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William Henry Jackson AN INVENTORY OF RECORDS PERTAINING TO WILLIAM HENRY JACKSON -. ·-7 r ¥"" ( . .. -. ·. J • .... : ~ .# • - -=~ • lo. - . ,..· . · ·~ . :... .~ )tJ I Collection Number ~ a holding of the Library of the Colorado Historical Society Denver, Colorado 80203 processed by Lloyd W. Gundy CONTENTS Introduction 01 - 02 Chronology 03- 06 Inventory 07- 33 INTRODUCTION William Henry Jackson, early photographer, painter, adventurer ( 1843-1942) Collection number 341, The William Henry Jackson papers, of the Colorado Historical Society was initiated in 1961 with a contribution of materials to the Society by Clarence S. Jackson. In 1968, Mallory Jill Manning produced a detailed calendar of the contents in this collection in size about 1 1I 4 linear feet in total. From that time the collection has accrued much additional, and significant, manuscriptal material, whereas contents primarily photographic and pictorial have been removed from this collection and transferred to the photographic archives of the Society (the material itemized on pages 24-29 of the Manning calendar). By the same token a quantity of papers and pamphlets relating to the Detroit Publishing Company, not William Henry Jackson per se, were also transferred to the photographic department. That portion of the Manning calendar encompassing file folders 1 through 21 is incorporated in the present finding aid and describes the contents of box 1 . The placement over time of materials in this collection conveniently lends itself to classification by container number as will be readily detected by the researcher. The chronological scope of this material covers the years from about 1861 to the present, 1996. The historical significance varies from the light-hearted ( a phrenologisfs reading of 18 year old W. H. Jackson's head, modern newspaper cartoon strips by Bill Griffith, a Jackson descendant) through the valuable, original, handwritten William H. Jackson dairies (5), correspondence between Jackson, his friends and associates, and a recorded oral interview of Jackson on the occasion of his 98th birthday. Briefly, the contents of each box may be listed as follows: Box 1. The 1968 calendared items of correspondence, newspaper and magazine clippings, pamphlets, biographical articles and memorabilia. Box 2. Miscellany. Letters, news clippings, advertisements, copies of magazines containing articles about Jackson, and a 1982 Master's Thesis on Jackson's photography. Box 3. Five original W.H. Jackson diaries and a 1923 typescript, Diary of a Bullwhacker, by Jackson [1866]. Box 4. Eight reels of microfilm, various subjects. Audio tape, and a transcription, of 1941 Jackson interview. ( 1 Box 5. Material relating to W.H. Jackson from the F.M. Fryxell collection and the Dan Greenburg collection, Western History Research ( Center, University of Wyoming. Photocopied by permission. Box 6. Phonograph recording of 1941 W.H. Jackson oral interview. Oversize container. William Henry Jackson's autobiography, Time Exposure, was originally published in 1940 by Van Rees Press, New York City. Additionally, both popular and scholarly biographical material has appeared in the literature over the years. In 1994 the Colorado Historical Society acquired the valuable and extensive E.P. Bonney Collection of William Henry Jackson Material, heretofore unaccessable to the scholar. 2 CHRONOLOGY 1843 Born Keeseville, NY, April 4. First in family of seven children. 1 844 Family moves to Georgia. 1 848 Uncle returns from Mexican War. Family moves to Plattsburg, NY. 1850 Family moves to farm in Peru Township, NY, where William begins school in one room rural schoolhouse. 1851 Family, now with four children, resides briefly at Petersburg, VA., then moves to Philadelphia. 1853 Sent to Troy, NY, to live with uncle and attend school. Spare time spent drawing and painting. Rest of family moves to Troy. 1855 First summer job as errand boy for law firm in Troy. 1856 Summer job in print shop. Later works for druggist painting display cards. Begins own business painting scenes on window screens, does theatre posters, advertisements, political posters. No formal schooling after about age 14. 1858 Hired by local photographer as retoucher. 1 860 Enthusiastic follower of Lincoln campaign. Hired as photographer's assistant by Frank Mowrey, Rutland, VT. Does retouching, learns photographic processes and equipment. Sketching and painting in spare time. 1862 August 18 enlists in "Rutland Light Guard"- six weeks later to become Co. K, Twelfth Vermont Volunteers. Keeps a notebook throughout army experience. In army, assigned as staff artist doing scenes of camp life and drawing maps. 1863 During battle of Gettsburg, member of guards for baggage train behind the lines. Enlistment expires in July. Returns to work at Mowrey's in Rutland, VT. ( 3 1865 New position as photographer's assistant for Mr. Styles at "Vermont Gallery of Art," Burlington, VT. Joins literary society to improve his mind. Reads Shakespeare, Dickens, Thoreau, Bancroft, Whittier, Longfellow, Bryant, magazines and newspapers. 1866 Disappointed in love, felt he "must leave Vermont forever." Entrains for New York City, April 14. With two friends, decides to to go west. Signs on with a wagon train as a teamster, or "bullwhacker," at Nebraska City, N.T. 1867 Jackson arrives January 31st at Los Angeles by various means of transportation and working odd jobs. May 3rd, joins a group of 7 other men and 1 woman to herd 200 horses back east. At Julesburg, C.T., the herd is put on railroad cars for Omaha. 1868 Operating photographic studio business in Omaha as "Jackson Brothers," assisted by friend Ira Johnson and brothers Fred and Ed. 1869 Marries Mollie Greer, of Warren, Ohio, May 1 0. In June, with assistant, Arundel C. Hall, begins photographing scenes along the ( Union Pacific railroad to fulfill an "order for 1 0,000 stereographs." 1870 August 1. Joins Ferdinand V. Hayden's two month expedition (United States Geographical and Geological Survey of the Territories) from Cheyenne to South Pass, Fort Bridger, the Uinta mountains and return. Unpaid, but official, photographer. 1871 Now a salaried employee of the government, accompanies Hayden party of 34 to "the Yellowstone country," Thomas Moran, the painter, among them. Took many of the first photographs of what would become Yellowstone National Park one year later. Sells the Photo studio business in Omaha. 1872 In February, Mollie dies in childbirth; daughter doesn't survive. In summer, Jackson is with a section of the Hayden party exploring the Grand T etons and Yellowstone National Park. 1873 Photographic chief for Hayden expedition to Colorado Territory. First to photograph Mountain of the Holy Cross near Tennessee 4 Pass. October 8, At Cincinnatti, Ohio, marries Emilie Painter, cousin of William Gilpin, first governor of Colorado Territory. ( 1874 Photographic division of the survey rendevous in Denver July 1 5. Explores and photographs throughout Colorado Rockies, especially among the Uncompahgre Utes and the Mesa Verde cliff dwellings. 1875 Exploration to western Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Arizona Territories, June 6-0ctober 13. 1876 First surviving child, Clarence S. Jackson, born February 2 at Washington, D.C. Worked at length on "three-dimensional panoramas" for the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. Meanwhile, manufactures his own camera capable of producing a 360 degree picture. 1877 Photographs "between Santa Fe and the Moqui pueblos." All 400 photographs on exposed film fails to develop properly. 1878 Trip to Wyoming and Montana departs Cheyenne July 24. Works in Wind River mountains, Jackson's Hole, and Yellowstone National Park. Daughter, Louise, born November 23 in Washington, D.C. 1879 Leaving the Geological Survey, moves family to Denver to open a photographic studio. Photographs mining, landscape, social scenes in Leadville area. 1880 "The next dozen years brought solid material success although, with a growing family, I always felt hard up." Forms the company "Jackson and Rinehart," which in 1892 becomes W.H. Jackson Photograph and Publishing Company with some independent financial backing. Travels extensively during period photographing for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, Mexican Central Railway, and Baltimore and Ohio, while also doing other work in the United States and Canada. 1882 Daughter Harriett (Hallie) born in Denver, June 7. 1894 Embarks from New York October 3 with four other men as members of the World's Transportation Commission of the Field 5 Columbian Museum. Unsalaried position but Jackson arranges to have his photographs regularly published by Harper's Weekly for practical remuneration. "Our tour became a handsome junket, with good will as our stock in trade," Jackson later would write in his autobiography, Time Exposure. 1897 Photochrom Company, affiliate of the Detroit Publishing Company, absorbs W.H. Jackson Company of Denver and hires Jackson as a salaried director. Son, Clarence S. Jackson, continues operating a photo business in Denver. 1898 Moves family to Detroit. Continues photography in the field. Becomes production manager in 1903, an inside job at the factory. 1 91 8 Wife, Emilie, dies. 1924 Publishing company defunct in wake of 1920-21 recession. Jackson retires, with $6,000 in back salary, to Washington, D.C. Works at painting and writing, spends summer vacations in the West. 1929 Book, The Pioneer Photographer, published in collaboration with Howard R. Driggs of New York University. Moves to New York City to become research director of the Oregon Trail Memorial Association. Continues painting "hundreds of water-color sketches and at least a score of sizable oil paintings." 1935 Hired by National Park Service for 18 months to paint four 30x60 murals for new Interior Department building. Completes several 25x30 oil paintings and some 40 water-colors. 1937 Seriously injured in a fall and is hospitalized at Cheyenne, Wyoming. During following years rested, painted, traveled, experimented with color film photography; carries on extensive correspondence with many friends and associates. 1942 Suffers from fall in his room at the Latham Hotel in New York city. A fractured hip sends him to Midtown Hospital where he succumbs of complications June 30, 1942.
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