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Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System

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Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System Justice the Mental for Health Strategies Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System October 2014 Victorian Auditor-General’s Report October 2014 2014–15:11 2014–15:11 Level 24 Telephone 61 3 8601 7000 35 Collins Street Facsimile 61 3 8601 7010 Melbourne Vic. 3000 www.audit.vic.gov.au V I C T O R I A Victorian Auditor-General Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System Ordered to be printed VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT PRINTER October 2014 PP No 366, Session 2010–14 This report is printed on Monza Recycled paper. Monza Recycled is certified Carbon Neutral by The Carbon Reduction Institute (CRI) in accordance with the global Greenhouse Gas Protocol and ISO 14040 framework. The Lifecycle Analysis (LCA) for Monza Recycled is cradle to grave including Scopes 1, 2 and 3. It has FSC Mix Certification combined with 55% recycled content. ISBN 978 1 925226 00 3 The Hon. Bruce Atkinson MLC The Hon. Christine Fyffe MP President Speaker Legislative Council Legislative Assembly Parliament House Parliament House Melbourne Melbourne Dear Presiding Officers Under the provisions of section 16AB of the Audit Act 1994, I transmit my report on the audit Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System. This audit assessed the effectiveness of planning and coordination for mental health across Victoria’s criminal justice system. The audit found that justice and health agencies recognise the importance of addressing mental health issues within the criminal justice system. However, there is currently no overarching strategy or leadership for mental health and the justice system that focuses on improving outcomes for people with a mental illness. While there is evidence of agencies working together, this is neither uniform nor sufficiently coordinated across the justice system to address mental illness effectively. Further collaboration and coordination would likely enhance the overall outcomes for people with a mental illness. Yours faithfully John Doyle Auditor-General 15 October 2014 Victorian Auditor-General’s Report Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System iii Contents Auditor-General's comments .................................................................... vii Audit summary .......................................................................................... ix Conclusions ..............................................................................................................x Findings ....................................................................................................................x Recommendations ................................................................................................. xiii Submissions and comments received ................................................................... xiv 1. Background .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Mental illness .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Victorian mental health strategies ................................................................... 4 1.3 Criminal justice process and responsibilities ................................................... 5 1.4 Audit scope and objective ............................................................................... 7 1.5 Audit method and cost .................................................................................... 8 1.6 Structure of the report ..................................................................................... 9 2. Police ................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Police and trends in mental illness ................................................................ 12 2.4 Planning and agency-level coordination ....................................................... 14 2.5 Program and service-level coordination ........................................................ 16 3. Courts ................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Courts and trends in mental illness ............................................................... 21 3.4 Planning and agency-level coordination ....................................................... 24 3.5 Program and service-level coordination ........................................................ 27 4. Custody .............................................................................................. 31 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 32 4.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Police cells, prisons and trends in mental illness .......................................... 33 4.4 Planning and agency-level coordination ....................................................... 37 4.5 Program and service-level coordination ........................................................ 40 Victorian Auditor-General’s Report Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System v Contents 5. Community ......................................................................................... 43 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 44 5.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Community supervision and support, and trends in mental illness ............... 44 5.4 Planning and agency-level coordination ....................................................... 48 5.5 Program and service-level coordination ........................................................ 51 Appendix A. Definition of terms ................................................................ 55 Appendix B. Audit Act 1994 section 16—submissions and comments ...... 59 vi Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System Victorian Auditor-General’s Report Auditor-General’s comments Mental illness is a significant issue for our community. About half of all people aged between 16 and 85 will experience a mental illness in their lifetime. In any year around 20 per cent of the community experience a mental illness, of which 16 per cent have a severe mental illness. The rate of mental illness among people involved with the criminal justice system is much higher than the community generally. Around 40 per cent of prison entrants have previously been told they have a mental illness. Recently, greater efforts have been made to understand how governments, health and human service providers can work together to improve outcomes for people with mental illness. There is recognition that services must be more integrated and coordinated, and include physical health, alcohol and drug dependency, family John Doyle support, education and employment, and housing components. Auditor-General In this audit I examined how the criminal justice, health and human services agencies are working together to better manage and address the needs of people with mental illness. I examined cross-agency planning and coordination to assess whether agencies are effectively working together to improve their responses to people with mental illness. My audit found evidence of work underway to develop links between policing and mental health services, and of the continued development of specialist courts and support programs to help people with mental illness and other needs address the issues that lead to their offending. The Department of Justice is also preparing for a large increase in the number of specialised mental health beds in the prison Audit team system in 2017. Chris Sheard However, my audit found that there are gaps with planning, collaboration and Engagement Leader coordination. There is no overarching leadership or strategy for mental health in the criminal justice system that could provide the basis for focusing and David Cook coordinating agencies’ responses. Team Leader Addressing these gaps could improve the justice system pathways and outcomes Kerryn Riseley for people with a mental illness. Agencies would be better able to prioritise Analyst development of existing initiatives to maximise outcomes for the justice system as Matthew Irons a whole. More effective collaboration would improve links between existing Analyst services, and provide the basis for developing new services. I have made a number of recommendations to address these issues, which Engagement Quality pleasingly, Victoria Police, the departments of Justice, Health and Human Control Reviewer Services, and Court Services Victoria have accepted. My recommendations reinforce the need for agencies to collaborate in planning and developing their Dallas Mischkulnig responses to mental illness in the justice system. Victorian Auditor-General’s Report Mental Health Strategies for the Justice System vii Auditor-General's comments It is especially pleasing that as a result of the audit,
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