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Book of Abstracts CTBT Science and Technology Conference 2021 (SnT2021) Monday 28 June 2021 – Friday 02 July 2021 Book of Abstracts Welcome and introduction It is my pleasure to welcome you to SnT2021, which is the sixth event in the CTBT: Science and Technology conference series. SnT2021 is special and different from previous SnT conferences, and not only in terms ofits hybrid-virtual format. It has two important themes that are unique for this year — the 25th anniversary of the opening for signature of the CTBT, and the Covid-19 pandemic that has affected us all. We will mark the 25th anniversary with a series of invited talks and panels that will address various aspects of the verification system over the past 25 years and the challenges and prospects for theTreaty in the future. The global nature of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a world-wide resilience test. This was especially true for the CTBT verification regime, which relies on continuous data gathering, transmission and analysis. We will reflect upon this experience and the lessons that can be learnt from it in a dedicated panel and a series of oral presentations distributed over several sessions. The sessions related to the 25th anniversary include high level discussions on the openingday (28 June) as well as technological and scientific panels over the remainder of the Conference (29 June – 2 July). These panels will cover the topics of sensors, data analysis, regional data, lessons from historical data, preparedness for OSI, as well as scientific and civil applications. It is heartening to see that the level of interest for the SnT conferences continues to grow as we expect more than 1100 participants and 620 presentations that will cover a wide range of disciplines, including seismology, meteorology, acoustics, nuclear sciences, computer sciences, system engineering and maintenance, information and communication technology, and disar- mament and non-proliferation diplomacy. Let me also take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all of the staff who have tirelessly supported this complex undertaking of organizing a hybrid conference setting for the first time and under unprecedented circumstances. Undoubtedly, we would have preferred to welcome everyone again here in Vienna. However, our hope is that the diverse programme and hybrid format will still inspire and enable your active engagement with this important initiative. These SnT conferences are an important contribution to the rich repository of knowledge that will serve as a resource for generations to come. Lassina Zerbo Executive Secretary Page ii Contents Welcome and introduction ................................ ii High-level opening ..................................... 1 G1 SNT21@25th anniversary of the CTBT: Ceremonial Opening and Political Re- marks ........................................ 1 G2 Facilitated dialogue on CTBT@25 years: Evolution of the CTBT, the Organiza- tion and its technologies & CTBT’s model function of inclusion and science cooperation ..................................... 1 G3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Transform Nuclear Explosion Monitoring and Veri- fication: Thoughts on Opportunities and What It Might Take to GetThere. .. 2 G4 Space science and technology for global sustainable development, peace, and se- curity ........................................ 2 G5 Securing a nuclear test-free world for Youth and the next generations ...... 3 Highlight talks ........................................ 4 H1-720 Imaging the Earth’s Deep Interior using seismic waves ............ 4 H2-716 Improving ocean monitoring through the expansion of the global seismo- graphic network on the seafloor .......................... 4 H3-715 Progress and Challenges in Atmospheric Sciences ............... 5 Invited talks .......................................... 6 I01-722 Challenges and Achievements of Monitoring for Nuclear Test Explosions in the Context of the CTBT .............................. 6 I02-718 The CTBT Hydroacoustic Network at 25 years ................ 6 I03-714 25 years of infrasound monitoring: achievements and new challenges ... 7 I04-717 The IMS radionuclide network- a unique machine not yet fully exploited .. 7 I05-727 Status of Preparations for the Support of On-site Inspections ........ 8 I06-719 Sustainable Development, Disaster Risk Reduction and CTBTO Verification Regime ........................................ 8 I06-721 Civil and Scientific Applications of IMS Data ................. 9 I07-529 Use of infrasound data for early notification of Volcanic Ash Advisory Cen- tres .......................................... 9 I08-723 Knowledge vs Data ................................ 10 I09-742 Welcome to risk: As we know it or, do we? .................. 10 I10-749 Multiple Reasons for the Anthropocene – Paul Crutzen’s Contribution to Save Planetary Boundaries ............................. 11 I10-752 Artificial radionuclide fallout: a marker for the start of the Anthropocene Epoch ........................................ 11 Invited short talks ...................................... 12 Is1-353 New applications at the IDC for SHI Expert Technical Analysis ....... 12 iii Is2-283 Advancements in hydroacoustic signal processing at CTBT IDC during the past two decades and plans in the future ..................... 12 Is3-381 Infrasound processing system at the IDC, from rudimentary to maturity .. 13 Is4-332 Advancements in Atmospheric Transport Modelling (ATM) at the CTBTO PTS during the past two decades and plans for the future. ........... 13 Is5-239 Development of the first comprehensive draft list of equipment for use during OSIs ......................................... 14 Is6-454 Machine learning prospects for automatic SHI processing .......... 15 Is7-604 Review and outlook of radionuclide screening methods for discriminating nuclear explosion signals from normal radioactivity background in the atmo- sphere ........................................ 15 Panel discussions ...................................... 17 J02 Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis as a Resilience of the CTBT monitoring regime ................................. 17 J03 Lessons from historic nuclear test explosions and value of recorded signals for monitoring science ................................. 17 J04 Innovation affecting CTBT: pertinent to IMS monitoring system (sensors) ... 18 J05 Innovation affecting CTBT: pertinent to IDC data analysis; needs, ideas andim- plementation pathways ............................... 18 J06 Civil and scientific applications - prospects ..................... 19 J07 Regional data for treaty monitoring ......................... 19 J08 Human versus Machine ................................ 20 J09 Synergy among monitoring systems to address hazard mitigation and global chal- lenges ........................................ 20 J11 Communicating uncertainty among scientists, to policy makers and the public . 21 Events .............................................. 23 M1 Event 1 on Resilience of the CTBT monitoring regime, including lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis ........................ 23 M2 Event 2 on Resilience of the CTBT monitoring regime, including lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis ........................ 23 Oral presentations ...................................... 25 O1.1 The atmosphere and its dynamic .......................... 25 O1.1-320 Obtaining the infrasound bulletin for IS08 ............... 25 O1.1-389 The Coherent Infrasound Wavefield: New IMS Broadband Bulletin Products for Atmospheric Studies and Civilian Applications ...... 25 O1.1-457 Multi-disciplinary characterization of the June 2019 eruptions of Raikoke (Kuril Islands) and Ulawun (Papua New Guinea) volcanoes using re- mote technologies ............................. 26 O1.1-531 Global microbarom patterns: infrasound ambient noise modelling vs IMS observation database ......................... 27 O1.1-536 Reflection on the importance of IMS-like infrasound stations invol- canologically active areas ......................... 27 O1.1-596 Modeling atmospheric transport and dispersion over complex terrain 28 O1.2 The solid earth and its structure .......................... 29 O1.2-091 3D Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Simulations In The Sea Of Marmara 29 O1.2-165 P-wave arrival-time tomography of the Middle East ......... 29 O1.2-238 Monitoring sub-seafloor deformation in plate subduction zone ... 30 O1.2-247 Velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath the tanzanian cra- ton and the surrounding proterozoic mobile belts from pn tomography ........................................ 30 Page iv O1.2-277 Teleseismic depth determination, techniques and uncertainties : an Himalayan case study ........................... 31 O1.2-412 A crustal P-wave velocity model for Israel to improve IMS capabilities in the Middle East ............................. 31 O1.3 The oceans and their properties ........................... 33 O1.3-262 Investigation of trends in ocean noise determined from the CTBTO hydroacoustic stations, including during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown period .................................... 33 O1.3-489 Seismic ocean thermometry using CTBTO hydrophone data ..... 33 O1.3-513 Long-term observations of a potential great whale call from the cen- tral Indian Ocean during 2002-2019 ................... 34 O1.3-648 Using ambient noise at hydroacoustic stations for passive ocean sens- ing ...................................... 34 O1.3-705 SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Ocean and Earth:
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