Natural Products Neuroprotection and Natural • Cristina Angeloni and Vauzour David Natural Products and Neuroprotection Edited by Cristina Angeloni and David Vauzour Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Natural Products and Neuroprotection Natural Products and Neuroprotection Special Issue Editors Cristina Angeloni David Vauzour MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Cristina Angeloni David Vauzour University of Camerino University of East Anglia Italy UK Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/ journal/ijms/special issues/NP Neuroprotection). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-216-5 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-217-2 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Cristina Angeloni and David Vauzour Natural Products and Neuroprotection Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5570, doi:10.3390/ijms20225570 .............. 1 Mouad Sabti, Kazunori Sasaki, Chemseddoha Gadhi and Hiroko Isoda Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Lippia citriodora(Lim.)-Induced Relaxation and Anti-Depression Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3556, doi:10.3390/ijms20143556 .............. 7 Yeong-Geun Lee, Hwan Lee, Jae-Woo Jung, Kyeong-Hwa Seo, Dae Young Lee, Hyoung-Geun Kim, Jung-Hwan Ko, Dong-Sung Lee and Nam-In Baek Flavonoids from Chionanthus retusus (Oleaceae) Flowers and Their Protective Effects against Glutamate-Induced Cell Toxicity in HT22 Cells Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3517, doi:10.3390/ijms20143517 .............. 27 Yunseon Jang, Hyosun Choo, Min Joung Lee, Jeongsu Han, Soo Jeong Kim, Xianshu Ju, Jianchen Cui, Yu Lim Lee, Min Jeong Ryu, Eung Seok Oh, Song-Yi Choi, Woosuk Chung, Gi Ryang Kweon and Jun Young Heo Auraptene Mitigates Parkinson’s Disease-Like Behavior by Protecting Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration and Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3409, doi:10.3390/ijms20143409 .............. 43 Samaila Musa Chiroma, Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin, Che Norma Mat Taib, Zulkhairi Amom, Saravanan Jagadeesan, Mohd Ilham Adenan, Onesimus Mahdi and Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas Centella asiatica Protects D-Galactose/AlCl3 Mediated Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Rats via PP2A/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Their Hippocampus Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1871, doi:10.3390/ijms20081871 .............. 59 Hayate Javed, Sheikh Azimullah, MF Nagoor Meeran, Suraiya A Ansari and Shreesh Ojha Neuroprotective Effects of Thymol, a Dietary Monoterpene Against Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1538, doi:10.3390/ijms20071538 .............. 73 Karina Cuanalo-Contreras and Ines Moreno-Gonzalez Natural Products as Modulators of the Proteostasis Machinery: Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4666, doi:10.3390/ijms20194666 .............. 87 Bongki Cho, Taeyun Kim, Yu-Jin Huh, Jaemin Lee and Yun-Il Lee Amelioration of Mitochondrial Quality Control and Proteostasis by Natural Compounds in Parkinson’s Disease Models Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5208, doi:10.3390/ijms20205208 ..............101 Monika Berezowska, Shelly Coe and Helen Dawes Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1301, doi:10.3390/ijms20061301 ..............121 v Marco Di Paolo, Luigi Papi, Federica Gori and Emanuela Turillazzi Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Great Promise but an Ethical Challenge Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5170, doi:10.3390/ijms20205170 ..............141 Jun Young Park, Hyoe-Jin Joo, Saeram Park and Young-Ki Paik Ascaroside Pheromones: Chemical Biology and Pleiotropic Neuronal Functions Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3898, doi:10.3390/ijms20163898 ..............153 Monira Pervin, Keiko Unno, Akiko Takagaki, Mamoru Isemura and Yoriyuki Nakamura Function of Green Tea Catechins in the Brain: Epigallocatechin Gallate and its Metabolites Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3630, doi:10.3390/ijms20153630 ..............173 Maria Cristina Barbalace, Marco Malaguti, Laura Giusti, Antonio Lucacchini, Silvana Hrelia and Cristina Angeloni Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Algae in Neurodegenerative Diseases Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3061, doi:10.3390/ijms20123061 ..............185 Justine Renaud and Maria-Grazia Martinoli Considerations for the Use of Polyphenols as Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1883, doi:10.3390/ijms20081883 ..............205 Emanuela Mhillaj, Andrea Tarozzi, Letizia Pruccoli, Vincenzo Cuomo, Luigia Trabace and Cesare Mancuso Curcumin and Heme Oxygenase: Neuroprotection and Beyond Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2419, doi:10.3390/ijms20102419 ..............231 Pamela Maher The Potential of Flavonoids for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3056, doi:10.3390/ijms20123056 ..............243 Carmen Infante-Garcia and Monica Garcia-Alloza Review of the Effect of Natural Compounds and Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2533, doi:10.3390/ijms20102533 ..............263 Stephanie Andrade, Maria Jo˜ao Ramalho, Joana Ang´elica Loureiro and Maria do Carmo Pereira Natural Compounds for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2313, doi:10.3390/ijms20092313 ..............287 vi About the Special Issue Editors Cristina Angeloni is Professor of Biochemistry at the School of Pharmacy of the University of Camerino, Italy. She received an MS degree in Computer Science in 1992, an MS degree in Food Science and Technology in 2000, a Ph.D degree in Biochemistry and Physiopathology of Aging in 2005, and a Master’s degree in Bioinformatics in 2005 from the University of Bologna, Italy. She is author of more than seventy peer reviewed articles and of four book chapters. She serves on the editorial board of Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity and has been the editor of eight special issues. The main focus of her research is the study of the protective/preventive role of nutraceutical bioactive components of the diet in the prevention/counteraction of chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, she has investigated the protective mechanisms of nutraceutical compounds, studying the radical scavenging activity, the induction of phase II enzymes, the inhibition of apoptosis, and the modulation of signal transduction pathways in in-vitro and in-vivo models. David Vauzour received his PhD from the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier (France) in 2004. His research over the last 15 years, at the University of Reading (2005–2011), and the Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK (2011–present) has focused on investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the positive correlation between the consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables and a decreased risk of (neuro)degenerative disorders, and on ways to develop novel dietary strategies to delay brain ageing, cognitive decline and cardiovascular disease. In this context, his initial work has provided considerable insight into the potential for natural products to promote human vascular function, decrease (neuro)inflammation, enhance memory, learning and neuro-cognitive performance and slow the progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. His recent interests concern how food bioactives modulate APOE-genotype-induced cardiovascular risk and neurodegenerative disorders and their underlying mechanisms. To date, Dr Vauzour has published over 80 peer-reviewed articles, and he currently serves as Associate Editor for the journal Nutrition and Healthy Aging. In addition, he is a member of the editorial boards of Nature Scientific Reports (Neuroscience), PharmaNutrition and Peer J (Pharmacology). He is currently the co-the Chair of the ILSI Europe Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force. vii International Journal of Molecular Sciences Editorial Natural Products and Neuroprotection Cristina Angeloni 1,* and David Vauzour 2,* 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy 2 Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]