History of Christian Thought: from Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon V.1 Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

History of Christian Thought: from Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon V.1 Pdf FREE HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN THOUGHT: FROM BEGINNINGS TO THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON V.1 PDF Justo L. Gonzalez | 402 pages | 01 Jul 1987 | Abingdon Press | 9780687171828 | English | Nashville, Tennessee, United States Arian controversy - Wikipedia Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. A treatment of the evolution of Christian thought from the birth of Christ, to the Apostles, to the early church, to the great flowering of Christianity across the world. The first volume introduces the central figures and debates culminating in the Councils of Nicea and Chalcedon among which the theologies of the early church were hammered out. Get A Copy. Paperbackpages. Published July 1st by Abingdon Press first published More Details Original Title. A History of Christian Thought 1. Other Editions 8. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Lists with This Book. This book is not yet featured on Listopia. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 4. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Jun 16, John Majors rated it really liked it. Nibbled on this a few pages each morning for the last nine months. A good way to start the morning, with a reminder of all the wrestling with definitions that have occurred since the beginning of Christianity. Some seem silly, but some are absolutely essential. This was a good read, though not nearly as engaging as his two volume work on Church History called "The Story of Christianity. So, so good. May 21, Bryan rated it it was amazing Shelves: science-and-religion-etc. This book was fascinating to me. The author gives good explanations of complex subjects that allows me to walk away from this book with History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 good understanding of early Christian theology. My religious beliefs have helped me through some tough times, and while everybody chooses their own way up the mountain, my faith has been a good path for me. Oct 12, Dan Glover rated it really liked it Shelves: biography-historytheology. This is a solid overview of the development of Christian theology. It is a bit too brief at times, but that is not so much a fault as the parameters of the set. It is an introduction and there is a helpful section at the end which suggests further, more detailed reading for each section the volume covers. Now for volume View 1 comment. Apr 16, Sean McGowan rated it really liked it Shelves: historytheology. Excellent volume on the first five centuries of Christian theology. Highly recommended. Looking forward to the other two volumes. Jun 30, Steve rated it liked it. Sep 23, Alexandr Gherman rated it really liked it. This is very informative book that you need to read as a student in Christian university. Jun 09, Rapp rated it liked it Shelves: church-history. In his series on the history of Christian thought, Justo Gonzales divides his story into three volumes. Volume 2 picks up the story with Augustine, History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 to the Reformation, and Volume 3 brings from the Reformation to the twentieth century. Gonzales writes interestingly and clearly, which will help a reader unfamiliar with church history attempt to place the many names and concepts h In his series on the history of Christian thought, Justo Gonzales divides his story into three volumes. Gonzales writes interestingly and clearly, which will help a reader unfamiliar with church history attempt to place the many names and concepts he or she will come in contact with. Many challenges faced the early church, as its leaders attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Jewish prophecies--and especially their all History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 fulfillment in Jesus Christ--within a Hellenistic context. Gonzalez simply illustrates the difficulty the early apologists faced in defending the faith in a Graeco-Roman setting: they would not worship Caesar because he was a man making himself God, yet they would worship Jesus, for there God had made Himself man. The attempts to translate Jewish concepts into a Platonic worldview had drastic consequences for the development of Christian thought: "In their History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 outlook, one senses a distance between the Christianity of the New Testament--especially that of Paul--and that of the Apostolic Fathers. References to Paul and the other apostles are frequent; but in spite of this the new faith becomes more and more a new law, and the doctrine of God's gracious justification becomes a doctrine of grace that helps History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 at justly" locationKindle version. Gonzales uses the idea incarnation to somewhat redeem the Hellenization of Christianity. As many are leaving the church today out of a sense of disconnection, this principle has timely application. But there is always the concern that a minimum be lost or added in translation. Gonzales argues that this was an ever present danger for the church fathers, who attempted to reconcile Judeo-Christian thought about God to Greek knowledge of the divine. The result was a marriage of both. As Gonzales traces the development of doctrines such as apostolic succession, the trinity, and Christology, it is easy to see how church politics came to play an increasingly dominant role. In his final chapter, "Apostolic or Apostate" Gonzales highlights the "Constantinization" of Christianity and its effect on Christian thought. Rarely was biblical revelation the deciding factor in doctrinal controversy; the rival sees in Alexandria, Antioch and Rome jostled for preeminence and frequently the emperor was the impetus behind a new creed Nicea and Chalcedon are two prominent examples. I found this book intriguing to read as it placed Christian thought effectively in context. Doctrine was and is not developed in a vacuum; often it is developed in response to teachings that are out of balance in one way or another, or outright heretical. The risk for teaching developed in the heat of debate, is that in the attempt to correct, someone will tend toward the other extreme. And so we often History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 the pendulum swinging back and forth through the centuries. I read the Kindle edition of this book, which was generally satisfactory, though there were a few irritations. Transliterations from Greek, German and other languages were often unreadable. Furthermore, sometimes a sentence would break off in the middle, only to be found at the end of the same or next paragraph. Though this sometimes required some real puzzling, it did not significantly interfere with the reading experience. Aug 11, Kyle rated it liked it. This was the first book I read in seminary. I remember it being a health mixture of overwhelming and invigorating at the same time. Overwhelming in that the world of Christian faith was much, much bigger than I possibly imagined. Matters of faith History of Christian Thought: From Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon v.1 practice were never as clear cut as the seemed. And those areas of disagreement were never as simple as I had thought. But, it was invigorating as I was being opened to the vast world of Christian theology. After re-reading this book five years later This was the first book I read in seminary. After re-reading this book five years later, many of my first impressions remain. The theology of the first years proves to be anything but uniform. In fact it was a tangled web of false starts, first steps, and lateral movements. It was a maze of closed doors that led to only more doors. It was a web of string in which pulling on one only moved the rest. Needless to say, the vast world of Patristic scholarship is endlessly complex and those wishing to read this volume and have immediate and profound understanding of the world of Patristic theology and thus the genesis of modern Christian thought will only come away disappointed and confussed. However, in Gonzolez's capable hands the reader is opened to the world of Patristic theology in such a way that he or she is able to perceive what was going on then and how complex and interrelated it all was. The reader is encouraged to get a taste and a glimpse of the origin of Christian thought. Overall this is an excellent book for anyone interested in Church history or doctrine. While reading it as whole can be overwhelming, it is an excellent reference to have on hand. I frequently reach for it to remind myself of say, Alexandrine verses Antiochian Christology, or to remind myself who Nestorius is. Feb 21, James rated it really liked it Shelves: church-history. Having finished the first of three volumes, I can say I enjoyed it a lot. History Christian Thought Volume 3 Revised: Justo L. Gonzalez: - Autocephaly recognized universally de factoby some Autocephalous Churches de jure. An ecumenical council or oecumenical council ; also general council [1] is a conference of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice in which those entitled to vote are convoked from the whole world oikoumene and which secures the approbation of the whole Church.
Recommended publications
  • Byzantine Iconoclasm
    Byzantine Iconoclasm %rom &i'ipedia, the free encyclopedia The Byzantine Iconoclasm )*reek: Εἰκονομαχία, Eikonomachía) refers to t,o periods in the history of the Byzantine -mpire ,hen -mperors, bac'ed by imperially-appointed leaders and councils of the *reek /rthodox Church, imposed a ban on religious images or icons. The 0%irst Iconoclasm0, as it is sometimes called, lasted bet,een about 123 and 141, ,hen a change on the throne reversed the ban. The 05econd Iconoclasm0 ,as bet,een 4#6 and 467. Iconoclasm, *reek for 0image-brea'ing0, is the deliberate destruction ,ithin a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. People ,ho engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts, a term that has come to be applied figuratively to any person ,ho brea's or disdains established dogmata or conventions. Conversely, A simple cross: example of people ,ho revere or venerate religious images are iconoclast art in the Hagia derisively called 0iconolaters0 )εἰκονολάτραι+. (hey Irene Church in Istanbul. are normally 'nown as 0iconodules0 )εἰκονόδουλοι+, or 0iconophiles0 )εἰκονόφιλοι+. Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes bet,een factions of the same religion. In Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been motivated by an 0/ld.Covenant0 interpretation of the Ten Commandments, ,hich forbid the ma'ing and ,orshipping of 0graven images0, see also Biblical la, in Christianity. The t,o serious outbrea's of iconoclasm in the Byzantine -mpire during the 4th and !th centuries ,ere unusual in that the use of images ,as the main issue in the dispute, rather Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov than a by-product of ,ider concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Iconoclasm: a Christian Dilemma
    ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY By STEPHEN CHARLES STEACY •• Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1969 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 1978 ICONOCLASM: A CHRISTIAN DILEMMA - A BYZANTINE CONTROVERSY Thesis Approved: '. ~- Dean of the Graduate College 1019541 ii P~F~E This thesis is concerned with Iconoclasm, the religious upheaval which troubled the Byzantine conscience for over a century. There have been numerous theories adduced by his­ torians to account for this phenomenon. It is the purpose of this study to view the varying interpretations, analyze their shortcomings, and to put forth a different view of the controversy, one that more adequately expresses the deeply rooted religious nature of the movement, a movement not only of the eighth and ninth centuries but an idea which was nurtured in fertile soil of the Old Testament and Apostolic Christianity. The author wishes to express heartfelt appreciation to his thesis adviser, Dr. George Jewsbury, whose unflagging solicitude, support, and inspiration were instrumental in the preparation of this work. A note of thanks is given to Mrs. Karen Hoyer, whose typing expertise, in the final analysis, made the difference between success and failure. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY 1 II. THEOLOGICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES OF THE CONTROVERSY. • • . • . • • . • . 13 Genesis of the Cult of Icons .•.• 13 The Scriptures as the Foundation of Iconoclasm. 26 Precursors of ·the Iconoclast Movement . 30 Origen . 31 Eusebius .
    [Show full text]
  • Ecumenical Councils Preparing for Next Week (Disciple 6–Eucharist 1)
    January St. Dominic’s RCIA Program Disciple The Church: 15 History & Teaching 4 Goal • Having switched the Disciple 4 & 5 weeks, we looks at an overview of the Sacraments last week (Disciple 5), and explored the Sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation. These Sacraments are two of the three that initiate us into the Church community, and into Christ’s body and mission. This week we’ll continue to unpack the meaning of Church by looking broadly at its history one the last 2000 years. We’ll also explore it’s role as Teacher. How does the Church function in and through history? How does God walk with the Church through it all? Agenda • Welcome/Housekeeping (10) • Questions & Answers • Introduction to the Rosary (15) Discussion (15): • If the Church is The Body of Christ, what does this mean for Christ’s presence in the world through history and in the world today? • What do I admire about the Catholic Church’s activity in history? Does any part of the Church’s activity in history disturb or upset me? • How do I (might I) listen to what the Church has to say today? What is my approach/attitude to the Church as “Teacher”? • Presentation: The Church: History (35) • Break (10) • Presentation: The Church: Teaching & Belief (30) • Discussion (time permitting): • What is special to this moment in history? • What is the Good News of Christ & the Church that speaks to this moment in history? • How can the body of Christ proclaim & witness the Gospel and walk with others today? Housekeeping Notes • Rite of Acceptance: February 10th at the 11:30am and 5:30 Masses.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pagan Relic in Byzantine Imperial Acclamations?
    CHAPTER TWO PHTHONOS: A PAGAN RELIC IN BYZANTINE IMPERIAL ACCLAMATIONS? Martin Hinterberger The spoken word is of eminent importance for most rituals. Ritual speech normally is highly formulaic and symbolic, whereas in the context of cere- monies words unfold an even greater power than in everyday communi- cation. For the full understanding of rituals and of the mindset underlying them, therefore, the analysis of the words used is essential. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the semantic shift that words of special signi- ficance for certain imperial rituals underwent, and to analyse the meaning of the rituals concerned, which was also changed as a consequence. More specifically, I am going to examine closely the concept of phthonos, which occurs in several imperial acclamations in similar ceremonial contexts.1 This concept is crucial for the understanding of the ritual connected to it. As a starting point of my enquiry I have chosen the imperial acclamation at the iconoclastic Council of Hieria (an Asiatic suburb of Constantinople, close to Chalcedon), because, as far as I know, this is the latest occurrence of the word phthonos in the context of an imperial acclamation. Later in my chapter, though, I will refer to earlier acclamations, and finally I will discuss the meaning of phthonos in the fourth and fifth centuries in gene- ral. The investigation of the meaning of phthonos in the context of impe- rial acclamations will also demonstrate how Byzantine attitudes about dangerous supernatural powers threatening the emperor and the empire itself are reflected in imperial ceremonies. 1 On acclamations in general, see Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classical Crisis of Iconoclasm
    THE CLASSICAL CRISIS OF ICONOCLASM Edward G. Farrugia S.J. History is more interesting than fiction. This holds eminently true of the history of dogma, provided that this itself is not divorced from the human dimension taken as a whole. Ifmodern theology in the West has found the need of creating a political theology then this is due to the loss of the kind of communitarian theology which makes the core ofEastern theology, the theology of vision, which in turn harks back to the iconic consciousness of which we have already spoken. If Western theologians like John Baptist Metz have felt the need to remedy the situation, it is because the individual himself, and individual disciplines in a theology which has become increasingly more specialized and divided into new auxiliary disciplines in the wake of the Enlightenment, were suffocating for lack of vision of the whole. 1 But a good theology need undertake no such desperado measures. The history of dogma can also be presented, with fully critical means, as the history of the Church's discernment of spirits, and thus attain a synthesis between faith and history, without either collapsing the one reality into the other, or pitting the one against the other from the start. Of course, at a more specialized level, theology should attend to all the historical and technical intricacies of disputed issues, while keep living from the kind of simple unitive vision enabling the researcher not to lose track of the one reality.2 But theology as a whole must be aware of the consequences of its ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revival of Byzantine Iconoclasm and the Religious Politics of Emperors in the Ninth Century
    90 International Journal of Orthodox Theology 9:2 (2018) urn:nbn:de:0276-2018-2054 Marius Telea The Revival of Byzantine Iconoclasm and the Religious Politics of Emperors in the Ninth Century Abstract There appeared the idea that ninth century iconoclasm constituted a copy of the earlier one, actually a reiteration of the traditional theses of this heresy. More evident than in the eighth century, the second period of the controversy on icons revealed the political background of the iconoclast movement, the efforts of the imperial power to subject the Church to their interests, but also the obstinate Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marius resistance of the Church against these, Telea is Assoc. Professor of History and Spirituality especially against its intransigent of Byzantium at the Facul- wing. ty of Orthodox Theology The disastrous defeat on the of “December 1st 1918” Bulgarian front (Versinikia, June 813) University of Alba Iulia, of the Orthodox Emperor Michael I Romania. The Revival of Byzantine Iconoclasm and 91 the Religious Politics of Emperors in the Ninth Century Rhangabe prepared the way for the revival of iconoclasm, established with the reign of Leo V the Armenian. The most representative defenders and theologians of icons were, in this period, Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople and Saint Theodore the Studite. Just like all the defenders of icons, they proved that the icon is the expression of the reality of the Incarnation of Christ, and its veneration is founded on the Christological teachings of the Church. Keywords iconoclasm, defenders, emperors, Church, worship 1 Introduction Once icon veneration was restored, after the Ecumenical Council in Nicea (787), peace did not settle in the Byzantine Church.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Summary of Observations, Data and Hypotheses
    TThhee SShhrroouudd ooff TTuurriinn A Critical Summary of Observations, Data and Hypotheses If the truth were a mere mathematical formula, in some sense it would impose itself by its own power. But if Truth is Love, it calls for faith, for the ‘yes’ of our hearts. Pope Benedict XVI Version 4.0 Copyright 2017, Turin Shroud Center of Colorado Preface The purpose of the Critical Summary is to provide a synthesis of the Turin Shroud Center of Colorado (TSC) thinking about the Shroud of Turin and to make that synthesis available to the serious inquirer. Our evaluation of scientific, medical forensic and historical hypotheses presented here is based on TSC’s tens of thousands of hours of internal research, the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP) data, and other published research. The Critical Summary synthesis is not itself intended to present new research findings. With the exception of our comments all information presented has been published elsewhere, and we have endeavored to provide references for all included data. We wish to gratefully acknowledge the contributions of several persons and organizations. First, we would like to acknowledge Dan Spicer, PhD in Physics, and Dave Fornof for their contributions in the construction of Version 1.0 of the Critical Summary. We are grateful to Mary Ann Siefker and Mary Snapp for proofreading efforts. The efforts of Shroud historian Jack Markwardt in reviewing and providing valuable comments for the Version 4.0 History Section are deeply appreciated. We also are very grateful to Barrie Schwortz (Shroud.com) and the STERA organization for their permission to include photographs from their database of STURP photographs.
    [Show full text]
  • A Textual Commentary on the Greek Received Text of the New Testament, Volume 2 (Matthew 15-20), 2009
    i A TEXTUAL COMMENTARY ON THE GREEK RECEIVED TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Being the Greek Text used in the AUTHORIZED VERSION also known as the KING JAMES VERSION also known as the AUTHORIZED (KING JAMES) VERSION also known as the KING JAMES BIBLE also known as the SAINT JAMES VERSION by Gavin Basil McGrath B.A., LL.B. (Sydney University), Dip. Ed. (University of Western Sydney), Dip. Bib. Studies (Moore Theological College). Formerly of St. Paul’s College, Sydney University. Textual Commentary, Volume: 2 St. Matthew’s Gospel Chapters 15-20. Verbum Domini Manet in Aeternum “The Word of the Lord Endureth Forever” (I Peter 1:25). ii McGrath, Gavin (Gavin Basil), b. 1960. A Textual Commentary on the Greek Received Text of the New Testament, Volume 2 (Matthew 15-20), 2009. Available on the internet http://www.gavinmcgrathbooks.com . Published & Printed in Sydney, New South Wales. Copyright © 2009 by Gavin Basil McGrath. P.O. Box 834, Nowra, N.S.W., 2541, Australia. Dedication Sermon, preached at Mangrove Mountain Union Church, Mangrove Mountain, N.S.W., 2250, Australia, on Thursday 5 November, 2009. Oral recorded form presently available at http://www.sermonaudio.com/kingjamesbible . This copy of Volume 2 (Matt. 15-20) incorporates corrigenda changes from Appendix 6 of the Revised Volume 1 (Matt. 1-14) © 2010 by Gavin Basil McGrath, Appendix 6 of Volume 3 (Matt. 21-25) © 2011 by Gavin Basil McGrath; Appendix 6 of Volume 4 (Matt. 26-28) © 2012 by Gavin Basil McGrath; Appendix 6 of Volume 5 (Mark 1-3) © 2015 by Gavin Basil McGrath; and Appendix 6 of Volume 6 (Mark 4 & 5) © 2016 by Gavin Basil McGrath.
    [Show full text]
  • Conciliarity in Church History and Today
    Bishop MaxiM VasiljeVić Conciliarity in the Church History and Today (A paper to be read at the Colloquium on the Reflections after the Great Council of the Orthodox Church in Crete in 2016, organized by the Faculté de théologie et de sciences religieuses of the Université Laval and the Montreal Institute of Orthodox Theology, Montréal (Québec) , April 29, 2017, ) In our day the large-scale synodal events of the Church of the first mil- lennium are both “forgotten” and misapprehended. In recent times, they seem to be accompanied, on most occasions, by a polemic that psycho- logically loads the debate concerning the issue. Thus, the Holy and Great Council in Crete was so wrongly interpreted in some circles, and today we see that whenever and however it is referred to some people made it the target of public odium. There are different angles from which to approach the topic of synodal- ity. This article hopes1 to point the way to a more nuanced and realistic understanding of how councils took place and the role played by episco- pacy in them. Within the scope of our discussion I would like to explore the signifi- cance of “synodality,” when one sees it as a portrayal of Pentecost and an expression of the Liturgy. However, in order to reach there, I will have to, for the most part, limit myself to the more prosaic aspects. 1 The Councils as a rule bring hope. The iconography of the Councils depends on the iconography of Pentecost, which was a council sui generis. The choreography in these icons demonstrates colorfully that the Church understood these councils as eucharistic events—in the image of Pentecost and Apocalypsis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Graphic Icons of Anastasios of Sinai Calum Samuelson Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected]
    Olivet Nazarene University Digital Commons @ Olivet M.A. in Christian Thought Theology 5-2015 The Graphic Icons of Anastasios of Sinai Calum Samuelson Olivet Nazarene University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/theo_mact Recommended Citation Samuelson, Calum, "The Graphic Icons of Anastasios of Sinai" (2015). M.A. in Christian Thought. 1. https://digitalcommons.olivet.edu/theo_mact/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theology at Digital Commons @ Olivet. It has been accepted for inclusion in M.A. in Christian Thought by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Olivet. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GRAPHIC ICONS OF ANASTASIOS OF SINAI BY CALUM SAMUELSON B.A., Olivet Nazarene University, 2013 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Christian Thought in the School of Graduate and Continuing Studies Olivet Nazarene University, 2015 Bourbonnais, Illinois Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................v Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter I: Theological, Artistic, and Political Development (325 – 685) .....................4 Section
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Graduate Student Conference on Byzantine Studies
    2014 Graduate Student Conference on Byzantine Studies February 27–March 1, 2014 Maliotis Cultural Center Hellenic College Holy Cross 50 Goddard Avenue Brookline, MA 02445 Organizing Committee: Brandie Ratliff, Director, Mary Jaharis Center for Byzantine Art and Culture, Hellenic College Holy Cross, Dr. James C. Skedros, Michael G. and Anastasia Cantonis Professor of Byzantine Studies and Professor of Early Christianity, Hellenic College Holy Cross, and The Very Reverend Dr. Joachim Cotsonis, Director, Archbishop Iakovos Library and Learning Resource Center, Hellenic College Holy Cross Support comes from the Mary Jaharis Center for Byzantine Art and Culture and the Michael G. and Anastasia Cantonis Chair of Byzantine Studies 2 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27 10:00–11:15 Registration (Maliotis Cultural Center) 11:30–1:00 SESSION 1 (DISSERTATION REPORTS) From 'kalimah' to 'the logos' – Transformation of Knowledge exemplified at the Byzantine Translation of the Quran (8/9th century CE) Manolis Ulbricht, Freie Universität Berlin, SFB 980, TP A05 Greek Teachers, Latin Speakers: Linguistic and Conceptual Mediterraneanism in Ibn Hazm A. David Owen, Harvard University, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Framing the Holy: Frames, Covers, and Rims on Byzantine Icons Betsy Moss, University of Toronto, Department of Art 1:15–2:45 SESSION 2 Edge of an Empire: Religion, Politics, and the mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale Elena Gittleman, Southern Methodist University, Meadows School of the Arts, Art History Toward an Understanding of Violence in Byzantium,
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronology Ot, Nt, Church History, and World Events
    A CHRONOLOGY OT, NT, CHURCH HISTORY, AND WORLD EVENTS Aaron S. Copeland — Author and General Editor Purpose The ongoing work of this chronology has four main purposes. The first, and foremost, purpose is to reveal how God has manipulated human history from the very beginning to bring about the redemption of mankind and His creation, at the end of the age, as revealed throughout the Scriptures. The second purpose is to place this redemptive history in the context of other world events to inform a broader picture of world history. The third purpose is to record church history, or family history, in order to have a better understanding of how church is “done” today. Lasty, the fourth purpose is to track historical theology—how orthodox and heretical theology developed over the course of time. History and Credit for This Work The original purpose for this chronology was to “untangle” the events of the Old Testament and put them on a timeline in relation to other world events to increase my understanding of how God unfolded His redemptive plan throughout real human history. I began this project steeped in ignorance about the task I was taking on. I thought I could just put together all the accounting of years, genealogies, and events, listed in the Scriptures, and they would all come together seamlessly. Three years later, I was still gaining knowledge how various peoples of the Ancient Near East accounted for years different from each other, and how some counting of years needs to be done inclusively, rather than exclusively, etc.
    [Show full text]