Cinema-by-Sea Cover Frontispiece Background photograph of Hove beach by David Fisher; A queue (of extras) in the rain outside the Rothbury stills from Grandma’s Reading Glass (George Albert Cinema, Portslade from Lady Godiva Rides Again (1951) Smith, 1900), Fire! (James Williamson, 1901), Curzon Kinema, Brighton (1936), Brighton Rock (John Boulting, This page 1947) and Jigsaw (Val Guest, 1962) Arrival and Departure of a Train at Hove (George Albert Smith, 1897) CCiinneemmaa--bbyy--SSeeaa FFiillmm aanndd cciinneemmaa iinn BBrriigghhttoonn && HHoovvee ssiinnccee 11889966 DDaavviidd FFiisshheerr

TERRA MEDIA Cinema-by-Sea Published by David Fisher was Terra Media Ltd editor of the interna- Missenden Lodge tional media journal Withdean Avenue Screen Digest from Brighton BN1 5BJ 1974 until 2011. He also edited and www.terramedia.co.uk designed around 100 www.brightonfilm.com other publications for Screen Digest. He was Executive Editor of Television—Journal of the First published 2012 Royal Television Society from 1978 to 1982. He was a co-opted member of the Interim 5 4 3 2 1 Action Committee on the British Film Industry and its successor, the British Screen Copyright © David Fisher 2012 Advisory Council, from 1982 to 1989. Among numerous other positions, he served as a All rights reserved. No part of this publication representative on the advisory committee of may be reproduced ot transmitted in any form the European Audiovisual Observatory in or by any means, electronic or mechanical, Strasbourg between 1992 and 2007 and was an including photocopying, recording or any associate fellow of the University of Warwick information storage or retrieval system, 1994-2003, where he taught part of a post- without prior permission in writing from the graduate course in European Cultural Policy. publisher. An award-winning film school graduate, his previous publications include The Craft of The right of David Fisher to be identified as Film (Attic Publishing, 1970), Education and author of this work has been asserted in Training for Film and Television (co-editor, accordance with the Copyright, Designs and BKSTS, two editions: 1973, 1977), Video Disc Patents Act 1988. 77 (Nord Media, 1977), Cinema Production and Distribution in Europe (Council of Design: David Fisher Europe, 1996) with André Lange, and New Set in Minion Pro and Franklin Gothic Information Technology and the Young Medium Condensed (Council of Europe, 2000). He lives in Produced in England by Sussex Print Services Brighton and is working on several local history projects. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-0-9574449-0-4

4 Cinema-by-Sea Contents

7 Introduction Part 6 Colour 141 The invention of colour cinematography in Part 1 The story so far Southwick and the rivalry that killed it 9 Setting the wider context for film and cinema in Brighton & Hove Part 7 People 147 Biographies of people associated with film and Part 2 Chronology cinema in Brighton & Hove 17 The events in date order 187 Part 8 Companies Part 3 Cinemas and cinema-going Selected businesses associated with film and 27 Introduction cinema in Brighton, Hove and district From the first film shows to the age of the multiplex 191 Part 9 Places 43 The listing A gazetteer of some of the key places associated All the places where films have been shown in with film, cinema, film-makers and actors in Brighton, Hove and district Brighton, Hove and district

Part 4 Films: the silent era Part 10 Studios 75 Introduction 201 The film studios of Hove, Shoreham and 87 The listing Brighton All the films made in Brighton, Hove and 206 The lost studios of Whitehawk Shoreham from 1896 to 1929 Part 11 Resources Part 5 Films: the sound era 209 Bibliography, websites, museums, archives and 113 Introduction libraries, film and video, education 117 The listing All films made in Brighton, Hove and Shoreham 213 Index since 1929 136 Music films (feature length) 137 Films set in Brighton (but not filmed there) Hove Fire Brigade hurtles along 139 Short films Cromwell Road in Fire! 140 Newsreels (James Williamson, 1901) Cinema-by-Sea 5 Introduction Introduction

You probably know what it’s like when you are GEORGE ALBERT SMITH and JAMES WILLIAMSON, watching a film or television programme and whose film careers began in Hove in 1897 and unexpectedly see a local scene that you continued for a number of years. Both were recognise. There’s that frisson of identifying running businesses in Hove, both built studios your own reality. Well, perhaps not if you live there and both are now regarded as having in Buckingham Palace or 10 Downing Street. made a major contribution to the early But there is a fascination with seeing the development of the film medium. familiar: your town, your neighbourhood, By the end of 1900 at least 184 films had your street. been made in Brighton and Hove, plus a If that can still happen, imagine what it number more shot elsewhere by local film- must have been like for the citizens of makers. Mostly these were single-shot films Brighton & Hove in 1896 who paid their lasting no more than a minute. Any moving sixpences or shillings to see ‘the sensation of picture could excite an audience at that stage. the century’ at the Victoria Hall opposite the By the end of 1904 the total had risen to just West Pier. Among the moving pictures, the short of 300 (these totals being based on the ‘animated photographs’, they saw was the listings in this book). scene on the beach across the road. Long Although some single-shot actuality films before audiences were shown the sights of the were still being issued, the sophistication of California coast, for many around the world production advanced rapidly during this their first sight of the sea was not the surf at period. Editing techniques were added to the Malibu but the shingle at Brighton. developing repertoire of trick shots, such as Brighton & Hove immediately became one superimposition, double-exposure and of the principal centres of film-making running film in reverse. Work being done in activity, not just for the UK but for the world, Hove at this time had an influence on other alongside Paris, New York and London. By the film-makers, notably in the United States. end of the century and for much of the following decade local film-makers made Belated recognition Brighton & Hove (mainly Hove) as important Early cinema history is still being unearthed as anywhere in the world with their ground- and what was once presented as fact has now breaking, sophisticated understanding of been superseded by more recently discovered production and editing techniques. information. In my first term as a film student In the first years of the twentieth century 45 years ago I was lucky enough to spend Britain developed a thriving export market, many hours, several days a week, sitting in a especially to the United States. Indeed, it darkened theatre learning about the history of might have continued longer but for the cinema from the doyen of film historians, efforts of Thomas Edison and his patent- Roger Manvell. We saw films by the great wielding associates to undermine sales of French cinema magician Georges Méliès and European films to American cinemas. the American pioneer of narrative film Edwin S Porter. We did not see films by the English It had to start somewhere cinema magician George Albert Smith nor the Film-making began in Brighton and Hove in British pioneer of narrative film-making James July 1896 when ROBERT W PAUL shot a film on Williamson. They had yet to be assigned their Brighton beach to include in his ‘celebrated rightful place in the story of cinema. animatographe’ programme that began a run The full significance of Brighton’s at the VICTORIA HALL on King’s Road on 6 July. achievement, of what Smith and Williamson He was followed by his colleague Birt Acres in achieved through intuition, analysis or trial- August. The first Brighton film-maker was the and-error, was barely recognised at the time photographer ESMÉ COLLINGS. He seems to they were working, nor acknowledged for have lost interest in moving pictures very many years after. quickly as his film-making barely overlaps It was not until 1945 that the city was put with that of two great names in early cinema, on the media history map in an essay by Cinema-by-Sea 7 Introduction

GEORGES SADOUL, who coined the phrase This is a book about film and cinema in ‘l’école de Brighton’ (the Brighton school) to Brighton and Hove. It is not intended to describe the work of Collings, Smith, William- provide a history of cinema and film-making son and ALFRED DARLING. The study and in general. For that the reader is referred to writing of film history and theory was only the many general histories, some of which are just getting into its stride in the mid-1940s, listed in the Resources section at the end of especially in France. the book. So the book does not go into detail Sadoul may have unknowingly trampled about events when what began as local film- on the sensitivities of the good people of making moved away from Brighton—as, for Hove—which is, after all, where most of the example, the production of Kinemacolor films work was done—but eventually this proved to under licence in America and France. be a transformative publication. In 1968 an The intention is to tell the story for the exhibition organised by the British Film general reader, although it is hoped that by Institute (BFI) about the Hove film pioneers assembling so many facts in one place it will was held during the Brighton Festival. also be of use to social and cultural historians. The real breakthrough came in 1978 when The function of this book, therefore, is to the International Federation of Film Archives chart the history of Brighton & Hove’s (FIAF) held its 34th Congress, appropriately chequered involvement with the movies. It enough, in Brighton. This established the describes how an industry grew out of those scope and agenda for the future study of early first picture shows of 1896 in five main cinema that has continued ever since. An components: unprecedented collection of 548 films from z the narrative history of film and cinema in the earliest days of the cinema around the Brighton & Hove—including Southwick and world was screened before the conference at Shoreham, the BRIGHTON FILM THEATRE in North Street. z the cinemas and other places where films Since then the academic study of early have been shown, cinema has flourished. More and more of the z the films made wholly or partly in Brighton old films have been issued on DVD or posted & Hove from the first single-shot silent films online and some early ones still turn up to the most recent digital video productions, unexpectedly. Even while this book was being z the people involved (excluding those who prepared, two important discoveries were are still living), made in the archives: G A Smith’s film The z the places where films were made and Death of Poor Joe and Edward Turner’s colour people lived, with a separate section for the test film from 1902. film production studios.

Although that first phase of activity is now Extensive efforts have been made to check and well recognised by film historians, the double-check information. Nonetheless, it is following period, which could be charac- likely that some information presented here terised as the first colour film era, is less well may prove inaccurate. If unidentified errors known and still in need of further research. have been incorporated from incorrect The first successful colour test films were shot sources, they are repeated here for the sake of by George Albert Smith at Southwick in 1906, completeness and in the hope that future work the year in which he patented the system that will correct them. For, of course, if they are was later dubbed Kinemacolor. By the end of not errors, they ought to be here. On the other 1910 a total of 61 colour films had been shot, hand, new errors may have been introduced around 35 of them in the Brighton area. In and in the end any author must accept respon- 1910 Charles Urban’s Natural Colour sibility for everything. So I do. Corrections Kinematograph Company took over James and comments would be most welcome and Williamson’s ‘film factory’ in Cambridge will be included on the brightonfilm.com Grove, Hove as a precursor to the astonishing website. output of more than 200 Kinemacolor films By the way, Brighton is sometimes used to that were released by 1912. Many of these stand for the area of Brighton and Hove (and were shot in Hove. Shoreham and Southwick). This is done purely So the story has to be told of not just the for convenience. The significance of each part rise and fall of colour film technology but also of the city and its neighbours should be the all-too-rapid decline of Brighton and revealed in the following pages. Hove’s place in film-making. And, of course, the occasions since then when it has been put David Fisher back onto the big screen. Brighton, November 2012

8 Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 1 The story so far

The bigger picture of film and cinema and the place of Brighton and Hove in the story

It is almost impossible to imagine, in our business in New York on 14 April 1894 and world of round-the-clock multi-channel the first outside the US in Oxford Street, television, the impact that the first flickering London on 17 October. A machine was in- shadows of films had on the public of late stalled at the Brighton AQUARIUM in 1895. The Victorian England. In a teeming age of trouble with the Kinetoscope was that only discovery and invention, the advertisements one person at a time could see the pictures. that proclaimed ‘living pictures’ to be the sensation of the age were not exaggerating. The first film shows Various attempts were made from the The real breakthrough was projection onto a early 1870s onwards to 1 screen. The first projected capture photographic images images were seen during of movement, principally by 1895, beginning in Paris 3 Etienne-Jules Marey and with Auguste and Louis Léon Bouly in France and by Lumière’s Cinématographe two Englishmen, Eadweard on 22 March. The early Muybridge and Wordsworth demonstrations were Donnisthorpe, the former precisely that: showing trade working in the United States. and professional bodies that However, the first successful the technology worked. At attempt at creating what we would now the very end of the year the Lumière brothers 1 The oldest recognise as a ‘film’ is generally agreed to be a gave the first public exhibition of films on 28 surviving film: Louis fragment recorded in October 1888 by a December 1895 in the Salon Indien at the Le Prince’s Roundhay Frenchman, Louis Le Prince, in the garden of Grand Café, 14 boulevard des Capucines, Garden Scene of his father-in-law’s home in Leeds. Another Paris. An audience of 33 people, including the October 1888 Englishman, WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE, working magician and future film-maker Georges 2 Edison’s in London (but with past and future links to Méliès, paid one franc each for admission. Kinetoscope Brighton), took out a patent in 1889 for an In January 1896 the first private 3 A Lumière demonstrations were held in London, and on Cinématographe ‘improved apparatus for taking photographs in 4 The poster for the rapid series’. 21 February the first UK commercial film Lumière Cinémato- William Kennedy-Laurie Dickson, a Scot screenings of the Lumière Cinématographe graphe shows a scene working at the Edison laboratories in New began at the Regent Street Polytechnic in from one of their Jersey, established in 1892 the principle of London. The admission charge was one first films, L’arroseur 35mm film with perforations in either side of shilling (5p). Among those who saw the films arrosé (The Waterer the series of during their three-week run was an optical Watered) 2 images, fed 4 vertically through a camera—essen- tially the standard that has persisted ever since. This became the Kinetoscope, which Dickson called ‘the crown and flower of nineteenth century magic’. This peep-show device, of the kind later known, somewhat disparagingly, as a ‘what- the-butler-saw’ machine, proved very popular. The first Kinetoscope parlour opened for Cinema-by-Sea | Part 1 9 History The story so far

1 Other film shows in Brighton, using variously named projectors, were to follow during the remainder of 1896. The Cinographoscope at the IMPERIAL HOTEL in Queen’s Road at the end of September. Chard’s Vitagraph at the Empire Theatre of Varieties (later the COURT CINEMA) in New Road from mid-October. The Hove Camera Club‘s annual exhibition at Hove Town Hall in November had some animated photographs organised by JAMES WILLIAMSON, a chemist with a shop in Church Road, Hove, where he developed and printed photographs for his customers. And finally, at Christmas R W Paul’s Theatrograph (another name for the Animatographe) featured in the Christmas pantomime at the THEATRE ROYAL. The programme included local scenes shot by ESMÉ COLLINGS, who was also involved in putting on the shows. 2 lanternist and showman from Hove, GEORGE ALBERT SMITH. On 9 March the Cinéma- The story of cinemas and cinema-going in tographe shows moved to the Empire Theatre Brighton, Hove and Shoreham begins on of Varieties in Leicester Square. page 27. Meanwhile, ROBERT W PAUL, an English electrical engineer had been involved in Local film-making begins moving pictures since making a copy in 1894 A number of places can claim to have of Edison’s Kinetoscope, which had not been witnessed pioneering efforts in the making of patented in the UK. Paul developed the films: West Orange NJ, New York, Lyon, Paris, technology to include projection on a screen Blackburn, Berlin, Walton-on-Thames and and started to make his own films in February Holmfirth (of Last of the Summer Wine fame) 1895, working with a photographer, Birt among them. But few can claim an equal role 1 R W Paul’s film of Acres, who consequently made the first film to Brighton and Hove in advancing mere film Brighton Beach, July shot in Britain (other than a test strip), outside towards its status as ‘cinema’. Yet this 1896—the first film his home in Barnet, north London. Paul’s films achievement was barely recognised at the shot in Brighton were shown to the public for the first time at time, nor for many years after. 2 Robert W Paul the Finsbury Technical College in 21 February It was not until 1945 that the city was put 1896, on the day the Cinématographe opened on the media history map in an essay by the in Regent Street. On 19 March he began French film historian GEORGES SADOUL, who screenings using his Theatrograph projector at coined the phrase ‘l’école de Brighton’ (the the Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly and two days Brighton school) to describe the work of ESMÉ later at the Olympia exhibition halls. That led COLLINGS,GEORGE ALBERT SMITH, JAMES to a two-week engagement at the Alhambra WILLIAMSON and ALFRED DARLING. music hall in Leicester Square, which In adopting that name Sadoul may have eventually extended to four years. unknowingly trampled on the sensitivities of the good people of Hove—which is, after all, Films arrive in Brighton where most of the work was done—but this Until now all film shows in England had been proved to be a transformative publication. The in London. On the same day that R W Paul’s study and writing of film history and theory shows began at the Alhambra, 25 March 1896, was only just getting into its stride in the mid- the first show outside the capital was held at 1940s, especially in France. Even the doyen of the PANDORA GALLERY, at 132 King’s Road, British film historians, Roger Manvell, had yet Brighton, opposite the West Pier. to catch up with the early events on his own By the beginning of July the Pandora doorstep. In 1968 an exhibition organised by Gallery had become the VICTORIA HALL. On 6 the British Film Institute about the Hove film July 1896 R W Paul’s ‘Celebrated Animato- pioneers was held during the Brighton graphe’ began a run of shows there that was so Festival. popular with residents and visitors that it But the watershed came in 1978 when the continued well into the autumn. International Federation of Film Archives 10 Part 1 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 2 Chronology

A year-by-year account of film and cinema in Brighton & Hove

1854 July 23 BIRT ACRES is born in Richmond, Virginia, USA. 1891 z WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE is declared bankrupt, his 1856 May 2 Emma Solomon (the future VIOLET MELNOTTE- photographic business having suffered because of the WYAT T) is born in Birmingham. time he has been devoting to his experiments in September 7 WILLIAM Green (later FRIESE GREENE) is cinematography and other inventions. born in Bristol. 1894 z GEORGE ALBERT SMITH (1864-1959) takes a lease on St November 8 JAMES A WILLIAMSON is born at Pathhead, Ann's Well Gardens, between Furze Road and Kirkaldy, Scotland. Somerhill Road, Hove, from the Goldsmid family. 1859 z Arthur Albert (ESMÉ)COLLINGS is born in Weston- Smith develops the pleasure gardens to include such super-Mare. novelties as a fortune teller and a hermit living in a 1860 z Elizabeth Alice Frances Hawkins-Whitshed (the cave. future MRS AUBREY LE BLOND) is born. z ALFRED DARLING begins an engineering business from 1861 z ALFRED DARLING is born in Lambeth, London. his home at 47 Chester Terrace, Brighton. 1862 February 4 LAURA BAYLEY is born in Ramsgate, Kent. November 21 Thomas Henry Sargent (MAX MILLER) is 1864 January 4 GEORGE ALBERT SMITH is born in London. born in Brighton 1867 April 15 CHARLES URBAN is born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1895 z An Edison Kinetoscope is installed at Brighton USA. AQUARIUM. 1869 October 3 ROBERT WPAUL is born in Holloway, London. November 8 X-rays are discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen. 1870 February 5 JOHN BENETT-STANFORD is born at West December 28 The Lumière Brothers give the first Tisbury, Gloucestershire. public demonstration of their films in Paris. z WILLIAM NORMAN LASCELLES DAVIDSON is born in 1896 January 12 The first X-ray photograph is taken. Kensington, London. January 14 BIRT ACRES gives a demonstration of 1874 August 2 SIDNEY MORGAN is born in Bermondsey, equipment and films with his ‘kinetic lantern’ to the London. Royal Photographic Society in London. 1876 July 18 Pioneering English animator ANSON DYER February 20 RWPAUL screens films to an invited (1876-1962) is born in Brighton, probably at 55 William audience at Finsbury Technical College, London. Street. February 20 A press preview of the Lumière cinémato- 1885 z The first UK long-distance telephone trunk line is graphe is held at the Regent Street Polytechnic, London, installed between London and Brighton. prior to the first UK commercial film screenings of the 1886 z JAMES WILLIAMSON (1855-1933) moves his pharmacy/ Lumière Cinématographe that begin the next day and photographic business from Ramsgate to 144 Church continue for three weeks. Road, Hove (later renumbered as 156), taking over the March 7 Regular screenings of the Lumière Cinémato- premises from a photographer called S Grey, formerly graphe begin at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, in partnership as Wells & Grey. [The premises at 156 Leicester Square, London. G A SMITH is among those Church Road were still a chemist's shop in 1948 and, who see the programme here. coincidentally, the new 144 was occupied by a March 16 G A SMITH presents the first of three photographer.] dioramic lectures at the Aquarium, using optical lantern 1887 z WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE (1855-1921) and ARTHUR illustrations to create 'brilliant dissolving views and ALBERT (ESMÉ) COLLINGS (1859-1936) establish a joint beautiful mechanical and dioramic effects'. During the photographic business with a studio at 69 Western year, at the Aquarium and on Hastings Pier, he Road, Hove. Friese Greene is a successful photographer continues to stage occasional week-long runs of these with, at various overlapping times, three studios in shows. London, two in Bath, and studios in Bristol (Clifton) March 25 RWPAUL begins a two-week season of film and Plymouth. screenings with his Animatographe at the Alhambra 1888 May 1 The partnership between WILLIAM FRIESE Theatre, Leicester Square that is extended to four years. GREENE, ESMÉ COLLINGS and James Whyte Collings is March 25 The first film show in Brighton (and first in dissolved. Esmé Collings keeps the photographic the UK outside London) is given at the PANDORA business at 69 Western Road, Hove (re-numbered 120 GALLERY, opposite the West Pier, using a 'cinemato- in 1893), where he remains until the First World War. graphe'. (Sussex Daily News, 26 March 1896). The December 28 STANLEY MUMFORD is born in London. Melrose Restaurant occpies the site. 1889 z WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE builds a ‘chronophotographic July 6 A film show of R W PAUL's 'Celebrated camera' with which he takes ‘animated photographs'. He Animatographe' is given at the Victoria Hall, (132) lives and mainly works in London at this time. King's Road, Brighton—formerly the Pandora Gallery— June 21 FRIESE GREENE applies for an English patent (no beginning an extended run. Programmes run through- 10131). out the day from 11.30 am to 10.30 pm. Admission is 1890 May 10 WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE’s patent for ‘improved 6d (2½p), reserved seats 1s (5p). R W Paul himself apparatus for taking photographs in rapid series’ is shoots a film during July of a small boat landing on granted. Brighton beach, 'with comic incidents'.

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 2 17 Chronology 1909-1911

March 1 The regular Kinemacolor programme is Admission costs 2d or 3d for adults, 1d or 2d for introduced at the Palace Theatre, where it runs for 18 children. months. z The first Kinemacolor drama production to be March Natural Colour Kinematograph Company is released is The Story of Napoleon. established by CHARLES URBAN. G A SMITH sells his September 22 The first purpose-built cinema to open interest in Kinemacolor for £5,000 (equivalent to in Brighton is the DUKE OF YORK'S CINEMA at Preston around £475,000 in current values) to Ada Jones, who Circus, which soon follows the renamed QUEEN'S soon marries Urban. Smith makes numerous films in ELECTRIC THEATRE (see 1909) This is still operating Kinemacolor but he and Urban fall out within a couple under the same name as an independent art-house of years. cinema. It is marked by a plaque. July 6 A royal party visits the Kinemacolor show at the October 13 Natural Colour Kinematograph Company Palace Theatre. (NCKC) advertises in Kinematograph and Lantern z DAVE AYLOTT makes 10 films for Williamson. Weekly that 'Full Advantage has been taken of the z JAMES WILLIAMSON directs his last film: a pioneering Recent Phenomenal Weather Conditions and a large natural history study of butterflies. number of Comic, Dramatic, Historic and General September JAMES WILLIAMSON ends film production. Natural Color Motion Picture Subjects have been November 25 Cinematograph Act, the first UK secured at Brighton under the production of Mr Theo legislation specifically concerned with film, resulting Bouwmeester'. More usually known as THEO FRENKEL from concern over fires caused by the highly (Bouwmeester is his maternal grandfather's family combustible nitrate film stocks, requires cinemas to be name), this Dutch actor and film-maker in fact makes licensed by local authorities. around 100 films for NCKC. Not all are made at the November 30 G A SMITH is granted a US patent for Cambridge Grove facility. colour kinematography (no 941,960), for which he had December 10 EMPIRE PICTURE THEATRE, opened by applied in June 1907. It is probably about now that HARRY SCRIVEN in Haddington Street, is the first cinema Kinemacolor opens a studio at 4500 Sunset Boulevard in Hove. in Hollywood. z People's Picture Palace cinema, soon renamed the December 11 GASMITH and CHARLES URBAN present ARCADIA CINEMA, is opened by F R Griffiths in the the first American screening of Kinemacolor films at former Arcadia Theatre of Varieties at the junction of Madison Square Garden in New York. Lewes Road and Park Crescent Place, Brighton. December 15 James Williamson gives a lecture to an 1911 z No fewer than nine cinemas open in Brighton & invited audience at Brighton Aquarium on ‘The Kine- Hove and district during the year, including two that matograph as an Educative Medium’ with illustrations are purpose-built and two that will continue in of natural history films and other documentaries, in- operation for more than 60 years. cluding How They Made a Man of Billy Brown (1908). February 22 CHARLES URBAN leases E DISTIN MADDICK’s 1910 z Six permanent cinemas open in the Brighton area, Scala Theatre in London for a year to showcase one a purpose-built building, the others in converted Kinemacolor. buildings. March 15 PRINCE'S IMPERIAL PICTURE PALACE AND January Charles Urban resigns from the Charles Urban THEATRE is opened by H Gutteridge at North Street, Trading Company to concentrate on developing the Portslade. products and market for Kinemacolor. April 11 ELECTRIC EMPIRE PICTURE PALACE opens at 76- February 1 Tom Barrasford, proprietor of the 77 George Street, the first purpose-built cinema in HIPPODROME dies at Hippodrome House in Middle Hove. Street, Brighton. June 6 ACADEMY CINEMA opens at 59 West Street, February 28 STAR CINEMA opens in a former Congrega- Brighton [below]. The opening programme includes tional Chapel in Shoreham. Kinemacolor films, with a talk by G A SMITH. spring CINEMA-DE-LUXE is opened by Electric Theatres June 22 The Coronation of George V is filmed in (1908) Ltd in the former printing works of the Brighton Kinemacolor. Gazette at 150 North Street, Brighton. June The Kinemacolor Company of America is formed. August The Electric Bioscope in Western Road expands into the next-door shop and is fitted out with dimmable auditorium lights, curtains revealing the screen and an orchestra. The name changes to QUEEN'S ELECTRIC THEATRE. z JAMES WILLIAMSON withdraws from film production and moves his company to London. His premises in Cambridge Grove are acquired by CHARLES URBAN's Kinemacolor company, the Natural Colour Kinemato- graph Company, which also has a studio in the south of France. The rear of the Brighton premises, backing onto the railway line just to the west of the junction of the lines from Hove to Brighton and London, still shows the word Kinemacolor in large white letters. July The GEM ELECTRIC CINEMA 'penny gaff' is opened by Mr J W Thompson in a shopfront site at 36a London Road, Brighton, seating 60 on wooden benches. Cinema-by-Sea | Part 2 21 Cinema-by-Sea | Part 3 Cinema-going

How and where films have been screened in Brighton and Hove 1

Within a single century cinema went from 1 2 being the sensation of the late Victorian age to become the most popular and potent form of mass entertainment and then to being the functional place for an occasional night out. Exactly 50 years after the very first films shows, cinema-going in Britain rose to a phenomenal peak of 1.64 billion admissions in 1946. It then slid back to almost zero (54 million) over the next 40 years but has crept back up again since the mid 1980s. 1 Advertisement indiscriminately. The name ‘Vitascope’ may The first film shows were ad hoc affairs, from the Sussex just have appeared in the trade press for the held wherever a projector and screen could be Daily News of 24 first time when the advertising copy changed, March, announcing a set up. Audiences flocked to see the but whether it came about in that way is far delay programmes of one-minute films of a train from clear. 2 Advertisement arriving at a station, or simple street scenes, or It is interesting to note that in the from the Sussex a procession going by, or children playing on Daily News of 4 replacement ad, the moving pictures take the beach at Brighton. April 1896 when X- second place to X-rays, which were also news. rays are included in Wilhelm Röntgen had announced his Films arrive in Brighton the programme discovery of X-rays at the turn of the year and On 25 March 1896, on the very day ROBERT W it may have been this exhibition that prompted PAUL began his pioneering film shows at the JAMES WILLIAMSON to acquire an X-ray Alhambra in Leicester Square, London, the machine for his pharmacy practice in Hove. first show outside the capital was held at the The subject was raised in the review of the PANDORA GALLERY, at 132 King’s Road, show that appeared in the Sussex Daily News Brighton, opposite the West Pier. It had been on 26 March: due to open a day earlier but was ‘unavoidably postponed’. These early film shows were There is something almost awesome in the sometimes prone to technical development of the art of photography during difficulties. Shows were held daily from the past twelve months. Scarcely a day passes but there is a record of some cure of long 11:30 am. suffering by the “new photography”, There is no certainty which enabling medical men to locate the seat of projector was used and which films mischief. In comparison with Professor were shown, nor indeed who ran the shows. Rontgen’s startling and far-reaching discovery, At first the advertisements referred to ‘the the latest development of instantaneous Cinématograph’, which changed, confusingly, photography, the Cinematographe, can only to ‘the Cinématographe or Vitascope’ in the occupy a position of secondary importance, advert that appeared in the Sussex Daily News though its results are scarcely less astonishing and distinctly more entertaining to the general on 4 April. But for the mention of the public. Considering the present scarcity of ‘Vitascope’, this would appear to confirm that these machines, Brighton is to be a Lumière machine was used. The Vitascope congratulated upon counting the Cinemato- was the name of the projector designed by graphe as one of its attractions. The Pandora Thomas Armat and built by the Edison Gallery, opposite the West Pier, was opened company in the USA. It was shown to the yesterday for the exhibition of this marvellous press on 4 April 1896 and put into commercial invention, for the Cinematographe, which is service on 23 April. So clearly the display in really an improvement on the kinetoscope, enlarges and projects upon the screen what is, Brighton could not have used that projector. to all appearance, a moving photograph, but, The proliferation of names for film in reality, a series of “snap-shots” of the same systems arose at least in part from protecting scene passing before the eye at the incredible (or circumventing) patents, but the press—and speed of 900 per minute. The succession of probably exhibitors as well—used names images follow one on the other at such Cinema-by-Sea | Part 3 27 Cinema-going The first shows

1

2

1 This seafront infinitesimal intervals that the effect conveyed that being shown at the London Alhambra ... photograph from to the retina is perfect in its illusion of [and] he is giving daily exhibitions at the 1896 happens to continuous vitality. The subjects of the Victoria Hall, nearly opposite the West Pier. A show a sign towards pictures, which will be changed weekly, are number of ladies and gentlemen accepted the right of the principally dances, but it is hoped shortly to invitations to be present at the inaugural picture saying shew the King’s-road, the cycle promenade, exhibition yesterday, when the animatographe ‘Animatographe’. The and other local incidents that will doubtless was manipulated by the inventor in person. white bow-fronted attract the crowded audience they deserve. Making allowances for preliminary building that was the For the Easter holidays the Pandora added difficulties, which can easily be met in future, Pandora Gallery the performance was remarkably successful. before becoming the new scenes and used an ironic verbal In fact, one or two “scenes” which were put Victoria Hall, still formulation to promote the ‘enormous success through twice came out much better at the stands and is now the of “Trilby”. Svengali’s death-scene to the life!’ second than at the first trial. The pictures Melrose Restaurant Trilby by George du Maurier, published in included several which have already become 2 Advertisement in 1894, was the literary sensation of the time famous. The victory of Persimmon in the the Brighton Gazette and was produced on stage by Herbert Derby, and the arrival of the Paris express at and Sussex Beerbohm Tree in September 1895. The Calais, were both received with enthusiasm; Telegraph for 10 leading Punch cartoonist, du Maurier died in but, artistically, a much better picture was September 1896 October 1896. The film was described in the obtained in a boat scene at Brighton. The Edison catalogue as ‘very funny’. troubles of landing experienced by a party of By early July the Pandora Gallery was re- young men and women are most clearly and named the Victoria Hall. On 6 July 1896 an humorously pourtrayed [sic]. Another excellent effect shows the entrance to the West extended run of R W Paul’s ‘Celebrated Pier at a busy moment; while a party of young Animatographe’ began. The programme ran people, whose movements are conspicuous, for 11 hours a day from 11:30 am, admission might easily be recognised. Then there is a 6d (2½p), reserved seats 1s (5p). The Brighton representation of a rough sea at Ramsgate, two Gazette (7 July 1896) gives a vivid account of or three street scenes in London, a conjuring the opening and hints at the continuing performance by David Devant, and various problems of putting on such shows. other subjects. The entertainment has necessarily to take place in total darkness, but Reports of the extraordinary effects produced the otherwise weird effect is relieved by music. by Mr R. W. Paul’s instrument, the animatographe, now being shown at the The experience of watching in a totally dark London Alhambra, have roused the curiosity room was weird enough to merit comment. of Brightonians to a considerable pitch. It was R W Paul had filmed the 1896 Derby on 3 inevitable that before long they should have June and screened the results in London the an opportunity, here on the spot, of testing for next day. The Brighton & Hove Guardian (8 themselves the truth of the statements circulated, and yesterday the first opportunity July 1896) was exuberant in its praise: was afforded to them of so doing. Mr R. W. We strongly recommend the exhibition to our Paul has brought an instrument, similar to readers, as upon the whole one of the most 28 Part 3 | Cinema-by-Sea CInema-going Technology challenges

the Danish-Swedish film I, A Woman (Jeg— 4 en kvinde) but then relented. Such variations and deviations have rarely occurred since. However, the emergence of a richer independent film-making culture— high-definition video production provides the cheapest and most accessible means ever to shoot movies—has brought local authority licensing departments back into the frame. gap while new films were made. In the Micro-budget films that have not been summer of 1951 one of the hits of the Festival through the costly process of applying for a of Britain was the Telekinema (later the BBFC certificate can apply for a local National Film Theatre). A programme of 3D classification for screenings within the city. shorts produced by a company called Stereo- Techniques was shown. The sales director was Technological alternatives KENNETH NYMAN, proprietor of the CURZON A surprising number of alternatives to KINEMA in Brighton. The films were screened conventional films have been seen in Brighton at the Curzon in special morning shows in European films were cinemas, even in the early days. The first was April 1952, admission 6d (2½p). popular in the colour films made by the Natural Colour MGM revived an anaglyph format that it mainstream cinemas Kinematograph Company with the name had first tried in 1941 and which was now in the 1950s: Kinemacolor (see page 141). These films were released as Metroscopix to support the main 1 Bicycle Thieves a features of the programming at the ACADEMY feature, screened at the SAVOY, Brighton and 2 Mon Oncle 3 French Can-Can CINEMA when it opened in 1911 and con- the GRANADA, Hove. 4 An audience tinued there for the next two or three years. The first 3D feature film shown in watching a 3D film In 1914 two Brighton cinemas showed Brighton, Man in the Dark, was seen at the in the 1950s experiments in 3D film, a concept on which ESSOLDO in June 1953. Unusually, it ran in inventors, including WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE in separate performances and at premium prices. Brighton, had been working for almost as long Bwana Devil ('A lion in your lap, a lover in as pictures could move. The ARCADIA had the your arms') came hot on its heels the next Stereoscopograph projection system, about week. Two weeks later the Technicolor chiller 1 which nothing is known. However, at around House of Wax opened at the ASTORIA for a the same time the PALLADIUM put on shows of four-week run, immediately followed by Kinoplastikon, ‘films without a screen’, along another stereoscopic sensation, Sangaree, on with other films on the normal screen. This the newly installed wide screen. The Astoria was developed by Theodore Brown, whose day continued to be Brighton’s only 3D venue into job was as editor of Kinematograph and 1954, showing films that had already been on Lantern Weekly. He was a prolific inventor ABC-owned first-run screens (the SAVOY and and an associate of CHARLES URBAN. This idea GRANADA) in ‘flat’ versions. was based on the stage illusion known as However, it was Cinemascope that won ‘Pepper’s ghost’ in which images are projected out in the battle of the formats and 3D fizzled 2 onto a pane of glass, angled at 45 degrees to out by mid 1954. We had to wait more than 40 the audience. years for stereoscopy to re-emerge in the In 1924 the EMPIRE PICTURE THEATRE in digital age, after more than a century of Hove showed Plastigram 3D films. This was development. All Brighton’s cinemas (but not an anaglyph system, requiring the audience to all screens) are now equipped for digital 3D wear spectacles with separate red and green screenings. However, it is debatable whether filters over each eye. The REGENT screened a the revived interest in 3D at the end of the 3D film that did not require glasses (known as 2000s can survive to rise above the level of ‘autostereoscopy’) in 1925. It is not known another short-lived gimmick. 3 which technology was used but it probably For some, although not for technological involved a beaded or lenticular screen, using a reasons, foreign-language films are regarded as principle similar to the plastic cards in which just as unconventional. In the 1950s main- the image appears to move when the card is stream cinemas showed occasional foreign tilted from side to side. films, such as Bicycle Thieves, Mon Oncle, With the advance of television in the early French Can-Can and Le Salaire de la Peur 1950s, Hollywood studios looked to new film (The Wages of Fear), although it was the formats to retain audiences. A brief surge of CONTINENTALE and the shorter-lived BRIGHTON interest in 3D gave an opportunity for a FILM THEATRE that were the more regular collection of mainly British 3D films to fill the venues for European cinema. 38 Part 3 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinemas Continentale Cinema

Continentale Cinema 1946 November 30 Changed from cinema use to Sudeley Place, Kemp Town, Brighton become the Playhouse Theatre with a repertory operated 1920-1986 company. King’s Cliff Cinema/Sudeley Place Picture House 1948 Acquired by MILES BYRNE, who at this time is 1920-1943 entering the cinema business in Hereford, which Metro Cinema 1948? becomes his main base. Sunday shows of French Picture Playhouse 1949 films are introduced. The repertory theatre is Playhouse Cinema 1949-1951 dispensed with in favour of films and gives its last Continentale Cinema 1951-1986 performance on 26 March 1949. 1920 Opened as the King’s Cliff Cinema (also 1949 March 28 Renamed the Playhouse Cinema, known as the Sudeley Place Picture House) in a leased to GEORGE FERNIE. converted Congregational chapel (built in 1891), 1950 December Closes for installation of heating converted by local architects Denman & Matthew and 300 new seats. (Brighton). Proprietors are W & R A Easter. 1951 April 30 The name is changed to Continental Continuous shows, three changes a week, 300 seats, Playhouse and almost immediately after to the prices 6d-1s 6d. Proscenium is 21 feet wide. Continentale Cinema, showing European films. 1921 Tea room at the back is knocked through into 1953 January Infra-red heating system installed. the main auditorium, adding 78 seats. Listed in KYB as run by Fernie & Sydenham. Prices 1924 Prices are reduced to 5d-1s 3d. 1s 6d-3s 1d. 1930 Owned by Mrs L Reith Fellows (see also 1957 Listed as run by G H Fernie. Prices 1d 6d-3s TIVOLI, Western Road, Hove). GB-Kalee sound 2d. system installed. 1961 Converted for Cinemascope. Prices 1s 6d-3s. 1931 Proprietors are L&ABell. 1965 Owned and, following the death of George 1934 Prices reduced to 4d-9d. Fernie, also managed by the Miles Byrne Organisa- 1939 September 2 Re-opens after (still incomplete) tion (now at 2 St John’s Road, Burgess Hill). refurbishment. It closes the next day under the Complete refurbishment carried out at a cost of wartime restrictions on cinema opening. £5,000. Programming changes to art-house films 1941 Proprietors are now H S Walker and D J (Jules et Jim) in the evenings, soft porn films (My Hayes. Programmes daily from 14:15. Prices 5d-1s Bare Lady) in the afternoons, with Hollywood re- 1 The entrance to the 2d. runs for the holidays. [The art-house films are later Continentale in in 1942 Prices 4d-1s 6d dropped in favour of an all-sex regime.] 1966, when the 1943 May Re-opens after temporary closure since 1967 Brighton Council refuses to accept the BBFC double bill included 1941. certificate (X, subsequently reduced to 15) for the French musical, 1946 Renamed Metro News Kine by the new Joseph Strick’s film of James Joyce’s Ulysses and Umbrellas of owners (Jack Leslie & Co) with a news theatre briefly bans the film. [Byrne’s Orion Cinema in Cherbourg policy, but reverts to feature films by the end of July. Burgess Hill is meanwhile allowed to show the film.] 2 The doorway in Prices now 10d-1s 6d, continuous from 15:15, 1968 Brighton Council briefly refuses to accept the 1966—cinema, but booked at the hall; proscenium width now 14ft, BBFC X-rated classification for the Swedish film I, not punctuation, at according to the Kine Year Book (KYB) British A Woman. its best Acoustic Films (BAF) sound system. 1968 Capacity now given as 267 seats. Prices 4s, 5s. Screen 20ft x 9ft, Cinemascope.

1 2

48 Part 3 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinemas Victoria Hall—West Pier

Troxy Cinema 1931 Two changes weekly. Prices 6d-1s 10d. amusement arcade and closed again. Plans to turn it 104 North Road, 1932 An optical sound system is installed. Prices into a lap-dancing club in 2003 were rejected by the Brighton 7d-1s 10d. council after concerted opposition. operated 1934-1938 1936 In response to the refurbishment of the z The entrance area became a coffee house in 2006. see Coronation nearby CURZON, the Tivoli is redecorated, with new The auditorium was demolished in July 2007 and Cinema projectors, new carpets, new seats with padded arm replaced by housing. UGC Cinemas rests and, at the front of house, a new canopy and Brighton Marina revolving door. operated 1999-date 1934 Prices 6d and 1s. Victoria Hall see Cineworld 1946 November 2 Closed while a new, larger 132 King’s Road, Brighton Virgin Cinemas projection box is constructed with access from the operated 1896 z ANDORA ALLERY Brighton Marina front of house, to replace the previous one, which was This was previously the P G . 1896 July 6 AUL operated 1995-1999 condemned as a health and safety risk (see 1912). RW P ’s ‘Celebrated Animatographe’ see Cineworld 1946 December 26 Re-opens. begins a run of shows that lasts until November. Admission 6d, reserved seats 1s. Vogue Cinema 1948 Acquired by HARRY JACOBS, who also owns the Lewes Road, Brighton z The GEM CINEMA is at this address in the 1950s. CURZON. Prices 10d and 1s 9d, 350 seats, continuous operated 1971-1979 see Gaiety Cinema performances, booked at the hall; proscenium 20ft. 1950 April Land acquired behind the cinema is used Winton’s Hall West Pier Pavilion Church Street, to extend the auditorium by 60 feet. King’s Road, Brighton Shoreham 1950 May 15 Re-opens with the name Embassy operated 1895-c1914 operated 1910-1914 Cinema; 398 seats; Walturdaw sound system. 1895 spring Several Edison kinetoscope machines see Star Electric 1953 Prices 1s-2s 8d. were installed on the pier. Picture Palace 1957 Prices 1s-2s 9d; two changes weekly. 1900 October A programme by Gordon & Co of 1961-62 Prices 1s 6d-3s. London, Sons of the Empire, includes films of the 1967 Acquired from Harry Jacobs by MILES BYRNE, Boer War and JAMES WILLIAMSON’s Attack on a booked at Byrne House, 2 St John’s Road, Burgess Hill. Chinese Mission. Regular shows at 15:00 and 20:00 1979 May Planning permission to split the building daily. Around this time Gordon & Co ran the into a gambling club and smaller cinema upstairs is Rotunda and a separate franchise on the pier for refused, so Byrne looks to take over the BRIGHTON Edison’s phonograph and kinetoscopes. FILM THEATRE (see PRINCE’S CINEMA). 1910 Alfred J West’s Our Navy and Our Army films 1981 April 25 Closes. The final films are a double are still being shown. bill of The Spaceman and King Arthur and Dumbo. 1912 October ‘Open air day and night cinema’ is an z It was briefly a music venue (apparently closed as attraction at the pier head. Three two-hour shows such after fights at a gig by The Jam) and then the daily at 11:00, 15:00 and 19:30. A special ‘day and Black Cat bingo club until the late 1980s. It was later night screen’ is set back within a black proscenium used, still virtually unchanged from its cinema ‘resembling a big tent’ forming an enclosure seating layout, as a pine furniture supermarket and then as 400 people. It was still in operation six months later. a Lazer Warriors adventure game site and for other z A MUTOSCOPE machine was on the pier in 1901 retail and leisure purposes. It then became an (see below).

Mutoscope parlours One of the attractions on the West Pier in 1901 was a Mutoscope machine—the classic penny-in-the- slot ‘what the butler saw’ device—in which the sequence of film images was printed onto cards that flipped over as the handle is turned, creating the illusion of movement. Clearly a hit with the lads in their caps, knickerbockers and boots. The country’s first Mutoscope parlour outside London opened at 22 Western Road, Brighton at the end of November 1898. The busi- ness was based at 27b West Street, which also had viewing facilities, and there were other parlours around Brighton from the end of 1898 until around 1903, at 105 King’s Road and 50 Western Road. The manager at West Street in 1901 was a Mr Alexander, in 1902-03 Mr C Glenister.

74 Part 3 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 4 Films: the silent era The chequered history of film-making and film-makers in Brighton and Hove

Film-making began in Brighton and Hove in In the beginning the simplest way to make  next to a film title July 1896 when ROBERT W PAUL shot a film on films was to point the camera at anything—the indicates that it can Brighton beach to include in his ‘celebrated beach, the street—and shoot. For the time be viewed online, animatographe’ programme that began a run being, that was enough to create ‘the sensation usually on YouTube Cross-references to at the VICTORIA HALL on King’s Road on 6 July. of the century’. names of people He was followed by his colleague BIRT ACRES But then the urge made itself felt to put included in Part 7 are in August. Around that time the first of something different in front of the camera. shown in SMALL Brighton’s own film-makers emerged. ESMÉ Why not also make local versions of the films CAPITALS COLLINGS was a portrait photographer with a the Lumière brothers had shown to such studio at 120 Western Road, Hove. For a year resounding applause in Paris and London? So or so he had been in partnership with the Collings shot Hose Scene, recreating more famous WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE but had L’arroseur arrosé , the film seen in the dissolved the business in 1888 because of Lumière poster (see page 9)—possibly the first Friese Greene’s unreliability and tendency to staged scene filmed in Britain—and Train spend time and money on an endless stream arriving at Dyke Station. When in 1897 G A of projects, foremost among them being the Smith made Arrival and Departure of a Train pursuit of moving pictures. But Collings at Hove (see the title page) he could have been would obviously have been aware of his copying either. former partner’s experiments. Collings lost interest in film very quickly At all events, he was quick off the mark. It and his activity barely lasted out the year. But is not clear how and where he acquired his at the beginning of October 1896 he made first camera. At this time the market for films what is probably the first ever film featuring a and equipment had yet to develop and the few named, established performer. AUGUSTE VAN enthusiasts either built their own cameras and BIENE and company were appearing at the projectors or acquired them from other early Eden Theatre in his musical melodrama The adopters. Collings may have bought one from Broken Melody in the week ending 3 October. the likes of R W Paul or BIRT ACRES or perhaps [For the record, MARIE ILLINGTON was starring he built one for himself—but during the early a few doors away at the THEATRE ROYAL that summer of 1896 he started to shoot films on same week.] Collings filmed van Biene in a the seafront and beach between the piers. scene from the play. A second film, entitled On 18 September 1896 the second Musical Party, Van Biene, was also shot. important figure to become involved in local In November Collings was in Paris, where film-making, the mechanical engineer ALFRED he filmed the Csar, stopping off in London on DARLING, began to carry out small jobs for the way back to record the Lord Mayor’s Show. Collings. This continued until December, The other significant ‘first’ attributed to when Darling undertook his first work for Collings is Victorian Lady in Her Boudoir, in GEORGE ALBERT SMITH. which the lady removes her outer garments in Brighton and Hove’s first film-makers a manner that earned the film a reputation as came from differing but complementary the first ‘blue movie’, deemed suitable only for backgrounds. Collings was a portrait gentlemen’s smoking parties. He also filmed photographer and artist, JAMES WILLIAMSON a some short scenes commissioned by the Irish pharmacist in Church Road, Hove since 1886, actor-manager Lewis Sealy for inclusion in where he also carried out processing and stage shows to accompany live performers and printing for local photographers, and Smith singers. was a showman and optical lanternist well practised in entertaining audiences with visual George Albert Smith picked up where Collings trickery. And as we shall see, Smith was also left off. In his first year as a film-maker, 1897, lucky enough to be married to an actress, Smith made 40 films (or 34 if different scenes LAURA BAYLEY, with a talent for comedy, which in series are not counted separately), including would prove to be a fruitful asset as their film- his own versions of some popular films, such making partnership developed. as Children Paddling at the Seaside and Cinema-by-Sea | Part 4 75 Films: the silent era Film technique develops

It was also one of three films from that 1 2 year in which he used superimposition in addition to the jump cut. This was a difficult effect to achieve and involved careful planning. The main scene had to be shot first. Then the film was wound back in the camera and re-exposed through a circular mask designed to fit the new image into the blacked-out area of the main scene. Music hall provided a ready supply of GASmith’s Santa Claus combined performers for early films, not least those who special effects techniques that he lived in Brighton. (They rarely lived in the pioneered. After putting the children more genteel environs of Hove.) Over the next to bed (left), the maid turns out the few years novelty acts were filmed much as light. This is effected by a jump cut; they were performed on stage, usually when during the break the wall of the set is covered with a black cloth, the on the bill at one of the local halls. G A Smith maid holding (or resuming) the made an ‘animated portrait’ of Marie Lloyd, same position (below). one of the visiting greats, outside the Alhambra Theatre (the future PALLADIUM CINEMA) on King’s Road in 1898, although this was more of a staged documentary, albeit one obviously made with her collaboration. James Williamson was bringing himself up to speed with a mixture of actuality scenes— cricketers at the Sussex county ground, holiday-makers in the fairground at Devil’s Dyke, Barnum’s circus parading along Hove seafront—and comedies. For performers The film is carefully and precisely Williamson, lacking Smith’s contacts, usually rewound and the vignette of Santa looked no further than his own children and on the roof is superimposed on the himself. He made his first film appearance in dark wall. The vignette ends and 1898, daughter Florence the following year. Santa appears through the drapes in But more significantly his two eldest sons, the still dark room to put presents in Alan and Colin, featured as Two Naughty the children’s stockings. Smith then uses another jump cut to make Santa Boys in three films made in 1898, with more disappear suddenly to follow in due course. The concept of the comedy series was born, soon to be taken up even more enthusiastically by G A Smith over another film-maker, of a popular kind known All films by G A the next couple of years in half a dozen films as a phantom ride—shot from a flat car in Smith with Tom Green and Mr Hunter as The Two front of a railway engine—and, at the point 1 Santa Claus began Old Sports and other such pairings. Although where the train goes into a tunnel, inserted his with a printed film Williamson’s work was not (yet) as technically own scene of a man and woman (played by title—a previously adventurous as his Hove contemporary’s, the unknown practice, as Smith and wife Laura Bayley) inside a was descriptions of his sketches suggest a very carriage. He gets up, removes his top hat, 2 the single frame pleasant English sense of humour. kisses her, then sits down (on his hat) as if claiming copyright If 1899 proved to be a relatively quiet year nothing had happened, just before the train 3 A Kiss in the in terms of output, it did produce one film emerges from the tunnel. This is claimed as Tunnel that is regarded as a major landmark in film probably the earliest example of film editing, technique: The Kiss in the Tunnel . Smith in the sense of what later theorists called took existing footage by 3

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 4 77 Films: the silent era Cameras roll in Shoreham

Theatre on Western Road, Brighton in 1909— ruin of an old fort at Shoreham, dating from as it happened, one of the longest surviving Napoleonic times, as a ‘studio’. The Sunny cinema sites in the city through its various South Film Company made eight short films names, including the CURZON. In 1911 he in 1914-1915 before F L Lyndhurst, one of the formed the Brighton and County Film Com- founders, took over the business and changed pany. The one minute Xmas Greeting Film its name to the Sealight Film Company. For that he made towards the end of the year was this he built a glass-house studio (see page probably a trial run for screening to patrons at 204) further west, at King’s Gap, on a concrete his cinema. It was not entirely unknown for slab that was laid on the shingle, adjacent to cinemas to screen locally-made films: the the newly built Church of the Good Shepherd. HIPPODROME and the PALLADIUM had started However, the new company made only one showing their own newsreels in 1909 and the four-reel film, directed by Lyndhurst, in 1916. Empire Picture Theatre followed suit with With war raging just across the Channel, Eddie Scriven’s newsreels the following year. Lyndhurst then sold the studio to the Olympic Speer himself had started to programme the Kine Trading Company, a film distributor that Pathé Animated Gazette during 1911. was probably thinking of a move into produc- Serious production got under way in tion. If so, it never happened and Olympic 1912—and the company was renamed sold the studio on, without ever rolling the Brightonia—with two more sustained efforts, cameras, to FRANK E SPRING, a film producer a melodrama and a crime story, shot on from Lancashire who had recently set up the location in the area. Speer directed these films Progress Film Company. All 17 films made at himself but for the six films made by Shoreham by Progress were directed by SIDNEY Brightonia in 1913 the company brought in an MORGAN and photographed by STANLEY J 1 Films could also be actor/director, ARTHUR CHARRINGTON, about MUMFORD. The studio had a repertory watched in the com- whom little is known. The production company of actors, although it was a feature of fort of the home with ambitions were on a new scale. One of the British cinema at that time (perhaps a func- this hand-cranked films, The Grip of Iron, lasted almost an hour. contraption, made to tion of its size) that actors and directors were resemble a sewing Perhaps it was Charrington who brought frequently reunited in various combinations. machine, then the along a group of actors who not only formed Progress was riding the wave of production in only widely available the nucleus of a repertory company at the wake of war. domestic gadget. It Brightonia but went on after the First World A major fire of some studio buildings in was introduced in War to make films at Shoreham. Among them 1922 stopped Progress in its tracks and the 1912 and, for safety, were NELL EMERALD (sister-in-law of stage star company never recovered. It leased what was used non-standard Stanley Lupino and aunt of IDA LUPINO), her left of the studio facilities to Walter West and 28mm non-flam- sister Monnie Mine, FRANK EPETLEY and H mable film. The lamp then the Carlton Film Company, which made AGAR LYONS, who, a year after Brighton, was in was powered by a the last films at Shoreham for 34 years. Sidney dynamo, charged by the new film colony of Hollywood to appear Morgan and Frank Spring went on to make turning the handle. It in the first Kinemacolor feature film. films for Julius Hagen’s Astra-National cost £15, including Meanwhile, seven miles to the west, a Productions and Sidney Morgan played the two films. Think group of music hall comedians started to make part of Joxer Daly in Alfred Hitchcock’s film of early DVD films of their best-known sketches, using the Juno and the Paycock (1930). The last silent film made in the Brighton 1 area was called Auntie’s Antics. It was a classic (and quite early) example of a ‘quota quickie’. The 1927 Cinematograph Films Act intro- duced a requirement for all British cinemas to devote at least five per cent of screen time to British films, starting on 1 October 1928. This small but guaranteed market was targeted by producers and distributors who saw an oppor- tunity to make cheap films simply to satisfy the quota—never mind the quality. Auntie’s Antics was made at Preston by a couple called Wilf Gannon and Hilda Sayer for £114 and sold on to a distributor for £125. It may well have been little more than an amateur production for all we can tell. That was the whimper with which Brighton film-making came to an end for the time being. 86 Part 4 | Cinema-by-Sea Films: silent 1896

usually have been processed and printed. In the † Films known to interests of completeness of the listings for have survived Brighton & Hove film-makers, these are Silent included but titles are shown in lighter type.  Films that can Some films have alternative titles. The be viewed online earliest productions never had a title on the (usually on Many films were made in Brighton and Hove actual film, so the names are those given in YouTube) during the early silent film era. In the first year catalogues or programmes. The first titled films Cross-references to of production alone, 1896, possibly more than appeared around 1902—G A Smith’s Santa names of people in two dozen films were shot in Brighton, most Claus being perhaps the first. As films were sold the biographies apparently in the area between the two piers. outright, different showmen/exhibitors gave the section are in SMALL Esmé Collings made several story films that films different titles. This can lead to confusion. CAPITALS were probably shot in Brighton, in addition to Despite extensive checking and attempts at the topographical titles listed below, and made rationalisation, it is therefore possible that some at least 25 films in 1896. films have been listed more than once. Not all the films listed here were necessarily Dates are normally of release, based on shot in Brighton and Hove—usually evidenced inclusion in catalogues and trade advertising, from the title—but were made by film-makers and can be assumed to be soon after working from the city, where the films would completion of the film, except as stated.

Policeman and Cook (alt title Love Scene) # comic. # All Collings’ films Rough Sea (alt titles The Hove Sea Wall in a Gale are approximately and Ocean Waves in a Storm) #. 40ft. Films marked # 1896 Street Scene #. were offered for sale West Street Brighton (alt title A Street in Brighton) in Germany in #. January 1897 by Romain Talbot, a R W PAUL and BIRT ACRES Filmed by ESMÉ COLLINGS away from Brighton Berlin distributor, who gave the length On Brighton Beach (R W PAUL, July) † The first film Crowd at Law Court. as 23 metres (90ft). shot in Brighton. In the middle distance, a small Crowded Streets in London #. This is probably an boat comes in and leaves again as people mill Czar in Paris two films (6-8 November). exaggeration. around at the water’s edge. See page 10.  English Cavalry in Aldershot two films #. Brighton on a Bank Holiday (BIRT ACRES, August). The Lord Mayor’s Show (alt title Lord Mayor) # King’s Road and the West Pier. (9 November). Landing at Low Tide (BIRT ACRES, August). Military Scene #. Scrambling Urchins (BIRT ACRES, August). Portsmouth: The Ferry #. Runners at Gatwick #. 2 ESMÉ COLLINGS Sailors of an English Warship. probably shot in Brighton Soldiers in Portsmouth (alt title Bathers on the Beach at Brighton † (summer). Soldiers Landing) #. Bicycle Rider #. A Street in Portsmouth #. Boys Under Pier (alt title Boys scrambling for Street Traffic in London #. pennies under the West Pier Brighton) (August). Westminster Bridge #. The Broken Melody # (October) A simple story film Workmen Leaving Portsmouth featuring AUGUSTE VAN BIENE, the actor-cellist in a Dockyard #. scene from his popular melodrama. Children On The Beach #. 1 Children Paddling (alt title Children Playing in the Sea) †#(August). Crowds at Brighton #. Donkey Riding (summer). Dyke Station (alt title Train arriving at Dyke Station) # Re-creation of the famous Lumière film, demonstrating Collings’ awareness of the films made for the Cinématographe. Hose Scene (alt title Comic Scene). Re-creation of another famous Lumière film, L’arroseur arrosé #. King’s Road Brighton (alt titles Brighton Front on a Bank Holiday and The Promenade at Brighton) # 1 Esmé Collings: (August). Boys Under Pier Musical Party, Van Biene (October) see also The 2 Esmé Collings: Broken Melody, above. Donkey Riding Cinema-by-Sea | Part 4 87 Films: silent 1902

Not the 1902 coronation The big news event of 1902—apart from the end of the Boer War—was Edward VII’s coro- nation, the first such ceremonial since Queen Victoria’s in 1838 and the first since the advent of the cinematograph. The Mutoscope and Biograph company had secured the rights to film the actual event, So CHARLES URBAN of Warwick Trading Company commissioned a version of the ceremony to be co-directed by GEORGE ALBERT SMITH and Georges Méliès and made with actors in advance at Méliès' Star Films studio in Montreil, Paris. The idea was to have the film ready for release at the time of the event on 26 June. However, the king fell ill and the coronation was postponed until 9 August. This still shows that the lavish production of the Coronation of Their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandria [sic] (alt title Le Sacré d’Edouard) would probably have outshone its actuality rivals, hinting at the enhanced production values that were to come.

kitchen, building the fire in the range and Gander, Hey Diddle Diddle*, Jack and Jill, Little blacking the boots, Smith cuts from the wider Miss Muffet, Old King Cole and Blackbird Pie*, establishing shot to closer shots to direct the Old Mother Hubbard*, Old Woman in a Shoe, audience’s attention. In particular, he uses close- Sing a Song of Sixpence (*copies survive from ups of LAURA BAYLEY as Mary Jane playing to the Biokam versions). Smith may have shot two camera when she admires her smudged face in a versions of some or all parts on standard 35mm mirror and of her pouring paraffin on the fire in and 17.5mm Biokam. Released in the US by which she winks at the camera. This is an unusual Edison, February 1903. and significant breaking of the ‘fourth-wall’ Oh That Collar Button! (50ft). convention, drawing the audience into complicity Old Lady Tries to Thread Her Needle † (45ft) with her actions. When the fire explodes and Possibly the version of Grandma Threading Her blows Mary Jane up the chimney, Smith uses a Needle (1900) released in the US by Edison, jump cut just as the cloud of smoke expands to September 1902. A 45ft copy with this title dated take Mary Jane out of shot. She next appears (in 1902 is in the National Film Archive. life-size dummy form) emerging from the chim- Pa’s Comment on the Morning News † (44ft/75ft). ney and descending in pieces. The close-up of her A ‘facial’, showing Pa reading the paper, thumping tombstone, effectively an intertitle—complete with the table and breaking his boiled egg, which ‘Rest in Pieces’ joke—gives way to a graveyard smells bad. Released in the US by American scene through a vertical soft-edge wipe—both Mutoscope and Biograph Company, April 1903. pioneering aspects of film grammar. Finally, the Also released in a 17.5mm Biokam version with women who visit the grave are scared away by the title How Pa Reads the Morning Paper. Mary Jane’s superimposed ghost. She reaches Pantomime Girls Having a Lark (50ft). Possibly down the paraffin can and returns to the earth as made to show during a stage performance. her cat stands by the grave. A substantially Policeman and Burglar † (46ft). A policeman finds extended reworking of Biograph’s How Brigit a burglar at work, they fight and the policeman Made the Fire (1900) and a two-shot Edison film, makes an arrest. Possibly originated on 17.5mm The Finish of Bridget McKeen (1901), this shows Biokam. May be the last scene of After Dark (qv). the level of sophistication to which Smith’s film- Robinson Crusoe † (53ft). Scenes from a making has aspired. Released in the US by pantomime featuring a parrot and a monkey as Biograph, Kleine, Edison and S Lubin, April 1903. well as Mr and Mrs Crusoe and some dancing See page 81. girls. Crusoe may be played by LAURA BAYLEY. A The Monk in the Monastery Wine Cellar (50ft). section called Pierrots survives. Released in the US by Biograph, April 1903. Tambourine Dancing Quartet (135ft). The Monk in the Studio (100ft). Featuring D That Awful Cigar (alt title A Bad Cigar) (100ft). Philippe. May be a copy or re-release of A Bad Cigar (1900). The Monk’s Macaroni Feast (125ft). Featuring D Tommy and the Mouse in the Art School (alt title Philippe. Little Willie and the Mouse) (50ft). The Monk’s Ruse for Lunch (100ft). Featuring D Tommy Atkins and his Harriet on a Bank Holiday Philippe. (50ft). Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes (totalling 550ft or Too Much of a Good Thing (50ft). 600ft). Features TOM GREEN. Eight scenes, The Two Old Sports at the Music Hall (75ft). Latest probably re-enacted from a pantomime: Goosey in the series by TOM GREEN and Mr Hunter. 98 Part 4 | Cinema-by-Sea Films: silent 1905

1

1 Our New Errand This chance is soon offered by the policeman with people arriving from various angles. The Boy was shot in the leaving his coat and helmet outside a house where scene of the two boys crossing the railway bridge streets near the he is entertained by the cook. The tramp makes has the rest of Wilbury Villas in the background Williamson studio, excellent use of these on a country road, where he and the water cart scene also shows the road many of them still extracts a tip from a scorching motorist. He then stretching beyond. Three scenes make use of the easily identifiable. sends the policeman on a fool’s errand on being corners of buildings to show people approaching The two boys (top asked concerning the lost property and feels from two angles. Released in the US by right) are walking amply revenged.’ (Butcher’s catalogue). Williamson & Co, 14 March 1908. over the railway Two Brave Little Japs (September, 490ft). War The Polite Lunatic (September, 100ft). A lunatic bridge, with the melodrama. tries to return a putty knife to a workman who newly built tree-lined runs away in fear, leading to a comedy chase. Wilbury Villas The Prodigal Son, or Ruined at the Races (August, behind them. The 585ft). Williamson’s longest film to date, in 10 studio was almost scenes and running for almost 10 minutes. ‘An immediately to the 1905 excellent picture story, well told, in natural left of and below the scenery, with good racecourse scene. bridge. The scene of The Real Sea Serpents. Uncertain. the errand boy and The Rival Barbers † (July, 125ft). ‘Barber No 1 the curate (bottom JAMES WILLIAMSON for Williamson Kinemato- displays a striking advertisement which Barber No 2 left) is conveniently graph Company (WKC), all also distributed adds to, to the detriment of Barber No 1. Some boys placed next to the by Charles Urban Trading Company and a gent see the joke, but not Barber No 1, who, street name in Brown’s Half Holiday † (July, 400ft). Brown thinking he has caught the delinquent, hands the Wilbury Villas (close wants to play tennis but his wife gets him to help gent into his shop, lathers him and kicks him out to the junction with with spring-cleaning. Tasks go wrong. He traces a again to the amusement of Barber No 2, who com- Cromwell Road), gas leak, is blown up and thrown onto the tennis miserates with his rival.’ (Butcher’s catalogue). although the sign court. Released in the US by Williamson & Co, 15 cannot now be An Eclipse of the Moon (December, 170ft). February 1908. found. The water cart Comedy. Sausages (July, 275ft). ‘A loafer is given a job of appears to be in In the Good Old Times (October, 55ft). A ‘facial’. carrying round the streets a board with the Eaton Road. The Our New Errand Boy †  (August, 388ft). William- following legend: “Above is what Chopper’s shop was a real son appears as the grocer, his son Tom as the Sausages are made from”, above being a picture of a grocer’s at 2 Lorna errand boy, who gets up to tricks that culminate in fine prize pig. But the man soon tires of his job, Road, near the junc- his being chased by a group of adults. The film and is enticed to enter a public house with an tion with Cromwell runs for nearly six minutes and, although there are acquaintance, leaving his boards outside. On Road, the site now only 12 shots, the narrative has pace and style. resuming his boards he fails to notice that some occupied by garages Williamson mixes types of composition: the shop bill-posters had changed the pig for a cat. The fame (Hodder’s at 2 Lorna Road) is filmed square on of this novel advertisement finally reaches 104 Part 4 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 5 Films: the sound era Visiting productions and the revival of the home-grown production scene

Considering that so many hundreds of films are virtually unchanged since his day. Then had been made in Brighton and district right there are lost scenes, such as Magnus Volk’s through the silent era, it was as much as 20 Daddy Long-Legs electric railway that tan years after the introduction of sound that the from Madeira Drive in Brighton out to first talkie was made locally—and it is still Rottingdean through the briny. That was without question the most iconic of all: filmed by R W PAUL and both GASMITH and Brighton Rock (shot in 1947). There had been Williamson. Smith went up to the Jack and Jill one visiting production before that, The windmills to make The Miller and the Sweep, Hundred Pound Window, in 1943, featuring a while Dave Aylott took cast and crew to 20-year-old Richard Attenborough. In 1948 Hangleton and onto the Downs for the films the Royal Pavilion had its first ever starring he made for Williamson in 1909. role in The First Gentleman but it was the Films made in Brighton and Hove since rather less prestigious production of The Ad- then can be divided into those that are set in ventures of Jane, the first feature to come out the city and those that have found it conve- of the recently opened Brighton Film Studios, nient to use the city. The two best-known that heralded an era when more regular use films in the former category are, without was made of Brighton as a film location. question, Brighton Rock and Quadrophenia Brighton’s fame had not faded in the (1979). Both have storylines that are histori- hiatus since the end of the silent era. Apart cally and intrinsically rooted in the place. from being a convenient and familiar seaside Despite these examples, Brighton was site within easy reach of London, it retained its probably too cosmopolitan a place, too close widespread reputation for its Regency connec- to London, to establish a regional film culture tions, its leisure and illicit sex and even for its as, say, Manchester did during and after the crime, including gruesome murders. Second World War, when the two most Its reputation extended even to Holly- popular film stars in the north-west of wood. Who would have expected that the England were Bing Crosby and the Lancashire musical that gave the world the two classic hit comedian Frank Randle in films that came out songs Night and Day and The Continental— of the Mancunian Films studios in Dickinson The Gay Divorcee (1934)—was partly set in Road, Didsbury (later the first home of the ‘Brighton’? (Actually, it was set in racy BBC’s Top of the Pops). The numerous Brightbourne, but we all know that does not northern film stars of the 1930s and 1940s, mean staid Eastbourne.) In 1945, RKO made a like Gracie Fields and George Formby, had film in Hollywood, The Brighton Strangler, only one south-coast counterpart: the cheeky that was supposed to be set in Brighton, chappie, Max Miller. All comedians, you’ll although its depiction of the seafront owed notice. These were the days when ‘real’ actors less to any actual topographical research than were trained out of their regional accents. to the imagination of RKO’s art department When that started to change either side of recalling the rugged rocks of Cornwall’s 1960, Brighton offered no equivalent to the coastline in Hitchcock’s Rebecca. gritty northern kitchen-sink dramas. Brighton’s principal stock-in-trade from Films and the city Brighton Rock onwards was crime. To some For the early pioneers, the city was home, so it extent this was in keeping with the prevailing featured naturally, first by providing scenes taste for noir, reflected in the novels of, say, simply to be photographed, then as the back- Patrick Hamilton, James Curtis and Graham drop for action. Usually this meant somewhere Greene. Between 1949 and 1964 Brighton Film convenient. JAMES WILLIAMSON left a legacy of Studios was the mainstay for local production. images showing Hove as it was after the turn Murder and intrigue were regular fare of the century, especially close to his (although death was perhaps not as frequent pharmacies in Church Road and Western as in television’s Midsomer). A characteristic Road, and even more so near his studio at in the 1970s was comedy—end-of-the-pier what is now Cambridge Grove. Many places style (Carry On) or farce (Loot).

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 5 113 then be subdivided into the ones actually filmed in the city and those that never came near the place, except for the odd establishing Sound shot. The listing (in alphabetical order) is of Films can be divided into those that use feature films, which in general means over one Brighton, Hove and district simply as a hour running time, although some B-features location to represent somewhere (anywhere) of not quite that length are included here. else and those that use it as the specific setting Then films set but not shot in Brighton and a for all or part of the story. The latter group can selection of short films and newsreels follow.

All feature-length titles in 1960s 1990s 2008: Ambleton Delight chronological order 1960: Linda 1991: Under Suspicion  2008: And Darren  Released on DVD 1961: The Night We Got the 1993: Dirty Weekend  2008: Conversations with Bird [US title: Who’s 1994: Mainline Run  Dead Men Filmed in Brighton Cuckoo?] 1995: Fanny Hill  2008: Heavy Load 1961: Nudes of the World [US 1995: Night Warrior: Deadly 2008: Man in a Box 1940s titles: Nudes of all Jade 2008: Ten Dead Men  1943: The Hundred Pound Nations; The Sun the 1995: Richard III  2008: The Intimate Strangers Window Place and the Girl]  1997: Project: Assassin  Are Here 1947: Brighton Rock [US title: 1961: KIL 1 [US title: Skin 1999: Don’t Go Breaking My 2009: The Boat that Rocked  Young Scarface]  Game] Heart  2009: Bomber 1948: The First Gentleman 1962: Jigsaw 1999: The End of the Affair  2009: Breathe  [US title: Affairs of a 1963: The Edgar Wallace 2009: Down Terrace  Rogue] Mystery Theatre: The 2000s 2009: Heathen  1949: The Adventures of Jane Double 2000: The Big Finish  2009: Highlight  1963: Shadow of Fear  2000: Circus  2009: I Bet You 1963: Smokescreen  2001: Me Without You  2009: The Night is Young 1950s 1964: The Chalk Garden  2001: Motion 2009: Swimming in Circles 1950: The Dark Man 1965: Be My Guest  2001: Plato’s Breaking Point 2009: The Young Victoria  1951: Lady Godiva Rides 1968: La Ragazza con la 2001: Redemption Road Again  Pistola [English title: 2001: Summer Rain  2010s 1951: Penny Points to Paradise Girl with a Pistol]  2003: Ashes and Sand  2010: Brighton Rock   1968: Oh! What a Lovely War 2003: The Blind Spot 2010: Fly Trap 1952: Ghost Ship   2003: The Johnna Man 2011: Between the Silence  1952: Hot Ice 1969: On a Clear Day You Can 2003: Stewed  2011: City of Dreamers 1952: My Death is a Mockery See Forever  2004: Andrew and Jeremy Get 2011: Profile of Fear 1953: Genevieve  1969: The Big Switch [alt title: Married  1953: The Girl on the Pier Strip Poker]  2004: The Intuition Shorts 1953: Solution by Phone 2004: Left for Dead  Set but not filmed in Brighton 1953: The Straw Man 1970s 2004: Wimbledon  1953: Take a Powder 1970: Loot  2005: MirrorMask  1933: To Brighton with Gladys 1954: Adventure in the 1971: All the Right Noises  2005: Richard III 1934: The Gay Divorcee  Hopfields 1971: Carry On at your 2005: Tan Lines  1937: It Began in Brighton 1954: Children Galore Convenience  2005: Tomorrow  1938: Bank Holiday  1954: The Gelignite Gang [US 1971: Die Screaming, 2006: And When Did You Last 1939: Inspector Hornleigh on title: The Dynamiters] Marianne  See Your Father  Holiday  1971: Sporting Chance 2006: Cassandra’s Dream  1943: Millions Like Us  1954: Mad About Men  1971: Villain  2006: The Da Vinci Code  1945: The Brighton Strangler 1954: One Good Turn  1972: The Flesh and Blood 2006: Fixers  1954: The Young Lovers Show [alt title: Asylum 2006: January 2nd  1945: Pink String and Sealing 1955: Alias John Preston  of the Insane]  2006: London to Brighton  Wax  1955: Cast a Dark Shadow  1972: Made 2006: The Penalty King  1947: Mrs Fitzherbert 1955: The Flaw 1973: Carry On Girls  2006: Sixty Six  1948: Uneasy Terms 1955: The Master Plan 1974: The Black Windmill  2006: 10,000 Cigarettes 1948: Good Time Girl 1955: The Secret 1977: Come Play With Me  2007: Angus, Thongs and 1951: The Magic Box  1955: Alive on Saturday 1979: Quadrophenia  Perfect Snogging  1954: Beau Brummell  (released 1957) 2007: Brighton Wok: The 1961: The Day the Earth 1957: Hell Drivers  1980s Legend of Ganja Boxing Caught Fire  1957: Quatermass II  1983: The Ploughman’s Lunch  2009: The Damned United  1957: Rogue’s Yarn  2007: Dolphins  1958: Battle of the V1 [US 1986: Mona Lisa  2007: Llik [sic] Your Idols  title: Missiles from Hell] 1987: Wish You Were Here  2007: Teenland  1988: The Fruit Machine [US title: Wonderland]  1988: A Handful of Dust  How many have you seen?

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 5 117 Films: sound Adventure in the Hopfields—Ambleton Delight

Affairs of a Rogue see Adventure in the Hopfields Alias John Preston The First Gentleman alternative title: Hop Dog UK | b&w | 66 mins | 1955 UK | b&w | 60 mins | 1954 Released June 1956 d John Guillermin; w John Cresswell from a novel d David MacDonald; w Paul Tabori; ph Jack Cox; p by Nora Lavin and Molly Thorp; ph Kenneth Talbot; Sid Stone; prod Danziger Productions p Roger Proudlock; prod Vandyke Picture Corpora- cast Christopher Lee, Alexander Knox, Betta tion and Children’s Film Foundation; dist British St John, Sandra Dorne, Patrick Holt, Bill Fraser, Lion Betty Ann Davies cast Mandy Miller, Melvyn Hayes; uncredited: Jane z Psychological crime thriller about a schizophrenic Asher, Edward Judd, Anthony Valentine. murderer who settles in an English village. z A child runs away after being left behind when all z Filmed at Brighton Film Studios but with no the family and neighbours go off for their annual evident sign of local locations. hop-picking holiday in Kent. z A version running 71 mins was released in the z Made at Brighton Film Studios. Location filming USA by Associated Artists Productions in mainly at Goudhurst in Kent, but with an extended December 1955. sequence of the girl hiding out in the Jill windmill  Released on DVD in the USA. on the downs at Clayton, north of Brighton. z The film was believed lost until a copy was found Alive on Saturday being thrown out at a Chicago television studio. UK | b&w | 58 mins | 1955 (released February 1957)  Clips are on YouTube. d Alfred Travers; w Brandon Fleming; ph Hilton Craig; p Brandon Fleming and Geoffrey Goodheart; The Adventures of Jane prod Pan Productions UK | b&w | 53 mins | 1949 cast GUY MIDDLETON, Patricia Owens, Geoffrey d/p Edward G Whiting; w Alfred Goulding, Con Goodheart, John Witty West and Edward G Whiting; ph Jack Rose; prod z Thriller, shot at Brighton Film Studios. Brighton Studios cast Christabel Leighton-Porter, Dennis Price, Peter All the Right Noises Butterworth UK | colour | 92 mins | 1971 z B-feature film of the Daily Mirror cartoon strip. US release January 1973 z Made at Brighton Film Studios and various d/w Gerry O’Hara from his own novel; ph Gerry Brighton locations, including the Gaiety Cinema, Fisher; p Si Litvinoff and John Quested; prod Si Brighton station, Marine Drive at Roedean and the Litvinoff Film Production and Trigon Films; dist Tudor Close Hotel in Dean Court Road, Twentieth Century-Fox (US) Rottingdean. cast Olivia Hussey, Tom Bell, Judy Carne, Lesley-Ann z A placard in the background of the scenes at the Down station advertises the auction rooms in St Nicholas z Drama about older married man having an affair Road, which Brighton Film Studios had recently with a teenager. 1 Welcome to taken over. z Filmed mainly in London with scenes in Brighton: the railway z Whiting’s only film as director, although he Manchester and on Brighton beach. station is one of the produced five films; the fourth, Schweik’s New  Released on DVD and Blu-ray. city’s most used Adventure (1943), was coincidentally Richard locations, here in Attenborough’s second film, after In Which We Ambleton Delight The Adventures of Serve, before THE HUNDRED POUND WINDOW. UK | colour | 110 mins | 2008 Jane (1949)  Released on DVD with Murder at 3am. d Daniel Parkes; w Itsuka Yamasaki and Daniel Parkes; ph Anna Carrington; p Daniel Parkes and 1 Sinead Ferguson; prod Parkes Productions and Ferguson Pictures cast Jos Lawton, Brian Capron, Ernest Worthing, Kristina Ann Howell, Samantha Bolter, Andrew Elias, Duncan Armitage, Judith Ellis-Jones, Sofia Sanchez, Shirley Jaffe, John Hayden z Drama about village intrigue, made on a £6,000 budget and a 12-day shooting schedule. with actors and crew mainly from the region. z Shot mostly in Alfriston, Sussex, scenes in Brighton at the Marina (the Master Mariner kitchens), Marine Square Gardens and Manor Way, Whitehawk. z Premiered at the End of the Pier International Film Festival in Worthing on 25 April 2009, winning the award for Best UK feature film. It was also best feature film in the British Independent Film Festival 2010. Jos Lawton won best actor in a leading role at the International Filmmaker Festival 2009.  The film has its own website. 118 Part 5 | Cinema-by-Sea Films: sound Short films

kind to avant garde experimental any more. However, about a third of work. Space precludes the same those listed here can be viewed on Shorts detailed listing as for feature-length YouTube, shootingpeople.org, Vimeo, films and this is only a selection. circa69.co.uk or IMDb. Often the The number of short films made in Many titles have no form of outlet, work of emerging talent, some are as Brighton and Hove seems to grow ex- except at occasional local club good as anything you’ll see—inven- ponentially. Content ranges from screenings. Sadly, hardly anyone tive, challenging, visually stunning. documentary through fiction of every bothers to programme short films z All in colour except as stated.

Alice, Through the Wonderglass 2012 | Brighton Fish Can’t Fly 2006 | 3 mins | d Richard On Stony Ground 2009 | 10 mins | d Rehana Film Maker’s Coalition  (trailer) Murphy  Rose  Alphabetic 2006 | b&w animation | 5 mins | Four Brothers and a Funeral 2005 | 15 mins | Peerless: Memories from the West Pier 2006 | d Mark Collington d Sara Proudfoot-Clinch  colour/b&w | 16 mins | d Daniel Parkes Apparently 2006 | 4 mins | d Kevin Squelch Frank 2010 | 12 mins | d Kate Herron The Pig’s Family 1997 | 30 mins | d Martin Archie 2010 | 16 mins | d Nick Brackenbury Gone 2003 | 10 mins | d Matthew Guggisberg ARP 2006 | 9 mins | d Daniel Parkes Thompson (winner, BBC Talent New Playground Express 1955 | b&w | 17 mins | d art:house 2008 | 30 mins | d Paul Loman Film-makers Award 2003) John Irwin (at Brighton Film Studios) and Barbara Myers Goo 1999 | b&w | 1 min | d Simon A Postcard from Brighton 2009 | 12 mins | d ATM 2006 | 2 mins | d Daniel Parkes Wilkinson  Guy Pitt  Beth 2011 | 16 mins | d Gaz Wastman Goodbye 2008 | 21 mins | d Patrick Gather  Promenade 1968 | 40 mins | d Donovan Bird Feeder 2007 | 9 mins | d Jo Barnes Greensleeves 2010 | 13 mins | d Stephen North Winter [released as support for Planet of Tidbury  Home Video 2011 | 15 mins | d Robert the Apes] The Blue Wheel 2011 | 5 mins | d Nathaniel Cambrinus Pucker Up! 2001 | 6 mins | d Katie Aidley Torok  Homecoming 2003 | 15 mins | d Emma Farrell Quiet Mary Fish Momma 2004 | 8 mins | d Boyz Gone Bad 1996 | 23 mins | d Ross I Don’t Think It’s a Potato 2010 | 5 mins | d Simon Wilkinson  Boyask and Phil Hobden Kristyna Vosecka  Red Letter 2008 | 10 mins | d Edilberto Restino Brave Young Men 2009 | 30 mins | d Sam I Put My Heart into This Film 2007 | 21 mins | Red Letter 2011 | 23 mins | d Tom Marshall Leifer d Lawrence Mallinson  Robot 2008 | 4 min | d Matthew Keen Brighton 1956 | 9 mins | d John King I See Me 2005 | 15 mins | d Barbara Myers Sewn 2010 | 16 mins | d James R Kipping Brighton 2011 | 4 mins | d Gez Medinger and Paul Loman She Don’t Look Back 2011 | 8 mins | d and Robin Schmidt  Indeception 2011 | 8 mins | Brighton Film Christopher Brown Brighton—Die Sinfonie der Großstadt 2010 | Makers’ Coalition  A Silent Whistle 2009 | 12 mins | d Russell Kyle 10 ins | d Tom Sands  Inside 2009 | 4 mins | d Ross Shepherd Six Grand Slam 2000 | 20 mins | d Ross Boyask Brighton Parkour 2010 | 7 mins | d Jamie The Journey 2006 | 17 mina | d Katina Sleep 2001 | 10 mins | d Matthew Thompson Alexander and Giles Campbell Longley  Medina Mora The Snowman 1982 | animation | 26 mins | d Brighton West Pier, The Rise and Fall 2003 | 7 Kiss Chase 2005 | 5 mins | d Maxim Jago Dianne Jackson and Jimmy T Murakami  mins | Matt Crocker  The Last Chance 2007 | 16 mins | d The Stars and the Stones 2000 | b&w | 7 Chance of Rain 2011 | 15 mins | d William Lawrence Richards mins | d James Hughes Ranieri  Let’s Go Crazy 1951 | b&w | d Alan Cullimore Stiletto 2006 | 9 mins | Ewan Gorman Chasing Heaven 2002 | 28 mins | d Claudia Solti at Brighton Film Studios; cast Peter Sellers Ein Stück vom Himmel 2007 | 4 mins | John Constable 027 2009 | 14 min | d Life Sentence 2006 | 1 min | d Shaun Troke Hillcoat Christopher Lee Ball  The Lift, A ghost story 2011 | 8 mins | d Jason Suspected 2010 | Maria Alexopoulos Conversation with Yourself 2011 | 8 mins | d Davison and Dick Douglass  The Tainted Heart 2009 | 10 mins | d Tim William Ranieri  London to Brighton in Four Minutes 1952 | Pieraccini Cregan 2007 | 11 mins | d Stephen North  b&w | 5 mins | BBC Film Unit  Tenacity 2008 | 14 mins | Daniel Parkes Crossed Lines 2008 | 15 mins | d Keith Eyles Lone Wolf 1998 | 15 mins | d Ross Boyask Theatre of Souls 2007 | 9 mins | d John Hoye  (trailer) Lost Connection 2011 | 23 mins | d James This is Not England, This is Brighton 2012 | 24 Crossed Words 2010 | 7 mins | d Tom Sands  Keaton; cast Stephen Fry, Celia Imrie  mins | d Ash Brosnan and Nathan The Crunch 2009 | b&w | 20 mins | d Luther (clip, trailer) Godfrey  Jones A Lump in the Road 2005 | 7 mins | d To Kill a Kieran 2005 | 40 mins | d Mark Dance of Shiva 1998 | 26 mins | d Jamie Payne; Heather Dixon Powell  (trailer) cast Sanjeev Baskar, Kenneth Branagh, Julian Magic Journey 2006 | animation| 1 min | d To Let 2009 | 6 mins | d Harry Scriven Glover, Paul McGann, Samuel West Simon Carter Trace 2008 | 9 mins | d Gavin Toomey A Day in Brighton 2006 | 4 mins | d Geraint Manjinga 7: Monsters in the Sky 2009 | 5 Unusual Journey 2006 | 1 Min | d Matthew Hughes mins | d George Ravenscroft  Hellett  Dial N for Nurder 2010 | colour/b&w | 11 The Mask 1953 | b&w | d Don Chaffey for Varasova 2008 | d Stavroula Lialiou min | d Marcus Hutton  RTL Productions at Brighton Film Studios Walking Shadows 2000 | 40 mins | d John Drama School 2011 | 25 min | d Jamie Matches 2010 | 4 mins | d Daniel Morris Langridge Patterson  (trailer) MatchSeller 2010 | 3 mins | d William West Pier 2001 | animation | 5 mins | d Easy Hours 2009 | 3 mins | d George Ravenscroft Ranieri  Mark Collington  Ella’s Dream 2008 | 9 mins | d Christianne Meat 2007 | 13 mins | d William Ranieri  West Pier 2010 | 4 mins | d Jacques Sirot  van Wijk  Mother’s Day 2009 | 14 mins | d Clive Ford West Pier 2012 | b&w | 8 mins | d William Entree 2005 | 7 mins | d Sue Whitting North Atlantic 2010 | 15 mins | d Bernardo Ranieri  Fast Learners 2006 | 10 mins | d Christoph Röhl Nascimento  You’re Gonna Wake Up One Morning 2003 | Femme Fatale 2004 | 10 mins | d Lisa Holles Odd Shoe 2008 | 10 mins | d Paul Cotter  28 mins | d Mark Jay Cinema-by-Sea | Part 5 139 Colour

briefly lived in the Lewes Road area of carried on alone until he died suddenly of a Brighton, working as a photographer. Turner heart attack on 9 March 1903 at the age of wanted to develop a system of three-colour only 29. cinematography and worked with Frederick Turner’s system was deemed impractical, Marshall Lee, a financier. They came up with a not least because he had adopted a non- modified 38mm film camera in which a standard (38mm = 1.5 inches) film gauge. It was rotating disc with red, green and blue filters by no means uncommon for inventors to adopt between three blanking sections replaced the odd film sizes. Working in a gauge other than shutter. Each frame in turn was exposed 35mm was a way of preventing the new system through one of the filters. The projector had being used with existing equipment. three lenses with a similar rotating filter A second problem was the frame rate. wheel. Turner and Lee were granted a patent ‘Persistence of vision’ works when still images (no 6,202) on 29 March 1899. Both the are projected at such a speed that one image is prototype camera and projector were made by still being processed by the brain when the next ALFRED DARLING in Ditchling Rise, Brighton one appears. Early film adopted a speed of 16 and the films were processed by G A SMITH at fps (frames per second), below which flicker St Ann’s Well Gardens. was deemed unacceptable. To record three 1 The Lee and Needing more funds for further primary-colour images in sequence and still Turner colour film development, the pair approached CHARLES projector made in achieve the effect meant filming at a challenging URBAN, then still manager of the Warwick Brighton by Alfred 48fps. Darling, with some Trading Company, the leading British film A reel of film donated by Charles Urban to frames of film that distributor, which also had an interest in the Science Museum (probably in 1937) was are believed to show making and selling equipment. In 1902 Lee discovered in 2012 in the National Media G A Smith’s children drifted away from the project but Turner Museum and digitised, revealing high quality colour images. One of the short scenes was 1 filmed in St Ann’s Well Gardens, Hove, showing a girl and boy, thought to be G A Smith’s own children, Harold and Dorothea. However impressive, the film shows the problem of recording each colour sequentially: the slight movement between each frame causes fringing of the colours. Urban bought up the Turner and Lee patent and asked G A Smith to carry on with the work, which Smith seemed only too willing to do. He left St Ann’s Well Gardens in August 1903, handed the lease to A H Tee and moved to Roman Crescent in Southwick, where he named his house Laboratory Lodge. He also more or less abandoned film-making and lived off savings and income from previous film activities.

G A Smith takes on the research Smith was very pragmatic about the project. In a notably practical and business-like letter to Urban from Laboratory Lodge in Southwick on 21 March 1904 (now in the British Film Institute collection), he wrote, ‘I should like to arrange a co-operative scheme [his emphasis] —you to keep me posted & supply your new perfected machinery & I to adapt my colour methods to it. Under this suggested arrange- ment your company would handle the results of my method, & the advantage would be mutual.’ Urban was at the time developing an improved Bioscope, which, suitably adapted, Smith envisaged would be used for his colour films. 142 Part 6 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 7 The people Who’s who among Brighton & Hove people associated with film and cinema

By the standards of the average British city, tradition that began in Brighton. Not to Brighton & Hove has produced or been home mention the cat(s) in Smith’s films. to an unusually high proportion of people A significant number of screen acting involved in the performing arts and the media. careers, including a substantial proportion of The tradition goes back to Regency times those who appeared in films made at when fashionable society sought its entertain- Shoreham, began around the start of the Great ment at the Royal Newburgh Assembly Rooms War and lasted until only the late 1920s. A fair and patronised dancing masters. proportion of the 91 actors profiled here fall With the coming of the railway in 1841 it into this category: the ones who did not was not only the population that grew rapidly survive the transition to sound, although it —doubling in the next 30 years, and adding as may be misleading to ascribe this to the sound many more again in the following 30 years. So of their voices. Film acting also began to too did the number of places for popular change around that time to a more naturalistic entertainment, drawing into Brighton perfor- style. Some of the film drop-outs survived mers of all kinds. By the time film-making perfectly well on the stage. began in the late 1890s the Brighton music Actors listed in stage yearbooks from the halls, like the theatres, were on a par with silent film era rarely acknowledged their film those in London. Top acts were attracted to work—oh, my dear, not the moving pictures! the Alhambra, the Oxford, the Canterbury ALICE DE WINTON, MAUDE CRESSWELL and Hall, the Pavilion Wine and Music Rooms, the LANGHORNE BURTON were among the few who Empire, the two piers and, slightly later, the mentioned film work in Who’s Who in the HIPPODROME. Theatre. Music hall artistes, on the other hand The first people to appear on film were the had no such reticence. ordinary folk playing on the beach or strolling The second largest category in this section along the seafront or the pier. But even in that comprises cinema exhibitors: 40 of them. The first year of film-making, 1896, ESMÉ COLLINGS early ones rarely lasted long in business. shot a scene from a popular melodrama of the Indeed, bankruptcy was a notable feature time, The Broken Melody, with its writer- among them. Five bankrupts are identified performer AUGUSTE VAN BIENE. here, plus one who failed to run a former GEORGE ALBERT SMITH, one of the two cinema as a theatre. But none can match great Hove pioneer film-makers, seems to WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE’s familiarity with the have had the idea of recording famous people, bankruptcy courts. Frank Launder, however, for novelty value if not for posterity, and took began working life in the office of the Official his camera to Winchelsea in East Sussex to Receiver. Perhaps that experience informed his film the great actress Ellen Terry at home as writing of the delicious Alistair Sim cameo of early as August 1897. The following year he a desperate but stoical film producer in LADY made an ‘animated portrait’ of the music hall GODIVA RIDES AGAIN. star Marie Lloyd on the seafront outside the Cinema exhibitors have also been the Alhambra. hardest to track down and there are at least 25 But by then story-telling was beginning to more identified as running local cinemas emerge as the future of film. So when the about whom nothing has been discovered and Hove pioneers needed performers, they were thus are not represented. Some of the profiles to be found on the doorstep. The earliest to be that have made it into the following pages are identified who appeared regularly were G A sketchy, to say the least. Two of them, notably, Smith’s wife LAURA BAYLEY and TOM GREEN. were active in local politics. The 28 film JAMES WILLIAMSON used SAM DALTON in directors divide in roughly equal numbers several films. Sometimes their stage acts were between silent cinema and the later period. recorded, as in Williamson’s Clever and Comic But it is the pioneers who deserve—and Cycle Act (1900) by LOTTO, LILO AND OTTO receive—the most detailed attention. Although and CAPTAIN CLIVES and his Clever Dog Tiger the term ‘Brighton school’ coined by GEORGES (1902). So Lassie and Uggie are in a canine SADOUL is a bit of a misnomer, the concentra- Continued on p149

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 7 147 The people Classified listing

Pioneers/inventors Cinematographers Faith Bevan Sebastian Shaw Birt Acres Thomas Brocksopp Harvey Braban Charles Aubrey Smith Composers/musicians Laura Bayley Ernie Cornford Irene Browne Philip Stainton Richard Addinsell John Benett-Stanford Harry Crowhurst Jack Buchanan Frank Sutherland Terance Casey Esmé Collings Claude Friese-Greene Langhorne Burton Nora Swinburne Douglas Reeve Alfred Darling Stanley Mumford Louis Calvert Sybil Thorndike Auguste van Biene Will Day Henry Sanders Arthur Charrington Arthur Treacher Ralph Vaughan William Friese Greene Eddie Scriven Jack Chart Florence Turner Williams Mrs Aubrey Le Blond FPercy Smith Mavis Clair Auguste van Biene Robert W Paul David Watkin John Clements Kathleen Vaughan Inventors/engineers Otto Pfenninger Ivy Close Fred Walton Alfred Darling George Albert Smith Cinema exhibitors Jean Colin Lockwood West W Lascelles Davidson Charles Urban Maud Barrasford Arthur Conquest Edmund Willard E F Grün James Williamson Tom Barrasford Ernie Cornford Alan Williamson Benjamin Jumeaux Dan Benjamin Maud Cressall Colin Williamson Ernest Smith Directors George Beyfus Jill Day Florence Williamson Edward Turner Dave Aylott George Bloch Lewis Dayton Lilian Williamson Colin Williamson Laura Bayley Miles Byrne Alice de Winton Stuart Williamson Stuart Williamson John Benett-Stanford Jack Channon Charles Dormer Tom Williamson Walter R Booth Joseph Cohen Alfred Drayton Anthony Woodruff Scientist John Boulting J L Crown Connie Ediss Bernard Youens Demetre Daponte Roy Boulting P J Drew-Bear Tubby Edlin Adrian Brunel Frederick George Ellis Nell Emerald Music hall/Variety Architects Arthur Charrington Mrs L Reith Fellows Maurice Evans Chesney Allen Robert Atkinson Jack Chart G H Fernie Derek Francis Douglas Byng Frank Matcham Jack Clayton Walter Robert Flint Theo Frenkel Captain Clives (Alfred Alf Collins J E Greaves John Garrick Holmes) Designers/Artists Lance Comfort John Harris Leon Gordon Charles Cobbold Carmen Dillon Ernie Cornford J Henson Infield Nigel Green John Cobbold Peter Strausfeld Graham Cutts Harry Jacobs Fred Groves Arthur Conquest Maurice Elvey John King Bill Haley Sam Dalton Publicist Cy Endfield Sydney K Lewis Stuart Hall Johnny Danvers James Hardiman Theo Frenkel E E Lyons Adeline Hayden Coffin Fred Evans Jeff Keen Edward F ‘Teddy’ Lyons Patricia Hilliard Will Evans Entrepreneurs Frank Launder Violet Melnotte-Wyatt Marie Illington George Graves Walter de Frece Harry Lorraine Harold B Millar Boyd Irwin Tom Green S F Edge Ida Lupino Eric R Mills James Knight Daisy and Violet J Henson Infield F L Lyndhurst Stanley C Mills Evelyn Laye Hilton Edmund Distin Sidney Morgan Kenneth A Nyman Andrew Leigh Fred Hutchins Maddick Wilfred Noy EWPashley Peall Eve Lister Arthur Lennard Baron Nugent Oliver Pike P V Reynolds Henry Longhurst Marie Lloyd Charles Urban Joe Rosenthal Julian D Richards Harry Lorraine Lotto, Lilo and Otto Edmond J Spitta Randolph E Richards Ida Lupino Marie Mayhew Administrator Lionel Tomlinson Edwin Houghton H Agar Lyons Matt and Lalla Melrose WTBradshaw Walter West Rockett André Maranne Max Miller James Quinn Alfred J Sadler Anita March Professor Reddish Producers Harry Scriven Julie Meijer George Robey Politicians Oscar Lewenstein J Baxter Somerville Mark Melford Johnny Schofield Walter de Frece Edmund Distin Walter Harold Speer Guy Middleton Tommy Trinder E E Lyons Maddick James Van Koert Decima Moore Syd Walker Alfred Cooper Rawson Roger Proudlock Walter Wanger Eva Moore Nellie Wallace Alfred J Sadler James Quinn Martin Waters Joan Morgan Eddie Whaley Walter Harold Speer William Edward Terence Morgan Agent Frank E Spring Winton Anna Neagle Writers Dennis Selinger Frank Sutherland Guy Newall Charles Bennett Lionel Tomlinson Actors Michael Nightingale Patrick Hamilton Other Walter Wanger Elizabeth Allan Laurence Olivier Alan Melville Jacqueline Nearne Walter West Hylton Allen Cecil Parker Roland Pertwee Edmond J Spitta Herbert Wilcox Bobby Andrews Frank E Petley Paul M Potter AHTee Derrick Wynne Dave Aylott Herbert Rawlinson Terence Rattigan Sally Barnes Ralph Richardson Val Valentine Distributor Eva Bayley Flora Robson Alan Williamson Laura Bayley Ivan Samson Historians/archivists George Bellamy Paul Schofield Will Day Animator Edna Best Margaret Scudamore Graham Head Anson Dyer Georges Sadoul 148 Part 7 | Cinema-by-Sea The People Acres—Atkinson tion of talents in Brighton and especially Hove inclusion, people must be dead and the list Cross-references to at the dawn of cinema made a contribution to excludes performers known only for television other names, places the early development of the cinema that work. Nor does it allow in those whose only and films are shown arguably matched and even outstripped any- connection was a period spent at boarding in SMALL CAPITALS. where else in the world. Smith, Williamson, school. This latter restriction covers such ALFRED DARLING and, however briefly, Collings luminaries as the actors George Sanders, his are now gaining the recognition they deserve, brother Tom Conway, Michael Hordern, along with CHARLES URBAN. Beatrice Beckley and the actor-writer Miles Malleson. Nonetheless, it would be possible to The list is perhaps over-inclusive (such can be go on adding to the list indefinitely. This lot the nature of an encyclopaedia). To qualify for will have to do for now.

Birt Acres was born in the USA to British parents, „ Elizabeth Allan was born 9 April 1908 at who died during the American Civil War. He atten- Skegness, Lincolnshire and died 27 July 1990 in ded university in Paris, returned to travel and work Hove around remote parts of the USA before settling in England. He made his first films in 1894 and early Chesney Allen, famous as the partner of Bud the following year collaborated with R W PAUL to Flanagan and a member of the Crazy Gang, made 1 make films, using a camera of their own design, for 12 comedy films in that context between 1932 and which Acres applied for a patent on 27 May 1895. 1946, with a final 13th Crazy Gang film outing in After several private shows of his films, he gave the 1960. Okay for Sound (1937), which had run first public screening in London on 21 March 1896, successfully on stage at the Brighton HIPPODROME 2 followed by a royal command performance on 21 the previous year, is the only film on which he had a July 1896. He made at least three films on Brighton writing credit. He and Flanagan also appeared in the beach in August 1896—among the first and similar classic documentary Listen to Britain (1942). His to the ones made by ESMÉ COLLINGS—which were childhood home was at 21 Park Crescent Place, included in the Animatographe shows at the Brighton. VICTORIA HALL in King’s Road, Brighton. „ William E Allen was born 5 April 1893 in Acres set up his own business, the Northern Brighton and died 13 November 1982 at Midhurst, Photographic Works at 45 Salisbury Road, Barnet, Sussex Hertfordshire in April 1896 when he and Paul ended their partnership and later moved it to Hylton Allen made his stage début in 1899 and 3 Nesbitt’s Alley, Barnet (see also JAMES WILLIAMSON). thereafter toured extensively in the United States In June 1898 he patented the Birtac, a 17.5mm film and South Africa between appearances in the West system for amateur use, spurring CHARLES URBAN to End and on Broadway. His first film part, in Caesar develop the Biokam with ALFRED DARLING. and Cleopatra, did not come until 1945 at the age of „ Birt Acres was born 23 July 1854 in Richmond, 65 and was uncredited. He was credited in the three Virginia, USA and died 27 December 1918 in other films he made between then and 1951. The Whitechapel, London son of a butcher and farmer, in early childhood he lived at 24 Market Street. He was educated privately Richard Addinsell composed one of the most in London before returning to join his family at 8 popular pieces of film music of all time: the Warsaw Clifton Terrace, Brighton. In later life he lived at 4 Concerto, used in the film Dangerous Moonlight Haywards Heath. (1941). He wrote scores for over 40 films between „ Alfred Hylton Allen was born 25 October 1879 at 1932 and 1975, including Fire Over England (1937), Pulborough, Sussex and died 6 February 1975 at Gaslight (1940), A Diary for Timothy and Blithe Cuckfield, West Sussex Spirit (both 1945) and Scrooge (1951). He com- posed original music for a television production of Bobby Andrews appeared in SIDNEY MORGAN’s FIRES Alice (in Wonderland) as early as 1946. He lived at 5 OF INNOCENCE (1922) for Progress Film Company at 1 Birt Acres Chichester Terrace, Brighton from 1960 to 1977. Shoreham. He had previously made three films in 2 Elizabeth Allen „ Richard Stewart Addinsell was born 13 January 1920 and appeared in one more subsequently. He 3 Chesney Allen 1904 in London and died 14 November 1977 in was educated at Lewes, made his stage début in 1906 4 Bobby Andrews London at the age of 11 and had many juvenile roles in the 5 Birtac camera West End. He went to the USA in 1911 and Elizabeth Allan made around 50 films on both sides appeared on stage in Chicago. He joined the Royal of the Atlantic, the first—in which she had second Naval Air Service 1915-1918 and returned to the billing— being The Rosary (1931). She appeared in stage to play character parts. He met Ivor Novello in 5 26 films in the first five years of the decade, taking 1916 and their relationship lasted for 35 years. the lead in most of them. She was under contract to „ Robert Tobias Andrews was born 20 February MGM from 1933 but returned to England in 1938 1895 in London and died 1976 after suing the studio for replacing her in The Citadel. Later in her career she appeared on Robert Atkinson established his architectural repu- television panel shows. She lived at Courtney Tye, tation designing cinemas, his most accomplished Courtney Terrace on the seafront at Hove. work being the REGENT CINEMA, Brighton (1921), Cinema-by-Sea | Part 7 149 The People Williamson—Youens

1 2

influential film-makers in the first decade of the lived next door at 9 Church Street.) The premises cinema, and perhaps even pre-eminent among became known as Winton’s Hall. In 1910 he was them, given his contribution to the development of granted a cinematograph licence and ran moving narrative technique. picture shows until 1914, when the lease passed to „ James A Williamson was born 8 November 1855 Arthur Hodgins and the cinema was renamed the at Pathhead, Kirkaldy, Scotland and died 18 August STAR THEATRE. In 1883 Winton had put his business 3 1933 at 593 Upper Richmond Road, Richmond, as a ‘printer, stationer, newsagent, dealer in fancy Surrey articles and tobacconist’ into voluntary liquidation to resolve his debts but later obviously resumed Lilian Williamson, third daughter of JAMES trading. He had rowed in the local regattas and held WILLIAMSON, took the title role in her father’s film his own regatta after the official town regatta. He is The Little Match Seller (1902). She was later a described as the originator of the Shoreham typist-clerk in the company office. She visited her Carnival. sister in the USA in 1912-13. She lived in Golders „ William Edward Winton was born 1852 in Green, London. Last seen alive on 21 March 1938, Shoreham and died 8 November 1932 in Shoreham her body was found in the Thames off Prince’s 4 Wharf eight days later. She left nearly £4,800. Anthony Woodruff was a familiar face on „ Lilian Williamson was born 29 August 1889 in television from 1951 until the mid 1980s, including Hove and died 29 March 1938 in Bermondsey, a three-year stint on the Crossroads soap opera. He London was in half a dozen feature films, usually playing 1 The Williamson ‘respectable’ characters. family outside Rose Stuart Williamson, the youngest child of JAMES „ Anthony Woodruff was born 13 November 1918 Cottage 1902, WILLIAMSON, appeared in two of his father’s films in in Brighton and died 17 January 1993 in London top: Alan, James and 1903-1904 and in four films by DAVE AYLOTT in Colin; 1909. He joined brother Colin in the machinery Derrick Wynne was a film production manager who middle: Florence, department of the family business and was a partner became the head of Brighton Film Studios during its Betsy, Janet, Lilian; with Tom in a Luton engineering firm. most active period in the mid 1950s. He had a bottom: Tom, Stuart „ Stuart Williamson was born 5 April 1893 in Hove production company, Wynne Productions, based at 2 A rather scratchy and died 1972 at Wokingham, Berkshire the studio and was also on the board of RLT photograph of the Productions, for which he co-produced TAKE A Williamson staff, Tom Williamson, the sixth child and third son of POWDER (1953). He lived at Ravenscourt, 2 Belmont, date unknown but JAMES WILLIAMSON. He had the lead part in Our Brighton at that time, then at 18 Brunswick Terrace, probably c1930 New Errand Boy (1905), appeared in his father’s Hove. After leaving the studio he settled in Seaford. 3 Anthony Woodruff film The Orange Peel (1907) and with his brother His first wife was Elizabeth Bloch. 4 Bernard Youens Stuart in the revived version of Two Naughty Boys „ Derrick Cecil Wynne was born 29 January 1921 (1909), directed by DAVE AYLOTT, by which time and died 1999 at Eastbourne, Sussex Tom was working as a clerk in the London office. He worked at Automatic Film Printers Laboratories Bernard Youens is best remembered as gruff and in 1931 joined Gevaert, the film stock northerner Stan Ogden in the television soap opera manufacturer in Harlesden, London. He was Coronation Street from 1964 for almost 20 years president of Cinema Veterans (1903) in 1953. until a few months before his death. Early in his „ Thomas Heaysman Williamson was born 30 career, as Bernard Graham, he appeared in three April 1891 in Hove films between 1947 and 1949 for the then flourishing regional production company William Edward Winton was a master printer and Mancunian Films. bill poster in Shoreham who in 1908 began using a „ Bernard Arthur Popley was born 28 December former Congregational church in Church Street, 1914 in Hove and died 27 August 1984 in Salford, Shoreham for concerts and lectures. (The family Lancashire 186 Part 7 | Cinema-by-Sea Cinema-by-Sea | Part 9 The places

A selection of residences and film locations.

Adelaide Crescent, Hove Bear Road Where streets have ™Penny Points to Paradise (1950) and Me Without ™Loot (1970). been renumbered, You (2001). the current number Belmont of the building is Albany Villas, Hove 2 ‘Ravenscourt’: home of film producer DERRICK used as the principal 36: the childhood home of the cricketer and film WYNNE when co-producing TAKE A POWDER (1953). reference. actor Sir CHARLES AUBREY SMITH. z indicates that the Bigwood Avenue, Hove site is marked by a Albion Hill 9: birthplace and lifelong home of film archivist plaque, the source as ™Lady Godiva Rides Again (1951). See also Ewart GRAHAM HEAD. named. Street, Islingword Road, Quebec Street. More residences are Blackrock Valley identified in the Albion Street, Southwick The proposed site in 1925-26 for a British National biographies in Part 7 ™Shadow of Fear (1963). Film Studio (see pages 206-208). ™indicates a film The Picture House (later called the Plaza and the location. See also NEW KINEMA) from 1914 to 1948, until gutted by Blatchington Road, Hove Part 5, Films: The fire. Council flats are now on the site. ™The Gelignite Gang (1954). sound era for a list of film locations. Aldrington Basin, Portslade Borough Street ™Portslade gasworks in Battle of the V1 (1958). ™Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (2007).

Alexandra Villas Brighton Road, Clayton 13: the home of ESMÉ COLLINGS, to which he moved ™Jack and Jill windmills in The Miller and the from 59 Dyke Road. Sweep (1898), Adventure in 2 the Hopfields (1954), Battle of Ann Street the V1 (1958) and The Black ™St Bartholomew’s Church in Heathen (2009). Windmill (1974)

Arundel Drive East, Saltdean Brighton Road, Shoreham The final home of GEORGE ROBEY from 1953. 342: the COLISEUM cinema from 1920 to 1941. Now the Arundel Street site of the Adur Civic Centre. 24: rented by WILLIAM FRIESE GREENE as a family home from 1905 to 1907 and the address on his Brunswick Square, Hove colour cinematography patent application in May 30: the home of DAN 1905. BENJAMIN, who owned the PRINCE’S CINEMA in North Street, Brighton from 1 Bartholomews as it Arundel Terrace 1935 to 1947. was in 1962 in 6: the home of DOUGLAS BYNG from the early 1960s 58: the home of cinema exhibitor JAMES VAN KOERT Jigsaw, when it went to 1987. just after World War II. down to the seafront, 7: the home of J HENSON INFIELD in the 1930s. ™Penny Points to Paradise (1950), Dirty Weekend as it should still have (1993). done Bartholomews 2 Jill windmill in ™Jigsaw (1962). The surrounding area is also seen. Bungalow Town, Shoreham Beach 1954 in Adventure in A development along the coastline, mainly the Hopfields 1 comprising chalets in Old Fort Road, many formed by using one or more redundant railway carriages. It was popular with thespians and music hall artistes. The future screenwriter CHARLES BENNETT was born here. See also Crescent Road, Old Fort Road.

Burlington Street z 25: the last home from 1948 of film and stage comedian MAX MILLER, who died here in 1963, marked by a British Music Hall Society plaque. (See also 160 Marine Parade, New Road, Brighton and Ashcroft in Kingston Lane, Shoreham.)

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 9 191 Cinema-by-Sea | Part 10 Studios The films factories of Brighton, Hove and Shoreham

There have been four main film studios in the And then there is the little known story of Brighton & Hove area. The first three were of the one that, had it been built, would the ‘glasshouse’ type, built to allow in the undoubtedly have been the largest and most maximum of daylight in the days before important film studio in the whole country. It artificial lights were used. The fourth was in a was intended to put British film-making back converted parish hall. on the map. If only. . .

Film studios in Brighton & Hove location operational company St Ann’s Well Gardens Furze Hill, Hove 1900-1903 GAS Films (George Albert Smith) Williamson Kinematograph Works Wilbury Villas, Hove 1902-1910 (James) Williamson & Co (Cambridge Grove) 1910-1912? Natural Colour Kinematograph Company Shoreham Beach Film Studios Crescent Road, 1915-1916 Sealight Film Company Shoreham Beach 1916-1918 Olympic Kine Trading Company 1918-1922 Progress Film Company Brighton Film Studios St Nicholas Road, Brighton 1948-1966 Film Studios (Brighton)

St Ann’s Well Gardens In 1900 Smith signed a two-year exclusive 1 A simple ‘flat’ was GEORGE ALBERT SMITH, who leased the pleasure contract with Warwick Trading Company (WTC), used for scenery gardens between 1892 and 1904, started making run by CHARLES URBAN. He built a small studio in before the covered films around the turn of the year 1896-97. On the the grounds of St Ann’s Well Gardens with financial studio was built map (overleaf) the gardens are to the north-west of support from Urban. On the evidence of Poor Joe, 2 The rooftop set Furze Hill. Smith used the Pump House in the which was made in March 1901, the studio was not that can be seen on grounds (‘The Chalybeate’ on the map) as his ‘film in regular use until after that date. It consisted of a the stage of the shed- works’ and at first built simple sets in the gardens. glasshouse over a stage measuring approximately 30 like studio was for The future film comedian TOM GREEN probably feet wide by 16 feet deep, with wooden doors 3 Mary Jane’s began his connection with Smith as a set builder forming one end of the building. The stage apron Mishap (1903) when and decorator. That may be him up the step ladder. could be pulled forward between the doors. Mary Jane—repre- Hard to tell. Sets initially consisted of a painted In September 1900, the WTC catalogue sented by a dummy backcloth on a wooden frame. In The Old Maid’s describes Smith as ‘Manager of the Brighton Film —shoots out of the Valentine (1900)  the message that the old maid Works of the Warwick Trading Company’. chimney. An holds up in her living room is blown about by the Excursions into the immediate surroundings of elaborate preparation wind. In The Death of Poor Joe (1901)  the St Ann’s Well Gardens were rare in Smith’s films; he for a scene that lasts shadows of the nearby trees are stippled on the preferred to shoot in studio conditions. However, As 12 seconds and in snow covered garden gate and wall. Generally, Seen Through a Telescope (1900) was filmed just other films would although clearly artificial, the backdrops are outside the gardens, next to the Lodge in Furze Hill. have been done with competently executed. G A Smith left St Ann’s Well Gardens in August a scale model 1903 when he moved to Roman Crescent, 1 Southwick to work on the colour film project that 2

3

Cinema-by-Sea | Part 10 201 Cinema-by-Sea Index

Where to find it. Key references are in bold

ABout de Souffle 80 Alexander, John 55 Animatographe 10, 27-28, 29, Atherton, Howard 119 Barnes, Sally 150 ‘Arry and ‘Arriet’s Evening Alexandra Villas 191 74, 172, 195 Atkinson, Robert 52, 68, 149 Barnet 9, 188 Out 108 Alfred Darling &Sons 188 Ann Street 191 ATM 139 Barnett, Alfred 61, 159 Abba 45 Alfriston 118 Anna Karenina 138 Attack on a Chinese Mission Barnett, Cameron 121 ABC Cinema, Brighton see Alhambra Music Hall, London Another of the Same 92 —Blue Jackets to the Rescue Barnum’s Procession 91 Savoy 10 Anxious Foster Mother, An 107 11, 60, 74, 78-79, 94, 184, Barnyard Pets 109 ABC Cinema, Hove 34, 39, Alhambra Opera House and Apex Film Distributors 126, 199 Barr, Patrick 125 57, 189, 197 Music Hall, Brighton 30, 64, 127, 135 Attenborough Centre for the Barrasford, Maud 50, 150, 196 ABCcinemas 16, 170 77, 125, 167 Apparently 139 Creative Arts 57 Barrasford, Tom 49, 51, 150, 196 ABCTelevision 171 Alias John Preston 118, 205 Apple Final Cut 115 Attenborough, Richard 14, 57, Barratt, Rue 121 Abel, David 137 Alice 149 APT Films 126 67, 113, 118, 121, 127, 129, Barrère, Adrien 84 Abel, Richard 209 Alice, Through the Aqua Film Productions 127 131, 138 Barrett, Ray 127 Abela, Marisa 129 Wonderglass 139 Aquarium 9,30, 44, 109, 132, Attfield, Ian 131 Barrett,William Fletcher 177 Abicair, Shirley 131 Alive onSaturday 118, 170, 205 177, 195 Attractive Cinema (Brighton) 58 Barrington, Randolph 121 Abraham, Sara 128 All Men are Liars 111 Arcadia Cinema 34, 39,41, 44, Atwell, Hayley 122 Barry, Jason 130 Abrahams, J&F 57 All the Fun of the Fair 92 176, 190, 195, 197 Aumont, Jean-Pierre 125 Bartholomews 191 Academy Awards 16, 154, All the Right Noises 118 Archer Street Productions 119 Auntie’s Antics 86, 112 Bartlett, Nick 132 158, 172, 176 All’s Well that Ends Well 103 Archie 139 Aurora Film Company 161, Bass Leisure 46 Academy Cinema 14, 16, 31, Allan, Elizabeth 129, 149, 170, Archway Film Distributors 153 187, 195, 197, 199 Bass, Alfie 123, 127 33, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 63, 192 Are You There? 79, 96, 156 Autochrome 145 Batchelor, Megan 123 126, 133, 146, 165, 199 Allchin, Harry 67 Aristocats, The 58 autostereoscopy 38 Bates, F Stanley 70 Academy Music Group 59 Allen Arms 56 Armchair Theatre 171 Autry, Gene 46 Bath Chronicle 210 Academy Picture Palace Allen, Chesney 149, 198 Armitage, Duncan 118 Avalon Motion Pictures 120 Bathers on the Beach at Company 189 Allen, Hylton 149 Army Kinema Corps 56 Avengers, The 171 Brighton 87 Accident 158 Allen, Irwin 151 Army Kinematograph Service Aviator Films 124 Battle of the Somme 182 Accord Productions 131 Allen, Jack 120 52 Awde, Louis Robert 73 Battle of the V1 70, 119, 191, Ace Cinema 33, 56, 189 Allen, Leonard 62 Arnatt, John 134 AWH sound system 34 193, 198 Ackermann, Hermann 29 Allen, Woody 122 Arnold, Ben 127 Awkward Sign Writer 89 Baxter, Lee 132 Ackland, Joss 126, 136 Alliance Film Company 158 Around the Swings on a Bank Ayah’s Revenge, The 106, 184 Bay-Andersen, Eric 127 Ackland, Rodney 127, 137 Allister, Ray 196, 200, 210 Holiday 93 Ayles, Allen 210 Bayes, Walter 68 Acres, Birt 9, 75, 149, 172, 188 Ally Sloper 90 Around the World in 80 Days Aylmer, Felix 137 Bayley, Blanche 151 Acrobatic Tramps, The 99, Ally Sloper Batting 91 64, 164 Aylott, Dave 81, 113, 150, 154, Bayley, Eva 94, 150 155 Ally Sloper’s Half Holiday 11 ARP 139 156, 164, 176, 169, 176, 186 Bayley, Florence 151 Actresses’ Franchise League 170 Alman, Ewan 121 Arriflex 115 Aylott, Eric 150 Bayley, Laura 77, 81, 89, 92, Adas Works 198 Alphabetic 139 Arrival and Departure of a Aylward, Derek 120 94, 95, 98, 125, 150, 177, Addinsell, Richard 149, 192 Altman, John 176 Train at Hove 75, 76, 88 192, 196 Adelaide Crescent 130, 132, Amateur Bill Sykes, An 99 Arroseur arrosé, L’ 9, 75, 87, 91 Babes in the Wood and Robin Bayly, Stephen 133 191 Amazons’ March and art deco 14 Hood 29, 73, 196 Bayly/Paré Productions 133 Adelphi Films 130, 132 Evolutions, The 97 art:house 139 Baby and the Ape, The 101 BBC 16, 60, 119, 174, 183, Adler, Larry 126 Ambler, Eric 138 Arundel Drive East 191 Baby Cow Productions 124 184, 197 Admans, FE 69 Ambler, Joss 126 Arundel Street 143, 162, 191 Baby in a Pram 97 BBC Films 121, 137 admissions see cinemagoing Ambler, Philip 131 Arundel Terrace 191 Back Row Brighton 210 BBC4 135 Adrian Troupe of Cyclists, Ambleton Delight 118, 195 As Seen Through a Telescope Bacon, Max 135 BBC Drama Repertory The 93 American Film Institute Cata- 78, 93, 178, 202 Bad Cigar, A 93 Company 165, 175 Adur Civic Centre 47, 191 log of Feature Films 181, Ash, Leslie 132 Baddeley, Hermione 121 BBC Television 151, 152, 155, advance booking 13 211 Asher, Jack 122, 133, 136 Badger, Liam 119 161, 164, 166, 171, 172, 173, Advance Productions 132 American Mutoscope & Asher, Jane 118 BAFTA Film Awards 16, 126 175, 176, 177, 180 Adventure in the Hopfields Biograph 64, 83, 84 Ashes and Sand 114, 119, 195 Bagnold, Enid 122 Be My Guest 119, 155, 197 118, 173 And Darren 119 Ashwell, H Whalley 52 Baillieu, Bill 209 Beachy Head 132, 133, 134 Adventures of Jane, The 56, And Then He Woke Up 108, Askem, Matt 136 Baird, John Logie 153, 161, 188 Beales, Daniel 120 113, 118, 193, 195, 205 176 Askwith, Robin 125 Baird, Roy 132 Bear Road 129,176, 191 Adventures of Sir Francis And When Did You Last See Aspel, Michael 196 Baker and the Sweep, The 90 Beat the Devil 154 Drake 171 Your Father? 119, 195 Asquith, Anthony 136, 158 Baker, Joseph 119, 125 Beatles, The 59 Ad-Visors 189 Anderson, David 121 Associated Artists Productions Baker, Robert S 134 Beau Brummell 137 Affair of Honour, An 103 Anderson, Rona 125 118 Baker, Stanley 127, 133, 160 Beckinsale, Samantha 132 Affairs of a Rogue 124 Anderson, Samuel 127 Associated British Cinemas Balcon, Michael 67, 138, 156 Beckley, Beatrice 125 Affinty Sutton 58 Andrew and Jeremy Get (ABC) 33, 46, 57, 71, 189 Baldwin, Stanley 206 Bed Sitting Room, The 166 After Dark, or The Police man Married 119 Associated British Film Ballin, Debbie 135 Bedding, Thomas 146 and His Lantern 97 Andrews, Bobby 149 Distributors 134 balloon, hot-air 177 Beecham, Frederick 73 After Many Days 111, 152, 164 Andrews, Mark 129, 133 Associated British Pathé 34 Band of Cameroon High lan Behind the News 47 After the Fancy Dress Ball 106 Angel Plaza, Miguel 130 Associated British Picture Cor- ders on the West Pier 106 Behrens, Edward Berrington Aigle a Deux Têtes, L’ 57 Angel Productions 122 poration 34, 121, 161, 167 Banister, Frederick Dale 199 207 Ainsworth, Harrison 11 Angers, Avril 119 Associated Communica tions Bank Holiday 137 Bell &Howell 60 Ainsworth, R H 59 Angler’s Dream, The 105 Corporation 56 Bank Holiday at the Dyke 91 Bell, Elliot 123 Akehurst, Kevin 128, 129 Anglo-Amalgamated Film Astaire, Fred 71, 137 bankruptcy 47, 50, 58, 61, 125 Bell, L&A 48 Akokhia, Sarah 127 Distributors 124, 126 Astor Pictures Corporation 125 Banks, Leslie 15, 138 Bell, Tom 118, 136 Aladdin and the Wonderful Anglo-American Film Astoria Cinema 31, 33, 34, Barabbas 69 Bell, VAnessa 184 Lamp 92 Corporation 172 38, 39,40, 44, 45, 55, 165, Barclay, Linda 136 Bellamy, George 151, 198 Albany Villas 177, 191 Angus, Thongs and Perfect 168, 170, 174, 189, 194 Bardot, Brigitte 157 Belles of St Trinian’s, The 170 Albion Hill 128 Snogging 119, 191, 195, 199 Astra-National Productions Barker, Howard 129 Bellringer, Nathan 121 Albion Hotel 176 Animal and Bird Studies 106 171, 179 Barker, Nigel 132 Belmont 191 Albion Street, Southwick 191 Animated Clown Portrait 90 Asylum of the Insane 125 Barker, Will 83 Belmont, Lara 119 Aldrich,Wilfred 71 Animated portrait—Miss At Brighton Beach 101 Barlow, James 136 Belvedere Club and Tea Aldrington Basin 191 Marie Lloyd 90 At Last! That Awful Tooth 97 Barnes, John 81, 209 Rooms 73

Cinema-by-Sea 213 Index

Belvoir Fruit Farms 60 Black Sheep, The 111 Braden, Bernard 137 Brighton Media Centre 196 Broken Melody, The 30, 59, Ben Hur 46 Black Windmill, The 120 Bradford, Ernie 133 Brighton Mystery, The 112 75, 87, 125 Benet, Vicki 172 Black, Edward 137, 138 Bradshaw, Mrs AM 53 Brighton on a Bank Holiday 87 Bromet, M 190 Benett, Vere Fane 151 Blackburn, Amy 131 Bradshaw, Peter 129 Brighton Parkour 139 Bromhead, AC 155 Benett-Stanford, John 151, 178 Blackburn, Douglas 177 Bradshaw, W T 53, 152, 190 Brighton Parks Department Bromige, Frederick E 42, 57 Bening, Annette 133 Blackburn, Lancashire 10 Braithwaite, PH 66 165 Bron, Eleanor 136 Benjamin, Dan 67, 151, 191 blacklist, Hollywood 133 Branagh, Kenneth 120 Brighton Police 128, 195 Brook, Faith 138 Bennett, Charles 151, 192 Blackmail 60, 151 Brangwyn estate 122 Brighton Queen, The 95 Brookes, Ray 125 Bennett, Hywel 129 Blackmore, Peter 129 Bratt, Harald 130 Brighton Repertory Company Brook-Jones, Elwyn 133 Bennett, Tom 121 Blackpool 158, 208 Brave Young Men 139 166 Brooks, Adam 136 Bent, Emma E E 157 Blacksmiths at Work 91 Braybon, TJ 43 Brighton Road, Clayton 191 Brooks, Ray 177 Bentley, John 125 Blackstone Group 47 Breaks, Sebastian 120 Brighton Road, Shoreham 191 Brown Goes to Mother 106 Berges, Paul Mayeda 119 Blagden, Bob 119 Breathe 121 Brighton Rock (1947) 71, Brown, Cameron 120 Berkeley-Steele, Genevieve 120 Blake, Jerome 120 Breen, Joseph I 137 113, 114, 121, 152, 174, 194, Brown, Dan 123 Berlin Film Festival 133 Blake, Sexton 153, 167 Brenon, Robert 133 195, 197, 198 Brown, Elizabeth 119, 125 Berman, Pandro S 137 Blatchington Hall 46 Brent Walker 47, 132 Brighton Rock (2010) 121 Brown, Geoff 163 Bernhardt, Curtis 137 Blatchington Road 125, 191 Bresslaw, Bernard 122 Brighton Rock (book) 121 Brown, Joe, & The Bruvvers 56 Bernstein, Cecil 57 blind booking 11, 13, 33 Brickwell & Bullock 66 Brighton Rock Picture Book, Brown, Peter 119 Bernstein, Sidney 57 Blind Spot, The 120, 196, 198 Bridges, Robert 206 The 121 Brown, Robert 124 Berry, Darren 123, 135 Blithe Spirit 149 Briffett, Jim 128 ‘Brighton school’ 10, 125, 175, Brown, Theodore 181 Bespoke Overcoat, The 154 Bloch, George 49, 60, 66, 152, Brigand’s Daughter, The 106 209 Brown, Tim 210 Best, Edna 151, 197, 198 156 Briggs, George 52 Brighton School of Art 159 Brown’s Half Holiday 104 Beth 139 block booking 13, 33, 116 Brighton (1899) 92 Brighton Sea-going Car 88 Browne, Irene 152 Bettany, Paul 123, 136 Blue Circle cement works 127 Brighton (1956) 60, 139 Brighton station 118, 121, Browning, Tod 165 Between the Silence 120 Blue Flash Cinema Company Brighton (2011) 139 123, 126, 131, 132, 134, 197 Brunel, Adrian 152, 155, 194 Bevan, Faith 151 47, 189 Brighton Alhambra 64 Brighton Strangler, The 113, Brunswick Square 123, 125, Bevan, Tim 134, 136 Blue Halls 66, 156, 189, 190 Brighton & County Film 137 132, 191 Beverley, Samuel 55 Blue Wheel, The 139 Company 43, 86, 110, 187 Brighton Studios 118 Brunswick Terrace 191 Beyfus, George 51, 73, 152 Blue, Kitty 124 Brighton & Hove Albion 137 Brighton: The Esplanade 90 Bryan, Dora 128, 129, 130, BFI Reuben Library 212 Bluebell Railway 133 Brighton & Hove City Council Brighton: The Launch of the 131, 136 BFI Screenonline 211 Blunt, Emily 136 46, 57, 63 Skylark 90 Bryan, Dora 196 BHASVIC 124, 131 Blu-ray Disc 16, 41 Brighton & Hove Gazette 210 Brighton: The Lower Brydon, Rob 130 Biches, Les 69 Bluto, Tony 133 Brighton & Hove Guardian 28 Esplanade 90 BSkyB 130 Bicycle Polo 96 Board of Trade 206, 207, 208 Brighton & Hove Herald 36 Brighton Trades and Labour Buchanan, Jack 55, 153, 171 Bicycle Rider 87 Boat that Rocked, The 120 Brighton and Shoreham Club 44 Buckley, Lord Justice 146 Bicycle Thieves 38, 46, 52 Bobby’s Birthday 106 Building Society 152 Brighton West Pier, The Rise Buckley, Mrs RH 43 bicycling prints 58 Bodhisattva Buddhist Centre Brighton Aquarium 109, 179 and Fall 139 Builder of Bridges, The 177 Big Apple 70 134 Brighton Aquarium see Brighton Wok: The Legend of Building a Chicken House 110 Big Beach Boutique II 136 Boer War 44, 80 Aquarium, Sealife Centre Ganja Boxing 121 Bull, Peter 138 Big Cat Productions 128, 129 Bogarde, Dirk 122, 131 Brighton Borough Council/ Brighton Youth Centre 193 Bullock, Ray, Jr 120 Big Finish, The 120 Bogarde, Dirk 61 Corporation 37, 40, 46, 50, Brightonia Film Com pany Bully and the Recruit, The 107 Big Hangover, The 44 Bogdanovich, Peter 44 52, 80, 121 168, 175, 207 13, 43, 86, 110, 159, 169, Bungalow Town 151, 168, Big Swallow, The 79, 96, 156, Bogdanski, Hagen 136 Brighton Centre 63, 66, 132, 173, 187 191, 204 200 Bolam, James 124 194 BrightonWorkhouse 193 Burden of Proof, The 136 Big Switch, The (Strip Poker) Bolter, Samantha 118 Brighton: Children on the Brimson, Eddy 123 Burden, Hugh 126 129, 196, 198, 198, 199 Bomber 121 Sands 90 Bristol Mercury 210 Burford, Roger 137 Big Waves at Brighton 109 bombs 62, 71 Brighton College of Art 68, Britannia Films 127 Burger King 41, 68, 196 Bigview Productions 119, 125 Bond, Alan 72 180 British & Colonial Kinemato- Burgess, Monty 127 Bigwood Avenue 165, 191 Bond, Derek 133 Brighton Cooperative Society graph Company 150 Burlesque of Popular Bijou Electric Empire, Bonham Carter, Helena 134 44 British Acoustic Films (BAF) Composers 99 Brighton 34, 46, 66, 196 Booth, Anthony 133 Brighton Corporation see 34, 48, 50, 69 Burlington Street 170, 192 Bijou Electric Empire, Booth, Walter R 109, 110, Brighton Borough Council/ British Association of Film Burnett, Lucas 127 Shoreham 34, 46, 190, 194 152, 163 Corporation Directors 171 Burnham, Lord 206 Bijou Orchestra 50 Boots 197 Brighton Corporation Water- British Board of Film Censors Burns Cooke, Caroline 133 Bijou Select Palace 31, 34, 49, Borehamwood 14 works 60 (BBFC) 13, 37, 55, 175 Burtenshaw, DE 52 66 Boris Films 121 Brighton—Die Sinfonie der British Broadcasting Corpora- Burton, Langhorne 125, 153 Bikel, Theodore 136 Borough Street 119, 191 Großstadt 139 tion see BBC Burton, Richard 136 Bill Kenwright Films 124 Borzage, Frank 153 Brighton Film Academy 212 British Challenge Glazing Butcher’s Film Service 46, 134 Bill Poster’s Revenge, The 95 Bosio, Angélique 129 Brighton Film Festival 63, 119 Company 46 Butland, Riki 133 Billy Liar 124 Boswell House College 170 Brighton Film School 205, British Cinecolor 157 Butler, Josephine 127 bingo 45, 56, 58, 51, 53, 61, Bottomley, Horatio 168 212 British Empire Exhibition 207 Butt, Alfred 158 62, 70, 70, 74 Boulting, John 15, 69, 114, Brighton Film Studios 15, British Film Academy 178 Butterworth, Peter 118 Biocolor Picture Theatres 43, 121, 138, 152 113, 116, 118, 119, 122, 125, British Film Institute 16, 68, Button, Matthew 135 146, 168, 189 Boulting, Roy 15, 69, 114, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 134, 145, 165, 166, 171, 174 see Bwana Devil 38 Biocolour 146, 161, 187 121, 138, 152, 154 135, 155, 169, 187, 188, 192, also BFI and National Film By Berwin Banks 111 Biograph see American Bouly, Léon 9 198, 205 and Television Archive Byford-Winter, Laura 121 Mutoscope & Biograph Boundary Road 129 Brighton Film Theatre 11, 31, British Film Week 174 Byford-Winter, Samson 121 Biokam camera 150, 157 Bouwmeester, Theo 109, 161 34, 38, 41, 53, 67, 70, 74, 153 British Film Year 41 Byng, Douglas 153, 191 Bioptics 188, 189 Bowen, Mark 129 Brighton Fire 93 British International Pictures Byng, Field Marshall Viscount, Bioschemes 146, 187 Box, Betty 129 Brighton Front on a Bank 151, 166 of Vimy 168 Bioscope 142 Box, Frederick G 51, 190 Holiday 87 British Lion Film Corporation Byrne, Eddie 122 Bioscope, The 211 Box, Muriel 137 Brighton Gazette [& Sussex 15, 34, 118, 127, 128, 131, Byrne, Miles 48, 68, 74, 153, Bioscope Days 212 Box, Sydney 137 Telegraph] 28, 29, 46, 210 137, 166 160 Bio-Tableaux 57 Boxall, Edwin 47 Brighton General Hospital 193 British Music Hall Society 192 Byron, Kathleen 130 Birch, Eugenius 44 Boy and the Convict, The Brighton Grammar School 159 British National Film League Byways of Byron 52, 93, 109 Birch, Harry 144 108, 141, 194 Brighton Hammam Turkish 206 Bird Feeder 139 Boy’s Own Paper 11 Baths 43 British National Film Studios cable television 16, 41 Birtac camera 149 Boyask, Ross 123, 125, 128, Brighton Herald 36 168, 191, 206-208 Caburn Road 178, 192 Birth of a Nation 70 129, 131, 135, 136 Brighton History Centre 212 British National Films 138 Caine, Michael 70, 120, 130, Birth of Flowers 43 Boyd, Don 119 Brighton Hove and Sussex British Screen 130, 133 176 Bishop, Kevin 120 Boyd, Kate 119 Sixth Form College see British Soldiers 106 Cakewalk, The 97, 169 Biziou, Peter 133 Boys Under Pier 87 BHASVIC British Thomson-Houston Callan 58 Black Cat Bingo Club 74 Boys Will be Boys 102 Brighton Labour Club 44, 197 (BTH) 34, 52, 61, 64, 70 Callbox Mystery, The 170 Black Narcissus 176, 184 Boyz Gone Bad 139 Brighton Little Theatre 175, 179 Broadbent, Jim 119, 133, 136 Calley, John 123 Black Rock 42, 121, 122, 191 Braban, Harvey 152 Brighton Marina 16, 32, 42, Broadway Productions 135 Calthrop, Donald 60 Black Rock Films 135 Braband, Jan 132 47, 118, 120, 135 Brocksopp, Thomas 152, 193 Calvert, Louis 153 214 Cinema-by-Sea Index

Calvert, Phyllis 131 charity levy 36 Cineplex Odeon 47 Coliseum Cinema, Shore ham Coronation of Their Majesties Cambridge Grove 12, 113, Charles II 156, 199 Cinerama 60 34, 47, 61, 190, 191 King Edward VII and 192, 202-203 Charles Reynolds Productions Cines 84, 85, 185, 188 Coliseum Theatre 49, 196 Queen Alexandria 98 Cameron, Basil, Orchestra 69 127 Cinescene 31, 33, 41, 67, 132, Collings, Esmé 10, 11, 29, 75, Coronation Street 129, 167, 186 Can You Keep It Up for a Charles Urban Trading 190 82, 116, 125, 149, 155, 157, Corsican Brothers, The 90, 177 Week? 56 Company 188 Cinetour 35 190, 191, 193, 196, 200 Cosgrove, Ellen 123 Candy Bar cafe 120 Charles, Emile 125 Cineworld 16, 34, 47, 197 Collings, James White 155 Cosh Boy 58 Cannes Film Festival 119, 125, Charlesworth, Ian 123 Cinographoscope 10, 29, 60, Collings, Keturah 155 Cosy Nook 41, 49, 60, 165, 194 130 Charrington, Arthur 86, 154, 197 Collins, Alf 102, 155 Cotter, Paul 121 Cannon Cinema 31, 34, 47, 72 168, 169, 173 Cinven 63 Collins, Joan 128 Cotton, Wilfred 58 Cannon Place 195 Charrington, Harry 127 Circuits Management Asso colour 141-146 Coull, Simon 127 Canterbury Hall 125 Chart, Jack 81, 107, 154, 194 cia tion (CMA) 69, 189, 190 Coltrane, Robbie 125, 130 Countryman’s Day in Town, Canterbury Tale, A 176 Charter Film Productions 121 Circular Panorama of Columbia Pictures Corporation A 106 Capital & Provincial News Charter Films 152 Brighton Front 95 119, 123, 124, 125, 136, 137 County Cinemas 60 Theatres 34, 47, 197 Charters and Caldicott 138 circulation of the blood 131 Columbia Pictures Television Court Cinema, Brighton 10, Capra, Franl 172 Chasin, Liza 136 Circus 123, 194 164 31, 33, 34, 39, 41, 49, 59, Capron, Brian 118 Chasing Heaven 139 Circus Pictures 123 Colver, Andrew 127 150, 150, 190, 196 Captain Clives 125, 154, 195, Cheating the Sweep 106 Citadel, The 149 Come Play with Me 123 Court Kinema, Shoreham 34, 198, 199 Chelsea Life 170 City of Dreamers 123 Comedian and the Flypaper, 72-73 Captain Clives and his Clever Champagne Charlie 180 City Screen 53 The 97, 169 Court, Hazel 126 Dog Tiger 99, 154, 194 Chennell, VR 53, 190 Citygrove Leisure 42 Comfort, Lance 119, 126, 155, Courtney Terrace 169, 192 Carden, Alfred 49, 58 Cherries 60 Clair, Mavis 154 167 Courtship Under Difficulties Carder, Timothy 210 Cherry Pink and Apple Clair, René 33 Comic Barber 88 93, 184 Carlile, W 88 Blossom White 64 Clancy, Lara 135 Comic Cuts 11 Cowan, Maurice 131, 133 Carlson, Elizabeth 119 Chesham Place 192 Clare, Mary 127 Comic Face 76, 88 Cox, Jack 118, 131, 138 Carlton Film Company 86, Chester Terrace 192 Clarence House School 167 Comic Scene 87 Craig, Hilton 118, 134 154, 172, 187, 204 Chevalier, Albert 64 Clarendon Film Company 172 Comic Shaving 76, 88 Cranfield Cinemas 168 Carlton Hill 192 Cheyney, Peter 138 Clarendon Mansions 194 comic strips 11 Cranham, Kenneth 136 Carlton Terrace 192 Chibnall Steve 121 Clarges Hotel 122 Commission du Cinéma d’Art Crawford, Anne 127, 138 Carmen Jones 43 Chibnall, Steve 121, 210 Clark, Alistair 129 et Essai 116 Crazy Gang 149 Carmichael, Ian 15, 126 Chichester Festival Theatre 154 Clarke, Frank 125 Complete Index to World crazy golf 195 Carnaby International 123 Chichester Terrace 132, 163, Clarke, William 72 Film 211 Crazy People 132 Carne, Judy 118 192 Classic Cinema, Lewes Road Compton Avenue 192 Creative Management Agency Carnival Films 136 Children Bathing on Hove 34, 56 Compton cinema organ 46, 57 176 Carol, Joan 126 Beach 91 Classic Cinema, Western Road Con Man, The 128 Crédit Lyonnaise 47 Carousel 43 Children Galore 122 34,41, 43-44, 56, 200 Concert for Bangladesh 43 Cregan 139 Carpenter, Paul 136 Children of Gibeon, The 111, Classic Cinemas 52, 174, 189 Confugium Film 127 Crescent Road,Shoreham 192 Carr, Brendan 135 158 classification see censorship Congrès International des Cressall, Maud 125, 156 Carrington, Anna 118 Children On The Beach 87 Clay, Reginald 146 Editeurs de Film 13, 33, 83 Cresswell 133 Carry On at your Convenience Children Paddling 87 Clay, Thomas 130 Conjuror, The 93 Cresswell, John 122, 118 114, 122 Children Paddling at the Clayton & Black 49, 52 Conley, Brian 123 Cresswell, Luke 46 Carry On films 160, 196, 199 Seaside 75, 88 Clayton, Alastair 127, 136 Connery, Sean 127, 176 Crest Film Productions 187, Carry On Girls 122 Children’s Film Founda tion Clayton, Charles E 49, 52 Connor, Kenneth 122 205 Carson, John 134 114, 118, 122, 139 Clayton, Jack 154 Conquest, Arthur 156, 163, Crewe, Bertie 42 Carstairs, John Paddy 131 Chilton, Charles 131 Clayton, Simon 127, 136 168, 204 Cricket 91 Cart Horse Parade 107 Chipper, AB 46 Cleland, John 124 Conrad, Jess 125, 128 cricket, test 177 Carter, Winifred 138 Chisholm, Nigel 135 Clement, Dick 136 Conran and Partners 58 Cricks & Martin 150 cartoon cinemas 47 Choice Bouquets 109 Clements, Ivan Francis 127 Conservative Party Cricks & Sharp 83 Casablanca 41 Choo, Maye 134 Clements, John 131, 154, 172, Conference 132 Cricks, George 83 Casey, Terance 153, 174 Choosing the Wallpaper 107 198 Constable 027 139 Crisp, Donald 154 Casino Royale 151 Christie, Linford 124 Clever and Comic Cycle Act Constable, Ernest Edward 73 Crist, Judith 205 Cassandra’s Dream 122 Church Road 80, 113, 192 95, 167 Constant Nymph, The 155 Croizon, Frederic 121 Cassavetti, Nick 130 Church Street, Brighton 114, Clifton, Edward 36 Continental Commerce Cromie, Robert 60 Cassell, Jean-Pierre 131 192 Clifton Hill 136, 192 Company 187 Cromwell Road 80, 114 Cast a DarkShadow 122 Church Street, Shoreham 192 Clifton Road 136 Continental, The 113 Crosby, Bing 62, 113 Castle in the Air 169 Churchill Square 144, 194 Clifton Terrace 169, 192 Continentale Cinema 34, 37, Cross, Eric 123 Castle, John 129 Cinderella and the Fairy Clock Tower 15, 114, 120, 38, 41, 48, 153, 160, 190, 199 Crossan, Denis 130 Cat Studies 106 Godmother 90 136, 197 Contraband Love 170 Crossed Lines 139 Cavalcade 152 CineCity 116 Close Quarters, with a Notion Conversation with Yourself 139 Crossed Words 139 Cavalcanti, Alberto 124 Cinema and Television of the Motion of the Ocean Conversations with Dead Men Crowds at Brighton 87 Cavendish Court 62, 198 Benevolent Fund 173 99 123 Crowhurst, Harry 156, 176, CC Lab 136 cinema clubs 56, 67 Close, Ivy 154 Convict Films 121 188, 200 censorship 37, 55, 70 Cinema Museum 165 Clough, Brian 137 Conyers, Darcy 131 Crown, J L 49, 65, 156, 193 Centre National de la Cinéma- Cinema of Transgression 129 Clouzot, Henri-Georges 37 Coogan, Steve 123 Cryptic Coloration 120 tographie 116, 212 Cinema Theatre Association Clown 90 Cook, Chris 132 Crystal Room 59 Centurion Road 192, 205 197 Clown Barber, The 91 Cook, Miles 132 Crunch, The 139 Chabrol, Claude 68 Cinema-de-Luxe 31, 33, 34, Clown Cricketers 91 Cook, Norman 119, 123 Cuckoo in the Nest 62 Chadha, Gurinda 119 39,40,41, 46, 189, 197 Clown’s Telegram, The 103 Cooke & Tulk 46 Cullimore, Alan 132 Chadwick, BS 205 cinemagoing 15, 16, 208 and Cobbold, Charles 99, 154, 197 Cooke, Enver & Tulk 66 Cummins, Peggy 127 Chained for Life 165 passim Cobbold, John 99, 154, 197 Coombs, Amber 126 Cunliffe-Lister, Philip 207 Chalk Garden, The 122, 154, Cinemascope 38, 43, 48, 52, Cocoanuts, The 53 Cooney, Ray 131 Cup Final Mystery, The 170 158 56, 64, 69, 70 Coe, Brian 210 Cooper, Wilkie 128 Curbishley, Bill 132 Challis, Christopher 125, 136 Cinémathèque Française 158 Cohen, Betsy 51 Cooperative Food 55, 194 curfew, seafront 34, 64, 65 Chamberlain, Joseph 95 Cinematic Gorillas 127 Cohen, Danny 120 Cooperatove Film Service of Curry, Tim 132 Champion, The 70 Cinematograph Act 1909 35, 37 Cohen, Joseph 73, 155, 164, America 83 Curse of Frankenstein, The 166 Champneys, Walpole 68 Cinematograph Exhibitors 192, 198 Coppola, Lucia 123 Curtis, Jamess 13 Chance Meeting 136 Association (CEA) 11, 37, Cohen, Lewis 50 Coral Greyhound Stadium Curtis, Richard 120, 134 Chance of Rain 139 44, 51, 114, 151, 167, 172, Cohen, Robert 129 135, 196 Curtis, Tony 134 Chancellor of the Exchequer 13 207 Cole, George 128 Coral Social Club 46 Curtiz, Michael 151 Chanctonbury Road 192 Cinematograph Films Act Cole, Michael 125 Corcoran, Kit 132 Curzon Kinema 33, 34, 38, 39, Channel Four Films 136 1927 14, 15, 86, 208 Colebrook Road 165, 192 Cornelius, Henry 125 41, 50-52, 58, 73, 86, 152, Channon, Jack 52, 153, 190 Cinematograph Films Act Coleby, Nicola 210 Cornford, Ernie 156, 194 165, 170, 172, 189, 190, 200 Chapman, Edward 138 1938 15, 208 Colin, Jean 155 Cornford Bros 46 Cutts, Graham 156, 158, 159, Chappell, F, & Sons 60 Cinematograph Fund 36 Colin, Sid 131 Coronation Cinema 14, 31, 184 Chard, George Henry 29 Cinématographe 9, 29, 172 Coliseum Cinema, Brighton 33, 34, 41, 49, 60, 67, 156, Cybex Film Productions 125 Chard’s Vitagraph 10, 29, 49 Cinephone 34, 60 34, 58 158, 193, 196 Cycle Boat 90 Cinema-by-Sea 215 Index

Cycle Parade 91 Dennis, Simon 123 Drinkel, Keith 124 Edwards, Maudie 135 Evening Argus 29, 46, 50, 165, Cyclist Scouts in Action 96 Denos, William 73 Drive, The 193 Egleton Clive 120 174, 210 Dent, David 130 Du Maurier, George 28, 173 Egyptian Hall 10 Evening Telegraph, Dundee D’Almayne, Maud 150 Derby Day 169 Du Maurier, Gerald 158 Electric Bioscope 34, 43, 179, 211 Da Vinci Code, The 123, 198 Deserter, The 81, 102 Duchess of Idaho, The 44 199 Ever Since Eve 49 Daddy Long-Legs 76, 88, 113, Deutsch, Oscar 62, 63, 70 Dudley Hotel 136 Electric Empire Picture Palace Evil-doer’s Sad End, The 102 195 Devant, David 178 Dufay 156 34, 41, 54, 194 Ewart Street 128, 193 Dade, Stephen 137 Devil’s Dyke 50, 51, 91, 150, Dufaycolor 157, 161 Electric Theatres (1908) 46, Excess Profits Duty Act 1915 Daily Express 207 193 Duff Cooper, Alfred 47 189, 197 189 Daily Mirror 118 Devonshire Cinema 31, 34, Duffy, Brian 131 Electrocord 34, 54, 150 Exporting Entertainment 12, Daily News 210 44, 71, 194 Duffy, Kenneth 71 Elgar, Edward 206 177 Daily Telegraph 206 di Palma, Carlo 133 Duke of York’s Cinema 126, Elias, Andrew 118 Extra Turn, An 99 Dakota Films 130 Dial Nfor Nurder 139 132, 135 Elixir of Life, The 96, 156 Eyles, Keith 135 Dalby, Amy 135 Diamond Jubilee 177 Duke of York’s Cinema, Elizabeth is Queen 72 Eylure of London 150 Dalton, Sam 79, 96, 97, 125, Diamond, Rex 135 Brighton 16, 32, 33, 34, Ella’s Dream 139 Eyre, Richard 132 156, 199 Diary for Timothy 149 39,40, 41, 40, 52-53, 153, Elleray, D Robert 210 Damned United, The 137 Dick Whittington 92 158, 169, 190, 197, 199 Ellis, Frederick George 47, 61, Faces 170 Dance of Shiva 139 Dickens, Charles 58, 95, 199 Duke of York’s Cinema, Shore- 72, 159, Fairweather, John 55 Dance, Charles 124 Dickinson, Margaret 209 ham 34, 39, 46, 52, 154, 194 Ellis-Jones, Judith 118 Faith, Adam 55 Daneman, Paul 131 Dickinson, Thorold 154, 164 Duke, Ivy 171 Ellison, JW 71 Famous Players-Lasky 14, Dangerous Moonlight 149, 170 Dickson, Barbara 133 Dull Razor, The 93 Elm Grove 193 153, 170 Daniels, Phil 132 Dickson, William Kennedy- Dumbo 74 Elouhabi, Nabil 132 Fanny Hill 124 Danum, Richard J 125 Laurie 9, 76, 153 Dunesly, C 54 Elstree Studios 14, 166 Faraflix 131 Danvers, Johnny 156, 175, 176 Die Screaming, Marianne Dunkin, Fred 57 Elvey, Maurice 159, 160, 170, Farhoumand, Jian Cyrus 131 Danziger Productions 118 123, 193, 197 Dunst, Kirsten 136 175 Farr, Derek 138 Daponte, Demetre 156 Difficult Shave 93 duopoly 14, 34 Elvira Madigan 67 Farrar, David 127 Dark Man, The 123, 195 Digital Screen Network 47, 53 Duprez, June 137 Embassy Cinema 34, 39,40, 41, Farrell, Colin 122 Darkwood Manor 123 Dillon, Carmen 158 DVD 16, 41, 116 73-74, 153, 164, 165, 190, 200 Fast Learners 139 Darling, Alfred 10, 11, 75, Dining Table Publications 121 Dwyer, Finola 130 Embassy Court 130, 195 Fat Boy Slim Live from the Big 125, 142, 149, 155, 157, 177, Dinner Party, The 109 Dyer, Anson 158, 192 Emerald, Nell 86, 161, 167, 168 Beach Boutique 119 184, 192 193, 198 Direct Digital Pictures 127, 136 Dyke Hotel 50, 150 EMI 46, 72, 136 Fatboy Slim 124 Dash for Help, A 108 Direct Film Transport Co 188 Dyke Road 123, 134, 193 Emmott, Basil 119 Faust and Mephistopheles 90 Davenport, Nigel 136 Dirty Weekend 123, 191 Dyke Station 87 Empire Electric Theatre 34, Fawlty Towers 169 David Hannay Productions 135 Disabled Motor, The 95 Dynamiters, The 125 54, 71 Feast, Michael 156 Davidson, William Norman Disney 48 Empire Marketing Board 208 Federation of British Industry Lascelles 59, 81, 143, 144, Disney, Doris Miles 135 Eagle Rock Entertainment 136 Empire Picture Theatre 34, (FBI) 206, 207 146, 157, 163, 165, 173, 192, Ditchling Rise 142, 193 Ealing Studios 15, 138 38, 41, 54, 86, 109, 160, 194, Felix, Jon 124 196, 198, 200 Dixon of Dock Green 128, Earl of Camelot, The 187 197, 198 Fellner, Eric 134, 136 Davies, Alan 119 167, 171 Earl, Robert 123 Empire Theatre of Varieties Fellowes, Julian 136 Davies, Betty Ann 118 Doctor at Sea 157 Early Fashions on Brighton 10, 34, 49, 125, 150 Fellows, Mrs LReith 160 Davies, Karl 123 Doctor in the House 65 Pier 89 End of the Affair, The 124, Femme Fatale 139 Davis, Philip 121 Doctor Zhivago 46 Earthquake 46 194, 196, 197, 198 Ferguson Pictures 118 Dawson, Zara 121 Doctor’s Secret, The 65 East Brighton Estate 207 End of the Pier International Ferguson, Sarah 136 Day at Brighton, A 102, 155 Documento Film 133 East Lynne 51, 110, 179 Film Festival 118, 135 Ferguson, Sinead 118 Day at the Races, A 163 Dodd, Ken 195 East Street 132, 193 Endfield, Cy Raker 126, 130, Fernie & Sydenham 48, 189 Day in Brighton, A 139 Dog Show, The 90 East Sussex Record Office 212 133, 160, 163, 205 Fernie, George H 48, 50, 153, Day in Camp with the Dogs in the Surf 95 Eastbourne 138 Enemy from Space 132 160 Volunteers, A 99 Dolphin Theatre 34, 49, 44, Easter, W & R A 48, 54 England Invaded 60, 109, 193 Ferrera, Joe 132 Day on His Own, A 105 196 Eastern Road 125, 193 English Stage Company 167 Festival Film Productions 138 Day the Earth Caught Fire, Dolphins 123, 195, 196 Eastern Terrace 124, 133, 136, Enterprise Films 133 Festival of Britain 52, 138 The 137, 197 Dome, The 33, 52, 150, 174, 193 Entertainment Development Fielding, Rachel 127 Day, Ernest 129 192 Eastman, Brian 136 Syndicate 65 Fields,, Gracie 113, 160, 165 Day, Harry 207 Don’t Go Breaking My Heart Eastman, George 13, 83, 84 Entertainment Group 63 Fiennes, Ralph 124 Day, Jill 157 124 Eastmancolor 145 Entertainment Ventures 125 Fight 90 Day, Maximilian 133 Donald, James 137 Easy Hours 139 entertainments tax 13 Fighting His Battles Over Day, Will 158 Donat, Robert 15, 138 Easy Rider 56 Entree 139 Again 99 Day’s Holiday, A 107 Donkey and the Serpentine Eaton Court 125, 193 Episode in the Life of a Filie, F L 57 Dayton, Lewis 158 Dancer, The 97 Eaton Road 125, 193 Lodger, An 97 film classification 46 DCS Nilsson & Partner 132 Donkey Riding 87 Eaton Villas 125, 193 Era, The 210 Film Industry Defence de Caro, Mr 43 Donkey Riding at Brighton Eclair cameras 115 Eragraph 57 Organisation (FIDO) 41 de Frece, Walter 59, 158, 176 107 Eclipse of the Moon, An 104 Eros Films 119, 133 film production 14, Parts 3 de Freece, J 65 Donlan, Yolande 127 école de Brighton, L’ 10, 175, Esmond, Henry V 170 and 4, and passim De La Warr Pavilion 42 Donlevy, Brian 133 209 Esplanade Pavilion 195 Film Society, The 152 de Mille, William C 172 Donnisthorpe, Wordsworth 9 Eden Theatre 30, 49, 75 Essanay 84 Film Studios (Brighton) 172, de Winton, Alice 125, 158 Donohoe, Amanda 123 Edgar Wallace Mysteries, Essential Music Festival 46 188, 205 Deakin, Julia 124 Dormer, Charles 158 The:The Double 124, 195 Essoldo 31, 32, 33, 37, 55-56, Filmoteca de Catalunya 88 Dean Court Road 118, 193 Dorne, Sandra 118, 125 Edge, Francis 126 153, 197 Finkel, Abem 127 Dean, Kenneth AG 35 Dorothy Stringer High School Edge, S F 159, 163, 187 Essoldo Circuit (Control) 55, Finlay, Frank 132 Dean, Syd, & His Band 128 123 Edison Kinetophone 13, 43 189 Finlay, Jeanie 135 Dear Boys Home for the Dorothy’s Dream 101 Edison Kinetoscope 9, 10, 44, Estridge, Robin 136 Finn, Herbert A 54 Holidays, The 102 Dors, Diana 128, 137 74, 82 Eugene Sandow 94 Finsbury Technical College 9 Death of Poor Joe, The 95, Down Terrace 124, 193 Edison Manufacturing European Blair Camera Fircombe-on-Sea 122 201 Down, Lesley-Ann 118 Company 144 Company 178 Fire and Police Obstacle Race Deer, Mrs AWL 51, 190 Downey, Robert, Jr 133 Edison, Thomas 9, 12, 14, 65, European Film Awards 133 93 Deighton, Len 131 Downland Housing Associa- 76, 84, 162, 187 Eurovision Song Contest 35, Fire Brigade Sports 91 Delhi Durbah 12, 145 tion 58 Edison-Thomas Vitascope 65 52, 46 Fire Drill 93 Dell, Jeffrey 123 Downs Crematorium 170, Ediss, Connie 159 Evans, Barry 123 Fire Over England 149, 175 Dempsey, Cheryl 124 171, 183 Edlin, Tubby 76, 88, 159 Evans, Clifford 134, 135 Fire! 5, 12, 80, 96, 114, 141, Dempster, Austin 129 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 164 Edmund Gurney and the Evans, Edith 122 194, 199 Dench, Judi 126 Dragnet 16 Brighton Mesmerist 177 Evans, Fred 160, 204 fires 39, 46, 49, 54, 59, 60, 61, Denham Studios 62 Drake, Frank 125 Edmunds, Christina 46 Evans, George 57 66, 69 Denison, Michael 138 Drama School 139 Edward Street 194 Evans, HC 190 Fires of Innocence 112, 149, 165 Denman & Matthews 44, 48, Drayton, Alfred 158 Edward VII 80 Evans, Maurice 160 Fireworks Pictures 130 199 Dressler, E, Co 84, 188 Edwards, Anthony 124 Evans, Paul Vaughan 135 First Avenue 193 Denman Picture Houses 168 Drew-Bear, P J 49, 53, 158, Edwards, Arthur 56 Evans, Will 93, 158, 160, 163, First Gentleman, The 113, Denmark Villas 125, 180, 193 190 Edwards, Henry 170 168, 175, 204 114, 124, 172, 198 216 Cinema-by-Sea Index

First Look International 133 Friedman, Joseph 124 Genevieve 65, 114, 125, 195, Grace, W G 91 Guardian, The 129 First National 14 Friel, Anna 130 196 Grade, Lew 56 Guest, Val 127, 132, 137 First of the Few, The 152 Friend, Capt BJ 43 Genn, Leo 123 Granada Cinema 33, 38, 39, Guillermin, John 118 Firstsight Films 119 Friend, Rupert 136 Gentle Sex, The 152 40, 41, 46, 57, 189, 197 Guinness, Alec 15, 126 Firth, Colin 119 Friese, Mariana Helena 161 Gentleman Joe Palooka 160 Granada Television 125, 171 Guns of Navarone, The 69 Fish Can’t Fly 139 Friese Greene and Collings George IV 32, 180 Grand Avenue 173 Gurney, Edmund 177 Fisher, Adeline 184 161, 190 George V 12, 49, 52, 145 Grand Cinema De Luxe 34, 65 Guttenberg, Maurice 161 Fisher, Gerry 118 Friese Greene, William 9, 38, George VI 56 Grand Cinema Theatre 30, Gutteridge, H 65 Fisher, Terence 122, 125 75, 125, 138, 143-146, 152, George, Isabel 135 31, 33, 34, 36, 39, 41, 58, Guy, Alice 181 Fishersgate railway station 194 155, 157, 158, 159, 161-163, George, Susan 123 167, 169, 176, 196 Gymnastics 90 Fishing Smack Race 91 164, 178, 179, 187, 190, 191, George Street 114, 194 Grand Concert Hall 58, 199 Gymnastics series 88 Fisz, S Benjamin 127, 133 196, 200 Getting Rid of His Dog 106 Grand Hotel 123, 132, 134, 194 Fitch, Clyde 137 Friese-Greene, Claude 146, Ghandi 68 Grand Junction Road 124, Haddington Street 194 Fitzherbert, Mrs 137, 138 154, 157, 161, 187 Ghost Goes West, The 165 126, 127,194 Hagen, Julius 179 Fixers 125 Friese-Greene, Graham 163, Ghost Ship 126, 194, 198, 200 Grand National Pictures 130 Hale, George 94 Flackett, Jennifer 136 196 Gibb, James 123 Grand National, The 91 Hale, Sonny 166 Flag Lieutenant, The 170 Friese-Greene, Raymond 200 Gibbs, Gerald 132, 135 Grand Parade 126, 177 Hale’s Tours 94 Flanagan, Bud 149 Friese-Greene: Portrait of an Gibraltar Films 125, 130 Grand Picture Palace 31, 34, Haley, Bill 164 Flaw, The 125 Inventor 138, 163, 196 Gielgud, John 131, 153 39, 58, 199 Hall, Joshua David 127 Fleming, Brandon 118, 125, Frinton, Freddie 132 Gilbert & Sullivan 169 Grandma Threading Her Hall, Stuart 164 134, 205 From Bud to Blossom 109 Gilbert, Lewis 122 Needle 93 Halliday, William 132 Flemyng, Robert 122 From London to Brighton 101 Gill, Eric 196 Grandma’s Reading Glass 78, Halpern, Louis 47, 61 Flesh and Blood Show, The Frost, Nick 120 Gilliat, Sidney 128, 138,166 93, 178 Hamer, Robert 138 125, 197, 199 Fruit Machine, The 114, 125, Ginett’s Royal Circus 57 Grandmother’s Wolf 93 Hamilton, Andy 130 Flint, Walter R 54, 160, 198 195, 199 Gingerbread 109 Granger, Derek 126 Hamilton, Patrick 113, 164, Flood, Gerald 134 Fry, Stephen 130 Ginsbury, Norman 124 Granger, Stewart 137 193 Flood, The 50 Fryco 49 Girl on the Pier, The 126, 155, Grant, Arthur 127 Hamlet 158, 171, 172, 176 Florence Road 175 Fu Manchu, Dr 168 194, 197 Grant, Stanley 126 Hammer Films 132 Fly Trap 125 Fuerst Bros 82 Girl with a Pistol (La Rag azza Graves, George 163, 168 Hammond, A 67 Flying from Justice 110, 169 Full Monty, The 40 con la Pistola) 133 Graves, Peter 138 Handful of Dust, A 126 Flying the Fom and Some Full On Film Productions 123 Girls Bathing 90 Graves, Rupert 126 Handl, Irene 123, 131, 138 Fancing Diving 105, 199 Fuller, William 46 Girl Who Forgot, The 152 Gray, Douglas Stannus 194 HandMade Films 130 Foiadelli, Adrian 128, 129 Fury, Billy 55 Girton House School 167 Gray, Frank 209, 210 Hanging Out the Clothes, or Foort, Reginald 60 Furze Hill 134, 168, 194, 201 GK Films 136 Great Bargain Sale, The 107 Master, Mistress and Maid Football and Cricket 88 Fusion International Sales 133 Gladstone’s Funeral 91 Great British Films 133, 135 88 Football Game and Gladys the penguin 138 Great Football Cup Final, The Hangleton 42 Scrimmage 88, 159 Gabriel Grub the Surly Sexton Glaser, Paul 132 106 Hangleton Way 194 For Her Sake 109 103 Glazer, Brian 123 Great Gatsby, The 154 Hanks, Tom 123 For This Is Film 131 Gaffney, Deirdre 127 Glen, William R 71 Great Glove Fight 95 Hanley, Jack 119 Forbes, Bryan 15, 133 Gaiety Cinema 33, 39, 40, 56, Glendening, Jonathan 135 Great Sea Serpent, The 103 Hanley, Jenny 125 Forbes, Meriel 131 118, 174, 175, 195 Glenister, EV 52 Great Spy Raid, The 170, 171 Hannah, John 123 Forbidden Lover, The 91 Gaiety Theatre 49, 198 Globocine International Great War 13 Hannan, Peter 126 Ford and Hanson 99 Gaiman, Neil 130 Pictures 127 Greaves, J E 61, 163, 174 Hanson, Michael 132 Ford, Howard J 129 Gainsborough Pictures 137, Gloucester Place 194 Green, Aaron 135 Hard Day’s Night, A 168 Ford, Jon 129 138, 156, 159 Gloucester Road 114, 154, 194 Green, Harry 131 Hard Rock Café 63 Forde, Walter 138 Gala Bingo 58 Go-Between, The 158 Green, Janet 122 Hardiman, James 164 Fordham, Sam 120 Galloway, Lindsay 124 Goble, Alan 211 Green, Josh 127 Hardiman, Mr & Mrs Edward Foreign Correspondent 151 Galton, Ray 129 Godard, Jean-Luc 80 Green, Nellie 76, 164 44 Foreman Went to France, The Gambler’s Wife, The 92 Goldbacher, Sandra 130 Green, Nigel 163 Hardt, Stephanie 126 180 Game of Chess and Kisses, A 92 Goldcrest Films International Green, The, Southwick 194 Hardy, Thomas 206 Formby, George 113 Gance, Abel 73, 154 132 Green, Tom 76, 88. 89, 92, 93, Harker, Gordon 138 Forsyth, Richard 121 Gandhi 154 Goldcrest Pictures 119 94, 95, 98, 125, 163, 193, Harlequinade: What They Forsyth, Tony 125 Gannon, Wilf 86 Golden Era Film Distributors 199, 201 Found in the Laundry Fort Lee, New Jersey 170 Garbo, Greta 172 133 Greene, Graham 113, 121, 124 Basket 96 Forth, Muriel 196, 210 Gardner Arts Centre 57 Goldie, Wyndham 138 Greenpoint Films 132 Harman, Edith Kate 178 42nd Street 138 Gardner Road 194 Goldsman Akiva 123 Greensleeves 139 Harmsworth, Cecil 206 Foster, Dudley 134 Gardner Street 128, 194 Goldstone Villas 194 Greenwood, Jack 124 Harnett, Ricci 121 Foster, Pat 53 Garrett, Thomas, & Son 50, 52 Gompertz, Moses 60 Gregory, Thea 134 Harper, Frank 123 Four Brothers and a Funeral Garrick, John 163 Gone 139 Gregson, John 125 Harper, Roy 129 139 GAS Films 82, 187 Gone with the Wind 33, 41, Grendon Films 122 Harris, Andy 137 Four Horsemen of the Gaslight 149, 164 46, 138 Grenfell, Joyce 125 Harris, Arthur WIlliam 12 Apocalypse 69, 152 Gaumont, Léon 83 Goo 139 Grenville Place 194 Harris, John 73, 155, 164 Fowler, David 66 Gaumont British 137 Good Joke, A 92 Gresham House 58 Harris, Johnny 129 Fox, Michelle 119 Gaumont Company 13, 43, Good News 58 Greyer, Dominic 120 Harris, Lionel 124 Fox, William 165, 194 58, 83, 102 Good Stories 92 Gridley, RI 205 Harris, Rosemary 132, 137 Fox-and-geese 89 Gaumont-British Picture Good Story, A 95 Grierson, John 208 Harrison, Edith Jane 162 Fox Film Company 138 Corporation 33, 34, 43, 50, Good Time Girl 137 Griffin, Samuel 66 Harrison, George 43 Francis, Derek 134, 160 59, 69, 172, 189, 190 Goodbye 139 Griffith, DW 65, 70 Harrison, Kathleen 122, 137 Francis, Raymond 161 Gay Divorcee, The 113, 137 Goodbye, Mr Chips 170 Griffith, Hugh 125 Harrison, Rex 62 Frank 139 Gaywood Cinemas 55, 189 Goodchild, John 209 Griffiths, F R 44 Harrison, Tom 119 Franklin, William 133 GB-Kalee see Kalee Goodheart, Geoffrey 118, 125, Griggs, Frank W 44, 46 Harry Cohen Productions 138 Franklin Road 119, 193 Geere, Edward 43 134 Grindrod, Phil 130 Hart, Ian 124 Fraser, Bill 118 Gehry, Frank 42 Goodliffe, Michael 127 Grindstone Entertainment Hartington Road 129 Fraser, Ronald 123 Gelignite Gang, The 15, 125, Goodman, Henry 137, 176 Group 123 Hartley, Sonny 121 Fraudulent Beggar, The 91 191, 193, 198, 205 Goodnight Vienna 171 Grip of Iron, The 86, 110 Hartnell, William 121, 123, Freaks 163, 165 Gelman, Milton S 134 Goon Show, The 132, 160 Grogan, Clare 132 127 Fred Ott’s Sneeze 76 Gem Cinema 34, 36, 57, 65, Gordon & Co 74 Groome, Georgia 119, 129 Hartney, Luke 124 Free Trade Bench, The 101 74, 195 Gordon Bennett Trophy 159 Grosvenor Casino 72 Harvesting 91 Freehold Terrace 193 Gem Electric Cinema 34, 36, Gordon Highlanders 106 Group Film Productions 129, Harvey, Walter J 134 Freeman, Ellis 127 57, 176, 195 Gordon, Leon 163 136 Harwood, Ronald 133 Freeman, FJ 47, 61 Gemmell, Ruth 127 Gorell, Lord 206 Grove Family, The 173 Hass, Leontine 135 Freeman, Hardy & Willis 57 General Cinema Theatres 34 Gorman, Ewan 135 Groves, Elizabeth 157, 200 Hastings Pier 30, 89, 177 freemasonry 168, 175 General Film Distributors Goulding, Alfred 118 Groves, Fred 164 Hatcher, Julie 53 French Can-Can 38 123, 129, 131, 136 Goulty, JN 199 Grube, Thomas J 126 Haunted Castle, The 88 Frenkel, Theo 109, 161 General Theatre Corporation Grable, Betty 137 Grün, E F 143, 146, 163, 164, Haunted Picture Gallery, The Freshfield Road 193 50, 189 Grace, Nathalie 123 194 92 Cinema-by-Sea 217 Index

Havelock-Allan, Anthony 136 History of a Butterfly, The: A Howard, Leslie 152, 172, 173 Internet Movie Database Joyce, James 37, 48 Hawke, Lord 91 Romance of Insect Life 109 Howard, Moya 121 (IMDb) 116, 161, 211 Jubilee Library 41 Hawkhurst, Kent 35 Hitchcock, Alfred 60, 86, 113, Howard, Ron 123 Intimate Strangers are Here, Judd, Edward 118, 137 Hawkins, Jack 15, 131 137, 151, 152, 164, 166, 171, Howard, Ronald 128 The 127 Juggins’ Motor 102 Hawkins, Sally 122 182 Howard, Saul 121 Intolerance 65 Jules et Jim 48 Hawley, Richard 133 Hitman, Gerald 53 Howard, Trevor 128 Intuition Shorts, The 127 Jumeaux, Benjamin 81, 143, Hawleys of High Street, The Hobden, Phil 123, 129, 131, Howell, Kristina Ann 118 Ipcress File, The 163 144, 146, 157, 163, 165, 173, 57 135, 136 Howes, Sally Ann 138 I Put My Heart into This Film 193, 196, 200 Hawthorne, Nigel 133 Hobson, Valerie 15 Hoye, John 126 139 Jumeaux de Brighton, Les 118 Hay, Tom 131 Hodcarriers’ Ping Pong, The Hudd, Roy 196 Ireland, Jill 127, 138 jump cut 76 Hayden Coffin, Adeline 158, 99 Hudson, Victor 57 Irishman and His Button, The Jump Start Productions 123, 164, 175 Hodder’s grocery store 195 Hughes Hain & Co 42 97 135 Hayden, John 118 Hodgins, Arthur 72 Hume, Alan 122 Irving, Henry 152 Junkin, Harry W 134 Hayes, D J 48 Hoellering, George 179 Hume, Kenneth 127 Irwin, Boyd 139 Juno and the Paycock 86, 171 Hayes, John Michael 122 Hoffman, Philip Seymour 120 Humphries, Dave 132 Isle of Man Film 130 Just in Time 106 Hayes, Melvyn 118 Holder, WG 72 Hundred Pound Window, The Islingword Street 128, 194 Justin, John 127 Hayman, Cyd 134 Holland Road 42, 194 113, 118, 127 It Began in Brighton (1937) Hays, Will H 206 Holland, Mike 46 Hunt, J Roy 137 138 Kalee 34, 44, 48, 53, 168 Hayter, James 137 Hollander, Abe 51 Hunter, Mr 77, 92, 94, 95, 98 It Began in Brighton (1966) Kalem Company 154 Head, Graham 69, 95, 165 Holloway, Stanley 15, 128 Hunter, Ross 122 212 Kammatograph 157 Headington, Tim 136 Hollywood 16, 32, 160, 163, Hurst, Andy 132 Itinerama 60, 194 Kansas City Fire Depart ment Heart Sussex 193 164, 172 Hurst, Brian Desmond 127 ITV 16 94 Heathen 126, 191, 192, 195, Holmes, Alfred 154, 194, 198, Hurst, Mike 129, 131 Ives, Frederic 141, 180, 209 Kanter, Jay 136 197, 197 199 Hurst, Veronica 126 Ivy Lodge 78, 199 Karloff, Boris 167 Heather Brothers, The 120 Holmes, Andrew 119 Hurst Green 35 Izzard, Eddie 123 Karslake, Lewis 59 Heavy Load 126 Holmfirst 10 Hurt, John 121 Keen, Jeff 165 Hecht, Ben 173 Holt, Patrick 118, 125 Hussey, Olivia 118 Jacey Cinemas 189 Keep, The 212 Hedgerley 135 Home for the Holidays 102 Huston, Anjelica 126 Jacey Film Theatre 31, 34, 67 Kempner, Mark 124 Heine, William 53 Home Office 37 Huston, John 154 Jack and Jill windmills 102, Kendall, Kay 125, 128 Hell Drivers 126, 160 Home Video 139 Hutchins, Fred 76, 165 104, 118, 120, 191 Kenny & The Wranglers 119 Heller, Otto 127 Homecoming 139 Huxtable, Judy 123 Jack Ashore 102 Kent, Jean 137 Hellier, Jack 60 Homelees House 193 Hylton, Jack 55 Jack Leslie & Co 48, 190 Kenwright, Bill 124 Hellinger, Mark 127 Hooper, Liam 123 Hythe Road 194 Jack’s the Boy 54 Kerr, Bill 130, 132 Help! 183 Hooper, Tom 137 Jackson, Gordon 127, 138 Kerr, Deborah 62, 122 Hemmings, David 119 Hop Dog 118 I, a Woman 38, 48 Jackson, Louis H 138 Kesten, Bob 128 Hemsley, H L 49 Hope, Bob 62 I B Tauris 121 Jacobs, Harry 52, 74, 139, 190 Key, The 151 Henchard, Michael 111, 164 Hopkins, Joan 125 I Bet You 127 Jaffe, Shirley 118 Khondji, Darius 136 Henfield 35 Hordern, Michael 125 I Love Lucy 16 Jailbirds 50 KIL 1 128 Henri & Laverdet 46 Hornet’s Nest 112, 166, 183 I See Me 139 jam factory 60 Kine Year Book 48, 210 Henry V 158, 172, 174 Horses Ploughing 91 Ibbetson, Arthur 122 Jam, The 74 Kinemacolor 12, 38, 43, 82, Henry, Lenny 130 Horton, Edward Everett 137 Ideal Communications Films James Williamson & Co 187 86, 145, 146, 157, 161, 163, Henson, Basil 124 Horton, Ronald 69 125 James, Kieron 135 169, 170, 177, 178, 179, 181- Hepworth, Cecil 83, 116, 166 Hose Scene 75, 87 I Don’t Think It’s a Potato 139 James, Mr 95 182, 189, 202 Hepworth Manufacturing Hoskins, Bob 130, 176 Ifans, Rhys 120 James, Sid 122, 127, 128, 133 Kinemacolor Puzzle 107 Company 83, 101, 153, 154, Hot Ice 127, 169 Illington, Marie 75, 165 Janni, Joseph 129 Kinemas (East Anglia) 170 159, 161 Hot Shots 56 Illustrated Chips 10 Janssen, Famke 123 Kinematograph [and Lantern] Hepworth Vivaphone 54 Hotel Paradiso 153 Imagine Entertainment 123 January 2nd 127 Weekly 13, 38, 76, 82, 161, Her First Cake 105 Houdini, Harry 44 Imperial Arcade 200 January Films 127 207, 211 Her Greatest Performance Hounslow, Christine 135 Imperial Conference 208 Jay, Mark 123, 139 Kinematograph Daily 211 170 House of Lords 146, 206 Imperial Hotel 10, 60, 197 Jazz Singer, The 14 Kinematograph Manufac Her Majesty’s Theatre 49 House of Wax 46, 55 Imperial Picture Palace 34, 36, Jealous Painter, The 92 turers’ Association 37 Her Reputation 170 House that Jack Built, The 78, 49, 60, 67, 198 Jeg—en Kvinde 38, 48 Kinematograph Renters’ Herbert, Stephen 210 93 Imperial Theatre/Cinema 31, Jenkins, Megs 138 Association 208 Hereford Street 170 House Unamerican Activi ties 34, 36, 55, 153, 197 Jessop, Peter 125 Kinematographe 57 Herostratus 174 Committee 160 Imperial War Museum 79, 174 Jew Street 194 Kine-Opera 43 Herriott, R 46 Houston, Donald 125, 130 In the Good Old Times 104 Jigsaw 114, 127, 191, 194, 195, Kineto 161, 187 Hickton & Farmer 54 Houston, Renée 128 In the Green Room 95 196 Kinetoscope see Edison High Street, Shoreham 194 Hove Borough Council 30, In Which We Serve 118 Jim Henson Productions 130 Kinetoscope Highgate Cemetery 200 36, 54, 58, 73, 192, 194, 200, Incident on Brighton Beach Jimbo Entertainment 128, 129 Kinetours 52, 190 Highland Fling 91 202 106 Jockey, The 110 King Alfred Lanes 61 Highland Maid, A 111, 195 Hove Camera Club 10, 30, 60, Incorporated Television Joffe, Rowan 121 King Alfred Leisure Centre 42 Highlight 127, 198 184 Company (ITC) 134 Joffee, Charles H 122 King and Queen pub 159 Highton, James 124 Hove Cinematograph Theatre Indeception 139 John Bash Films Corporation King Kong 33, 163 Highway, The 194 34, 73-74, 152, 155, 164, Independent Artists 123, 129 119 King Street 194 Hilarious Bank Holiday 190, 193, 198, 200 Inexhaustible Cab, The 92 John Bull 168 King, George 138 Crowd, A 93 Hove Coastguards at Cutlass Infield, J Henson 43, 44, 139, John Bull’s Hearth 81, 101 King, Graham 136 Hilarity on Board Ship 97 Drill 89 191 John Halifax, Gentleman 151 King, H E 42 Hildyard, Jack 124 Hove Coastguards at Flag Inside 139 John Lewis Partnership 52 King, John 60, 166 Hill, Bernard 136 Drill 89 Inside Track Films 136 Johnna Man, The 128 King’s Court Hotel 121 Hill, Janet 124 Hove fire brigade 194 Inspector Hornleigh on Johns, Glynis 129 King’s Head 79, 156, 199 Hill, Robert 124, 132 Hove Lagoon 167 Holiday 148, 166 Johns, Mervyn 138 King’s Minicine News Cinema Hill, Robin 124, 132 Hove Lawns 132, 194 Instone, Michael 120 Johnson, S 60 34, 60, 165, 194 Hill, William 200 Hove Museum 211 Interesting Story, An 103, 192 Jolly Old Couple, A 93 King’s People, The 56 Hilliard, Patricia 165, 194 Hove Park Road 168 International C-Productions Jones, Ada 178 King’s Road 114, 128, 132, Hilton, Daisy and Violet 165 Hove Sea Wall in a Gale, The 129 Jones, Alan 123 133, 134, 194 Hilton, Tony 131 87 International Creative Jones, Jonah 122, 130 King’s Road Brighton 87 Hindell, T Guy 46 Hove Street 114 Management 176 Jones, Julian 129 King’s Royal Bioscope 64 Hinds, Anthony 132 Hove Town Hall 10, 30, 39, International Federation of Jones, Levi, & Co 82 Kings Cliff Cinema 12, 33, 34, Hippodrome 34, 36, 40, 40, 60, 166, 168 Film Archives (FIAF) 10, Jordan, HE 53, 190 48, 74, 160, 199 49, 59, 69, 86, 109, 144, 150, How Britain Prepared 182 78, 125 Jordan, Neil 124, 130 Kingston Lane 195 158, 168, 169, 196 How Pa Reads the Morning International Film Publi shers’ Joseph, Andy 129 Kingston Super Cinema 50 Hippodrome Circus 58 Paper 98 Congress 13, 32 Journey, The 139 Kingsway 132, 168, 196 Hird, Thora 131 How They Made a Man of International Projecting & JourneyOn 211 Kingswest see Odeon His First Cigar 93 Billy Brown 107 Producing Company 85 Jovial Monks No 1, The 93 Kinoblatz 211 His First Cigar, Probably His Howard, Gabriel 121 Internationale Filmproduktion Jovial Monks No 2, The: Tit Kinoplastikon 65, 163 Last 97 Howard, Joyce 138 Stella-del-Süd 119 for Tat 93 Kirkby, Tim 120 218 Cinema-by-Sea Index

Kiss Before the Mirror 49 Lawton, Jos 118 Little East Street 196 Lyons, Edward F 168, 194, Manor Way 118, 196 Kiss Chase 139 Lawyer Quince 43 Little Lord Fauntleroy 168, 195, 196 Manuva, Roots 124 Kiss in the Tunnel , The 77, Laye, Evelyn 166 170 Lyons, Gina 121 Manvell, Roger 10, 82, 209 81, 92, 177 Layton, Vernon 124 Little Matchseller, The 80, 99, Lyons, H Agar 86, 168 Maranne, André 133, 169 Kitchener, Lord 151 Lazer Warriors 74 185, 186 Lyons, Sir Joseph 43 Marcel, Kelly 129 Kitten Nursery, The 95 Lazzaro, Stefano 127 Little Miss Nobody 112 March of Time 140 Kleine Optical Company 83 Le Blond, Mrs Aubrey 60, Little Mother, The 107 McAvoy, James 136 March, Anita 150, 169 Kleine, George 13, 84 166, 193 Little Western Arms 73 McCallum, David 123, 127 Marcus, Stephen 133 Knack, The 183 Le Frenais, Ian 136 Little Witness, The 101 McCallum, John 128 Marey, Etienne-Jules 9 Kneale, Nigel 132 Le Mesurier, John 127 Little, Mark 130 McDonald, Alistair G 42 Marguerite, La 95 knickers 122 Le Prince, Louis 9 Littlewood, Joan 131 MacDonald, David 118, 137 Marine Drive 118, 120, 124, 196 Knight, David 119, 136 Lear, Professor 57 Litvinoff Si 118 MacDonald, John 121 Marine Gardens 175, 196 Knight, Esmond 119 Lee, Brenda 55 Lively Scene on Hastings Pier McEwan, Ian 132 Marine Gate 120, 124, 196 Knight, James 166 Lee, Christopher 118, 119 89 McFarlane, Brian 210 Marine Parade 122, 127, 129, Knox, Alexander 118 Lee, Frederick Marshall 142 Llik Your Idols 129 McGann, Sasha 132 132, 133, 135, 136, 170, 180, Koch, Howard 131 Leeds 9 Lloyd, Emily 136 MacGinnis, Niall 127 196 Kodak 13 Leeds United 137 Lloyd, Marie 64, 77,7 125, 167 McGinty, Brendan 123 Marine Square Gardens 118 Komedia 16, 53 Leeds, Charles 130 Lloyd, Ted 127 McGoohan, Patrick 127 Markham, Chris 127 Korda, Alexander 46, 152, Leeney, Alderman 36 locations 115 McGregor, Ewan 122 Marks, Alfred 132 154, 172 Lees Nursing Home 193 Lockwood, Margaret 122, 137 MacIlwraith, Bill 129 Marks, George Harrison 123 Kossoff. David 136 Left for Dead 114, 129, 136 Loder, John 137 McIntyre, Pamela 125 Marks, Rudolph 71 Krahn, Julia 127 Legacy, The 92 Lodge, John 137 McKean, Dave 130 Markwick, J 54 Kromscop 141, 144, 209 legs, rooftop 53 Lom, Herbert 127, 137 McKee, Gina 119, 130 Marlipins Museum 211 Kruse, John 126 Leigh, Andrew 166 Loman, Paul 139 McKellen, Ian 123, 133 Marlowe, Anthony 126 Kudos Film and Television Leighton, Margaret 15 Lombardi & Co 58, 144, 173, MacKenzie, John 129 Marriage License? 153 121 Leighton-Porter, Christabel 199 Mackenzie, Mary 130 Marriott, Steve 119 Kureishi, Hanif 119 118 Loncraine, Richard 133, 136 McKern, Leo 137 Marsan, Eddie 134 Kydd, Sam 136 Leister, Frederick 127 London & Amsterdam McKernan, Luke 151, 210 Marsden, Betty 136 Leland, David 130, 136 Properties 42 McLachlan, Kyle 130 Marsh, Carol 121 La Bern, Arthur 137 Lennard, Arthur 167, 197, 197 London, Brighton & South McLean, Quentin 71 Marsh, Reginald 134 Laboratory Lodge 178, 198 Leno, Dan 156, 175 Coast Railway 151, 199 McLeod, William 126 Marshall, Herbert 151 Lacrois, Superintendent 49 Leonidas, Stephanie 130 London Film Company 188 MacNaughton, Alan 124 Marshall, Joelle Jane 136 Lacroix, LE 46 Lepard, Mr 95 London Film-makers’ Co- McNicholas, Steve 46, 136 Marshall, Ken 129 Ladbrokes 56 Lerner, Alan Jay 131 operative 166 McQueeney, Maire 121, 210 Martin, Jamie 133 Ladd, Alan, Jr 136 Leroux, Gaston 43 London Films 128 McShane, Ian 136 Martyn, H H, & Co 71 Lady Barber, The 90 Leslie, Jack 48, 57, 52 London Gazette 211 Mad About Men 129, 167 Marvellous Capillary Elixir 96 Lady Godiva Rides Again 70, Let Me DreamAgain 78, 93, London Road 122, 124,196 Maddern, Victor 136 Marvellous Hair Restorer, The 128, 125, 166, 167, 182, 191, 144 London to Brighton 114, 129 Maddick, Edmund Distin 42, 96, 156 193, 195, 196, 197, 208 Let’s Go Crazy 139 London to Brighton in Four 168, 182, 190, 192 Marx Brothers 53, 163, 173, Lady Noggs: Peeress 111 Letter Box Thief, The 108 Minutes 139 Made 129 183 Lady Vanishes, The 166 Letter, The 106 London Weekend Television Madeira Drive 88, 113, 114, Mary Jane’s Mishap, or Don’t Lady’s First Lesson on the Letty Limelight in her Lair 94, 126, 136 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 131, Fool with the Paraffin 12, Bicycle, A 99, 183 150 Lone Wolf 139 132, 134, 136, 196 81, 97 Ladykillers, The 179 Levin, Mark 136 Lonely Man, The 66 Madeira Lift 122 Mary Poppins 180 Laemmle, Carl 85 Lewenstein, Oscar 167, 199 Long, Reginald 124 Magic Box, The 148, 152, 154, Mask, The 139 Lambeth Walk, The 163 Lewes Crescent 131, 132, 171, Long, Stanley A 128, 131 196 Mason, Bert 132 Lancashire, Sarah 119 196 Longhurst, Henry 167 Magic Extinguisher, The 96, Mason, Herbert 122 Lancing College 172 Lewes Road 142, 196 Look Back in Anger 167 156 Massey, Ceil 42 Landin, Daniel 134 Lewis, Arthur 129 Loose Ends 71 Magic Journey 139 Master Mariner kitchens 118 Landing at Low Tide 87 Lewis, Helen 129 Loot 129, 191, 199 Magni, Luigi 133 Master Plan, The 115, 130, Lanes, The 119, 121, 123, 196 Lewis, Jerry Lee 119 Lord Chancellor 146 Magnificent Ambersons, The 160, 198, 205 Lang, Fritz 43 Lewis, Ronald 127 Loreburn, Lord 146 160 Matador Pictures 119 Lang, Joseph 130 Lewis, Sinclair 47 Lorimer, Peter 132 Magnificent Music Machines Matcham, Frank 58, 59, 64, Langdon, Mrs LMerriman 70 Lewis, Steven Rhys 129 Lorna Road 196 Museum 70 169 Langford’s Hotel 132, 199 Lewis, Sydney K 167 Lorne, Mark 69 Maguire & Baucus 82, 175, Matches 139 Langley, Norman 123 Lewonski, SW 54 Lorraine, Harry 167 187, 188 MatchSeller 139 Langrish, EA, & Co 168 Lido Cinema 33, 34, 36, 54, Lorrigan, Steve 126 Maher, Terry 123 Mather, Andrew 62, 63 Lansdowne Road 134, 196 60-61, 193 Lost Connection 139 Maid in the Garden, The 88 Matheson, Judy 125 Lanson, Delphine 132 Lido School of Dancing 61 Lotto, Lilo and Otto 95, 125, Maid, SPB 194 Mathieson, John 121 Large, Tom 104,119, 125 Life and Death of Peter Sellers, 167 Main Street 47 Matthews Holder & Co 71-72 Lasowski, Elisa 127 The 176 Louis Tussaud Waxworks 126, Mainline Run 129 Matthews, AE 158 Last Chance, The 139 Life of a London Fireman 96 132 Majestic (Brighton) 50, 190 Matthews, Jessie 166 Last Glass of the Two Old Life of an American Fireman Love Birds, The 131 Majestic Cinema 34, 51, 71, Maurey, Nicole 133 Sports, The 95 12 Love on the Pier 89 194 Maverik Motion Pictures 132 Last of the Mohicans, The 167 Life of Shakespeare, The 150 Low, Rachael 82, 209 Major Barbara 62 Max Miller Last Picture Show, The 44 Life of the Wild Duck 109 Lower Rock Gardens 135, 196 Major Pictures 126 AppreciationSociety 195, Latest Music Bar Life Sentence 139 Lowland Cinderella, A 112, Make Mine a Million 150 196 Latham, Alan 123 Lift, The, Aghost story 139 170, 171 Making Sausages 88 Maxwell, James Clark 141 Latimer, Hugh 126, 133 Light Up the Sky 62 LTB Films 129 Malleson, Miles 125 Maxwell, Lois 134 Laughton, Charles 43 light waves 141 Lubin 83 Man and a Woman, A 110, Maxwell, Paul 134 Launch of Brighton Lifeboat Lighthouse 53 Lucari, Gianni Hecht 133 168 May, Janet 133 from Pier 94 Lilac Sunbonnet, The 112, Luckin, Kris 125 Man Drinking 88 Mayer, Norah 92 Launch of the Shamrock 92 158 Lugosi, Bela 167 Man for All Seasons, A 176 Mayfield 35 Launder, Frank 125, 128, 138, Liles, Ronald 134 Lumière 9, 27, 29, 82, 145, 172 Man in a Box 129 Mayhew, Marie 103 166, 182, 208 Lilley, Adam 120 Lump in the Road, A 139 Man in the Dark 38, 55 Maynard, George 119, 133 Laurance, S 190 Linda 129, 197 Lupino, Ida 86, 160, 168 Man Who Knew Too Much, Maynards 46 Laureate 133 Lion Has Wings, The 152 Lupino, Stanley 86, 160 The 151, 151 Mayor of Casterbridge, The Laurel and Hardy 166 Lion Leisure Group 58 Luton Tool Company 188 Man with a Flag 94 111, 164 Lavin, Nora 118 Lipsync Productions 123 Lutyens, Edwin 163 Man’s Shadow, A 111 Maypole Dance (Smith) 90 Lawn Tennis 92 Liqueurs and Cigars 109 Lyndhurst, F L 86, 163, 168, Mancunian Films 113, 150 Maypole Dance (Wiliamson) Laws, Stuart 127, 136 Listen to Britain 149 187, 188, 192, 204 Mander, Miles 137 92 Lawson, Anne 124 Lister, Eve 167 Lyndhurst Road 196 Manjinga 7:Monsters in the Mazda Fountain 52 Lawson, Steve 134 Lister, Moira 138 Lynn, Ralph 55, 62 Sky 139 MBX Productions 129 Lawson, Wilfred 127, 137 Little Doctor and the Sick Lyon 10 Mann, Tim 135 Me and My Girl 163 Lawton, Frank 166 Kitten, The 95 Lyons, E E 36, 43, 44, 45, 46, Manners, Lord John 60 Me Without You 130, 191, Lawton, John 188 Little Dorrit 111, 170 146, 168, 189 Manon 37, 55 196, 199 Cinema-by-Sea 219 Index

Meaney, Colm 137 Missiles from Hell 119 Moulsecoomb 42 New Empire Cinema 12, 34, Odeon Car Club 64 Meat 139 Mitchell, FC 50 Moving a Piano 110 54 Odeon cinemas 16 Medak, Peter 134 Mixed Doubles 170 Moving Day 106 New England Quarter 42 Odeon Hove 34, 41, 52 Medienproduktion Mobile Movies 35 Moving Picture News 209 New England Road 126 Odeon Kemp Town 33, 34, Prometheus Filmgesellschaft Model Dwellings 194 Moving Picture World 83, 84, New Kinema 12, 34, 39, 41, 40, 42, 62, 69, 198 120 Modern Life? 123, 125, 128, 85, 179 61, 159, 163, 191 Odeon King’s Road 34, 64 Medina, Patricia 119 129, 131, 135, 136 Moyne, Lord 15 New Road 196 Odeon Kingswest 14, 34, 36, Meijer, Julie 161, 169 Mohawk Minstrels/An Inci Mrs Brown Goes Home to New Scala Cinema 34, 51 44, 62-63, 119, 194, 199 Melbourne-Cooper, Arthur dent on Brighton Pier 89, Her Mother 105 New York 10 Odeon Nottingham 16 93 156, 176 Mrs Fitzherbert 180 New York Herald 173 Odeon Theatres 189, 190 Melford, Jakidawra 169 Molina, Alfred 123 Mrs Fitzherbert 148 New York Herald Tribune Odeon West Street 31, 33, 34, Melford, Mark 169 Momentum Pictures 130 Muggins, VC 154, 169 205 41, 43, 63-64, 174, 199 Melia, Joe 131 Mon Oncle 38 Mulligan, Carey 119 New York Times 164, 207 Oedipus Rex 109 Méliès, Georges 9, 65, 83, 116, Mona Lisa 114, 130, 197 Mullinger, Walter L 47, 159 Newall, Guy 171 Off Duty Pleasures 49 181 Monclare College 152 Multicolor 146 Newhart, Bob 131 Ogden, Stan 186 Mellison, JB 58 Mondo Macabro Movies 124 multiscreen cinemas 16, 41 Newman, Bernard 119 Oh That Collar Button! 98 Melnotte-Wyatt, Violet 52, Monicelli, Mario 133 Mumford, Arthur 204 news cinemas 52 Oh! What a Lovely War 57, 169, 190 Monk in the Monastery Wine Mumford, Stanley J 86, 171, newsreels 140 67, 115, 131, 154, 172, 175, Melrose Restaurant 195 Cellar, The 98 202, 204 Newton, Lord 206, 208 199, 199 Melrose, Matt and Lalla 169 Monk in the Studio, The 98 Munro, Janet 137 Nicholas, Eileen 121 Oh! What a Surprise! 103 Melville Road 178, 196 Monk’s Macaroni Feast, The Murder Mistaken 122 Nicholls David 119 Okay for Sound 149 Melville, Alan 127, 169 98 Murphy, Robert 127 Nicholson, Jack 131 Old Bailey 162 Mendelsohn, Emil 42 Monk’s Ruse for Lunch, The Murray, Barbara 123, 127 Nickelodeon Movies 119 Old Chorister, The 103 Mendelssohn, Felix, and his 98 Murray, Pete 127 Night and Day 71, 113 Old Fort Road 191, 198, 204 Hawaiian Serenaders 132 Monkey Business 173 music hall 12 Night Darkens the Streets 137 Old King Cole and Blackbird Mercia the Flower Girl 110 Monocle: Me and Joe Musical Party, van Biene 75, Night is Young, The (1935) Pie 101 Mercury Theatre 160 Chamberlain, The 81, 95 87 166 Old Lady Tries to Thread Her Merton Park Studios 116, 124 Monopolies and Mergers Musser, Charles 209 Night is Young, The (2009) Needle 98 Mesmerist, The, or Body and Commission 13 Mutoscope 30, 74, 194, 199 131 Old London Road 42 Soul 90 Montand, Yves 131 Muybridge, Eadweard 9 Night Warrior: Deadly Jade Old Maid’s Valentine, The 94, Metfilm 126 Montgomery, John 210 My Bare Lady 48 131 150 Metro Cinema 34, 48, 189 Montpelier Electric Theatres My Brighton and Hove 211 Night We Got the Bird, The Old Steine 126, 132, 135, 197 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 14, 51, 190 My Death is a Mockery 130 131, 167, 198, 199 Olivier, Laurence 43, 59, 64, 34, 38, 137, 149, 160, 166, Montpelier Street 136, 196 My Old Dutch 64 Nightingale, Michael 171 131, 138, 154, 158, 170, 171, 206 Monty Python 160 My Wife’s Dog 107 Nighy, Bill 120 172, 17, 198 Metropole Hotel 33, 42, 60, Mooney, Mark 132 Myers, Barbara 139 Nine Till Six 170 O’Loughlin, Alister 129 125, 169, 195 Moore, Decima 170, 197 Myriorama 60 Niteshades, The 119 Olympia 9 Metropolis 43 Moore, Eva 170, 197 Niven, David 15, 176, 180 Olympic Kine Trading Metropolitan Opera 35, 53 Moore, Julianne 124 N’Dour, Mickael 127 No Bathing Allowed 99, 155 Company 86, 188, 204 Metroscopix 38, 58 Moore, Kenneth 15 Nagra 115 No Hiding Place 161 On a Clear Day You Can See MGM see Metro-Goldwyn- Moore, Roger 70, 134, 176 Naples 80 No One was Saved 129 Forever 131, 195, 198 Mayer Moore, Simon 136 Naples is a Battlefield 154 Norfolk Cinema 33, 36, 40, On Brighton Beach 87 MGM Cinemas 16, 34, 47, 72 Moorhead, Simon 130 Napoléon 73 41, 47, 61, 194 On Brighton Pier 102, 155 Middle Street 143, 162, 196 Moran, Nick 119 Narizzano, Silvio 129 Norman, Jack 205 On Stony Ground 139 Middleston, Judy 209 More, Kenneth 125, 131 Nashville Teens, The 119 Norman, Leslie 134 One Good Turn 131, 197 Middleton, A L 70 Moreline, Gary 120 National Film and Television North Atlantic 139 One Heavenly Night 166 Middleton, Guy 118, 170 Morell, André 133 Archive 78, 89, 212 North End House, £100 Reward, The 107 Mid-Sussex Cinemas 190 Morey, Hal 133 National Film Theatre 38, Rottingdean 122 Onions, S C 131 Milder, Max 127 Morgan, Diana 138 174, 178 North Laine 114, 121 Open Road Films 119 Miles Byrne Organisation 190 Morgan, Frederick W 56 National House 62, 199 North Road 114, 196 Open Road, The 146, 161 Miles, Frederick George 71 Morgan, Guy 126 National Media Museum 142, North Street, Brighton 114, open-air film screenings 46, Miles’ market garden 60 Morgan, Joan 151, 170 212 196 74 Military Ride by a Lady Cyclist Morgan, Max 123 National Studios, North Street,Portslade 197 Opening Night 153 92 Morgan, Peter 137 Borehamwood 138 Norton, CGoodwin 178 Operation North Star 130 Military Sports 92 Morgan, Sidney 13, 86, 151, National Studios, Elstree 119 Nosseck, Max 137 Optimum Releasing 121 Millar, Bert 43 152, 158, 165, 171, 184 NATO 115, 198 Not So Quiet on the Western Orange Peel, The 106, 186 Millar, Harold B 67, 170, 199 Morgan, Terence 171, 200 Natural Colour Kinemato- Front 71 Orbison, Roy 59 Miller and the Sweep, The 76, Morley Street 120, 196 graph Company 12, 38, 82, Nottingham Evening Post 211 organs, cinema 46, 52, 69, 70, 88, 89, 113, 165 Morley, Robert 137 109, 145, 146, 168, 169, 178, Nottingham Odeon 16 71 Miller, Arnold L 128, 131 Morrice, Walter 73 181, 187, 192, 203 nouvelle vague 115, 116 Original Cinematograph Miller, Mandy 118, 133 Morris, Christine S 135 Natural Colour Portraiture Novello, Ivor 149 Company 143, 200 Miller, Max 62, 113, 170, 191, Morris, Ernest 134 107 Novelty Electric Theatre 36, Orion, Burgess Hill 37, 48 195, 196, 198 Morris, Lana 135 natural history 177 62, 66, 179, 193, 199 Ormonde, John 132 Milligan, Spike 132 Morris, Oswald 137 Natural Photography Studio Noy, Wilfred 172 Orphans, The 106 Millions Like Us 148, 166, 199 Morris, Wayne 125, 130 200 Nudes of the World 131 Orr, Chris 132 Mills, Eric R 52, 170, 190 Morrison, Blake 119 Nature’s Hidden Beauties— Nugent, Baron 172, 205 Orrells, Brian 123 Mills, Hayley 122 Morrison, James 51 Pond Life 107 Nurse’s Devotion, A 110 Orton, Joe 129 Mills, Jack 134 Morrison, Steve 125 Neagle, Anna 57, 63, 152, 169, Nursing the Baby 89 Osborne Villas 197 Mills, John 122, 131 Morrison, William 66 170, 171, 184, 195 Nyman, Kenneth A 38, 51, 52, Oscars see Academy Awards Mills, Stanley C 170 Morrow, Al 126 Neame, Elwin 154 172 Our Army 74 Milne, AA 152 Morrow, Geoff 124 Neame, Ronald 122, 154 Our Farmyard Friends 107 Milne, Gordon Alexander 129 Moss Enpires 59 Nearne, Jacqueline 171 O&P Cinemas (Brighton) 44, Our Floral Friends 107 Milton Keynes 16 Moss, Luke 120 Neeson, Liam 136 70, 190 Our Gem of a Cook 109 Milton, Harry 138 Moth and Rust 112, 180 Neill, Sam 136 O’Brien, Ian 132 Our Navy 74 Mine, Monnie 86, 160 Mother Goose Nursery Nelson’s Monument and O’Brien, Joseph EG 58 Our New Errand Boy 84, 104, Miner’s Daughter, The 105 Rhymes 98 Trafalgar Square on Nelson O’Connolly, Jim 134 185, 195, 196 Minerva Films 152 Mother’s Day 139 Day 89 O’Connor, Bridget 134 Outlaw of the Night. An 109 Minnelli, Vincente 131 Motion 130 neon signs 55, 71 O’Hara Gerry 118 Over the Garden Wall 96 Minstrel Boy, The 170 Motion Picture Patent Com Nesbitt, John Robinson 188 O’Hara, Gerry 118 Overlord 174 Minuet 92 pany (MPPC) 12, 13, 84 Never Fear 168 O’Neil, Paddy 132 Overmass, M 61 Miracle Films 120, 131 Motion Picture Producers and Never Let Go 56 O’Shea, Milo 129 Ovingdean 11, 207 Mirren, Helen 121 Distibutors Asso cia tion Nevill Road 196 O’Sullivan, Richard 133 Owen, Clare 134 MirrorMask 130, 195 (MPPDA) 206 New Bio Company 168 Ocean Rooms 120,196 Owens, Patricia 118, 126 Miss Ellen Terry series 89 Motion Picture World 146 New Blood Film 132 Ocean Waves in a Storm 87 Oxen Ploughing 92 Miss Norah Mayer, the Quick- Motor Bandits, The 110 New Church Road 196 Odd Shoe 139 Oxford Music Hall 125 Change Dancer 92 Moulin Rouge 154 New Coronation 12, 34, 49 Oddie, Bill 150 220 Cinema-by-Sea Index

P&R Entertainments 55 Pearson, George 151 Plebs, The 119 Professor Reddish Performs Ravensbourne Avenue 197 Pa Takes Up Physical Culture Peccadillo Pictures 135 Ploughman’s Lunch, The 53, his Celebrated Bicycle Dive Rawi, Ousama 120 84, 106 Peeps into Nature’s Realm 132, 194 from Brighton West Pier Rawlinson, Herbert 174 Pa’s Comment on the 109, 173 Plumpton Steeplechase 99 99, 199 Rawson, Alfred Cooper 46, Morning News 98 Peerless:Memories from the Pohlmann, Eric 125, 134 Professor’s Great Discovery, 56, 63, 174 Pabst, GW 175 West Pier 139 Polarised Light 109 The 107 Ray Allister’s biography 138 Packham, BC 54 Pembroke Crescent 197 Policeman and Burglar 98 Profile of Fear 132 RCAPhotophone 34, 51 Page, Bert 158 Penalty King, The 132 Policeman and Cook 87 Progress Film Company 86, Reach for the Sky 179 Page, Lisa 158 Penemunde 119, 198 Policeman, the Cook and the 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 158, Reade, Helen 129 Page, Yvonne 157-158 Penny Points to Paradise 15, Copper, The 91 159, 165, 167, 170, 171, 179, Real Sea Serpents, The 104 Palace Pier 64, 121, 122, 123, 132, 191, 194, 195, 197, 199 Polite Lunatic, The 104 187, 188, 199, 204 Reaping 106 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 132, Pentagon Pictures 138 Political and Economic Project: Assassin 132 Rebecca 113, 137 137, 153, 161, 166, 197 Penultimate Picture Palace Planning 209 Promenade 139 Reconciliation, The 107 Palace Theatre, London 145 Company 53 Polygram 124 Promenade at Brighton, The Red Cloud Film 132 Palladium Cinema 12, 14, 31, People’s Picture Palace 34, 44 Polytel 132 87 Red Letter (2008) 139 33, 34, 41, 64, 86, 156, 169, Pepper’s Ghost 38, 90 Poole’s Myriorama 60 Prouder, Mr 54 Red Letter (2011) 139 189, 193, 194 Perelman, S J 172 Pope, Dick 119, 125 Proudlock, Roger 118 Red Rooster scare 84 Pallos, Steven 130 Performing Arts 129 Popple, Simon 209,210 Providence House 194 Red Shoes, The 138 Palmeira Picture Palace 42, Perrymount Cinema, Porcelain Film 121 Provincial Cinemato graph Reddish, Professor 174, 199 194 Haywards Heath 190 Porter, Edwin S 12 Theatres (PCT) 15, 68, 69, Redemption Road 133 Palmer, Ernest 135, 138 Persey Jonny 126 Portinari, Paul 131 172, 190 Redgrave, Corin 131, 133 Palmer, Valentine 124 Persuaders, The 117, 134 Portland Road 197 Prudential House 47 Redgrave, Michael 131, 138, Pan Productions 118, 134 Pertwee. Roland 138, 173, 193 Portman, Eric 138 Pryce, Jonathan 132 176 Panatrope 61 Peschek, Julius 29 Portobello Studios 120 Pucker Up! 139 Redgrave, Vanessa 131 Pandora Gallery 10, 27, 57, Pete Walker Film Productions Portslade gasworks 119, 191 Pulborough 35 Redmond, Moira 127 66, 195 123 Portsmouth Express 89 Pull Back Camera 130 Reed, Carol 15, 137 Pantascope 34 Peter Pan 56 Portsmouth Ferry 91 Pumphrey, Adam 128, 129 Reed, Maxwell 123 Pantomime Girls Having a Peter Pan playground 132, Postcard from Brighton, A Puritan Maiden’s Upside- Reed, Michael 129 Lark 98 195 139 Down Dance, The 94 Reed, Stanley 67 Paradox 59 Petiger, Louis 199 Potter, Paul M 173 Puttnam, David 209 Reeve, Ada 58 Paramount 14, 58, 152, 170, Petley, Frank E 86, 173 Powell, Michael 15, 176 Puzzled Bather and His Reeve, Douglas 174 206 Petticoat Politics 47 Powell, William 151 Animated Clothes, The 96 Refreshments 109 Paramount Pictures 119, 131 Pfenninger, Otto 58, 144, 163, Powis Grove 120 Regan, Chris 135 Paré, Liza Katselas 133 165, 173, 194, 199, 210 Powis Road 136 QPlanes 64 Regan, Peter 123 Pareezer, Archibald Lionel 43 Phantom Ride 90 Powis Road 197 Quadrophenia 72, 113, 114, Regal Cinema 33, 43, 200 Paris 10 phantom rides 77, 177 Powis Square 126 132, 176, 194, 195, 196 Regency Society 196 Paris Cinema 31, 33, 41, 49, 190 Philips, John I 134 Practical Joke, A 91 Quarrelsome Neighbours 102 Regency Square 121, 127, 131, Park Crescent Place 197 Phillips, Arnold 137 Pratt, Roger 124, 130 Quatermass II 132 197 Park Lane Films 130 Phoenix-i Productions 134 Premier Inn 47 Quebec Street 128, 197 Regent ballroom 40 Parker, Cecil 15, 125, 172 Photograph Taken from Our Presley, Elvis 134 Queen Christina 172 Regent Cinema 14, 15, 16, 31, Parkes Productions 118 Area Window, A 95 Pressburger, Emeric 15, 176 Queen is Crowned, A 64 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 51, Parkes, Daniel 118, 139 Photographic Contortion, A Preston Barracks 56 Queen of Spades, The 154 63, 68-70, 128, 149, 152, ParkSquare 197 96 Preston Manor 151 Queen Victoria’s Diamond 153, 165, 174, 175, 189, 190, Parkyn, Leslie 129 Photographic Convention of Preston Park 122, 197 Jubilee Procession 89 197 Parry, G Rhodes 65 Great Britain 144 Preston, Sir Harry 62 Queen Victoria’s Funeral 97 Regent Dance Hall 128 Parry, Natasha 123 Photographic News 162 PrestonCircus 16, 197 Queen’s Electric Theatre 41, Regent Street Polytechnic 9 Parton, Bill 132 Photographing a Ghost 90 Prestwich Manufacturing 43,, 62, 85, 146, 187, 190, regulation 30, 36 Passenger Train 88 photomiscoscopy 179, 199 Company 82 199 Reith Fellows, Mrs L 48, 74 Passport to Fame 65 Photophone 12, 44 Price, Dennis 15, 118, 128, Queen’s Park 121, 136, 197 Relph, Simon 132 Passport to Pimlico 179 Piccadilly Pictures 123 137 Queen’s Picture Theatre 43 Remick, Lee 129 Patch, Wally 138 Picture House 61, 159, 191 Price, Vincent 70 Queen’s Road 114, 123, 197 Remorse: A tragedy in five Patcham 42, 122 Picture Playhouse 48 Pride of Nations, The 187 Quested, John 118 acts 102 Pathé Animated Gazette 51, Picturedrome, Edward Street, Priestley, JB 43 Quick Shave and Brush-Up, A Rennie, Michael 119, 137, 138 65, 86 Brighton 34, 71, 194 Prince Albert 136 94 Rennison, Louise 119 Pathé Communications 47, 72 Picturedrome, Portslade 34, Prince Leopold of Saxe- Quiet Mary Fish Momma 139 Reno, Jean 123 Pathé Frères 13, 32, 82, 84, 61, 66 Coburg 125 Quin, John 138 Renown Pictures 125 138, 141, 176 Picturedrome, Western Road Prince Monolulu 127 Quinn, James 174 Rent Collector, The 107 Pathé News 140, 171 34, 51, 152, 200 Prince Regent 125, 137, 138 Quirke, Nicholas 132 Reservist Before the War and Pathé Super News Gazette 71 Picturehouse Cinemas 53 Prince’s Cinema 12, 31, 33, 34, Quirke, Pauline 133 After the War, A 80, 100, Pathé, Charles 83, 84 Pierrot Troupe/Minstrels at 39, 34, 60, 67-69, 151, 153, Quiz Show 176 185 Pathé, Emil 84 the Sea-side 89 170, 191, 196, 199 quota, screen 13, 14, 208 Revelation Films 132 Pathéscope 86 Piery, Amanda 135 Prince’s Electric Theatre 34, Review of the British Navy Pathetone Weekly 71 Piette, Jason 133 67 Rabbits, Sheep, A Carrot for 106 Patterson, Danny 123 pig breeding 159 Prince’s Film Theatre 34, 67, the Donkey, The 106 Rex News Theatre 34, 36, 49, Patterson, Jamie 123, 135 Pig’s Family, The 139 189 race course 121 196 Patterson, Willi 124 Pike, Oliver 82, 107, 109, 173, Prince’s Imperial Picture Rackham, John 133, 135 Reynolds, Charles 127, 205 Paul, R W 10, 27, 28, 74, 75, 176 Palace and Theatre 34, 66, Radclyffe, Sarah 136 Reynolds, P V 61, 66, 163, 82, 83, 113, 149, 172, 195 ‘Pimpernel’ Smith 173 197 Radford, Basil 138 174, 195 Pavilion (Chelmsford) 53, 190 Pinewood Studios 14 Prince’s News Theatre 34, 67 Radio City Music Hall 32, 69 Rhodes, Marjorie 122, 126 Pavilion Buildings 120, 197 Ping-Pong 99 Prince’s Place 197 Radio Parade of 1935 157 Rice, Don, & his Gypsy Girls Pavilion Cinema, Peace haven Pink Coconut 59 Princess Fitz 138 Rae Bros 90 Band 57 12, 34, 39, 41, 66, 153, 198 Pink Panther, The 61, 169 Princess Hall 44 Rae, Stephen 124 Rice, Joan 131 Pavilion Cinema, Portslade Pink String and Sealing Wax Prior, Andy 129 Ragazza con la Pistola, La 133 Richard III (1995) 115, 133, 198 12, 34, 41, 39, 61, 66, 163, 138 Prisoner, The 167, 171, 183 Raised from the Ranks 107 Richard III (2005) 114, 133, 174, 197 Pioneer Film Agency 188 Private Eye 64 Raker. Hugh 130 193, 200 Pavilion Gardens 196 Plaisir, Le 46, 52 Private Life of Henry VIII, Raleigh, H M 138 Richard, Cliff 55 Pavilion Street 135, 197 Planet of the Apes 139, 160 The 70, 165 Randegger, Alberto 164 Richards, Julian D 56, 174, Pavilion Wine and Music Plastigram 38, 46 Problems of an Actor 153 Randell, Ron 126 189 Rooms 125 Plato’s Breaking Point 132 Procession of Sunday School Randle, Frank 113, 150 Richards, Mary 136 Payne, Cynthia 136 Playground Express 139 Children 92 Ranieri, William 139 Richards, Randolph E 56, 174 Peace Statue 130, 195 Playhouse Cinema 34, 48 Prochnow, Jürgen 123 Ranjitsinhji, Prince 91 Richardson, Miranda 136 Peace, David 137 Playhouse Repertory Theatre Prodigal Son, or Ruined at the Rank Organisation 16, 34, 43, Richardson, Ralph 43, 64, Peacock, Kali 124 48, 199 Races, The 104 62, 69, 122, 125, 127, 136 131, 175, 179 Peacock, Kerry 124 Plaza 61, 191 Production Code Admini- Rattigan, Terence 121. 174, Richmond, Robin 58 Peall, Ernest William Pashley Pleasance, Donald 120 stration 121, 134, 137 196 Rieley, Chris 135 172 Pleasure Palace 59 Professor Lust 56 rave 53 Rigg, Fred 187 Cinema-by-Sea 221 Index

Riley, Hugh 47 Royal Institution 141, 144 Sargent, Thomas Henry 170 Seresin, Ben 123 Singing Fool, The 73 Riley, Sam 121 Royal Mail 61 satellite television 16 Sergeant Bilko 16 Singleton, Arthur 61 Ring-a-ring of Roses 89 Royal Newburgh Assembly Saunders, George 125 Serkis, Andy 121 Sinnett, Claudine 129 Riseborough, Andrea 121 Rooms 125 Sausages 104 Seven Dials 126 Sir Roger de Coverley 92 Ritz Cinema 34, 40, 61, 190, Royal Pavilion 114, 115, 198 Savage, Glenn 134 Sewell, Rufus 123 Sisling, Bunny 61 194 Royal Pavilion 121, 124, 125, Saved by a Dream 108 Sewell, Vernon 119, 126 Six Grand Slam 139 Ritz, Seaford 70 127, 131, 133, 137 Saville, Philip 125 Sewell, Vernon 119, 126, 133, Sixty Glorious Years 152, 171 Rival Barbers 84, 104 Royal Photographic Society Saville, Victor 159 138 Sixty Six 134 Rival Clothiers, The 102, 143 185 Savoy Cinema-Theatre/ABC Sewn 139 Skin Game 128 Rival Cyclists, The 107 Royal Shakespeare Company 14, 31, 33, 34, 38, 39,40, 41, Sexy Couriers 49 Skint 124 Riverside, Shoreham 198 176 64, 71-72, 121, 132, 175, Seyler, Athene 125 Skylark Productions 123 Rivron, Rowland 133 Royal Society of Arts 145, 178 177, 189 Seymour Street 199 Skywalker, Anakin 176 Rix, Brian 131 Royal Sussex County Hospital Savoy/ABC Cinema 121, 132 Seyrig, Delphine 120 Slash Wildly and the Cut- RKO 64, 113, 137, 161 71, 177, 184 Sayer, Hilda 86 Shadow of Fear 134, 191, 194, throats 119 RLT Productions 135 Royal Sussex Regiment 47, Scala Cinema, Brighton 14, 195, 198 Sleep 139 Road Movies 130 189 33, 51, 152, 200 Shah, Pooja 135 Sleep Long My Love 127 Road to London, The 170 Royal Tierney Picture Theatre Scala Cinema, Burgess Hill Shakespeare, William 133 Sleeping Lovers, The 93 Robark 132 34, 51, 71, 175, 193 61, 174 Sham Sword Swallower, The Slice Films 120 Robe, The 64 RTL Productions 172, 205 Scala Kinemacolor 190 105 Slindon 35 Robert Gordon Cinemas 44, Rudd, Tom 126 Scala Theatre, London 38, 145 Shannon, Del 55 Sloper, Ally 11, 90, 91, 92 70, 190 Ruddin, Anah 132 Scandal Over the Teacups 94, Sharp, Burt 58 Sloper’s Visit to Brighton 92 Roberts, EC 51 Rudge, Arthur Roebuck 161 150 Sharp, Don 129 Smart, CVM 36, 74 Robey, George 64, 175, 191, Ruffle’s Imperial Bioscope 64 Scarborough, Victoria 119 Sharrock, Ken 133 Smiley, Michael 124 196 Runaway Knock, The 91 Scared Stiff 66 Shaughnessy, Alfred 125 Smith, Alfred 65 Robey, Rachel 129 Russell Square 114, 121, 199 Scarfield, Ross 123 Shaw, Sebastian 176 Smith, C Aubrey 152, 170, Robinson, Cardew 123 Russell, Jane 64 Scarlet Wooing, The 111 She Don’t Look Back 139 177, 191, 199 Robinson, Dean 130 Rutherford, Margaraet 15, 129 Scene on the West Pier 89, She Would Be a Suffragette Smith, Clea 135 Robinson, John 126 Rutherford, T Easton 47 199 107 Smith, Dorothea 142 Robinson Crusoe 98 Rutland Court 196 Scenes on the Beach at Shearn, Antony 130 Smith, Ernest 71, 177 Robot 139 Ryan, Maureen A 121 Brighton 97 Sheckman, Sol 55, 189 Smith, F Percy 110, 177 Robson, Flora 67, 137, 175, Schall, David 124 Sheen, Michael 137 Smith, George Albert 10, 11, 196, 200 Saarländischer Rundfunk 171 Schermerhorn, John R 144 Sheep Washing 92 12, 30, 38, 43, 52, 65, 75-78, Roc, Patricia 138 Sabotage 151 Schlom, Herman 137 Sheepcote Valley 131, 198 80-82, 88-110, 116, 125, 141, Rock Around the Clock 37 Sacco, Loretta 46 Schnekenbühl, Oliver 132 Sheffield, George 52, 61, 159 150, 152, 155, 156, 157, 159, Rockett, Edwin Houghton 71, Sadler, Alfred J 71, 175 Schofield, Johnnie 134 Shepherd, Melanie 124 163, 164, 165, 167, 169, 174, 175 Sadoul, Georges 10, 116, 125, Schofield, Johnny 134, 156, Shepherd, Ross 126 176, 177-178, 180, 187, 191, Roddam, Franc 132 175, 209 176 Sheppard, Jack 57 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, Roddick, John 124 Sailing and Car 89 School for Danger 171 Sheppard, W B 192, 202 201, 210 Rodgers, RA 146 Sailing and Motor Boat Scenes Schweik’s New Adventure 118 Sheridan, Dinah 125 Smith, Harold 142, 178 Roffe, Melloney 132 at Southwick 106 Science Museum 142 Sherman Anti-Trust Act 84 Smith, Imogen 120 Rogers, George 83 Sailing Boat 89 Scientific American 162 Sherry’s Dance Hall 33, 59 Smith, Maggie 131, 133 Rogers, Ginger 137 Sailing Boats 92 Scimitar Films 123 Shiel, Steven 135 Smith, Murray 123 Rogers, Peter 122 Sailing Yachts at Hastings 89 Scofield, Paul 176 Shilling, Donna 135 Smithard, Ben 137 Rogue’s Yarn 133, 169 Sainsbury’s 55, 56, 200 Scorsese, Martin 136 Shiner, Ronald 131 Smokescreen 134, 194, 197, 205 Rogues of the Turf 112, 164 St Ann’s Well Gardens 30, 81, Scots Guards 63 Ship from Shanghai, The 58 SMSuper Cinemas 44 Roldvale 123 82, 141, 152, 157, 177, 193, Scott Thomas, Kristin 126, 131 Ship Street Gardens 198 Snapshotting an Audience 94 roller skating 31, 59 198, 198, 201-202 Scott, Ann 132 Shirley Drive 168s Snowball Express 64 Roller, D J 136 St Aubyn’s 199 Scott, Giles Gilbert 42 Shoreham Airport 119, 120, Snowden, Philip 207 Rollins, Jack 122 St Bartholomew’s Church 126, Scott, Richard 120 123, 130, 133, 198 Snowman, The 139 Romain, Yvonne 134 191 Scouts to the Rescue 109, 180 Shoreham Beach 119 Società Italiana Cines 84, 85 Roman Crescent 142, 178, St George’s Road 199 Scrambling Urchins 87 Shoreham Beach studio 13, Society for Psychical Research 198, 201 St Helen’s churchyard 194 Scratch as Scratch Can 109 46, 86, 187, 198, 204 177 Romegially, Rinaldo Walter St James’s Kinema 52 Screen Archive South East Shoreham harbour 125,134 Soldier’s Pet, The 106 Reynolds 205 St James’s Street 120, 199 (SASE) 212 Shoreham power station 119, Soldier’s Return, The 80, 83, Röntgen, Wilhelm 27 St John, Betta 118 Screen Gems 164 134, 198 100, 193 Room at the Top 154 St Kilda, Its People and Birds Screen Publicists Guild 164 Shotter, Constance 138 Solution by Phone 134, 176 Rope 164 107, 173 Scriven, Eddie 44, 54, 86, 109, Should Parents Tell? 37, 55 Some Fun 110 Ropetackle Arts Centre St Leonard’s Church 177 176 Showman’s Dream,The 110 Somerhill Road 198 Rosary, The 149 St Mark’s Street 125, 199 Scriven, Elizabeth 54 Si Litvinoff Film Production Somerville, J Baxter 50, 179 Rose, Albert 58 St Mary’s Convent 134, 195 Scriven, Harry 44, 54, 57, 71, 118 Something Wicked This Way Rose, Jack 118 St Nicholas Parish Rooms and 176 Sick Kitten, The 101 Comes 154 Rose, Matthew 127 Sunday School 205 Scudamore, Margaret 176 Siegel, Don 120 Sonego, Rodolpho 133 Rose, William 125 St Nicholas Road 199 Sea Serpent pub 154, 194 Siegel, Rick 121 Sony Vegas Pro 115 Rosenthal, Joe 175 St Paul’s Church 63 Seaford 134 Sign Writer, The 89, 177 Sopocy, Martin 12, 177, 210 Rosetta Stone 141 Salaire de la Peur, La 38 Seager, Chris 119 Silencer, The 134 Sorry, Can’t Stop 109 Rosier Films 53 Sallis Benney Theatre Sea-going Car, The 95 Silent Whistle, A 139 Sound of Music, The 33, 43, Ross, Christopher 129 Salvage, Glenn 129 Seagrove, Jenny 124 Silent Witness, The 52 69, 73 Rothafel, Samuel 32, 69 Salvation Army 54, 71, 193 Sealife centre 119, 126, 135 Silver Screen Silent Voices sound, introduction of 14 Rothbury Cinema 1, 34, 37, Sambo 100, 156 Sealife Centre 44, 195 212 sound-on-disc 14, 45, 53, 61 40, 41, 62, 70, 128, 190, 193 Sampson, Catherine 135 Sealight Film Company 86, Silwood Street 198 Sous le Ciel de Paris 57 Rothbury Cinema 119, 128 Samson, Ivan 175 179, 187, 204 Sim, Alistair 15, 125, 128, South Coast Road 198 Rothwell, Alan 129 Samuel Goldwyn Films 130 Searchlight Films 128, 131 138, 208 South Pacific 46 Rothwell, Jerry 121, 126 Samuelson, GB 151, 170 Searle, Francis 125 Sim, Sheila 67 South Road, Preston 198 Rothwell, Talbot 122 San Giacomo, Laura 136 Secombe, Harry 132 Simkins, David 211 South-Eastern Banking Rottingdean 137 San Quentin 49 Second World War 15, 34, 113 Simon the Cellarer 88 Company 46 Rottingdean 88, 113 Sanchez, Sofia 118 Secret Agent 151 Simons, Theo 53 Southern Counties Theatres 55 Rottingdean Electric Railway Sanders & Crowhurst 156, Secret, The 133, 160, 195, 199, Simpson, Alan 129 Southern FM 193 88 173, 188, 200 205 Sims, Joan 122, 136 Southern Publishing Company Rough Sea 87 Sanders, Henry 108, 176, 188, Selbourne Road 177, 198 Sinclair, J A 200 66 Roundhay Garden Scene 9 200 Selfridge, Gordon 206 Sinden, Donald 129 SouthernEnterprises 58 Roxy, New York 32 Sanders, J & C 66 Selig 84, 85, 185, 188 Sing-Along-a Rocky Horror 73 Southview Road 198 Royal Albion Hotel 130 Sandford, Christopher 123 Selinger, Dennis 176 Sing-Along-a Sound of Music Southwick 141 Royal Court Theatre 167, 176 Sandrich, Mark 137 Sellers, Peter 132 73 Spaceman and King Arthur, Royal Courts of Justice 146 Sandwiches, The 93 Sellers, Peter 15 Singer not the Song, The 61 The 74 Royal Crescent 198 Sansum, Ben 136 Sensurround sound 46 Singer, Campbell 126 Spall, Timothy 137 Royal Flying Corps 161 Santa Claus 76, 91, 177 Serafinowicz, Peter 134 Singer-Lee, Aaron 127 Speer, Fannie 190 222 Cinema-by-Sea Index

Speer, Hugo 129 Strip Poker 120 Tate, Catherine 134 Ticehurst Institute 35 Tunberg, Karl 137 Speer, W Harold 43, 62, 66, Strong, Tony 127 Tatler 43 Tickner, Clive 132 Tunley, Gareth 124 85, 86, 110, 146, 173, 179, Struck. 107 Tautou, Audrey 123 Tidy Street 199 Turin shroud 52 187, 192, 194, 199, 200 Stück vom Himmel, Ein 139 Taylor, Donald 135 Tiernan, Andrew 133 Turner, Edward 141, 144, 157, Spence, Basil 57 Student and the House maid, Taylor, Elizabeth 137 Tierney Arms 71 178, 180 Spice Factory 133 The 103 Taylor, J E 44 Tightrope Pictures 120 Turner, Florence 180, 184 Spiders on a Web 94 Studio Canal 134, 136 Taylor, Larry 135 Tigon 125 Turpin, Gerry 131 Spirograph 181 studios 178, 201 Taylor, Neville 57 Tigon Film Distributors 123 Tussaud, Louis, Waxworks 194 Spitta, Edmund J 82, 107, 109, Study in Skarlit, A 110 Taylor, Shane 121 Tilley of Bloomsbury 152 Twentieth Century-Fox 118, 179, 195, 199 Study in Waves and Spray 89 Taylor, Taylor & Hobson 168 Tilley, Vesta 158 138 Sporting Chance 134, 199 Sturridge, Charles 126 Tearing 93 Tilley’s horse bus stables 44, Twin Track Films 132 Spring Cleaning 102 Sudeley Place 48, 199 Teasing Grandpa 97 195 Two Brave Little Japs 104 Spring, Frank 86, 171, 179, 187 Sudeley Place Picture House Technicolor 146 Tillotson, Johnny 55 Two Cities Films 124, 131 Spruell, Sam 129 34, 48 teddy boys 37 Times, The 211 Two Clowns 105 Squaring the Account 109 Sulkin, Gregg 134 Tee, A H 142, 180, 190, 198, Tincture of Iron 110 Two Grinning Yokels 94 SSBrighton 62, 63, 199 Sullivan Tim 126 202 Tipsy-Topsy-Turvy (Reversal) Two Jolly Old Fellows 94 Stadelmann, Mr 61, 159 Summer Rain 135, 195 Teenage Lovers 56 89, 177 Two Little Waifs, The 105 Stage Door 138 Summer Rain Films 135 Teenland 135 Tisdall, Chris 135 Two Little Wooden Shoes Stage Year Book, The 210 Sun, The Place and the Girl, Telekinema 38, 52 Titanic 41 111, 152, 156 Stagescreen 126 The 131 Telephone Romance, A 96 Tivoli Cinema 12, 33, 34, 39, Two Naughty Boys 77, 109 Stainton, Philip 179 Sunday Entertainments Act Tele-Theatre 57 40, 51, 73-74, 152, 153, 155, Two Naughty Boys Sprink ling Standard Life Investments 63 1932 36 television 15, 35 159, 164, 165, 190, 192, 198, the ‘Spoons’ 92 Stanley, Lorraine 129 Sunday Night at the London television, large screen 70, 72 200 Two Naughty Boys Teasing Stanmer House 115, 123, 130, Palladium 180 Telscombe 134 Tivoli Enterprises (Hove) 190 the Cobbler 92 198 Sunday opening 35 Telscombe Cliffs 199, 199 To Brighton with Gladys 138 Two Naughty Boys Up setting Stanmer Park 131 Sunny South Film Com pany Temperance Seven 167 To Kill a Kieran 139 the ‘Spoons’ 92 Stannard, Eliot 138 46, 86, 156, 158, 163, 175, Temple Street 119, 199 To Let 139 Two Old Sports at the Music Stanton, Lloyd 133 187, 204 Temple-Smith, John 126 To the Public Danger 164 Hall, The 98 Star Crash 56 Sunshine After Storm 107 Ten Commandments, The 33, Todd, Richard 177 Two Old Sports, The 77, 94 Star Electric Picture Palace 34, Super Cinerama 60, 194 43 Tom Jones 153 Two Old Sports’ Game of 72-73, 192 super-cinemas 14 Ten Dead Men 123 Tomelty, Joseph 136 Nap, The 94 Star is Born, A 46 SuperScope 64 Ten Dead Men 135, 196 Tomlinson, Lionel 135 Two Old Sports’ Political Star Wars 41 Supreme Court 84 10,000 Cigarettes 136 Tomlinson, Lionel 180, 194, Discussion, The 94 Star Wars: Episode VI— Suspected 139 Tenacity 139 205 2001: ASpace Odyssey 46 Return of the Jedi 176 Sussex Advertiser 211 Tennyson, Charles 206 Tommy and the Mouse in the Tyrell, Florence 47 Stars and the Stones, The 139 Sussex Constabulary 137 Terra Firma Capital Partners Art School 98 Tyson, Cathy 130 State Department, US 208 Sussex County Cricket 63 Tommy Atkins and his Harriet Tyson, Cllr Charles 71 Station Street 198 Ground 193 Terrell, Thomas 210 on a Bank Holiday 98 Steel Mill Pictures 129 Sussex County Cricketers 91 Terrors of the Deep 107 Tomorrow 136 UGC Cinemas 47 Stella Artois 46 Sussex Daily News 27, 165, 211 Terry, Ellen 89, 125, 170 Tomorrow at Midnight 50 U-I/Quota Rentals 122 Stellman, Martin 132 Sussex King’s Militia 157 Thamar, Tilda 130 Tomorrow will be Friday 88, 97 UKFilm Council 16, 47, 53 stencilling, colour 141 Sussex Ox Wagon, A 92 That Awful Cigar 98 Tongdean Avenue 170, 199 Ulff-Møller, Jens 209 Stephens, Robert 125 Sussex Photo History 211 That Terrible Fly 107 Too Much of a Good Thing Ulysses 37, 48 Stephenson, Juliet 119 Sussex Picturedrome Com Theatre of Souls 139 98 Uncle Algy Proves a Good stereophony 56, 64 pany 42, 46, 52, 53, 66, 152, Theatre Royal 10, 30, 34, 50, Top Hat and Tails 55 Detective 107 Stereoscopograph 38, 44 153, 190, 199 73, 75, 165, 179, 196 Top of the Pops 113 Uncle’s Picnic 107 stereoscopy 31, 38, 44, 47, 52, Sussex Square 163, 199 Theatrographe 10, 29, 73, 172 Top Rank 16, 48, 60, 62 Under Suspicion 136 53, 55, 58, 71 Sussex Telegraph 211 They Do Such Things at Topical Budget 140 Undercliff Walk 136 Stereo-Techniques 38, 52, 172 Sussex Terrace 119 Brighton 93 Topsy-Turvy Dance by Three Underdown, Edward 123 Sterke, Jeanette 124 Sussex Theatres Company 47 They Forgot the Game keeper Quaker Maidens 94 Underwater! 64 Steward, AR 54 Suter, ER 46 103 Totino, Salvatore 123 Underwood, Thomas 43 Steward, Ernest 122, 129 Suter’s Yard 46 They Saved London 119 Toulmin, Vanessa 209, 210 Uneasy Terms 138 Stewed 135 Sutherland, Frank 180 Things to Come 165, 168 tourism 16 Ungallant Lover, The 91 Steyning 35 Suzman, Janet 120 Third Avenue 132, 199 Tower of London 11, 107 Unicorn Inn 68 Steyning Union Children’s Swan Downer Charity School 39 Steps, The 151 Tower Point 58, 196 Union Générale Cinéma to Home 72 193 This is not England, This Trace 139 graphique (UGC) 47 Stiletto 139 Swan Downer School 123 Brighton 139 Tracking the Baby 110 Union Internationale des Still Picture Productions 173 Swans 106 This One’s For RnR 123 Trade Facilities Act 207 Architectes 64 Still Worthy of the Name 107 Sweet and Twenty 111 This Was a Woman 170 Trafalgar Day 89 United Artists 14, 133, 135 Sting 132 Swift, James 57 This Week of Grace 160 Trafford, Jeremy 119 United British Cinemas Stock, Nigel 121 Swimming in Circles 135 Thomas, Andrew 119 Train Arriving at Dyke Station (London) 47, 61, 190 Stolen Heirlooms 167 Swinburne, Nora 137 Thomas, Basil 131 75, 87 United International Pictures Stomp 46, 136 Swinburne, Nora 159, 171, Thomas, D B 210 Train Entering Hove Station (UIP) 120, 123 Stomp Live 136 180 Thomas, Gerald 122 88 Universal Studios 14, 85, 120, Stone, Edward A 46 Swing Time 56 Thomas, James train, Dylan 135 134, 137 Stone, Sid 118 Swiss Gardens, Shoreham 169 Thomas, Ralph 129 Tramp’s Revenge, The 103 Universal Entertainments 58 Stone, Terry 135 Switchback Railway 92 Thomas-Rogers Productions Travelodge 64, 199 University of Brighton 212 Stop Thief! 11, 97, 185 Sword Dance 92 122 Travers, Alfred 118, 134 University of Sussex 57, 130, Storm at Hastings Pier 89 Sydney Box Productions 137 Thompson, E J J 60 Travers, Linden 137, 138 199, 212 Stormare, Peter 123 Syntok 34, 54 Thompson, J W 57 Treacher, Arthur 180 Unsworth, Geoffrey 127 Stormont, Leo 109 Thompson, Kristin 12, 177, Tree, Herbert Beerbohm 28 Unusual Journey 139 Storrington 35 Tabori, George 136 209 Trent, WE 42, 43 Unwelcome Chaperone, The Story of an Egg 107 Tabori, Paul 118 Thompson, Sylvanus 146 Trigon Films 118 109 Stowaway, The 103, 169 Tainted Heart, The 139 Thompson, Walter Watson 50 Trilby 28, 173 Upper Beeding 127 Stradling, Harry 131 Take a Powder 135, 180. 186, Thomson, John 133 Trinder, Tommy 180 Upper North Street 126 Stranger than Fiction 167 191, 205 Thorburn, June 122 Trip in ‘Brighton Queen’ 92 Upton, Judy 119 Strasberg, Ivan 136 Talbot, Frederick A 209 Thorndike, Sybil 180 Trip to Southend and Urban Practitioners 63 Straughan, Peter 134 Talbot, Kenneth 118 Thorp, Molly 118 Blackpool, A 102 Urban, Charles 13, 38, 80, 81, Strausfeld, Peter 179 Tambourine Dancing Quartet Thorpe, A& W 44 Troxy Cinema 33, 49, 196 82, 125, 141, 142, 144, 145, Straw Man, The 135, 195, 197 98 Those Troublesome Boys 100 Tuchner, Michael 136 149, 151, 157, 159, 160, 161, Street Scene 87 Tan Lines 135 Three Coins in the Fountain Tucker, Anand 119 163, 170, 175, 178, 179, 181- Street, George 138 Tartans of the Scottish Clans 55 Tudor Close Hotel 118, 193 182, 187, 188, 192, 193, 201, Street, Sarah 209 105 3D see stereoscopy Tufano, Brian 120, 132 203 Streisand, Barbra 131 Tate Britain 173 Three Kings 119 Tug o’ War 93 Urban-Eclipse 13, 83 Strick, Joseph 37, 48 Tate Bros 188 Three Novel Railways 95 Tulley, Grant 126 Urbanora House 178 Stringer & Dinnick 152 Tate Modern 166 Three on a Weekend 137 Tully, Montgomery 138 US Congress 208 Cinema-by-Sea 223 Index

US Production Code Walker, Syd 183 West Street 136 Williamson, Florence 77, 95, Woodstock 52 Administration 138 Walking Greasy Pole 89 West Street Brighton 87 184 Woodvale Cemetery 129 Ustinov, Peter 137 Walking Shadows 139 Western Club snooker hall 51 Williamson, James 10, 11, 12, Wooland, Norman 130 Wallace, Nellie 99, 183 Western Electric (Westrex) 13, 23, 29, 33, 60, 74, 76-85, Woolf, Virginia 184 Valentine, Anthony 118, 126 Walls, Tom 55, 62 14, 34, 45, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 89-109, 113, 116, 125, 141, Woolley, Stephen 119, 124, Valentine, Val 128, 170, 182, Walsh, Dermot 126, 135 61, 71 149, 154, 155, 156, 157, 164, 130 208 Walsh, Kay 122 Western Road, Brighton 126, 166, 169, 176, 179, 184-186, Workers Leaving Brighton Valentino, Rudolf 69, 152 Walt Disney Company 164 143, 146, 199 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, Railway Works 76, 89, 198 Vallée, Jean-Marc 136 Walter, Harriet 136 Western Road, Hove 113, 200 199, 200, 202 Working Title 120, 134, 136 Vallence Gardens 79, 199 Walton, Fred 183 Western Terrace 200 Williamson, Lilian 186 Workman, Harold 188 van Biene, Auguste 30, 59, 75, Walturdaw 74, 150 WesternEsplanade 167, 199 Williamson, Stuart 102, 186, Workman’s Paradise, A 100 125, 182 Wanamaker, Sam 133 WestLB 63 188 Workman’s Paradise, The 102 Van Koert, James 44, 182, 191 Wanger, Walter 32, 69, 183 Westward Ho the Wagons! 56 Williamson, Tom 102, 106, World Wide Pictures 156 Vance Leigh 120 Wanted: A Husband 110 Wetherell, Virginia 120 186, 188 World, the Flesh and the Devil vandalism 52 Ward, Melvyn S 46 Whaley, Eddie 184 Williamson & Co 188 The 168 Vandyke Picture Corporation Ward, Nelson E 129 Whaley, Samantha 127 Williamson Film Printing Worthing, Ernest 118 118, 173 Wardour Street, London 178 What’s My Line? 150, 169 Company 188 Worthing Kursaal 169 Varasova 139 Warner Bros 14, 34, 47, 54, 159 Wheatcroft, Adelaide 62 Williamson Kinemato graph Worton Hall Studios 146 Variety Theatres Controlling Warner Bros/First National Wheatley, Alan 121 Company 85, 185, 187, 192 Wrench, Alfred 157 Company 158 127 Wheatley, Ben 124 Williamson’s Animated News Wright’s New Oxford Music Varndean College 120 Warner, Fred 46 Where Danger Lies 70 185 Hall 49 Varndean School 176 Warner, Jack 127 Where Did You Get It? 94 Williamson’s Popular Enter- Wrong Arm of the Law, The Vaughan, Kathleen 182 Warren Hill Limestone Quarry Where There’s a Will There’s tainments 60 152 Vaughan, Peter 134 127 a Way 105 Willis, Leon 135 Wrong Chimney, The 102 Vedey, Julien 135 Warren Road 129 Whisky versus Bullets 95 Willis, Ted 137 Wrong Poison, The 102 Vee, Bobby 55 Warrington, Mr Justice 146 White Rock Place, Southwick Wilson, Ian 136 Wurlitzer Hope-James Unit Venice Film Festival 154 Warriors, The 44 126, 200 Wilson, James 124 Orchestra organ 60 Ventnor Villas 199 Warsaw Concerto 149 White Rock Road 200 Wilson’s Theatre 66 Wuthering Heights 172 Verity & Beverley 42, 55 Warwick Trading Company White, Carol 129 Wimbledon 136, 192, 194, Wyatt, Frank 169 Verity, Frank T 168 51, 82, 83, 141, 151, 160, White, Finlay 123 195, 196 Wykeham Terrace 175, 200 Verne, Jules 151 176, 18, 187, 188, 201 White, James H 144 Wimpy Bar 72 Wyler, William 172 Vernon Layton 136 Was She Justified? 112, 154 White, Morgan 121 Winchelsea 89 Wyndham, Simon 134 Vernon Sewell Productions Washbourne, Mona 122 Whitehall Livery Stables 64 Windmill, Paul 121 Wyndham Street 200 126 Washing the Sweep 92, 169 Whitehawk 42, 133, 200, 207 Window the the Sky, A 72 Wynne, Derrick 135, 186, 205 Versois, Odile 136 Water Cycle at Sea, The 90 Whitehawk Hill Road 121 WindowSlaws Productions Wynne, Herbert 205 Vesuvius 80 Waterfront Café 195 Whitehouse, Mary 37 127, 136 Victor Silvester Dance Studios Waterhouse, Alfred 60 Whitewashing the Ceiling Windsor, Barbara 122 X certificates 48, 55 69 Waterhouse, Rita 138 110, 158, 175 Wingett, Mark 132 Xmas Greeting Film 86, 110 Victoria Gardens 121, 127 Waters, Martin 73, 183 Whitfield, June 122 Winn, Matt 127 X-rays 27, 162 Victoria Hall 10, 66, 74, 75, Watkin, David 183 Whither Germany? 47 Winner, Michael 123 X-Rays, The 76, 89, 177 149, 172, 195 Watson & Son 82 Whiting, Edward G 118, 205 Winning the Gloves 92 Victoria Street 169 Watson, James Clark 73 Whitrow, Benjamin 121 Winsor & Newton 57 Yachting 89 Victoria the Great 171 Watson, Neil 209 Who Is the Man? 153 Winter, Nicholas 121 Yamasaki , Itsuka 118 Victoria, Queen 52 Watson-Wood, Peter 119 Who, The 132 Wintle, Julian 123, 129 Yankee at the Court of King Victorian Lady in her Boudoir Watts, Charlie 135 Who’s Cuckoo 112 Winton, William Edward 72, Arthur, A 69 75, 88, 155 Waugh, Evelyn 126 Who’s Who in the Theatre 186 Yes/No Productions 136 Victory Theatres 53, 158 Waugh, Hillary 127 210 Winton’s Hall 34, 72-73 York, Susannah 131, 197 videocassettes 16 Wave Pictures 130 Who’s Who of Victorian wireless telephony 179 You’re Gonna Wake Up One View of the Brighton Seafront Waves and Spray 76, 89, 91 Cinema 210, 211 Wisdom, Norman 131 Morning 139 106 Waxman, Harry 121, 137 Why the Wedding Was Put Wish You Were Here 136, Youens, Bernard 186 Village Choir, The 94 Way, Tony 124 Off 106 197 Young and Innocent 151 Village Fire Brigade, The 106 Wayland Avenue 168 Wibrough, George V 107 Withers, Googie 128, 138 Young Lovers, The 136, 197 Villain 136, 199 Wayne, Naunton 138 Wick Hall 134, 194 Witty, John 118, 134 Young Scarface (Brighton Vincent, Gene 55 Weary Willie 89, 155 Wicked Bounder, A 105 Wlodek, Eryk 119 Rock) 121 Violet Melnotte Picture weather, English 31 Wicked Die Slow, The 56 Wolff, Philipp 178 Young Victoria, The 136 Theatres 52, 169, 190 Webling, Alfred Henry 188 Wicked Woman 71 Wolstenholme, W 205 Young, Anthony 130, 132, 205 Virgin Cinemas 31, 34, 42, 47, Webster, Paul 121 Wig in a Box Productions 120 Wolters, NEB 210 Young, Collier 168 72 Webster, Peter 196 Wiggins & Welsh 50, 190 Woman Draped in Patter ned Young, Sarah Louise 120 Visit to Aldershot, A 106 Wedding Ceremony in a Wignall, Peter 135 Handkerchiefs 106 Young, Thomas 141 Visit to the Seaside, A 106, Church 94 Wilbury Villas 12, 80, 185, Woman of the Iron Bracelets, 178 Weiland, Paul 134 198, 200 The 111, 158 Zap Club 135, 195 Vitagraph 82, 83, 178 Weingott, HH 63 Wilby, James 126 Wonderland 125 Zenith 36 Vitale, Milly 119 Weinstein Company, The 122 Wilcox, Herbert 156, 166, Wood, Charlie 123 Zephyrs, The 119 Vitagraph Girl 180 Weissler, Jonathan 132 171, 184, 195 Wood, Edward D 174 Zimbalist, Sam 137 Vitaphone 14, 54 Welles, Orson 160 Wilkinson, J Brooke 175 Wood, Joan Wentworth 170 Zsigmond, Vilmos 122 Vitascope 27, 29, 181 Wellington Films 129 Wilkinson, Simon 211 Wood, John 133 Zulu 160, 163 Vitascope Filmed Wenham, Andy 131 Wilkinson, Tom 122 Woodfall FIlm Productions Entertainment 135 West, Alfred J 74 Will Day Kinutilities 158, 175 167 Vitti, Monica 133 West, Anita 134 Willard, Edmund 184 Woodman, Tom 120 The end title from The Vivaphone 54 West, Con 118, 205 William Street 200 Woodruff, Anthony 186 Gelignite Gang (1954) Vogue Bingo and Social Club West, Lockwood 183 Williams, Brock 127 at the Ace 56 West, Walter 86, 154, 166, Williams, Cedric 125 Vogue Cinema 41, 56, 196 180, 184, 181, 204 Williams, Harcourt 121 Volk, Magnus 88, 95, 113 West Beach 199 Williams, Hugh 137 Volk’s Electric Railway 95 West Orange, NJ 10 Williams, Jim 124 Volks Railway 95, 195 West Pier 44, 60, 74, 114, 115, Williams, Johnny 135 Volunteers 92 118, 120, 122, 123, 125, 129, Williams, Kenneth 122 131, 134, 135, 136, 156, 158, Williams, Lia 123 Wages of Fear, The 38 195, 198, 199 Williams, Michelle 130 Wait Till Jack Comes Home West Pier (2010) 139 Williams, Paul Andrew 129 102 West Pier (2012) 139 Williams, Ralph Vaughan 184 Waitrose 52 West Pier (animation) 139 Williamson, Alan 77, 85, 97, Walker, HS 48 West Pier Trust 211 146, 154, 184 Walker, Pete 120, 123, 125, West Street, Brighton 79, 144, Williamson, Colin 77, 97, 184 183 156, 199 Williamson, Dressler & Co Walker, Rob 123 West Street, Shoreham 199 85, 185, 188 224 Cinema-by-Sea