The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 65 This Concluded The

The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 65

THE SECOND TEOOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALEY By W. A. NEWMAN DORLAND, A.M., M.D., F.A.C.S. Major, Medical Corps, U. S. Army; formerly First Lieutenant and Surgeon of the Troop (April 1, 1898-November 10, 1903)

[For references see pages 79-84]

(Continued from Vol. LIIL, page 383) This concluded the military work for the year, with the exception of the weekly in-door drills, which were continued throughout the winter. It was not until the middle of February, 1811, that the winter routine was broken by the customary notices for the Washington's Birth-day celebration. The Regimental notice was as follows:—638

*' CAVALRY. "In honour of the Anniversary of the Birth of our much lamented Chief GEORGE WASHINGTON, the Regiment of Cavalry completely equipped, will form on the 22d instant, at ten o 'clock, A. M. in Arch-street, with their right on Fifth-street, displaying eastwardly —the Adjutant will designate the station of each troop in the line.—Punctuality and strict attention to orders, is confidently expected. "By order of Colonel Wharton. "J. R. INGERSOLL, Adjutant. "feb. 18 [1811]." Three days later the following Troop Orders appeared :—639 VOL. LIV.—5. 66 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry

6' SECOND TROOP OF LIGHT HORSE. i i The Troop will parade compleatly equipped, at the Eiding House640 on Friday the 22d inst. at half past 8 o'clock, A. M. "By order of the Commandant, i' SAMUEL ALLEN, "Orderly Sergeant. "feb. 21 [1811]."

"TROOP ORDERS.641 Philadelphia, Feb. 18,1811. "The Fourth Troop of City Cavalry, ever cherish- ing the memory of the Great and Good Man, WASH- INGTON, will celebrate the Anniversary of his Birth (the 22d instant). The Troop will parade at 9 o'clock in the morning, at Harvey's, Spring-Garden642 where they will be joined by the Germantown Troop commanded by Capt. Eighter [Biter].643 Other corps of cavalry will join the line of march, which will be taken up at 10 o'clock. "J. SMITH, Commandant. "feb. 21 [1811]." The following account of this event is preserved:—644

"WASHINGTON'S BIRTH DAY ... In his Godlike form PRUDENCE and VALOR had so deep engrav'd Each her respective attribute, that each Did strive for mastery.—At his birth WISDOM AND VIRTUE did preside, and nam'd, In happiest hour, their offspring WASHINGTON.

' i This natal Day, so dear to the Memory of every un- contaminated American, was celebrated in this city on Friday last, with the usual military and festive honors. Notwithstanding the extreme inclemency of the weather {a snow storm prevailing all day) several military companies paraded in great strength. Among these we noticed with pleasure the first and second City Troops The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 67 of Cavalry, genuine disciples and worthy followers of the maxims of that Immortal Hero whose nativity they commemorated. " Among those who partook of the gratification of the day, the Society of the Sons of Washington,645 honored with the presence of several distinguished fellow citizens, sat down to a sumptuous entertainment prepared with great elegance and profusion, by Mr. Eenshaw of the Mansion House Hotel. The room was brilliantly decorated with appropriate transparencies, and in the evening a full length resemblance (a transparency) of their ever to be lamented Father was placed in front of the Hotel. The badge of Membership, which is worn suspended on the breast, consisted of an excellent miniature likeness of Washington, set in gold accom- panied with suitable inscriptions. A full band of music in the adjoining room contributed greatly to the pleasure and hilarity of the day.'' "The Second City Troop of Light Horse,646 after parading with the regiment in honour of the day, as- sembled at the new Masonic Lodge,647 where an excellent dinner was provided by Mr. Barnum. The following toasts were drank, interspersed with excellent songs. "The Memory of Washington! A character unex- ampled in the history of ancient or modern times—A name uttered with pride, gratitude and veneration, by every true American! the tear which falls into our cup, embitters the draught! Dead March. i' The United States—Their original dimensions were sufficient for all the purposes of freedom—let us rather hold firmly, than grasp rashly. 3 cheers. "The constituted authorities of the government. "The State of Pennsylvania. "The Army. "The Navy. "The Militia—'Union and Valour are happiness and safety'—Motto of the Troop. 9 cheers. 68 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 4' The Memory of the departed heroes of the revolu- tion. Dead March. "The Constitution of the United States. May those who overthrow the fabrick, perish under the ruins. 3 cheers. "The people of Spain—Heaven nerves the patriots' arm. "Josiah Quincy—The prophet of Massachusetts. Let the warning voice in the wilderness be heard. "Our friends in the adjoining room—Lasting har- mony and good fellowship between the troops—9 cheers. [Here occurred an interchange of civilities with the First Troop.] "France and England—In the scale of negociation, should our rights be made to kick the beam, let our swords be thrown into the balance. 9 cheers. (Toast sent from Col. Wharton)—"Should the storm that darkens the European continent reach our peace- ful shores, the first regiment of Pennsylvania cavalry will be among the first to arrest its direful ravages. "Our Judiciary—bold, upright and enlightened— Equally invulnerable to the assaults of powerful vice, and the attempts of party rage—in their exaltation, they will reign like Aurelius, and, should they fall, it will be to 'bleed like Socrates.' "Our brethren in arms of the associated troops. "(After Col. Wharton had retired from a visit to the troop)— "Our worthy Colonel—May a brave leader be bravely followed. " (At this point a Committee from the Society of the Sons of WASHINGTON was introduced; who deliv- ered an appropriate and eloquent communication on behalf of the society—and a very polite toast with which the Society had honoured the troop. It was as follows:—'The Second City Troop:—They have our regard as Citizens, our respect as soldiers.'—After ex- The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 69 pressing the thanks of the troop the following toast was given by the commandant, and received with three times three.) "The Sons of Washington—success to the principles of their association—and health and prosperity to all who venerate the illustrious Character from whom the Society takes its name. "[After the gentlemen of the Committee had retired; a deputation of three officers waited upon the society, at the Mansion House Hotel; with an address from the troops, and proposed to the Society the following toast.] "An harmonious union of military and civil life— Emblematick of that great Man who was crowned with the wreath which entwined the olive of peace with the laurel of war. "[Before the standard was lodged.]—The standard of our troop—the rallying point in the hour of danger. 3 times 3." On March 30, 1811, after lying over for a year, the Legislature of the State passed an Act organizing the Cavalry of Philadelphia into a regiment.648 The sec- tions of this Act especially referring to the cavalry branch of the service are as follows:—649 "Sect. xvii. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, that from and after the passage of this act, the cavalry within the said city and county of Philadelphia shall be formed into a regiment to be No. 1, which regiment shall be officered in the following manner; that is to say, there shall be one colonel commandant, one lieutenant-colonel, two majors, and a regimental staff, to consist of one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, and one surgeon's mate; one sergeant-major, and one quarter- master-sergeant ; which staff shall be appointed by the field-officers of said regiment, who shall give a certi- fied copy to each person so appointed, signed by a ma- jority of them; Provided always, That whenever there 70 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry shall be twelve or more troops of cavalry in the said city and county, any six of the said troops may or- ganize themselves into a separate regiment, to be officered in like manner. '' Sect, xviii. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, That as soon as two hundred and forty shall be enrolled in said regiment, and notice thereof given in writing to the inspector of the first brigade of the said city and county, it shall be his duty to hold elections for field-officers in such regiment, as brigade inspectors are required to do in other regiments in this commonwealth. "Sect. xix. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, that as soon as the election of the said field-officers shall be determined they shall with the least possible delay divide the aforesaid regiment into squadrons, each squadron to consist of two troops or companies, each troop to consist of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one cornet, four sergeants, four corporals, one farrier, one saddler, and one trumpeter or bugler, and at least thirty privates. "Sect. xx. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, That it shall be the duty of the majors of the aforesaid regiment to attend and superintend the election of the company officers of their respective squadrons or troop in like manner in all re- spects as are required of other majors within this commonwealth; and each and every officer or private be- longing to said regiment, shall furnish himself with a good and serviceable horse, of at least fourteen hands and a half high; and shall uniform, arm and equip himself in every respect as is by law required of troopers to do in this commonwealth; Provided always, That nothing in this, or any former act contained, shall be construed so as to alter the uniform of any troop or corps now organized. "Sect. xxi. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, That the regiment of cavalry so The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 71 formed shall exercise and train in regiment, squadrons and companies, on each and every day, and in like manner as the other militia of this state are by law required to do under the like fines, forfeitures and penal- ties for non-attendance and other breaches of law as the militia of this state in similar cases are liable to. "Sect. xxii. And be it further enacted by the au- thority aforesaid, That the aforesaid regiment shall not be compelled to exercise or train with any other of the militia of this state or any other state, except in actual service, and shall have power to make and carry into effect such by-laws, rules and regulations for the discipline and exercise of the troops composing the said regiment as the commissioned officers or a ma- jority of them shall agree upon; provided such by-laws, rules and regulations shall be compatible with the constitution and laws of the United States and of this state." The closing section of this act had the effect of de- taching the cavalry troops from the infantry regiments to which they had up to this time been attached for the purpose of out-door drilling. No time was lost by the Philadelphia troopers after the enactment of this Bill. On April 9th appeared the following notice:—650 61 CAVALBY. "The commissioned officers of the respective corps of Cavalry of the city and county of Philadelphia, are requested to meet at Barnum's hotel, Market-street on Thursday the 11th inst. at 4 o'clock P. M. when the law lately passed by the Legislature directing the organization of a regiment of Cavalry will be laid before them. "BOBEBT WHABTON, "Colonel Commandomt of the Associated regiment. "april 9 [1811]." 72 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry In the meantime the regular troop drills were continued, as the following Troop order indicates:—651

" TROOP ORDER. "The Second Troop of City Light Horse will meet compleatly equipped, at the Parade in Chestnut above Schuylkill Eight [15] street, on Tuesday [16th], next at 2 o'clock. "By order of the Commandant, c' SAMUEL ALLEN, "Orderly Sergeant. "April 13 [1811]." Before the election of the regimental officers, which was decided upon at the meeting of April 11th, it was most important that the vacancy in the Second Troop be filled. Lieutenant Cadwalader had commanded the Troop since the previous summer, but he had not as yet been officially elected captain. This vital step was taken, however, on April 22d, the date from which the actual captaincy of Thomas Cadwalader dates. The meeting for this purpose was called by Captain Whar- ton, of the First Troop, as is shown by the following notice:—652 'c CAVALRY. "An adjourned meeting of the Commissioned Offi- cers of the Second Corps of Cavalry of the City and County of Philadelphia, will be held at Barnum's Hotel, Market-street, this afternoon at 4 o'clock. "ROBERT WHARTON, Chairman. "april 22 [1811]." This important duty having been accomplished, the call for the Eegimental election quickly followed:—653

"ATTENTION! "FIRST REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. "Notice is hereby given to the members composing the first regiment of Cavalry of the city and county of Philadelphia, that an election will be held at the City The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 73 Hall [State House], on Monday, the 29th of April inst. then and there between the hours of 10 and 5 o'clock of the same day to elect by ballot, one Colonel commandant, one Lieutenant-Colonel and two Majors. "DANIEL SHAEP, "Brigade Inspector. "april26 [1811]." On this occasion the following officers were elected:—654 Colonel Robert Wharton. Lieutenant-Colonel John Smith. First Major Caleb Hughes.655 Second Major Samuel Mifflin.656

CHAPTER XXII. THE DEDICATION OF THE RADNOR MONUMENT. The important matter of the organization of the Regiment having been consummated, the military affairs of the city settled into their customary routine as far as the troubled state of public affairs would per- mit. The first troop drill, after the election of Cap- tain Cadwalader occurred on May 6, 1811, in response to the following notice:—657

" TROOP ORDER. "The Second Troop of Light Horse will meet completely equipped, at the Parade in Chestnut-street, on Monday next [May 6] at 2 o'clock. "By order of the Commandant. c i SAMUEL ALLEN, "Orderly Sergeant. "May 3 [1811]." The interest taken in the regimental organization and the determination of those concerned to make it a military success is manifested by the repeated drilling engaged in by the officers apart from the men and by the participation of the Eegiment in the frequent 74 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry sham battles or "military fetes" of this period. One of the latter events took place on May 6, in the morning, according to the following general and division orders:—658 "GENERAL ORDERS. "On Monday, the 6th day of May instant, precisely at 9 o'clock in the morning, the Uniform Corps of Militia, of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are to participate in a Military Fete, will assemble in the following order, viz. '' The first, or offensive Division, under the command of Major Lewis Eush, will form in Broad-street, the right on Arch-street, displaying to the north. "The second or defensive divison under the command of Colonel George Bartram, will form on the left of the first.—The Cavalry will be under the imme- diate command of Col. Jno. Smith, and are to be dis- posed of as he may direct. The Artillery will be appor- tioned to each division, conformably to the orders of Major Ebenezer Ferguson.659 "Majors Daniel Sharp, Peter Christian,660 and Wil- liam Duncan, are appointed aids-de-camp for the day, and are to be respected accordingly. "JOHN STEEL, Commander in Chief. "May 1 [1811]."

DIVISION ORDERS. "Conformably to General Orders, the second Divi- sion of Uniformed Corps of the city and county of Philadelphia will assemble on Monday next [May 6], at 7 o'clock in the Morning, forming on the left of Major Bush's Division, in the following order: "CAVALEY—such as may be ordered by Col. John Smith. "EIFLE—Captns. Fiss Hoffman Norton The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 75 "ARTILLERY—Those ordered by Major [Eben- ezer] Ferguson. " INFANTRY—Independent Blues, Lieut. Mitchell. American Blues, Capt. Meeker. Benevolent Blues, Capt. Reed [Read]. Moyamensing Blues, Capt. Binney. Washington Fuzileers, Capt. Boyle. Capt. Dedeer. Philadelphia Volunteers, Lieut. Baker. "The whole to be provided with 24 rounds blunt cartridge. 'l The staff to consist of the following officers: "Col. Saml. Erwin and Major Robert Carr to command the two sub-divisions. "Capt. G[eorge] W. Bartram 661 and Lieut. West- phall, Adjutants. "Dr. Samuel Benezet, Surgeon. "GEORGE BARTRAM, " Commandant of the Second division. "May 2 [1811]." The field of battle on this occasion was the west side of the Schuylkill River near the Upper Ferry bridge. The attack was made by crossing from Fairmount. The first of the officers' drill of the First Cavalry Regiment took place on May 13 and the second on May 16, conformably to the following orders:—662

"ATTENTION. "The Commissioned and Staff Officers of the first Regiment of Cavalry, of the City and county of Phila- delphia, are requested to attend a special meeting of the Board, to be held at Barnum's hotel, Market-street, on Friday the 10th inst. at 4 o 'clock, P. M. "The Commissioned, Staff and non-commissioned officers of the first Regiment will attend drill, eom- pleatly equipped, on Monday the 10th inst. at 2 o 'clock, 76 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry P. M. on the vacant ground near Spruce and Schuylkill Front [24th]-street. "ROBERT WHARTON, Colonel commandant. "May 9 [1811]." "ATTENTION.663 "The Commissioned, Staff and non-commissioned Officers of the First Regiment of Cavalry of the City and county of Philadelphia, will attend drill, compleatly equipped, on Thursday the 16th inst. at 3 o 'clock, P. M. on the vacant ground near Spruce and Schuylkill Front-[22d] Street. "ROBERT WHARTON, Colonel Commandant. "may 14 [1811]." Four days later occurred the first parade of the newly organized Regiment:—

"ATTENTION.664 "The first Regiment of Cavalry of the City and County of Philadelphia, will parade completely equipped, each member to provide nine rounds of blank cartridge, on Monday the 20th inst. at 10 o 'clock, A. M. on the vacant ground near Spruce and Schuylkill Fourth-[19th] street. "The Quarter Master of each Corps will provide ra- tions for their respective troops, as the regiment will be kept on duty during the day. "The Regimental Staff Consists of the following officers who are to be obeyed as such: "Adjutant AARON DENMAN;665 Quarter master, CURTIS CLAY [Jr.]; Paymaster, JAMES STEEL;666 Surgeon, Dr. ELIJAH GRIFFITH;667 Serjeant major, WILLIAM T. SMITH;668 Quarter- master Serjeant, JACOB FRYBURGH. "ROBERT WHARTOIST, Colonel. "May 16 [1811]." The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 77 The first mention of Thomas Cadwalader as Captain occurred' in the Troop order issued, on May 17, for the Eegimental parade:—669

"TKOOP ORDERS. ' * The Second Troop of Light Horse, will meet, completely equipped, on Monday next [May 20], at half past 8 o'clock, A. M. at the parade in Chestnut-street. By order of the Captain. "SAMUEL ALLEN, Orderly Sergeant. "May 17 [1811]." Following this parade the members of the Troop participated in the customary dinner. The most noteworthy local military event of the year 1811 was the dedication, on June 5, of the monument erected by the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati over the grave of Major General Anthony Wayne at Radnor, Pennsylvania. This function was participated in by the cavalry troops of Philadelphia, as is shown by the following notices:—

"ATTENTION.670 "The Commissioned and Staff Officers of the First Regiment of Cavalry of the City and County of Phila- delphia, will attend a special meeting at Barnum's hotel, Market-street, on Thursday the 30th inst. [of May] at 4 o'clock, P. M. preparatory to the Regiment accompanying the monument to be erected to the memory of the late GENERAL WAYNE. "By order of the Colonel. "may 29 [1811]." Two days later the notice of the Society of the Cin- cinnati appeared:—671 "Philadelphia, May 30th, 1811. ' ' The Committee of Arrangement, appointed by the Society of the Cincinnati, to superintend the erecting of the monument to the memory of Major General 78 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry ANTHONY WAYNE, beg leave to notify the uniformed corps of Cavalry, and such of their fellow citizens as purpose to attend the ceremonial, that the pro- cession from the city to Radnor Church,672 will move on Wednesday morning next the 5th June, at 6 o'clock, from the house lately occupied by Mr. Peter Evans, in Market-street, near the Permanent Bridge. "FRANCIS JOHNSTON, Chairman." The Regimental notice was as follows:—673

"ATTENTION. "The First Regiment of Cavalry, of the City and County of Philadelphia, will parade completely equipped, on Wednesday the 5th instant, at half past five o'clock in the morning in Market-street near the Permanent Bridge, displaying eastwardly, in order to accompany the Monument, which the Society of Cin- cinnatti [sic], have so honourably dedicated to the Memory of the Brave and Intrepid Major General WAYNE, to Radnor church. It is confidently expected that a full display of the Regiment will take place on this interesting occasion, exhibiting by our conduct, a negative to the often Repeated declaration, that iRepublics are ungrateful.' The Regiment will re- turn the same evening. "By order of the Colonel. "AARON DENMAN, Adjutant. "June 1 [1811]." Finally, the Troop notice appeared:—674 "TROOP ORDERS! "The Second Troop of Light Horse will meet completely equipped on Wednesday morning [June 5] at 5 o'clock, in Market-street near Schuylkill. "By order of the Captain. "SAMUEL ALLEN, "Orderly Sergeant. "June 3 [1811]." The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 79 REFERENCES

688 American Daily Advertiser, Feb. 18, 1811. 030 Ibid,, Feb. 21, 1811. 640 Swarm's Manege, now at the Center House Garden, but which later in this year was moved to the corner of Tenth and Arch Streets. ^American Daily Advertiser, February 21, 1811. 642 James Harvey's Inn, at first called The Wigwam or The Lemon Tree, was a notable tavern in the district of Spring Garden (the pres- ent 13th Ward of Philadelphia). It was situated on the west side of 6th Street, and extended from Noble to Buttonwood Street, and west- ward nearly to 7th Street. William Wray was the first keeper of the Wigwam (so called because it was the headquarters of The Tammany Society, a prominent Democratic organization). James Harvey became the proprietor in 1811. The Lemon Tree was the headquarters of butch- ers and drovers, and was the scene of political meetings, ox-roasts and Fourth of July dinners. It was subsequently known as BrowneVs Inn.—Scharf and Westcott, vol. II., p. 983. 648 Michael Riter (born June 7, 1772; died June 25, 1845), was Cap- tain of the Germantown Troop for a number of years, and in 1800 is recorded as proprietor of the inn, "sign of General Macpherson," in Germantown. He was the father of Col. George W. Riter. 644 American Daily Advertiser, February 27, 1811. 645 This is the first mention we find of the Washington Benevolent Society, whose home, Washington Hall, was on Third Street above Spruce, and whose objects were both patriotic and beneficial. The next year it became incorporated as The Washington Beneficial Society, and on February 22, 1812, celebrated its first Anniversary. In 1814, the Secretary was John C. Montgomery, Orderly Sergeant of the Washing- ton Guards. The Washington Benevolent Society included the most distinguished Federalists of the day and exercised considerable influence in political and official life. The Washington Association, another society organized in 1811, died in 1834, or shortly before that year. ^American Daily Advertiser, Feb. 26, 1811. 647 In 1807 the Masons (whose hall was situated on Filbert Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets), purchased from William Wain a tract of ground on the north side of Chestnut Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, upon which they erected a building which was both handsome and ambitious for that epoch. It was 82 feet wide and 169 feet deep, of marble and brick, with a wooden steeple 180 feet high, rising from the center of the roof. The corner-stone was laid on April 17, 1809, and the building dedicated on June 24, 1810. The Hall was burned down on March 9, 1819, but was immediately rebuilt without the steeple. The new Hall was dedicated on Nov. 1, 1820. It was sold to the Franklin Institute in 1835, but reverted to the Masons in 1852. 648 Schwrf and Westcott, vol. I., pp. 550, 551. Also Journal of the Twenty-first House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania, 1810. 80 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry

649 Unpublished Laws of Pennsylvania, 1812, vol. V., p. 246. Recorded in Law Book No. XII., p. 409. 660 American Daily Advertiser, April 9, 1811. 651 Ibid., April 13, 1811. 652 Ibid., April 22, 1811. ™Ibid., April 26, 1811. 664 American Daily Advertiser, May 8, 1811; Scharf and Westcott, vol. L, p. 551. 655 Caleb Hughes, tailor, son of Caleb Hughes (who was made a Mason on August 28, 1754), lived, in 1791, at No. 197 North Second Street. On November 18, 1784, he was married, in Old Swedes' Church, to Mary Haerth, and subsequently to Elizabeth W. (died August 24, 1823). In 1780, he was a private in Captain Daniel Beck's Company of the Seventh County Battalion. In 1785, he was a private in Captain Conrad Rush's Sixth Company, Fourth Battalion, Col. William Will. He was commissioned Lieutenant of the Sixth Company, Fifth Philadelpha Bat- talion, on September 21, 1787. In 1794, he was a private in the Second Company, Fifth Philadelphia Regiment, Colonel Nichols. In 1810, he was Captain of the First County Troop. Later in that year he is recorded as Major Hughes, in command of the Third or County Troop. On April 29, 1811, he was elected First Major of the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Cavalry. He died on April 11, 1816. 650 Samuel Mifflin (originally Samuel Mifflin Francis) was the son of Colonel Turbutt Francis (born June 24, 1740) and Sarah Mifflin (married, in Philadelphia, on September 26, 1770), and the grandson of Tench Francis and Elizabeth Turbutt, and of Colonel Samuel Mifflin (died, in Reading, Pa., on May 14, 1781), who, in 1775, was Captain of an Association Battery Company, and Rebecca Edgehill. He was born in Philadelphia, on June 13, 1776, and subsequently assumed the name of Mifflin in compliance with the will of his maternal grandfather, whereby he inherited the plantation "Walnut Hill." On March 21, 1800, when 24 years old, he was married, in Christ Church, to Elizabeth, daughter of Manuel E. Davis. He was a cousin of Thomas Willing Francis, and became a member and an officer of the Second City Troop. On April 29, 1811, he was elected Second Major of the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Cavalry. He died in Philadelphia, on March 24, 1829, aged 53 years, and was buried in St. Peter's churchyard. He was sur- vived by his wife, his sons—Francis, Barry, Charles (born July 19, 1805; married on January 1, 1835, to Mary Crowinshield; died in Bos- ton, December 9, 1875), and Henry—and his daughters—Sophia (married Edward Gardiner, of Boston), Virginia, Eugenia (married James Newman), Fanny, and Matilda Francis (married, in St. Peter's Church, on July 19, 1845, to Thomas G. Tan Bur en). His will was witnessed by John Hare Powel. 657 American Daily Advertiser, Friday, May 3, 1811. 658 Aurora, May 4, 1811; also, Scharf and Westcott, vol. I., p. 551. 659 Ebenezer Ferquson, of Southwark, was born in 1754. From 1784-86, he was a matross in Captain Derrick Peterson's Seventh Artillery Com- The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 81 pany, Colonel Joseph Marsh; and in 1787-88, bombardier in Captain John MorrelFs 8th Artillery Company, Col. Thomas Mifflin. In 1794, he was First Sergeant of the Fourth Company of the Artillery Eegiment, Col. Mifflin; on Monday, September 15, 1794, he was elected Second Lieutenant of that Company, and served in the Whisky Insurrection; on Saturday, April 4, 1795, he became First Lieutenant; on Saturday, December 3, 1796, Captain Lieutenant; and, on Friday, April 21, 1797, Captain of the Fourth Company of the Artillery Regiment. In 1796, he was executor of the estate of Ann Corly. In April, 1800, he was promoted 2d Major of the Artillery Regiment. In 1801, he was a member of the Committee of Arrangements to commemorate March 4 as a day of public festivity because of the success of Democratic principles. In October, 1804, he was Vice-President, at a dinner given at Vogdes' Inn, to celebrate Democratic victory. In 1811, he is recorded as Major of the First Battalion of the Regiment of Artillery. On October 4, 1811, he was Lieutenant Colonel of this Regiment, and was succeeded in command of the Regiment in 1814 by John Hare Powel. In 1814, Col. Ferguson was a member of the famous Committee of Defense of Phila- delphia. In 1804, and for many years thereafter, he is recorded as Jus- tice of the Peace for Southwark. He was an active Mason. In 1821, he was Head Inspector of lumber in Philadelphia. He died in Phila- delphia, on Friday afternoon, June 2, 1837, at his residence, No. 63 Shippen [Bainbridge] Street, in the 83d year of his age, and was buried on June 5. 660 Peter Christian, biscuit baker and a Whig, was the son of Frederick Christian, biscuit baker, who arrived from Rotterdam on August 24, 1749, on the ship Elliot, Captain James Adams; and who, on April 9, 1772, was married to Elizabeth Hodgkinson, in Christ Church. In De- cember, 1776, Frederick Christian lived in Moravian Alley and was a private in Captain Wills' Company, First Philadelphia Battalion. On Feb. 6, 1781, he was private in Captain Thomas Willis's First Company, 5th Battalion in active service. In 1784—87, he was a private in the Seventh and Eighth Companies, First and Third Philadelphia Battalions, Col John Shee, In 1789, he was in the artillery. In 1791, he was located at No. 127 North Front Street. He was related to Matthew Christian, who died on September 3, 1758. Peter Christian, was born in 1774. In 1794, he was a private in the Seventh Company, Fourth Philadelphia Regiment, Col. Andrew Guyer, and served in the Whisky Insurrection. He was married, by Bishop White, on May 2, 1801, to Theresa (born in 1774; died Tuesday, October 15, 1839, in her 65th year, at their residence, No. 87 North 3d Street), daughter of Ben- jamin Scull. In 1801, he was an officer in the old Militia Legion; and for many years he was one of the Alderman of the city. He died on February 17, 1846, in his 72d year. 661 George Washington Bartram, son of Moses Bartram (born June 16, 1732; died December 25, 1809) and Elizabeth Budd (married July 10, 1764; died July 9, 1807), daughter of Thomas and Rebecca Budd, of Mt. Holly, New Jersey; and grandson of John Bartram, the botanist, and VOL. LIV —6. 82 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry Ann Mendenhall; was born in Philadelphia on November 17, 1784. In 1805 he married Anna Maria Baker (born Sept. 24, 1787; died Feb. 28, 1856), daughter of George Adam Baker and Ann Catherine KMng, by whom he had six children. He was a manufacturing chemist, living in Philadelphia and subsequently in Chester, Pa. In 1811, he was a Cap- tain in the 50th Regiment, P. M., and Adjutant of the Second Division of the city troops in the sham battles of that year. In May, 1835, he was one of the Commissioners of the Delaware County Branch Rail Road Company. He was in charge of the Tinicum Lazaretto in 1837, where his son, HENRY BARTRAM, died toward the close of that year. George W. Bartram died at Chester, Pa., on July 8, 1853, when in his 69th year. He was a man of wealth and influence, and the Rector's Warden of St. Paul's Church, Chester. His children were Catharine (born February 9, 1806; died January 28, 1844); Henry (born De- cember 28, 1807; married Catharine Hart; died December 8, 1837) ; Alzira (born May 22, 1810; died in 1821) ; Georgiana Maria (born July 31, 1814; died January 30, 1815); another Georgianna Maria (born February 6, 1817; married November 8, 1837, Robert Evans Hannum, who was born December 10, 1805, and died February 15, 1893. —son of Samuel Hannum and Susanna Pennell; died October 23, 1875) ; and Pocahontas (born August 29, 1829; married September 22, 1859, James Skerritt; died October 23, 1875). 662 American Daily Advertiser, May 9, 1811. ™Ibid., May 14, 1811. m*Ibid., May 16, 1811. 665 Aaron Denman, an ancestor of W. A. Newman Dorland, of the Second City Troop, was the fourth child of Matthias Denman (born February 13, 1751; died January 24, 1841) and Phebe Baldwin (born March 31, 1752; died January 14, 1833) ; and grandson of Philip Den- man 2d and Sarah Crane. He was born in Philadelphia on October 9, 1778, and became a successful commission merchant. In 1837, he was recorded as a "gentleman" residing at No. 6 Monroe Place (Locust Street). He was a member of the Hibernian Society, and also of the Fourth City Troop. On May 16, 1811, he was appointed Adjutant of the Regiment of Cavalry by Colonel Wharton, which office he held until April 25, 1812, when he was succeeded by William T. Smith. Subse- quently to 1838 he removed to the old Denman homestead (built in 1720) at Springfield, New Jersey, where his wife, Elizabeth Mulford (born in 1781; married in March, 1799), died on Monday, November 11, 1844, aged 63 years. Aaron Denman died at the home of his son, Matthias Baldwin Denman (born April, 1804), at Quincy, Illinois, on February 15, 1855, aged 77 years, and was buried at that place. His son, Matthias Baldwin Denman, was elected a member of the First City Troop on May 13, 1822, and resigned on October 5, 1829. He was married in April, 1825, to Sarah, daughter of Charles Atwater. He carried on the commission business at No. 57 South Wharves, where he was located in 1838, with his home at No. 6 Monroe Place. Subsequently he removed to Quincy, Illinois. Aaron Denman also had two daughters, Anna Maria (born February 23, 1800) and Phebe Smith Denman (born The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 83

February 23, 1802). Aaron's brother, Samuel Denman (born July 2, 1774), was married on December 10, 1801, to Anna Maria Hampton (born in 1783; died October 4, 1818, aged 35 years), daughter of Colonel Hampton. In 1812, he was a private in the Third Troop. He died in Philadelphia on September 8, 1816, in his 43d year, Matthias Denman, of Springfield, his father, acting as security for his executor. 668 James Steel, Jr., was a flour merchant at No. 21 South Wharves and No. 180 South Front Street. 667 ^jiijaJiJ^ciffith, son of Abel Griffith, a farmer and Seventh Day Bap- tist of Chester County, Pennsylvania, and Margaret Bramer, was born in East Nantmeal Township, Chester County, Pa., on September 18, 1769. He received his early education in the County of his birth. In 1794, when 25 years old, he served during the Whisky Insurrection as Quarter- master of a volunteer company of the Pennsylvania Militia. In 1786, he was a private in Captain Adam Esler's First Company, First Bat- talion, Colonel Francis Gurney (the Fifth Company, Third Philadelphia Eegiment, Col. Samuel McLean). In 1797-98, he attended the medical lectures of Dr. Benjamin Rush; entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1802, and graduated in medicine on June 6, 1804, when 35 years of age, his inaugural dissertation being an "Essay on ophthalmia or in- flammation of the eyes," which was published in Philadelphia by Max- well in 1804. For seven years, from 1805 to 1812, he served as a member of the Board of Health of Philadelphia. He was one of the pro- motors, and, from 1810 to 1814, a Director of the Bank of the Northern Liberties (organized March 6, 1810). In 1814, the Legislature at Lan- caster granted a charter to the Bank with the privilege of issuing notes. At this time Dr. Griffith's connection with the Bank ceased. He was a member of the Fourth City Troop from August 3, 1807; and, on May 14, 1811, he was commissioned as Surgeon of the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Cavalry of Philadelphia, and retained this office until the disbanding of the Regiment. He is still recorded as a private in the Fourth Troop during the War of 1812-14. On September 10, 1815, when 46 years of age, he married Ann Isabella (born in Salem County, New Jersey, December 22, 1787; died in Salem, New Jersey, March 20, 1847, aged 60 years), widow of James McCurach, of Philadelphia, and daughter of Thomas Sharp, of Salem, New Jersey, by whom he had eight children. He was a member of the Philadelphia Medical Society (founded by Dr. John Morgan, Dr. Gerardus Clarkson and others in 1766 or 1767) ; in 1819, was elected a member of Select Council of Philadelphia; in 1821, was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (instituted January 2, 1787; constitution amended No- vember 6, 1787; library begun in June, 1788; incorporated March 26, 1789) ; and he was also a member of the Welsh Society of Philadelphia. In 1823, he was Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Peace Society. He was a Baptist by faith, and, in 1815, united with the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia. Dr. Griffith practised his profession con- tinuously in Philadelphia until 1834, when he retired from active work, at the age of 65 years and moved to Salem, New Jersey. While in active practice he wrote a number of papers, of which the following are 84 The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry preserved:—"Manuscript notes from Dr. Rush's lectures taken in 1797-98," and a reprint from the "American, Medical Recorder/9 1829 (vol. 15), of an article entitled "Observation of fevers, etc." Dr. Griffith died in Salem, New Jersey, on July 4, 1847, aged 78 years.—Informa- tion obtained from his grandson, Foster Conarroe Griffith, of Trenton, New Jersey. 668 William T. Smith, merchant, of Christiana, Delaware, was the son of William T. Smith, Sr., a leading Quaker City merchant of Revolu- tionary times. He studied law; married Ann Wager (born in 1788; died May 12, 1809), daughter of Philip Wager (born in 1748; died May 12, 1813); became Adjutant of the Cavalry Regiment in May, 1811; was elected a member of the First City Troop on July 4, 1812, and was made an Honorary Member of the Troop in 1814. He died at Neury Farm, Delaware, on September 10, 1839, and was buried from the residence of his son-in-law, John Miles, No. 3 Monroe Place (Locust Street above Washington Square). His son, William T. Smith, (born in 1804), became an attorney-at-law, and died of consumption, at his father's house near Darby, on December 14, 1837, aged 33 years. His daughter, Hannah Wager Smith, on June 30, 1829, married John Miles, and their infant daughter Julia Wager Miles, died on September 23, 1833. Wil- liam T. Smith, Jr.'s sister, Mary Smith, was born March 10, 1770, and died in 1820. 868 American Daily Advertiser, Friday, May 17, 1811. 870 American Daily Advertiser, May 29, 1811. 671 Ibid., May 31, 1811. 872 St. David's Church at Radnor, Radnor Valley, is in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, about midway between Devon and Wayne. The boundary line separating Delaware County on the north from Chester County on the south runs through the graveyard of the church. The land was ceded to the Welsh by William Penn in 1684, and the church is named after the Patron Saint of Wales. Religious services were at first held in the homes of the more prominent settlers in Radnor Valley, and it was not until 1714 that it was decided to build a church. On May 9, 1715, the foundation was laid, and the walls first erected are still standing with certain additions and changes. Thus, the vestry- house was built in 1767, and in 1771 a gallery was erected, that on the south wall being removed in 1830. During the Revolutionary War the church was somewhat damaged by marauding soldiers. In 1786, through the efforts of the Rev. William Currie, then rector, the church was ad- mitted to the Diocesan Convention of Pennsylvania; but it was not incorporated until 1792. The first record of a confirmation in the church was made in 1820, when the church was 105 years old. In 1896, Old St. David's church in Wales sent over to the Radnor church a stone taken from its own walls, graven with a cross. This stone is now in the wall of the Radnor church immediately over the old doorway. 878 American Daily Advertiser, June 1, 1811. 674 American Daily Advertiser, June 3, 1811. (To be continued.)