the top of the fermentation tank, hence the term "top fermenting" is used when discussing ales. Lagers, on the other hand, utilize yeast that work at cooler temperatures and do most of their fermenting near the bottom of the tank, hence the term "bottom fermenting" is applied to lagers. The origins of modern lagers date to Austria (Vienna) in the early nineteenth century. Anton Dreher is credited with brewing the very first lager in 1836. Prior to that time, all beers being brewed were ales, but Dreher was able to isolate a strain of yeast that fermented at lower, lager temperatures and created a beer that was brewed entirely with that yeast. His creation eventually became the Vienna Lager. German brewers quickly adopted Dreher's creation and brewed Vienna lagers in Bavaria for years, though very few Vienna lagers can be found in Europe today. In the late nineteenth century, German brewers started brewing the Marzen, or Oktoberfest style of beer which quickly became more popular than the Vienna Lager. German brewers also created a dark, rich lager known as the Munich Dunkel which is still popular in Bavaria and through many parts of the world today. Food Pairings Amber Lagers are wonderful beers to drink on cool, Fall days. Their malty richness and pleasant, sweet flavors also tend to pair well with a variety of foods. -
English Abstracts Austria-(Hungary) in Istanbul I. – Agstner/Samsinger
English abstracts Austria-(Hungary) in Istanbul I. – Agstner/Samsinger Rudolf AGSTNER – Elmar SAMSINGER The old friendship between Austria and Turkey: A Profile. Rudolf AGSTNER „In such a manner the Imperial Court […] will for the first time find itself in possession of a legation building in Constantinople […]” The Palazzo di Venezia in Constantinople as I.R. Internontiature and I & R. Embassy to the Sublime Porte 1799 – 1918 and the Palais in Yeniköy as summer residence of the I. & R. Embassy 1899 – 1918 Rudolf AGSTNER “[…] to look after the interests of subjects and merchants of my Empire residing in these areas […]” Turkish Consulates in Austria (-Hungary) 1718 – 1918 Rudolf AGSTNER „[…] establishing an Austrian consulate-general in Constantinople is let to rest […]” The history of the Austrian (Austro-Hungarian) consulates in Turkey 1718-1918 Franz KANGLER „In school boys and girls sang the Austrian imperial anthem […]” The history of the Austrian St. George College in Constantinople / Istanbul Yavuz KÖSE "Stein cheap and fine – Mayer stocks poor and prices higher" Austrian department stores in Istanbul (1855-1942) Andreas PATERA † „On foreign soil […] postal institutions cannot be run according to bureaucratic principles“ The Austrian post offices in Constantinople Markus PURKART „ Trying a new export business to the Levant by producing Turkish caps […]” Fez from Austria-Hungary in Constantinople Elmar SAMSINGER „Austria can be satisfied with the sympathies of the Orient! “ Emperor Franz Joseph and Emperor Charles I. in Constantinople Elmar SAMSINGER "In particular we admire human dignity in the Turk […]" A look at a travel guide of the Austrian Lloyd - Oriental voyages around 1900 English abstracts Rudolf AGSTNER “In such a manner the Imperial Court […] will for the first time find itself in possession of a legation building in Constantinople […]“ The Palazzo di Venezia in Constantinople as I.R.