DOCSLIB.ORG

First Record of Fairy Shrimp from Belize, and a Comparison of Cyst

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Record of Fairy Shrimp from Belize, and a Comparison of Cyst First Record of Fairy Shrimp from Belize, and a Comparison of Cyst-Shell Morphology in the New World Members of the Streptocephalus sealii Species Group (Anostraca: Streptocephalidae) Author(s): William D. Shepard Source: Journal of Crustacean Biology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (May, 1999), pp. 355-360 Published by: The Crustacean Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549242 . Accessed: 17/03/2011 20:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=crustsoc. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Crustacean Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Crustacean Biology. http://www.jstor.org JOURNALOF CRUSTACEANBIOLOGY, 19(2): 355-360, 1999 FIRSTRECORD OF FAIRYSHRIMP FROM BFIJ7.E, AND A COMPARISONOF CYST-SHEFI. MORPHOLOGY IN THENEW WORLD MEMBERSOF THE STREPTOCEPHALUSSEALII SPECIES GROUP (ANOSTRACA:STREPTOCEPHALIDAE) William D. Shepard ABSTRACT Anostracaare recorded for the firsttime fromBelize, andfor the secondtime fromCentral Amer- ica. The Belizean Streptocephalussimilis occupies a thermalrefuge from insect predators.Cyst- shell morphologiesin the New Worldmembers of the Streptocephalussealii species groupare de- scribed.They indicatea closer relationshipbetween S. sealii and S. woottonithan between either species and S. similis. While conductingstream surveys in Belize, ter may have offereda refugefrom predation, I found a roadside pond containing a small affirmingthe importantinfluence of physical population of the fairy shrimp Strepto- environmentalfactors upon predation (Wood- cephalus similis Baird. The pond was in a ardand Kiesecker, 1994). While the pondwas forested area of the Rio Bravo Preserve in beside the road,it appearedto be naturaland northernBelize, an area of karsttopography not to be a borrow-ditchresulting from road having much in common with the Yucatan construction.This observationis supported peninsula of Mexico. The collection was by the fact thatroads in this areaare built up made by W. D. Shepardin Belize; Orange by adding crushedlimestone to the existing WalkDistrict, Rio BravoPreserve, in a road- surface, not by using the roadside soil as a side pond 1 mi (1.61 km) south of the head- base. quarterson the east side of the road, 2 Janu- Six of the femaleshad shelledresting-eggs, ary 1996. This collection extends the known or cysts, in their brood pouches. Of the two continentalrange of S. similis approximately that lacked cysts, one had well-developed 1,200 km to the southeast (from southern shell glandswhile the otherdid not. All males Tamaulipas, Mexico). The closest known had readily visible penes. Thus, the popula- population is on Jamaica, approximately tion was evidently reproducing.The total 1,000 km to the east (Moore,1958; Belk, per- lengthsin mm were: males -13.0, 15.5, 17.0, sonal communication).The only other col- 17.5, 19.2, and 19.5; females -14.0, 15.8, lection of anostracansfrom CentralAmerica 16.0, 16.2, 16.2, 17.0, 17.1, and 17.6. (excluding Mexico) is from Costa Rica (Pereiraand Belk, 1987). I collected 14 in- Taxonomy of Streptocephalus.-Early re- dividuals (6 males, 8 females) all of which views of New WorldStreptocephalus are by aredeposited in the collectionof DentonBelk Creaser(1930) and Moore (1966). All spe- (collection numberDB 1272). cies known in Streptocephalusas of 1993 The anostracanswere inhabiting a pond were listed by Belk and Brtek (1995). Three (Fig. 1) filled with potentialinsect predators additionalspecies have been described(Belk (notonectids,nepids, belostomids, and vari- and Brtek, 1997). Maeda-Martinezet al. ous odonate nymphs). Individualsof Strep- (1995a, b) reviewed the systematics of the tocephalussimilis were restrictedto the deep- Streptocephalidaeand split Streptocephalus est partof the pond,and inside extensive beds into nine species groups,three of which oc- of charophyceanalgae. The deepest water, cur in the New World.Their work was based and that inside the algal beds, was cool on adult morphology; cyst characteristics (25?C) compared to the rest of the pond were not used in their analysis. Most of the (30?C). The insects were in the warmersur- pastdescriptive work has involvedadult mor- face watersand on the peripheryof the algal phology. Increasingly,however, attentionis beds. Thus, the algal beds and the cool wa- being given to cysts (Brendonck, 1989; De 355 356 JOURNALOF CRUSTACEANBIOLOGY, VOL. 19, NO. 2, 1999 Fig. 1. Roadside pond with charophycean algal beds occupied by Streptocephalus similis. Walsche et al., 1991; Mura, 1992a, b). Cyst illustrated,but did not systematically describe, morphology has been used to make identifi- cyst exteriors for all three New World S. sealii cation keys for regional groups of Strepto- group species. Considerable interspecific cephalus spp. (Brendonck and Coomans, variation in cyst size has been found in S. 1994a, b). It has become important in de- sealii (Belk et al., 1990). Some of that vari- scriptions of new taxa to include descriptions ation is related to female size and some to of cysts (Brendonck et al., 1992; Brendonck habitat variables. Some may be due to un- and Belk, 1993; Hamer and Brendonck, 1993). known cryptic species. Research into cyst Most cyst illustrations and/or descriptions variation in S. sealii is being initiated have dealt only with cyst exteriors. Only re- (Richard Hill, personal communication). cently has there been examination of the in- The interior and exterior morphology of terior of cyst shells. Cyst-shell cross sections cysts of S. sealii and S. woottoni have been have been illustrated for S. dichotomous studied as part of a study of cysts in Califor- (Baird) (see De Walsche et al., 1991) and S. nia anostracans(Hill and Shepard, 1997). With texanus Packard (see Hill and Shepard, 1997). the collection of cyst-bearing females of S. The S. sealii species group is comprised similis, in was possible for me to examine all of three New World species (S. sealii Ryder, the New World species in the S. sealii species S. similis Baird, S. woottoni Eng, Belk and group. In doing so, I hoped to determine Eriksen; see Appendix for collection records) whether cyst morphology is as useful as adult and three Old World species (S. bourguinii morphology (Maeda-Martinez,1995a) indicat- Hamer and Appleton, S. distinctus Thiele, S. ing relationshipsamong closely related species. spinosus Daday) (Maeda-Martinez et al., 1995a). Brendonck and Coomans (1994b) MATERIALSAND METHODS have illustrated and described systematically The Belizean fairy shrimp were preserved in 70% iso- cyst exteriors for the Old World species S. propyl alcohol in the field and later switched to 70% ethyl distinctus and S. spinosus. Mura (1992a) alcohol. In the laboratory, cysts were removed from one Figs. 2-7. Cysts of Streptocephalus. Fig. 2. Streptocephalus sealii, whole cyst. Scale bar = 50 gm. Fig. 3. Strep- tocephalus sealii, cyst wall cross section. Scale bar = 10 gJm. Fig. 4. Streptocephalus similis, whole cyst. Scale bar = 20 gm. Fig. 5. Streptocephalus similis, cyst wall cross section. Scale bar = 10 gm. Fig. 6. Streptocephalus woot- toni, whole cyst. Scale bar = 50 gm. Fig. 7. Streptocephalus woottoni, cyst wall cross section. Scale bar = 5 gum. SHEPARD:STREPTOCEPHALUS FROM BELIZE 357 358 JOURNALOF CRUSTACEANBIOLOGY, VOL. 19, NO. 2, 1999 female for examination by scanning electron microscopy of the alveolar layer. Cysts of S. sealii lack (SEM). Egg preparation followed that of Hill and Shep- the larger columnar supports and thus have ard (1997). Terminology for internal structures follows that of Lee et al. (1994) and Hill and Shepard (1997). none of the large hollows found in the alve- Eggs of S. sealii Ryder and S. woottoni Eng, Belk, olar area of S. woottoni. and Eriksen were obtained from alcohol-preserved mu- seum from four each of S. specimens. Eggs populations DISCUSSION sealii and S. woottoni were examined. Specific collec- tion data are listed in the Appendix. The habitat of the Belizean population sug- With the use of SEM, the entire cysts were pho- gests that S. similis may be located in the Yu- and a cross section of the tographed cyst shell, together catan of searches with any unusual surface structures (Hill and Shepard, peninsula Mexico, although 1997). The diameter of several cysts per population was there have not found this species. The Be- measured using an in-scope micrometer. lizean population greatly reduces the previ- ously known large disjunction (between Ja- RESULTS maica and Tamaulipas,Mexico) between pop- ulations of S. similis. No birds are known to For the populations examined, I found con- migrate between these populations and sistent differences in cyst morphology among thereby serve as vectors between the disjunct members of the S. sealii species group. Indi- populations. However, this new population vidual cyst diameters per female are listed in adds to the trajectory that suggests movement the Appendix. Composite descriptions from of the fairy shrimp via plate tectonics the populations examined are as follows. (Maeda-Martinez et al., 1995a). Externally, cysts from all known members The external shape of the cysts in the mem- of the S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton Tending His Fairy Shrimp Collection
    Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton tending his fairy shrimp collection. 176 Appendix 1 Hatching and Rearing Back in the bowels of this book we noted that However, salts may leach from soils to ultimately if one takes dry soil samples from a pool basin, make the water salty, a situation which commonly preferably at its deepest point, one can then "just turns off hatching. Tap water is usually unsatis- add water and stir". In a day or two nauplii ap- factory, either because it has high TDS, or because pear if their cysts are present. O.K., so they won't it contains chlorine or chloramine, disinfectants always appear, but you get the idea. which may inhibit hatching or kill emerging If your desire is to hatch and rear fairy nauplii. shrimps the hi-tech way, you should get some As you have read time and again in Chapter 5, guidance from Brendonck et al. (1990) and temperature is an important environmental cue for Maeda-Martinez et al. (1995c). If you merely coaxing larvae from their dormant state. You can want to see what an anostracan is like, buy some guess what temperatures might need to be ap- Artemia cysts at the local aquarium shop and fol- proximated given the sample's origin. Try incu- low directions on the container. Should you wish bation at about 3-5°C if it came from the moun- to find out what's in your favorite pool, or gather tains or high desert. If from California grass- together sufficient animals for a study of behavior lands, 10° is a good level at which to start.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX D Biological Technical Report
    APPENDIX D Biological Technical Report CarMax Auto Superstore EIR BIOLOGICAL TECHNICAL REPORT PROPOSED CARMAX AUTO SUPERSTORE PROJECT CITY OF OCEANSIDE, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: EnviroApplications, Inc. 2831 Camino del Rio South, Suite 214 San Diego, California 92108 Contact: Megan Hill 619-291-3636 Prepared by: 4629 Cass Street, #192 San Diego, California 92109 Contact: Melissa Busby 858-334-9507 September 29, 2020 Revised March 23, 2021 Biological Technical Report CarMax Auto Superstore TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 3 SECTION 1.0 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 6 1.1 Proposed Project Location .................................................................................... 6 1.2 Proposed Project Description ............................................................................... 6 SECTION 2.0 – METHODS AND SURVEY LIMITATIONS ............................................ 8 2.1 Background Research .......................................................................................... 8 2.2 General Biological Resources Survey .................................................................. 8 2.3 Jurisdictional Delineation ...................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jurisdiction .................................................... 9 2.3.2 Regional Water Quality
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Opinion (Opinion) in Accordance with Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), As Amended (16 U.S.C
    In Reply Refer to: FWS-SDG-15B0072-20F1452 November 17, 2020 Sent Electronically Memorandum To: Regional Endangered Species Program Manager Sacramento, California From: Field Supervisor, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office Carlsbad, California Subject: Intra-Service Formal Section 7 Consultation for the Issuance of an Amendment to the County of San Diego’s Endangered Species Act Section 10(a)(1)(B) Permit (PRT-840414) for the Multiple Species Conservation Program, San Diego Subarea Plan to address the Otay Ranch Village 14 and Planning Areas 16 and 19, San Diego County, California This document transmits the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s (Service) biological opinion (Opinion) in accordance with section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), regarding the issuance of an amendment to the incidental take permit (ITP) for the Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) County of San Diego (County) Subarea Plan (Subarea Plan) for Otay Ranch Village 14 and Planning Areas 16 and 19 (Project) pursuant to section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Act. The Service issued the Section 10(a)(1)(B) permit (PRT-840414) to the County for their Subarea Plan on March 17, 1998. The permit duration is for 50 years. The County is requesting the Amendment to change the footprint of the Project, as well as add incidental take coverage for the federally endangered Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino; QCB) and San Diego fairy shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegonensis; SDFS). The MSCP is a comprehensive, 50-year habitat conservation plan program that addresses urban development and the needs of 85 covered species and the preservation of natural vegetation communities within a 582,243-acre planning area in southwest San Diego County (City of San Diego 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting the Distribution and Co-Occurrence of Two Southern Californian Anostracans (Branchiopoda), Branchinecta Sandiegonensis and Streptocephalus Woo1toni
    JOURNAL O f' CRUSTAC EA N BIOL OGY . 16(4) : 669 - 677, 1996 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION AND CO-OCCURRENCE OF TWO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN ANOSTRACANS (BRANCHIOPODA), BRANCHINECTA SANDIEGONENSIS AND STREPTOCEPHALUS WOO1TONI Stacie A. Hathaway and Marie A. Simovicn ABSTRACT We address the role of temp erature and maturation rate in limiting the distribution and co-o c­ currence of 2 ephemeral pool branchiopods, Branchinecta sandiegon ensis and Streptocephalus wool/ani (Anostraca), in southern California. Branchinecta sandiegon ensis occurs in pools of variable depth (fro m < S em to > 30 em) and duration, while Streptocephalus wool/ani is found only in deeper pool s (>30 ern) of longer duration. These 2 species co-occur in a few pools, but their adults are never observed simultaneously. To bett er understand these patt erns, field­ collected cysts of both species wer e hatched at an array of constant and 12-h fluctuating tem ­ peratures. Maturation rates were compared in aquaria at room temperature (-20- 22°C) and by field observation. Both species hatched best at cooler temperatures ( lOOC and fluctuating S­ IYC), but S. WOOl/an i was more eurythermal. Both were inhibited at higher temperatures unless these temperatures were included in a fluctuating regime. After hatching, B. sandiegon ensis did not mature at soc. In laboratory and field observations, B. sandiegonensis matured quickly ( 1­ 2 week s) at moderate temperatures and died before S. WOOl/ani rea ched maturity. These results indi cate that temperature play s a role in re stri cting the distribution of the se species to the coast, where temperatures are favorable.
    [Show full text]
  • Riverside Fairy Shrimp (Streptocephalus Woottoni)
    Riverside Fairy Shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Photograph: C. Brown, USGS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad Office Carlsbad, California September 2008 1 5-YEAR REVIEW Riverside Fairy Shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni) I. GENERAL INFORMATION Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a status review of each listed species at least once every 5 years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed (or since the most recent 5-year review). Based on the 5-year review, we recommend whether the species should be removed from the list of endangered and threatened species, be changed in status from endangered to threatened, or be changed in status from threatened to endangered. Our original listing of a species as endangered or threatened is based on the existence of threats attributable to one or more of the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act, and we must consider these same five factors in any subsequent consideration of reclassification or delisting of a species. In the 5-year review, we consider the best available scientific and commercial data on the species, and focus on new information available since the species was listed or last reviewed. If we recommend a change in listing status based on the results of the 5-year review, we must propose to do so through a separate rule-making process defined in the Act that includes public review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Biodiversity Report
    FINAL Baseline Biodiversity Survey for Potrero Mason Property Prepared for: County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation 5500 Overland Avenue Drive, Suite 410 San Diego, California 92123 Contact: Jennifer Price Prepared by: 605 Third Street Encinitas, California 92024 Contact: Brock Ortega DECEMBER 2012 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. Final Baseline Biodiversity Survey Potrero Mason Property TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of the Report.............................................................................................. 1 1.2 MSCP Context ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................9 2.1 Project Location ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Geographical Setting ............................................................................................... 9 2.3 Geology and Soils ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program Covered Species Prioritization
    San Diego Multiple Species Conservation Program Covered Species Prioritization For Task B of Local Assistance Grant #P0450009 Source: http://www.fws.gov/sandiegorefuges/Vernal.htm January 2006 Prepared for: California Department of Fish and Game Grant Coordinator: Dr. Brenda S. Johnson Prepared by: Department of Biology, San Diego State University Dr. Helen M. Regan, Lauren A. Hierl, Dr. Janet Franklin, and Dr. Douglas H. Deutschman MSCP Covered Species Prioritization January 2006 Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 3 List of Figures................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary........................................................................................................................ 4 I. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5 II. Description of Prioritization Scheme Used............................................................................. 5 i) At-Risk Category..................................................................................................................... 7 ii) Threats/Risk Factors............................................................................................................... 9 iii) Habitat Associations and Spatial Distribution of Species..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Full Version
    City of San Diego ernal ool V InventoryP City of San Diego • Vernal Pool Inventory • 2002-2003 Prepared by: City of San Diego, Planning Department Multiple Species Conservation Program Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad Field Offi ce 2002-2003 May 12, 2004 THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO The City of San Diego is pleased to provide you with a copy of its 2002-2003 Vernal Pool Inventory. This inventory builds off of seminal work completed by R. Mitchel Beauchamp (1979) and Dr. Ellen Bauder (1986), as well as over 2500 hours of City staff conducting site specific vernal pool surveys. This inventory was the product of a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to improve understanding of the current distribution and conservation status of vernal pools within the jurisdiction or ownership of the City of San Diego. The inventory will serve as the foundation for the Citywide Vernal Pool Management Plan currently underway. While the inventory focused on identifying the location and size of vernal pool basins, and five sensitive vernal pool plants, it is my hope that it will serve as the basis for future monitoring and research efforts. Because all of the information was collected with a sub-meter differential Global Positioning System and stored in a Geographic Information System, the data can be easily aggregated with other vernal pool inventories currently underway by the County of San Diego and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. This will allow a regional perspective on the status of these unique ecosystems. It is my sincere belief that through proper management, vernal pool habitat can be protected, enhanced and restored.
    [Show full text]
  • Variables in the Introduction of the Species, Streptocephalus Sealii
    Hamline University DigitalCommons@Hamline School of Education Student Capstone Theses and School of Education Dissertations Summer 8-14-2015 Variables in the Introduction of the Species, Streptocephalus sealii, Spinytail Fairy Shrimp into a Local Seasonal Wetland Jane Anne Porterfield Hamline University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hse_all Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Porterfield, Jane Anne, "Variables in the Introduction of the Species, Streptocephalus sealii, Spinytail Fairy Shrimp into a Local Seasonal Wetland" (2015). School of Education Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations. 221. https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/hse_all/221 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at DigitalCommons@Hamline. It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Education Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Hamline. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ABSTRACT Porterfield, J. Variables in the Introduction of the Species, Streptocephalus sealii, Spinytail Fairy Shrimp into a Local Seasonal Wetland (2015) The research question addressed in this capstone is what factors play a role in the introduction of a wingless aquatic invertebrate to a recently restored mitigation wetland. The motivation for this capstone was the discovery of a fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus sealii in a Rosemount, Minnesota wetland in 2012. This organism was previously recorded from two other sites in Minnesota at least 35 miles from this location. Its appearance in a mitigation wetland generated questions as to whether restoration materials brought in the species or the mitigation created the environment in which the organism could thrive.
    [Show full text]
  • MSP Species Background
    Volume 2D: Goals and Objectives for Species Focus Management Species 2.0 Invertebrates 2.0 INVERTEBRATES - SL, SO, SS 2.1 San Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegonensis) – Category SL Management Units with Known Occurrences San Diego fairy shrimp are endemic to southern California and are restricted to vernal pools and other nonvegetated, temporary (i.e., containing water a short time) basins in coastal southern California and northwestern Baja California, Mexico (USFWS 2008). San Diego fairy shrimp are vernal pool (seasonal depressional wetlands) habitat specialists, found in small, shallow vernal pools 5–30 centimeters (2–12 inches) deep with a temperature range of 10–20 degrees Centigrade (USFWS 1997). They are occasionally found in ditches and road ruts that support suitable conditions (USFWS 2008). San Diego fairy shrimp are usually observed from January through March when seasonal rainfall fills vernal pools and initiates cyst (egg) hatching (Hathaway and Simovich 1996). Within the MSPA, San Diego fairy shrimp is known from vernal pools and vernal pool complexes in MUs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Reserve, Imperial Beach, Kearny Mesa, Chollas Heights, Sweetwater Reservoir, Marron Valley, Otay Mesa, Mission trails Regional Park, Santee, Poway, Ramona, Del Mar Mesa, Lopez Ridge, Mira Mesa, Carlsbad, and San Marcos (MSP-MOM 2014). They are also known from vernal pools on MCAS Miramar, which supports the largest contiguous block of habitat and highest number of occupied vernal pools within the range of the San Diego fairy shrimp (39 complexes; over 1,899 pools) (USFWS 2008). It is important to note that surveys may miss observing and collecting adults because not all vernal pools fill in a given year; pools may not fill long enough for dormant cysts to hatch; and, in any given pool that has ponded water long enough to hatch San Diego fairy shrimp cysts, only a small percentage of the cyst bank hatches (i.e., bet-hedging; Simovich and Hathaway 1997; Philippi et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Life-History Traits of Streptocephalus Purcelli Sars, 1898 (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Temporary Waters with Different Phenology
    Life-history traits of Streptocephalus purcelli Sars, 1898 (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from temporary waters with different phenology ER De Roeck1,2 A Waterkeyn2 and L Brendonck2 1Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussel, Belgium 2Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, K.U.Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Abstract Rock-pools have specific environmental characteristics, usually with multiple short and unpredictable hydroperiods in 1 season. This requires a specific set of life-history adaptations of their permanent inhabitants, which affects species occur- rence. In Southern African rock-pools, large branchiopods are usually represented by Branchipodopsis species. During an intensive sampling campaign in 2004 in the Western Cape of South Africa, a population of Streptocephalus purcelli Sars, 1898 was discovered for the first time in a clear rock-pool with a short hydroperiod. Its usual habitat is a more turbid mud- pool with a longer hydroperiod. We investigated under standard laboratory conditions the differences in early life-history traits between the rock-pool population and a conspecific mud-pool population. Dormant eggs of the rock-pool population were smaller than those of the mud-pool population. The smaller larvae also hatched earlier. These characteristics are in accordance with what is expected for populations living in ephemeral systems. The rock-pool population, on the other hand, also exhibited a higher total hatching percentage, a longer hatching duration, a longer maturation time and a lower mortal- ity. Although, deduced from the last mentioned life-history traits, S. purcelli seemed not well-adapted to unpredictable and ephemeral rock-pool habitats, they could probably occur due to the absence of the competitively stronger species in the region or due to dispersal and mass effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Fairy Shrimps
    Fairy Shrimps of California's Puddles, Pools, and Playas by Clyde Eriksen and Denton Belk The 25 fairy shrimps found in California Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 San Francisco brine shrimp Artemia monica Verrill, 1869 Mono Lake brine shrimp Branchinecta campestris Lynch, 1960 pocketed pouch fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis Packard, 1874 Colorado fairy shrimp Branchinecta conservatio Eng, Belk, & Eriksen, 1990 Conservancy fairy shrimp Branchinecta dissimilis Lynch, 1972 dissimilar fairy shrimp Branchinecta gigas Lynch, 1937 giant fairy shrimp Branchinecta lindahli Packard, 1883 versatile fairy shrimp Branchinecta longiantenna Eng, Belk, & Eriksen, 1990 longhorn fairy shrimp Branchinecta lynchi Eng, Belk, & Eriksen, 1990 vernal pool fairy shrimp Branchinecta mackini Dexter, 1956 alkali fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis Fugate, 1993 San Diego fairy shrimp Branchinecta sp. - 1 midvalley fairy shrimp Branchinecta sp. - 2 winter fairy shrimp Branchinecta sp. - 3 mountain fairy shrimp Eubranchipus bundyi Forbes, 1876 knobbedlip fairy shrimp Eubranchipus oregonus Creaser, 1930 Oregon fairy shrimp Eubranchipus serratus Forbes, 1876 ethologist fairy shrimp Linderiella occidentalis (Dodds, 1923) California fairy shrimp Linderiella santarosae Thiery & Fugate, 1994 Santa Rosa Plateau fairy shrimp Streptocephalus dorothae Mackin, 1942 New Mexico fairy shrimp Streptocephalus sealii Ryder, 1879 spinytail fairy shrimp Streptocephalus texanus Packard, 1871 Great Plains fairy shrimp Streptocephalus woottoni Eng, Belk, & Eriksen, 1990 Riverside fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard, 1879 beavertail fairy shrimp FAIRY SHRIMPS OF CALIFORNIA'S PUDDLES, POOLS, AND PLAYAS by Clyde H. Eriksen and Denton Belk art work by Ina Rae Lengyel cover and maps by Jones & Stokes Associates, Inc. ©1999 Clyde H. Eriksen and Denton Belk Published by Mad River Press, Inc. Printed by Eureka Printing Company, Inc.
    [Show full text]