Poster Session 3 - Themes 2, 4 and 5 14:00 - 14:45 Thursday, 17th October, 2019 Liffey B (Level 1) Presentation type Poster presentation

There are 5 poster presentations in the poster session. The posters are numbered as P3-Station Number-Presentation Number e.g. P3-32-02 refers to the second presentation at Station 32. The timings for all poster presentations within the session are as follows and these timings will be adhered to, even in the event of a poster withdrawal: Presentation 01: 14:00 - 14:07 Presentation 02: 14:08 - 14:15 Presentation 03: 14:16 - 14:23 Presentation 04: 14:24 - 14:31 Presentation 05: 14:32 - 14:39

P3-20-01 Effect of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on brain health of the child at 11 years: the FASSTT Offspring trial

Aoife Caffrey1, Kristina Pentieva1, Helene McNulty1, Pramod Gaur2, Joel B Talcott3, Caroline Witton3, Anthony Cassidy4, Marian McLaughlin4, Diane J Lees-Murdock5, Rachelle E Irwin5, Colum P Walsh5, Girijesh Prasad2 1Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom. 2Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, United Kingdom. 3Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. 4Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom. 5Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom

Abstract

Periconceptional folic acid (FA) has an established role in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs), leading to global recommendations for FA supplementation before and in early pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether there are any benefits for offspring brain health arising from continued maternal FA supplementation beyond the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of maternal folate nutrition during pregnancy in relation to cognitive performance and brain function in the offspring at 11 years. The children of mothers who had participated in a randomised trial of Folic Acid Supplementation in the Second and Third Trimesters (FASSTT) were investigated, providing a unique opportunity to examine offspring brain health in relation to maternal folate (the FASSTT Offspring trial; n=68). Cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth UK Edition (WISC-IV). The WISC-IV measures Full Scale IQ and specific domains of cognitive performance: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory and Processing Speed. Brain function was measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a subset of the child participants (n=33). The results showed no significant difference in Full Scale IQ between the children of mothers who had received folic acid versus placebo during pregnancy (P=0.993). Processing Speed subtest scores were however significantly higher in the folic acid group compared with placebo (Symbol Search: P=0.046 and Cancellation: P=0.011). The application of MEG analysis showed that at rest, there were differences in brain functioning with significantly lower overall power at Broad band [1–48Hz] (P=0.041) and a trend (not significant) towards lower power in all other frequency bands (Theta, Mu, Beta, Low Gamma and High Gamma) in children from the FA group compared with placebo. Results for the responses to the language task (congruent and incongruent sentences) in children from the FA group showed significantly lower power within the Theta band [4–8Hz] and significantly higher power within high frequency bands i.e. Beta [13–30 Hz] and High Gamma [49–70 Hz]. This suggested more efficient language processing abilities in these children compared to children of mothers in the placebo group. The findings provide scientific evidence that continuing FA supplementation beyond the periconceptional period that is protective against NTDs, may be beneficial for brain health in the offspring. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that MEG is a useful tool for objective assessment of functional brain activity in healthy children in response to nutrition intervention. Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-20-02 Pre and postoperative deficiencies in iron, ferritin and B12 vitamin among portuguese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Mariana Santos Lopes1, Bruno MPM Oliveira2,3, Olga Neves2,4, Diva Melim5, Paula Freitas6,7, AMTCO Group5, Flora Correia1,5 1Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal. 2Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 3LIAAD, INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal. 4Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Porto, Portugal. 5Centro Hospitalar São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal. 6Departamento de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal. 7Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization obesity it's the result of an abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation, which presents a high risk for the health. Bariatric surgery appears as an alternative to the conventional treatment for the morbid obese individuals. However, this type of intervention causes changes in the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, which may lead to the development of nutritional deficiencies in patients, in particular anemia. Aim: To evaluate micronutrient deficiencies in patients submitted to bariatric surgery in preoperative and postoperative periods, in particular iron, ferritin, and B12 vitamin. Methods: In this longitudinal study, we evaluated, retrospectively and prospectively, patients who attended the nutrition appointment at a central hospital. We completed a preexisting database containing anthropometric and biochemical data, adding biochemical data, at various periods: pre at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 30th and 36th months post-surgery. Results: from the 121 patients submitted to bariatric surgery, 79,3% were female. The prevalence or iron deficiency reached 15%, ferritin deficiency reached almost 10% and B12 vitamin deficiency reached 18%. Furthermore there were deficiencies in other nutrients, e.g., vitamin D, magnesium and zinc. There was more than 85% adhesion to take the multivitamin supplementation and frequent use of specific supplementation. Conclusion: The prevalence of nutritional deficiencies is high, with a tendency to persist over time even with use of multivitamin supplementation, leading to the need for complementary supplementation, in particular to prevent the risk of anemia. Hence, periodic and long term monitoring is fundamental. Key words: obesity, bariatric surgery, nutritional deficiencies, anemia, supplementation

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-20-03 The effect of consuming boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate on glycated haemoglobin and BMI in overweight adults.

William Crowe1, Judith Baird2, Christopher McLaughlin2, Padraigin Harnedy3, Dick Fitzgerald3, Finbarr O'Harte2, Philip Allsopp2, Emeir McSorley2 1Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Ireland. 2Ulster University, Coleraine, Ireland. 3University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Abstract

Boarfish (Capros aper) is an underutilised pelagic fish species found in abundance in Irish waters. Research previously undertaken has shown a favourable effect of boarfish derived protein hydrolysate (BFH) consumption on glycaemic control in diabetic murine models. This study aims to investigate the effect of daily BFH consumption on glycated haemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) in overweight human participants. A randomised parallel placebo-controlled human intervention study was undertaken to investigate the effect of consuming BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks. Participants (n=40) that met the following inclusion criteria were recruited; aged between 18-65 years, non-smoker, not currently pregnant or lactating, BMI > 25.0 kg/m2, free from illness. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either BFH or cellulose capsules for 12 weeks. Measures taken at baseline and post-intervention (week 12) included fasting measures of: glycated haemoglobin, glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin as well as lipid profile. Height and weight were also recorded at both timepoints. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for baseline values as well as other covariates (age & BMI), was used to compare differences between groups over time. Consumption of BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks had no significant effect on glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein compared with control. No significant difference in glycated haemoglobin change over time (P=0.123) was noted following consumption of placebo (2.5% increase) in comparison to those consuming the boarfish treatment (1.5% reduction). This study showed that 3.5g of BFH per day did not elicit an effect on any of the markers of metabolic health. Previous studies investigating the effect of protein consumption on metabolic health have used higher concentrations than were utilized in this study, however using similar concentrations in this study was not plausible given the lack of organoleptic acceptability of the BFH. Addressing the organoleptic properties of BFH may enable future studies to increase the dose of BFH to a level that may be more efficacious than the current study.

Conflict of Interest no P3-20-04 The adipose-derived Nerve Growth Factor is associated with abdominal obesity in prepubertal and pubertal children

Pilar Argente Arizón1,2, Azahara Iris Rupérez1,2, Concepción Aguilera3,4, Rosaura Leis5,4, Mercedes Gil Campos6,4, Ángel Gil3,4, Luis Alberto Moreno1,4, Gloria Bueno7,4 1Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 2Health Research Institute of Aragón (ISS Aragón), Agroalimentary Institute Of Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Granada; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain. 4Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain. 5Galicia Nutrition, Growth and Human Development Research Unit, Pediatric Department; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS);, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 6Paediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMBIC),, Córdoba, Spain. 7Paediatric Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Abstract

Introduction Obesity is known to be associated with a low-grade inflammatory state. Most studies reporting inflammation in obesity have been done in pubertal children or adults or have focused only on the relation between body mass index (BMI) and the classical inflammatory markers. Nerve growth factor (NGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (MCP-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are adipokines previously shown to be involved in the inflammatory context of obesity and metabolic syndrome but few studies have been conducted in children. Objective To evaluate the association between NGF, MCP-1, HGF with total and abdominal adiposity and in prepubertal and pubertal children. Methods 889 children participated in a prospective obesity case-control study (50.2% males, 72% prepubertals, 27% overweight and 43% obesity), paired by age and sex. The relationship between total fat (assessed using the BMI, the sum of skinfolds thickness (SF) and fat mass index (FMI) from bioelectrical impedance analysis and waist circumference as a surrogate marker of abdominal obesity) and plasma concentrations of MCP-1, HGF, and NGF was studied in prepubertal and pubertal children. Linear regression analysis for prepubertal and pubertal children, adjusting for age, sex and center was used. Results NGF was associated with WC, with a stronger association in prepubertal than in pubertal children. MCP-1 was positively associated with WC, SF, FMI and BMI in pubertal children whereas HGF was positively associated with WC and BMI only in prepubertal children. The strongest associations were between WC and NGF (β 0.123 95%CI 0.133, 0.709; p<0.001) in prepubertal children and WC and MCP-1 (β 0.123 95%CI 0.438, 2.035; p<0.001) in pubertal children. Discussion Total and abdominal adiposity are related to plasma concentrations of adipokines in prepubertal and pubertal children with obesity. Adipokines such as NGF, HGF and MCP-1 have not been so well studied so far in obese children. Particularly, NGF was associated with WC and BMI in prepubertal children and with WC in pubertal children. The association between this neurotrophin, secreted by adipose tissue and involved in the development and survival of sympathetic neurons, with adiposity, especially in prepubertal children, could suggest an anti-inflammatory mechanism and thus be a potential therapeutic target. Conflict of interest None

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest

P3-21-01 Fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by three dietary assessment methods in regard to sex, age, BMI and socio economic status

Andrea Straßburg, Carolin Krems, Ingrid Hoffmann Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany

Abstract

Introduction: A comparison of means of food consumption assessed by three different dietary assessment methods (diet history interviews [DHI], 24h-recalls [24HR] and weighing food records [WR]) used in the German National Nutrition Survey (NVS) II showed higher consumption means in 7 out of 18 food groups for DHI compared to 24HR and WR. Especially for food groups perceived as socially desirable such as fruit and vegetable means were highest for DHI. In the following, it is examined whether differences in fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by three different dietary assessment methods are related to sex, age, body mass index (BMI) or socio economic status (SES). Methods: A subgroup of 677 participants of the NVS II (2005-2007, 14-80 years of age) completed all three dietary assessment methods. DHI covered the food consumption of the past month, 24HR of the previous day and WR two times four days. Body height and weight were measured. SES was defined as an index based on the household income, employment status of the household's principle earner, and education level of the participant. The Multiple Source Method was applied to estimate population distributions of usual intakes based on two 24HR. Confidence intervals were calculated on basis of bootstrapping samples. Differences are considered to be significant if confidence intervals do not overlap. Results: For vegetable consumption, all subgroups regarding sex (male, female), age (14-18 years, 19-24 years, 25-34 years, 51-64 years, 65 years and older), body mass index (<25 kg/m², 25-30 kg/m², >30 kg/m²) and SES (5 groups from 1= lower to 5=upper SES) showed higher means for DHI compared to 24HR and WR. For fruit consumption, in almost all subgroups higher means for DHI compared to 24HR and WR could be found, except for the age group 19-24 years and the lowest SES group. Discussion: The results show that higher means in fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by DHI compared to 24HR and WR are independent of sex, age, BMI and SES. A reason why socially desirable foods like fruit or vegetables are stated in higher amounts by DHI may be the enormous cognitive task of participants necessary to estimate quantities and frequencies over the long period of time covered by DHI.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-21-02 The development of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess diet quality in UK adolescents

Sarah Shaw1,2, Sarah Crozier1, Sofia Strommer1,2, Hazel Inskip1,2, Mary Barker1,2, Christina Vogel1,2 1MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. 2NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom

Abstract

UK adolescents have poorer diets than other age groups. Improving adolescents’ diets has the potential to improve their health now and in later life, and the health of their future offspring. Established dietary assessment techniques can be difficult to use with adolescents due to high participant burdens. Robust and easy-to-implement techniques are required to assess adolescent diet in large-scale studies. This study aimed to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns in UK adolescents for use in a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary data, collected using 4-day diet diaries, and nutritional biomarker data from waves 1-8 of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme were used. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 139 food groups to identify the key indicator foods that contribute most to better quality dietary patterns. A 20-group diet score was calculated using coefficients for the 20 indicator foods from the 139-group PCA and multiplying by their standardised reported frequency of consumption. Scores were standardised to a mean of zero and a standard deviation (SD) of one. The association and the agreement between the 139-group diet quality score and 20-group score were calculated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman limits of agreement, respectively. Spearman’s correlations were used to examine the associations between the two diet quality scores and nutritional biomarkers. NDNS dietary data were available for 1282 boys and 1305 girls aged 11-18 years. The first PCA component explained 3.0% of variance in the dietary data. A high-quality diet was characterised by greater consumption of fruit, vegetables, beans and pulses, wholegrains, nuts, and tap water, plus lower consumption of sugar- sweetened beverages, chips, processed meats, white bread, crisps, whole milk, baked beans, and added sugar. A correlation of 0.86 was observed between the full 139-group score and the 20-group score with the difference between being 0 SDs. Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement were -0.98 to 0.98 SDs. Correlations, in the expected direction, were seen between the 139-group score and all nutritional biomarkers (25- hydroxyvitamin D(rs=0.14), vitamin C(rs=0.30), total carotenoids(rs=0.25), total serum folate(rs=0.42), homocysteine(rs=-0.25) and vitamin B12(rs=0.21)). Correlations with the 20-group score were only slightly attenuated. The 20-group diet quality score showed reasonable agreement with the full 139-item score. Both scores were correlated with nutritional biomarkers. A short 20-item FFQ can provide a meaningful and easy-to-implement tool to assess diet quality in adolescents.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-21-03 Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intake in healthy older adults

Charlotte Neville, Michelle McKinley, Frank Kee, Ian Young, Chris Cardwell, Jayne Woodside UK CRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Abstract

Accurate assessment of dietary intake in older populations is important for determining the role of diet in healthy ageing. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a commonly used dietary assessment tool, however there is limited evidence regarding its utility for accurately assessing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in older adults. The objective of this study was to validate FV intakes estimated from the FFQ used in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) against a food diary (FD). A dietary validation study was conducted in a sub-sample of 95 participants (45 males, 50 females, aged >50 years) from NICOLA. Participants were asked to complete a FFQ and 4-day FD (reference method) at two time- points (Month 0 and Month 6). Self-reported FV intakes were compared between methods using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, examining the percentage of participants classified into the same or adjacent quartile of FV intake, weighted kappa and Bland-Altman plots. Median fruit, vegetable and total FV intake were significantly higher in the FFQ than the FD at both Month 0 and Month 6 (all p<0.001). Significant positive correlations (all p<0.05) were observed between the FFQ and FD estimates of FV intake at both time-points (Month 0, r = 0.57, 0.50 and 0.49 for fruit, vegetables, total FV, respectively; Month 6 r=0.56, 0.42 and 0.50, respectively). When FV intakes were classified into fourths (based upon quartiles of total FV portions by FD or FFQ), 80 % and 79 % of participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartile at Month 0 and Month 6, respectively. Weighted kappa indicated a fair-moderate agreement between the two methods for FV intake (weighted kappa = 0.35 and 0.37 at Month 0 and Month 6, respectively). Bland-Altman plots showed that, as FV intake increased, there was a widening in limits of agreements, between the FFQ and FD. There was also a significant positive correlation noted between total FV intakes reported at Month 0 and those reported at Month 6 (r = 0.70, p<0.001). Over-reporting of FV intake was evident with the FFQ compared to the FD, however, the results showed good comparability between the methods in being able to rank older adults according to their FV intake. An additional analysis of FV biomarkers obtained from this sample will provide a more objective assessment of FV intake by each method.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-21-04 Nutritional knowledge and practice preliminary results of the nationally representative study on nutrition of Polish population, (National Health Programme 2016-2020)

Iwona Traczyk1, Wioleta Respondek1, Dorota Szostak-Węgierek2, Filip Raciborski3, NPZ-WUM study group https://dieta.wum.edu.pl/zespol-npz-14 1Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 2Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 3Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 4Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Improper nutrition is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases. The presented study is a part of the Polish population representative epidemiological studies on the diet and nutritional status, the identification of food-related diseases risk factors, the physical activity level, nutritional knowledge level, and health inequities, implemented under The National Health Program 2016-2020, financed by the Ministry of Health. The speech will present selected preliminary study results of 1,471 respondents (709 aged 19-64 (A); 762 aged 65+ (B) carried on since December 2018 to December 2018 from planed representative Polish population (each groups: 2000 respondents). Presented data was collected on the basis of nutrition assessment (food frequency questionnaire (KomPAN), 24 hours recall - 2 days - interval of at least 3 days), identification of diet-related diseases risk factors (body weight, body height, waist and hips circumferences estimation, 2 blood pressure measurements), physical activity (the accelerometer, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and the nutritional knowledge level (KomPAN). Statistical analyses: SPSS program (version 25.0), data on diet composition assessed in DIET 5.0. Excessive body mass occurred in 63.9% respondents (A: 51.3%, B: 72.3%), obesity - in 16.7% A and 35.3% B participants. The average diet energy value was: A- 2035 kcal (2452 in men, 1745 in women), B - 1933 kcal (2283 in men, 1705 in women). The percentage of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate was similar in both groups: around 14%, 34% and 50% respectively. Good nutritional knowledge was found in 39.5% individuals from group A and 42.8% from group B, the average knowledge level was diagnosed in 57% and 53.8% respondents respectively. Knowledge about proper nutrition did not mean proper nutritional choices. Vegetables were eaten a few times per day only by 36.8% A and 30.4% B respondents with good nutritional knowledge, milk and cottage cheese consumption declared 8% subjects from each group and fermented dairy products 11% A and 13% B participants. It is worth pointing out that 50% respondents with good nutritional knowledge ate fish less than once a month. Preliminary analysis shown that the prevalence of excessive body mass in Poland is very high, the high number of obese people aged over 65 is especially disturbing . The detailed analysis of nutritional status, data on physical activity and the occurrence of diet-related diseases among the subjects, planned to be presented during conference, will give the possibility for creation of effective preventive action, which improve the public health in Poland.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-21-05 Food Frequency Questionnaires: Are they appropriate for foods that are consumed irregularly, such as eggs?

Emmy van den Heuvel, Jane L Murphy, Katherine M Appleton Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

Abstract

Eggs tend to be eaten irregularly, e.g. they are often eaten as a standby for unplanned meals, and have been reported to be eaten as a treat or on special occasions. This intrapersonal variation may impact the accuracy of measuring the habitual intake of eggs. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often validated for nutrients but not foods, and may not be suitable for measuring the consumption of individual foods. The validity of measuring the consumption of specific foods can be particularly affected for foods with a greater within-person variation. Moreover, FFQs rarely include a detailed intake measure of eggs, and often do not include eggs in mixed dishes. With epidemiological studies focussing on individual foods to assess associations between foods and diseases, it is important to consider the accuracy of dietary assessment methods in measuring intake of individual foods.

In the current study we compare egg intake data from a validated FFQ and egg intake data from an FFQ specifically designed to measure egg intake. Both questionnaires were completed by a sample of 100 community-dwelling healthy older adults, which included 54 females and 46 males, with mean age 70 (SD=7) years. Both FFQs had a similar layout, but the validated FFQ section on egg intake consisted of three questions on egg intake, while the egg FFQ included 18 preparations of eggs, including mixed dishes.

Mean monthly egg consumption for the validated FFQ was 16 (SD=13) eggs, while the egg FFQ showed an egg intake of 22 (SD=16) eggs per month, suggesting under- or over-reporting on one or both measures. Although the mean values are noticeably different, validated FFQ egg intake correlates strongly with egg FFQ intake (r=.773, p<.001).

National Diet and Nutrition Survey data indicates that British older adults (65 years +) consume 33g of eggs/egg dishes per day, the equivalent of 16-17 eggs per month. This means that the validated FFQ egg intake of 16 eggs per month is more similar to the NDNS data. However, FFQs generally tend to overestimate food intake compared to diet records and the validated FFQ is validated for the total nutrient intake, not for individual foods. With only three questions and without including mixed dishes, the validated FFQ may under- estimate intake of eggs, while the egg FFQ may be more comprehensive. More research is needed to explore the most appropriate methods for measuring intakes of foods that are irregularly consumed, such as eggs.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-22-01 The reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns

Orla Prendiville1,2, Aoife E McNamara1,2, Lorraine Brennan1,2 1Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 2Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

A person’s dietary intake consists of multiple foods eaten as part of a meal as opposed to any one single food/nutrient. Therefore, it is important to understand the interactions between foods and how they affect diet- disease associations. As a result, dietary patterns have emerged as important tools in nutrition research. The objective of the current study is to assess the reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns across four different time-points. Anthropometric measurements were taken from a subset of participants of a free-living cohort study (n=94), followed by the administration of a 24-hour dietary recall once a month, for four months. The dietary data was entered into dietary analysis software, Nutritics, by two researchers independently, and cross-checked. Foods were assigned to one of 33 predefined food groups, which were further collapsed to 18 food groups based on previous research. Statistical analysis was then performed on the final dataset. Intra- class correlation coefficients were derived to assess the reproducibility of each food group across the four time-points. Variables were standardized using z-scores and dietary patterns were derived using K-means cluster analysis. Stability was assessed by coding participants into one of six groups based on their dietary pattern transition between visit one and four. Analysis of this sub cohort revealed that the intake of food groups (% energy contribution) was reproducible across the time-points. The majority had good to very good agreement, with vegetables and vegetable dishes having the strongest agreement (ICC=0.831) followed by milk and yogurts (ICC=0.773), fruit and fruit dishes (ICC=0.729), and breakfast cereals (ICC=0.680). Two distinct dietary patterns were identified at each time-point; a ‘Healthy’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ dietary pattern. The ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern was characterized by a significantly higher energy contribution (p < 0.05) from the following food groups – vegetables and vegetable dishes; fruit and fruit dishes; milk and yogurts; breakfast cereals; butter, spreading fats and oils. The analysis on stability demonstrated 42% of participants remained in the same dietary pattern, while 58% transitioned from one dietary pattern to the other. Our results to date demonstrate that two distinct dietary patterns can be derived across multiple time-points using cluster analysis and the food group composition of these dietary patterns can be considered reproducible. Future work will explore these dietary patterns further incorporating the entire cohort and linking stability to health parameters.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-22-02 Weight status and weight satisfaction in relation to energy intake underreporting in older adults: 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo

Lais Duarte Batista, Natasha Aparecida Grande de França, Ana Carolina Barco Leme, Regina Mara Fisberg Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight satisfaction are important factors related to energy intake underreporting in younger adults. However, few studies have explored that relation in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these factors in a sample of older adults who tend to underestimate their energy consumption. Sample included 40 older adults (57.5% male), with mean age of 68.8±5.94 years old, who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil. Their total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by doubly labelled water technique. BMI was classified according to Pan-American Health Organization and individuals categorized as being or not being overweight/obese. Energy intake (EI) was assessed with two 24-hours dietary recall. Ratio of EI:TEE was used to identify misreporting considering 95% confidence intervals. Chi- Square and t test were used considering 5% of significance level. Sixty percent were classified as under- reporters, 30% as plausible reporters, and 10% as over-reporter. Over-reports were excluded from analysis. Overweight and obesity were higher in under-reporters compared to plausible reporters (75% and 25%). Fifty- eight percent of under-reporters were dissatisfied with their weight. Although weight status was associated with weight satisfaction (p<0.01), no significant difference was found for BMI (p=0.76) comparing to plausible and under-reporters. Weight satisfaction was not associated with energy misreporting (p= 0.64). Even though these factors may be related to underreporting in adults, this association was not found among older adults. Results showed the importance of further studies to explore factors that might interfere in underreporting in this population.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-22-03 May Body Adiposity Index be used as adiposity diagnostic marker?

Jadwiga Hamulka, Magdalena Górnicka, Urszula Nasuta, Joanna Frackiewicz, Agnieszka Białkowska, Małgorzata Drywień, Anna Ciecierska, Monika A. Zielinska Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is the method of determining body fat content based on anthropometric measurements, proposed as an alternative to the BMI. Due to the fact that the hip circumference is taken into account in calculating BAI, it is suggested that this index better reflects the differences in women and men obesity than BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association between BAI and other adiposity indices such as WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), sum of skinfolds, or adiposity tissue measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FM-BIA) among adults, independence of sex and age. The study group consisted of 336 adults (59% women, 41% men) aged 18-70 years, which was divided into two groups: 18-45 years (57%) and >45 (43%) to further analysis. All anthropometric measurements: height (H), body weight (BW), WC, hip circumference (HC) skinfolds thickness were taken according to the standardized procedures, with light clothing and without shoes twice and averages were calculated. BIA was performed under standardized conditions according to the manufacturer's protocol (Maltron BioScan 920 ver.1.1). BAI was calculated as [HC (cm) / H (m)1.5 -18]. Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between BAI and adiposity indices. BAI was positively associated with sex, age, BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI, sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds and WHtR for all subjects, but the strongest with FM-BIA (β=0.787, p<0.001), BMI (β=0.696, p<0.001) or WHtR (β=0.625, p<0.00001) for total group. BAI correlation with BW, WC, FM-BIA, BMI or WHtR were stronger in women than in men, both for the total group and regards to age. The identified set of correlates explained (for above variables) 30-79%, of the total variation in BAI for women, and 15-49% for men. The stronger BAI correlation with sex was found in the older group (>45 years old) than in younger (β=0.582, p<0.00001 vs. β=0.372, p<0.00001). In men aged >45 years, stronger BAI correlations with the sum of 4 or 5 skinfolds were observed. The correlation between BAI and BW in men was weaker than in women regardless of age (β=0.364, p<0.00001 vs. β=0.762, p<0.00001). Considering strong correlation between BAI and fat content (FM-BIA), BMI, WHtR, WC and BW in women, it seems that BAI may be used to determine the content of adipose tissue or as a diagnostic marker, but in men its using need further research.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-22-05 Plasma and Tissue Bioavailability and Blood Pressure Lowering Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Commonly Eaten, Naturally Enriched, Foods.

Alice Stanton1,2, Kathleen Shortall1, Thora El-Sayed1, Margaret Brennan1, Fahad Buskandar1, Fiona O'Donovan1,2, Kirstyn James1, Jean Kennedy2, Heather Hayes2, Bronagh Owens2, Alan Fahey3, Niall Pender4, Niamh Moran1, David Williams1, Eamon Dolan1 1Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 2Devenish Nutrition, Belfast, United Kingdom. 3University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 4Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

Greater consumption of oily fish, and elevated plasma levels of the long-chain marine-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been strongly and consistently associated with a reduced incidence of heart attacks, strokes, cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease and cancers. Despite international guidelines recommending eating oily fish at least once per week (>250mg/day DHA and EPA), many people do not eat fish, and only a small minority of the world’s population have optimal omega-3-PUFA plasma and tissue levels. Hence, in this project, we studied the bioavailability and blood pressure lowering effects of recently developed alternatives to oily fish, namely chicken-meat and eggs naturally enriched with algae-sourced omega-3-PUFAs. This was a double-blinded, controlled, randomised trial. Using a 2X2 factorial design, 161 healthy participants were randomized to eat at least 3 portions/week of omega-3-PUFA enriched (or control) chicken-meat, and to eat at least 3 omega-3-PUFA enriched (or control) eggs/week, for 6 months. Compared to control foods, eating enriched eggs, enriched chicken-meat and the combination for 6 months, resulted in plasma EPA increments (μg/g) of 3.1[2.8], 8.8[2.9]* & 4.7[2.9], plasma DHA increments (μg/g) of 5.1[3.7], 9.3[3.8]* & 13.1[3.9]*, and omega-3-index (sum of EPA+DHA as a percentage of total fatty acids in erythrocytes, %) increments of 0.9[0.3]*, 0.7[0.4]* & 1.5[0.4]*, respectively. Mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, mmHg) declined with the enriched foods 0.3[1.3]/-0.2[1.0], -0.7[1.4]/-1.4[1.0], & -1.9[1.4]/-2.9[1.0]*, respectively. Data provided as mean difference[SEM], and * denotes p<0.05. Regular consumption of omega-3-PUFA enriched chicken-meat and eggs resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant increases in plasma and red cell levels of DHA and EPA. Both plasma and red cell bioavailability were similar to those previously described for oily fish. Furthermore, blood pressure, an important biomarker of cardiovascular health, decreased in those eating the omega-3-PUFA enriched foods. Omega-3-PUFA enriched chicken-meat and eggs offers consumers an attractive additional alternative to eating oily fish. Unlike many lifestyle interventions, long-term large population health benefits are not dependent on willingness of people to make long-lasting dietary changes, but on the widespread availability of a range of inexpensive, commonly eaten, naturally enriched foods.

Conflict of Interest

Author Disclosure Information: Alice V. Stanton : Employment; Significant; Devenish Nutrition. Ownership Interest; Significant; Devenish Nutrition.

Kathleen Shortall: None. , Thora El-Sayed: None. Margaret Brennan: Ownership Interest; Significant; Devenish Nutrition. Fahad Buskandar: None. Fiona O’Donovan: Employment; Significant; Devenish Nutrition Kirstyn James: None. Jean Kennedy: Employment; Significant; Devenish Nutrition Heather Hayes: Employment; Significant; Devenish Nutrition Bronagh Owens: Employment; Significant; Devenish Nutrition Alan Fahey: Research Grant; Modest; Devenish Nutrition. Niall Pender: None. Niamh Moran: None.

David Williams: None. Eamon Dolan: None. P3-23-01 The modulation of pulse’s cell wall integrity throughout processing: implication on in vitro starch hydrolysis of a gluten-free bread

Nicoletta Pellegrini1, Elena Vittadini2, Tommaso Ganino1, Eleonora Carini1, Nicoletta Pellegrini1 1Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. 2School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy

Abstract

Pulses are trending upward as a functional ingredient in gluten-free (GF) bread to decrease the use of starchy ingredients and to improve products’ nutritional profile. Pulses may be added in GF bread formulation after having undergone pre-treatments (e.g. soaking, cooking, milling, splitting and dehulling) that may differently affect the cell wall integrity and, consequently, nutrients’ accessibility during digestion. Cell wall integrity of seeds is a key factor in modulating nutrients accessibility, such as starch digestibility, but this effect has not been assessed when pulses are used as functional ingredients in complex matrices. Therefore, the present work aims to investigate the effect of pre-processing on pulses’ cell wall integrity as well as verify their effect on technological and nutritional quality of pulse-supplemented GF bread. Whole hulled red lentil (RL) and cannellino bean (CB) were selected based on the thickness of their cell walls (i.e. RL: thin; CB: thick) and were subjected to various physical and thermal pre-treatments. Afterwards, microscopic characterization, technological and thermal properties of the processed pulses were performed to determine the impact of processing on cell structure intactness (i.e. to identify intact cells and fractured cells). Processed flours (ground and sieved) and pastes (cooked and mashed) of pulses were included in GF rice- based bread to improve the technological and nutritional quality. Physicochemical features and starch hydrolysis of formulated bread types were determined. Based on the obtained results, processing was the major factor influencing cell wall intactness, mainly the degree of starch gelatinization within intact cells. Both the technological and thermal properties of the processed pulses were significantly influenced by the level of severity of pre-treatment (i.e. duration and temperature of the pre-treatment and milling degree). Both pulses were successfully included in GF bread formulation resulting in a softer product with reduced starch accessibility. Differently processed pulses had a different effect on starch hydrolysis of GF bread but, still, the results suggest that intact cell wall provided an effective barrier that can limit the starch in vitro digestibility even in a complex food. Ongoing works are looking into the effect of processing in limiting the gelatinization of starch encapsulated within the intact cells in order to reduce starch digestion.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-23-02 Food composition and labelling data: for the benefit of Slovenian public health

Maša Hribar, Igor Pravst Nutrition institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract

In Slovenia food monitoring system has been established in 2011 with the purpose of data collection on food labelling including product name, company, brand, list of ingredients, nutritional values, packaging volume, price, allergens, information on health and nutritional claims, presence of symbols or children-targeted marketing, and EAN barcode. Data collection is carried out periodically in grocery retailers and covers the majority of Slovenian market. Such food monitoring system is of great importance because nutrition public health problems can be tackled with different approaches. Firstly, indirect impact on consumers with support to policy makers, food industry regarding to food reformulation and contribution to scientific community. With such monitoring system nutritional data on prepacked items is collected and tracked trough years, therefore it is possible to observe trends in nutrient content in food group or in specific product. Recently in Slovenia some food producers took (voluntary) responsibility pledges and commitments, e.g. to reduce sugar content of some products, and with data from previous years, it can be observed if these voluntary actions are having any impact on foodstuff available in markets. At the same time, this monitoring system was an important part of changing the food policy in trans fatty acids limit in Slovenia. With this system it was possible to provide support data on presence of industrial trans fatty acids in Slovenian grocery stores, and policy makers could base the new national regulation on this data. And now, as this policy is fully in place, monitoring system can assist to evaluate the degree of compliance. Secondly, direct influence on consumers behaviour and education can be observed. A mobile application VesKajJes (VKJ; Engl. tr. “Know what you eat”) was developed and this food monitoring system database is the main source of data. This mobile application enables consumers to scan EAN code and the application immediately shows the profile of selected food item. The app colours sugars, fats, saturated fats and salt, depending on its content into colours of traffic light. With this visual and simply understandable traffic light system, consumers can easily choose food with ‘better’ nutrient profile. Subsequently, food database will be updated by consumers with the support of crowd-sourcing data collected with this mobile application, and it will serve as additional source of data for further research. In conclusion food monitoring system is an important tool that benefits Slovenian public health.

Conflict of Interest

'There is no conflict of interest'. P3-23-03 Defining statistical measurement levels of Intuitive Eating with the Rasch Rating Scale Model

Hanis Gani1,2, Peter Ho1, Caroline Orfila1 1School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin , Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

Intuitive eating is an intrinsic ability to moderate the amount and type of food, promoting a healthy diet and self-regulation of one’s own weight. Different instruments (IES-H, IES-T, IES-2) have been developed to assess intuitive eating between different population groups from different countries. The construct validity and invariance of the 23-item Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) has been widely validated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis. However, these Classical Test Theory (CTT) methods have not always confirmed the same 4-factor structure. Rasch analysis, a Modern Test Theory method (MTT), has been used as an alternative approach to examine the psychometric properties of various health and medical instrument (HADS, KIDSCREEN-52, LANSS, MHRM). One significant difference between CTT and MT is the method of calculating a composite score. A CTT total sore is based on the summation of raw categorical scores, whereas these raw categorical scores are converted to interval-scaled measures into a Rasch composite score. Data was collected from 625 respondents was fitted to the Rasch Rating Scale Model. The data fitted the model adequately, as less than 5% and 1% of absolute standardised residuals were found to be ≥2 and ≥ 3, respectively. A Principle Component Analysis of Rasch residuals (PCAR) was used to determine the unidimensionality of the IES-2 and its subscales, after checking and adjusting for lack of item fit and proper rating scale functioning. PCAR indicated that all 23 items could not function as a single total unidimensional Rasch measure. However, the same item structure for the 4 subscales, originally proposed by Tylka and Kroon Van Diest, was confirmed by PCAR. The relationship between the respondents and the IES-2 items in each subscale could be explained using a Wright map, allowing both to be represented on the same logit scale. Statistical different levels of intuitive eating were determined for each subscale from a table representing the relationship between the lowest and highest possible raw scores and their Rasch measures. Wright maps showed the position of respondents between cut-off lines indicating different statistical levels along each unidimensional subscale of intuitive eating. The majority of respondents were classified into 2 out of 4 levels in the subscale Unconditional Permission to Eat, 3 out of 5 levels in Eating for Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons, 3 out of 5 levels in Reliance on Internal Hunger and Satiety Cues and 2 out of 4 levels in Body-Food Choice Congruence.

Conflict of Interest

'There is no conflict of interest' P3-23-04 Efficacy of different prediabetes program models in improving clinical outcomes in people with prediabetes

Rasha Al-Hamdan1, Dr. Fiona McCullough1, Dr. Amanda Avery1, Dr. Dara Al-Disi2, Dr. Nasser Al-Daghri2 1University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. 2King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Educational programs in general seem to have a clinically significant beneficial effect among the T2DM population in terms of improved glycaemic control. However, few evaluations of interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia (SA) have been undertaken. Objective: The present study evaluates for the first time, the differences in the effectiveness of the different educational programs [intensive lifestyle modification (Group Education Program, GEP), supervised education through social media (WhatsApp Education Group, WEP) and standard care via PHCCs (Control Group, CG)], among Saudi females with pre-diabetes. Methods: This was a 6-month, multi-center, 3-arm cluster, randomised, controlled (1:1:1), multi-intervention study conducted from July 2018 until March of 2019 in Riyadh, SA. A total of 1140 females from SA were cluster randomised equally to three groups, out of which only 253 [N=100 GEP, N=84 WEP and N=69 CG] received intervention. Participants completed questionnaires including demographic, dietary and physical activity data. Anthropometrics, blood samples and dietary intake were collected at baseline and 6 months. A total of 120 [37 CG (age 50.9±7.1 years; body mass index (BMI) 31.6±5.8kg/m2), 40 GEP (age 42.9±12.2 years; BMI 34.8±9.0kg/m2) and 43 WEP (age 43.7±8.1 years; BMI 30±5.1kg/m2)] participants completed the study. Results: Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; primary endpoint) significantly improved in all groups over time, with no difference in between-group comparisons. Between group comparisons adjusted for age revealed a clinically significant reduction in BMI in favour of GEP (p=0.02) post-intervention. A clinically significant reduction was also observed in favour of GEP in terms of weight (p=0.003), waist circumference (p=0.017), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p-values <0.01), triglycerides (p<0.001) and caloric intake (p<0.005) over time. Conclusion: Prediabetes education programs of 6-month duration, whether delivered through an intensive lifestyle modification, social media or standard care, are equally efficacious in improving HbA1c levels among Saudi women with prediabetes, but intensive lifestyle is superior in terms of weight reduction and over-all cardiometabolic improvement.

Conflict of Interest

'There is no conflict of interest' P3-23-05 Glucose, fructose and sucrose in minimally processed potato: Effect of cultivar, tuber storage time and heat treatment

Zdenka Pelaić1, Draženka Dite Hunjek2, Sandra Pedisić1, Maja Repajić1, Dino Jakupec1, Branka Levaj1 1Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia. 2Adria Snack Company d.o.o., Hercegovac , Croatia

Abstract

Recently, popularity of minimally processed potatoes (MPP) is growing as well as other minimally processed fruits and vegetables, due to its convenience and easy preparation, what consumers nowadays prefer. However, these types of products are very perishable, influenced by a number of factors, particularly cultivar and tuber condition. Potato is suitable for a long storage, but certain changes occur in its chemical composition during storage. These changes, among other factors, greatly depend upon cultivar, as well as storage conditions, and consequently affect on MPP durability and quality. Besides, MPP is subjected to heat treatment before consumption, where raw potatoes chemical composition and the way of heat treatment affect the chemical composition of the prepared potato dish. Potato sweetening is known phenomenon that occurs during storage, what negatively affect on health safety of fried potato. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cultivar and tubers storage time, as well as MPP storage time and heat treatment on the sugar content in raw, boiled and fried potatoes. Potato cultivars Birgit and Lady Claire used in this study were stored for 1 and 4 months in warehouse (8 °C /RH 95 %). MPP was produced by washing, peeling, slicing followed by anti-browning treatment (dipping in 2 % sodium ascorbate solution/3 min), draining and vacuum packing in PE/PA bags. After 1st, 5th and 8th day of storage at 10 °C, MPP were boiled and fried. All samples, including raw MPP, were freeze dried and sugar content was determined by UPLC MS/MS. Most abundant sugar was sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose, where cv. Birgit contained slightly higher values of all sugars compared to cv. Lady Claire. Initial sugar content of both cultivars was very low. However, during tuber aging, as well as during MPP storage time, content of individual sugars increased in most of samples, with slightly higher increase in cv. Birgit raw samples. Furthermore, heat treatment affects on sugar composition, since glucose and fructose are generally reduced in boiled and fried potatoes with certain differences depending on the cultivar. Total sugar content of cv. Birgit MPP mostly increased during storage, regardless tuber age and the way of heat treatment, while in cv. Lady Claire samples opposite trend with few exceptions was observed. Generally, cv. Lady Claire has lower and slightly more stable sugar content upon tuber aging, MPP storage time and heat treatment.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-24-01 A smart phone application for increasing fruit and vegetable knowledge and intakes: Development and inital testing

Katherine Appleton, David Passmore, Isobel Burn, Hanna Pidgeon, Philippa Nation, Charlotte Boobyer, Nan Jiang Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

Abstract

Introduction: Previous work suggests low intakes of fruit and vegetables (FV) across the world, poor knowledge of the details of FV recommendations, and associations between the two. This work aimed to develop an interactive mobile phone application (app) to facilitate adherence to the UK 5-a-day FV recommendations, and reports on the findings and feedback from the first test of the prototype. Materials and methods: Requirements for the app were first gained from previous research and potential end- users via four public engagement workshops, and prioritised using the MoSCoW method. A prototype app was then designed and developed using an agile approach. The prototype app was then tested in a randomized controlled pilot trial for impacts on FV knowledge and FV intake. Ninety-four adult volunteers were randomized to either receive (N=50) or not receive the app (N=44) for two or four weeks, and FV knowledge, self-report FV intakes, and FV behaviour (complimentary drink choice), were assessed at study start and study end. App use and feedback were also investigated. Results: Low knowledge of the FV recommendations centred around portion sizes and the need for variety, and an interactive mobile phone app was considered a suitable tool for improving knowledge in a practical manner, that would be available both at time of consumption and outside of these times. Findings revealed improved FV behaviour in volunteers who received the app for two weeks at study end: 16 app users chose a fruit drink, compared to 4 app users who chose a non-fruit drink, where 4 control volunteers also chose a fruit drink and 6 control volunteers chose a non-fruit drink. App users also suggested increased FV intakes, but changes were small, and possibly masked in questionnaire measures. Improvements in FV knowledge (of approx. 10%) were also found, but with no differences between groups. App usage was low and feedback suggested a desire for reminder notifications and a wish to return to the input for a previous day due to forgetting. Increased awareness of low FV intakes was also offered as feedback. Discussion: Our prototype app was well received and of potential benefit. A final version of the app was subsequently developed incorporating the findings and feedback from the pilot test. Improvements in the final version of the app include a message to increase awareness of low intakes and an option to add notifications to increase use. Testing of the final app is now needed.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-24-02 Personalized diet recommendation messages personalized – the user perspective

Floor Sluijter1, Jettie Hoonhout1, Carja Butijn2 1Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands. 2Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands

Abstract

Introduction People often have basic knowledge on what constitutes a healthy diet, e.g. through government communications, and many also have intentions to start eating healthier; but many also fail to actually follow up on their intentions. This can have various reasons, but one reason can also be in the way information about a healthy diet is presented. Personalizing dietary information, by making it personally relevant to the recipient, has been proposed as a potentially impactful strategy. Personalizing the content of feedback on dietary habits (e.g. “your consumption of vegetables is lower than recommended”, “your consumption of sugary beverages is higher than recommended”) has been shown to effectively influence behavior. Studies looking into personalizing the form factor of feedback have shown that this also can be of importance (such as choice of either text or graphics, tone of voice used, preferences in length and detail in messages, frequency of messages). Combining personalizing form factors with personalized content has not been studied extensively yet. When personalizing form factors, one could further consider to personalize these based on identified personal characteristics (e.g. maybe women prefer higher frequency of messages compared to men), or one could ask users to indicate their preferences from a selection of form factors. In this study we opted for the last approach. Our hypothesis is that personalized content and format leads to higher appreciation and increased willingness to adopt a healthier diet than either alone. In this abstract we will describe the study design – the study is running from the last week of March to the first week of April, so we do not have yet analysed the data, but would be happy to present the results at the conference. Materials and methods The design of the study is a 2x2 design: personalized dietary content versus general dietary guidelines, and participant’s choice in form factors versus no choice. The 44 participants, aged between 20-70 (2 males and 9 females per condition) received their messages per email, study lasted one week. Current dietary habits were determined through a questionnaire. Afterwards, their opinion regarding acceptance, appeal, usability, perceived effectiveness of the messages will be collected through surveys and short interviews. Results and discussion Data collection will be completed second week of April 2019, followed by analysis of the results. We would like to present and discuss the results at the conference in October.

Conflict of Interest there is no conflict of interest P3-24-03 Effects of the Digital Game „Fit, Food, Fun“ on Nutritional Knowledge: A Pilot Study among German Children and Adolescents

Sophie Laura Holzmann1, Hanna Schaefer2, Georg Groh2, David Alexander Plecher3, Gudrun Klinker3, Gunther Schauberger4, Hans Hauner1,5, Christina Holzapfel1 1Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 2Research Group Social Computing, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. 3Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures & Augmented Reality, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. 4Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 5ZIEL–Institute for Food and Health, Nutritional Medicine Unit, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

Abstract

Introduction: Serious games are a novel and entertaining approach for digital health education in the younger population. Aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of the serious game “Fit, Food, Fun” (FFF) among a subset of children and adolescents in Germany with regard to nutritional knowledge. Materials and Methods: Two Bavarian secondary schools were each allocated to one intervention arm. The gameplay intervention (gameplay group; GG) consisted of a 15-minute gameplay session for each of three days (Tuesday to Thursday), while the teaching intervention (teaching group; TG) was performed as a 15-minute classic lecture for the same number of days. Given nutritional information was based on the recommendations of the “German Nutrition Society e.V.” and was identical for both intervention groups. Nutritional knowledge was evaluated through a standardised questionnaire at baseline (Monday) and post-intervention (Friday). Lifestyle behaviour (diet; physical activity) and anthropometrics (height; weight) were assessed once at baseline. Inclusion criteria were sufficient German language skills and parental consent form. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software R (R Core Team, 2018). Results: In total, 47 students (62% male) were assigned to the GG and 47 students (72% male) to the TG. The mean age was 13.5 years in the GG and 12.8 years in the TG. The mean body mass index was in the normal range (GG: 24.4 kg/m2; TG: 22.0 kg/m2). Data at baseline and post-intervention are analysed for 36 participants in the GG and for 40 participants in the TG. Compared to baseline, results revealed significant improvements (p-value <0.001) in nutritional knowledge in both intervention groups. There was a between-group difference with significantly (p-value = 0.0139) higher increase of nutritional knowledge in the TG. Discussion: This pilot study provides evidence for the short-term efficacy of both game-based and traditional education approaches on the improvement of nutritional knowledge; however, further research in warranted to assess the potential effect of a digital gameplay intervention on nutritional behaviour. Finally, the FFF game might be considered as an appropriate educational tool for imparting nutritional knowledge in an entertaining and effective format among children and adolescents.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-24-04 Development and implementation of online tools for personalized dietary advice at home or in a clinical setting: Eetscore and NutriProfiel

Michiel Balvers1,2, Mariëlle De Rijk2, Anne Slotegraaf2,3, Jacqueline Klein Gunnewiek1, Jeanne De Vries2 1Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, Netherlands. 2Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands. 3Nutrition & Healthcare Alliance, Ede, Netherlands

Abstract

Introduction It is known that significant proportions of the general public do not meet current recommendations. This may be explained by a lack of knowledge or perceived difficulty trying to adhere to the recommendations. In addition, health professionals, such as general physicians, lack solid education in nutrition, which hampers optimal care and prevention in diet-related disorders. In order to help people and health professionals to improve dietary habits, the Eetscore and NutriProfiel tools were developed and implemented.

Methods The Eetscore tool assesses to what extent daily intake adheres to the 2015 Dutch Food Based Dietary Guidelines developed by the Dutch Health Council. The tool consists of a short online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which is scored with the Dutch Healthy Diet Index. The total Eetscore (including 16 subscores) ranges from zero to 160, with higher scores implying better adherence to the guidelines. Both FFQ and Index have been validated. NutriProfiel is a specific application in which the Eetscore monitors micronutrients. Micronutrient deficiencies are common and diagnosed with blood tests. A deficiency may be explained by poor diet or pathophysiology, which requires different follow-up. Therefore, it is important to include information on dietary intake while interpreting micronutrient blood concentrations. For NutriProfiel, the clinical laboratory information system is coupled to the Eetscore questionnaire. Patients who undergo laboratory testing for vitamin B6, folate, B12 and/or D receive a link to the Eetscore questionnaire. Nutriprofiel combines blood values and dietary intake to generate a dietary advice. The advice contains practical hints to increase micronutrient intake and is reported electronically to the doctor.

Results The Eetscore and NutriProfiel tools have been successfully developed and implemented in 2015, with an increasing number of (clinical) users. The Eetscore has been evaluated and applied for monitoring intake in research, and in medical practices as part of an ehealth platform in health professionals and patients. The NutriProfiel tool has been positively evaluated by its users and is currently available for all requests for vitamin blood analyses coming from general physicians and selected medical specialists (e.g. gastrointestinal medicine, internal medicine).

Discussion Both the Eetscore and NutriProfiel have been successfully developed and implemented for use in both home settings as well as clinical settings. Future perspectives include further implementation of the Eetscore for other clinical disciplines or specific patient populations. For NutriProfiel, future perspectives also include expanding the list of nutrient biomarkers for which a personalized dietary advice can be provided.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-24-05 Technology use during pregnancy: a review of the quality of nutrition information provided by mobile phone applications.

Kathryn Hart1, Michael Harvey1, Bernadette Egan2 1School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. 2School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

Abstract

There are currently 318,000 health mobile applications (apps) available via the major app stores, with new apps appearing at a rate of approximately 200 per day. Pregnancy represents the largest sub-type within the health-related app market, providing a key route via which women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy can obtain health information, and a cost and time efficient alternative to traditional face-to-face healthcare interactions. However the content of these applications, and therefore their ability to facilitate appropriate and safe behaviour change, is largely unmonitored and unregulated. This study aimed to objectively review the availability, affiliation and nutritional content of pregnancy apps, and specifically their adherence to current NICE guidance for optimal nutrition during pregnancy (promotion of Vitamin D and folic acid supplementation, promotion of breastfeeding). Apps (n=68) were retrieved from Googleplay and the Appstore using a keyword search. After exclusions (n=39, non-English, focused on pre- or post-pregnancy, not free to access, non- functional), 29 apps were evaluated using the previously developed Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). The original tool was modified to include additional sub-scales to assess the nutritional content of the apps and to rate their privacy settings. A higher score for each sub scale and for the MARS score overall represents a higher quality application. Median nutrition sub-scale score (out of 5) for all apps was 3 (25%: 2, 75%: 4.5) with folic acid requirements most likely to be covered and breastfeeding least. Over one third of the apps reviewed (38%) achieved a nutrition score ≥4 and 14% (n=4) scored 5 out of 5. Nutrition score was significantly associated with overall MARS score (r=0.615, p<0.01). Total MARS score (out of 5; median 3 (3, 4)) was not associated with platform (android or apple), app rating or affiliation (e.g. Commercial, Government, NGO or academic institution), though sample size was reduced for these secondary variables. Free to access English language mobile phone applications targeted at pregnant women provide a variable quantity and quality of nutrition information. Those adhering more closely to current NICE guidelines for optimal diet in pregnancy are also more likely to be rated higher across other quality domains, however user rating does not predict information quality. This work will be used to direct interventions to improve e-health literacy amongst vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and to design more appropriate applications which are able to more effectively combine usability and acceptability with a robust evidence base.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-25-01 β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucans in disease prevention and health promotion - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Marigoula Vlassopoulou1,2, Adamantini Kyriacou2, Vasiliki Pletsa1, George Zervakis3, Mary Yiannakoulia2 1National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece. 2Harokopio University , Athens, Greece. 3Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Introduction: β-Glucans comprise a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides exhibiting a wide range of biological properties. They are categorized as dietary fibers due to their ability to reach the large intestine undigested and undergo fermentation by gut microbiota, with potential beneficial effects for the host. Aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of consumption of β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucans, naturally found in the cell walls of fungi, on health outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science in order to retrieve studies that investigated the impact of exclusively oral administration of β-(1→3,1→6)-D- glucans to healthy individuals and/or patients in any form, at any dosage. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. Results: Twenty-five RCTs, of the 48 clinical studies retrieved in total, met the eligibility criteria and are included in the present review. The sources of β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucans were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes and the dosage of supplementation ranged from 2.5 to 3000 mg daily for up to 6 months. The main physiological outcome for the majority of the interventions was immunomodulation, which resulted in a) strengthened immune defence that reduces the incidence and symptoms of cold, flu and upper respiratory tract infections in general and b) alleviation of allergic symptoms. However, findings on the induction of immune response alterations were inconsistent at a cellular and molecular level. Another aspect is psychological wellbeing, as the cohorts that received the polysaccharides of interest reported improvement of mood state as well as amelioration of the wellbeing overall, while co-administration with chemotherapeutic drugs enhanced cancer patients’ quality of life and prolonged their survival. Furthermore, supplements containing β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucan induced beneficial changes in body fat mass and abdominal circumference in overweight adults. Notably, no adverse event causally related to the glucans was recorded in any of the trials. Conclusions: Supplementation with β-(1→3,1→6)-D-glucans is well-tolerated and health-promoting properties are manifested primarily through the potentiation of the immune system. More studies are required in order to confirm additional beneficial effects, establish the optimal dose and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Acknowledgments: This research has been co-financed by the EU and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (Call RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE, project code T1EDK-03404).

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-25-02 Dietary vitamin D supplementation improves haematological status following consumption of an iron-fortified cereal: an 8-week randomised controlled trial.

Sohail Mushtaq1, Salma F Ahmed Fuzi2 1University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom. 2Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Vitamin D, a secosteroid, has recently been implicated in the stimulation of erythroid precursors and ultimately the rate of erythropoiesis. However, there are a paucity of randomised controlled trials (RCT), investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation iron status, especially in populations at risk of iron deficiency. An eight- week, double-blind RCT was carried out in 50 female (mean age (± SD): 27 ± 9 years), iron-deficient (plasma ferritin concentration < 20 μg/L) participants, randomised to consume an iron-fortified cereal containing 9 mg of iron, with either a vitamin D supplement (1,500 international units (IU)/day, 38 μg/day) or placebo. The effect of dietary vitamin D supplementation on haematological indicators was investigated. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 4-weeks and 8-week timepoints for measurement of iron and vitamin D status biomarkers. The effect of intervention was analysed with a mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA using IBM SPSS statistical software (Version 21, IBM Corporation, New York, USA). Significant increases were observed in two haematological parameters: haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit level from baseline to post- intervention in the vitamin D group, but not in the placebo group. The increase from baseline to post- intervention in haemoglobin concentration in the vitamin D group (135 ± 11 to 138 ± 10 g/L) was significantly higher than in the placebo group (131 ± 15 to 128 ± 13 g/L) (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in haematocrit level from baseline to post-intervention was also significantly higher in the vitamin D group (42.0 ± 3.0 to 43.8 49 ± 3.4%) compared to the placebo group (41.2 ± 4.3 to 40.7 ± 3.6%) (P ≤0.05). Despite non-significant changes in plasma ferritin concentration, this study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with 1,500IU vitamin D, consumed daily with an iron-fortified cereal led to improvement in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit levels in women with low iron stores. Further long-term studies are required, however, these findings suggest a potential role for improvement of vitamin D status as an adjunct therapy for recovery of iron status in iron- deficient populations.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-25-03 The effect of a low carbohydrate high fat diet on emerging biochemical markers of cardiometabolic risk.

Deaglan McCullough1,2, Tanja Harrison1, Katie Lane1, Lynne Boddy2, Farzad amirabdollahian3, Michael Schmidt4, Kevin Enright1, Claire Stewart2, Ian Davies1 1School of Sport Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 2School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 3School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 4Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Centre, Colorado state University, Fort Collins, USA

Abstract

Worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number 1 cause of mortality and is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Emerging biomarkers such as FGF21 and adiponectin are associated with cardiometabolic risk. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets have been reported to reduce cardiometabolic risk markers; however, few studies have compared a LCHF diet vs. a high carbohydrate (HC), lower fat diet under ad libitum conditions on adiponectin and FGF21. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an ad libitum LCHF vs. HC diet on IR, FGF21 and adiponectin in 16 healthy adults. Ethical approval: Liverpool John Moores University Research Ethics Committee (16/ELS/029); registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Ref. NCT03257085). Participants were randomly assigned to a HC diet (n=8, the UK Eatwell guidelines; ≥50% of energy from carbohydrates) or a LCHF diet (n=8, consume <50 g/day of carbohydrates). All provided plasma samples at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. FGF21 (R&D Systems) was analysed via ELISA and adiponectin, insulin and glucose were analysed via immunoassay technology (Randox Evidence Investigator™ Metabolic Syndrome Arrays I & II). Mann Whitney, Friedmans, Wilcoxon tests and 2x3 ANOVA (IBM SPSS 25®) were undertaken to investigate significant differences between and within groups. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was used to calculate IR. FGF21 significantly (P=0.04) decreased (Mdn, IQR:148.16, 78.51-282.02 to 99.4, 39.87-132.29 pg/ml) after 4 weeks and significantly (P=0.02) increased (Mdn, IQR:167.38, 80.82-232.89 pg/ml) by 8 weeks vs. baseline with LCHF. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between groups. Adiponectin was significantly (P=0.03) different at week 4 only between groups. Adiponectin increased after 4 weeks (Mdn, IQR:13.44, 9.12-25.47 to 16.64, 11.96-21.51 ng/ml) but was only significantly (P=0.03) different by 8 weeks vs. baseline in the HC group (Mdn, IQR:16, 10.8-27.43 ng/ml). Adiponectin remained unchanged (P=0.96) in the LCHF group. HOMA significantly decreased with both diets after 8 weeks only (mean ± SD, LCHF: 2.9 ± 1.3 to 1.8 ± 0.8, HC: 2.5 ± 0.6 to 1.9 ± 0.6, P=0.008) but was not significantly (P=0.60) different between groups. These preliminary data reveal that while both diets improved insulin sensitivity, they may do so by different mechanisms. Future studies are warranted to investigate further, how a LCHF vs. HC diet affects FGF21 and adiponectin, and the subsequent regulation of IR. Furthermore, studies that extend these findings by determining the impact of LCHF vs. HC on peripheral metabolism to determine potential nutrition-mediated mechanisms of metabolic adaptation are warranted.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-25-04 The Effects of Increasing Intake of Intact Wheat Fibre or Wheat Bran on Gut Microbiota Diversity: a Systematic Review

Angie Jefferson1, Katie Adolphus2 1Freelance Dietitian, Bracknell, United Kingdom. 2The Kellogg Company, Manchester, United Kingdom

Abstract

The influence on health of the human gut microbiota is increasingly recognised, however wheat fibre, consumed frequently in Western diets has traditionally been considered inert with regard to gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. We undertook a systematic review (PRISMA methodology) of human intervention studies examining the effects of intact cereal fibres on gut microbiota composition among healthy adults.1 Studies published in the past 20 years were identified on PubMed and Cochrane electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: healthy adult participants, at least one intact cereal fibre (or its sub-fraction) and measurement of faecal microbiota related outcomes. Out of forty studies meeting inclusion criteria, seventeen manipulated wheat fibre/bran or its key constituent arabinoxylans (AXOS), and ten used a whole diet approach with predominantly wheat fibre. Results from these twenty seven wheat fibre papers are presented here. Eight studies provided wheat bran/fibre (ranging from 5.7g-21g/day wheat fibre or 13g-28g/day wheat bran). Three reported significant effects on gut microbiota abundance and/or diversity (both at phyla and species level) and one showed no effect. Six reported significant increases in fermentation metabolites and one reported no significant change. Ten studies manipulated whole day fibre intake (predominantly wheat but also permitting some oats, rye and rice). Wholegrain intake ranged from 80g-150g per day and fibre from 13.7g–40g per day. Six found significant increases in bacterial diversity and/or abundance and five showed significant increases in fermentation metabolites. Two identified that response to high fibre intervention is dependent on baseline gut microbiota richness - those with limited richness exhibiting greater microbiota change over time in response to fibre increase. Two reported no significant effects. Nine studies utilised manipulation of AXOS (2.2g–18.8g per day) with five demonstrating significant increases in target bacterial species and six significant increases in fermentation metabolites. One reported no significant effect to faecal metabolites. This review supports a role for the wheat fibre found in everyday foods (such as bran breakfast cereal of high fibre breads) promoting both microbiota diversity and abundance. While the healthy microbiome is yet to be defined, consumption of a single daily serving of wheat bran fibre appears sufficient to effect gut microbiota fermentation (with demonstrable effects arising from as low as 6g/day), and promote species diversity, with potential benefit to health.However exploration of stability over longer time frames (>12 weeks) is now required.

1. Jefferson A, Adophus K (2019) www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2019.00033/full

Conflict of Interest

AJ received a financial grant from the Kellogg Company Europe to help support the systematic review of the literature reported in this publication. P3-25-05 Metabolic syndrome and perceived quality of life: a case-control study in Ghana

Faith Agbozo1,2, Edith Bannerman1, Senam Klomegah1, Francis Zotor1 1School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana. 2Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which refers to co-occurrence of cardiovascular risks primarily obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia was previously uncommon in sub-Sahara African. But it is increasingly becoming a public health concern heightened by the epidemiological transition associated with excess energy intake, sedentary lifestyles and urbanization. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary, lifestyle and physiologic risk factors associated with MetS and the effect on perceived quality of life. The design was one-to-one age and sex-matched case-control study. MetS was defined as concomitant adiposity, hypertension and diabetes. Cases (n=76) were recruited in the diabetic clinic of a municipal hospital in Ghana while controls (n=76) were recruited in the communities in which the cases lived. Lifestyle habits and physical activity were assessed using a validated lifestyle and habits questionnaire while habitual dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting capillary glucose were measured. Differences between cases and controls were tested using McNemar and paired t-test tests. Crude odds ratio (COR) for MetS was estimated using conditional logistic regression. Mean age of participants was 57.31±5.46 years (range 45-65 years). Females constituted the majority (95%, n=144). Among the cases and controls, lateral obesity (100% vs 60.5%), central obesity (98.7% vs 36.8%), hypertension (90.8% vs 2.6%) and diabetes (72.4% vs 1.3%) differed significantly. Fewer cases (10.5%) consumed diversified and healthy diets compared to the controls (77.6%) (p=0.001). Significant number of cases felt a high risk for illness based on how they assessed their physical health (73.7% vs 2.6%), exercise and fitness regime (88.2% vs 13.2%), nutrition and weight control (14.5% vs 1.3%) and psychological health (19.7% vs 0%). However, none felt socially unhealthy. Lower risk for MetS was found among participants who had at least secondary education (COR:0.17 95% CI:0.04-0.73) and lived in a peri-urban setting (COR:0.22 95% CI:0.09-0.53) while unemployment (COR:9.00 95% CI:1.26-64.35) and central obesity (COR: 48.0 95% CI: 6.62- 147.74) were associated with higher risk. MetS adversely affected general sense of wellbeing of the middle age adults. Obesity was an important predictor. Educational interventions to promote diversification of dietary intakes and enhance weight control are crucial to reduce MetS and could improve the quality of life of those affected. These interventions should be integrated into already existing community-based social support, and health systems.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-26-01 Ultra-processed food intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in a French cohort of middle-aged adults

Bernard Srour1, Léopold K. Fezeu1, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot1, Benjamin Allès1, Caroline Méjean2, Charlotte Debras1, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo1, Eloi Chazelas1, Mélanie Deschasaux1, Serge Hercberg1,3, Pilar Galan1, Carlos A. Monteiro4, Chantal Julia1,3, Mathilde Touvier1 1Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) - Inserm U1153, INRA U1125, CNAM, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France. 2UMR MOISA INRA, Montpellier, France. 3Avicenne hospital APHP - Public health department, Bobigny, France. 4University of Sao-Paulo, Sao-Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

The consumption of ultra-processed foods has been increasing during the last decades, and has been previously associated with increased risks of mortality and several chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study is to assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS:

Overall, 104707 participants aged at least 18 years (median age 41.5 years) from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2019) were included. Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records (5.7/subject in average), designed to register participants' usual consumption for 3300 different food items. These were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risk of type 2 diabetes were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, medical history and nutritional factors).

RESULTS:

Ultra-processed sugary products, fruits and vegetables, and beverages were the highest contributors of the ultra-processed category (respectively 27.9, 18.5 and 15.6%). Ultra- processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of T2D (n=821 incident cases; hazard ratio for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of ultra-processed foods in the diet = 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.25); P=0.0009, median follow-up: 6.0y, 582252 person-years). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for other metabolic comorbidities, for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (red meat and sugary drinks consumption, intakes of saturated fatty acids, sodium, sugar, dietary fiber or Healthy/Western patterns derived by principal component analysis) and after a large range of sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this large observational prospective study, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. These results need to be confirmed in other populations and settings, and causality remains to be established. Various dimensions of processing such as nutritional composition of the final product, food additives, contact materials, and neoformed contaminants might play a role in these associations and further studies are needed to better understand their relative contribution. Meanwhile, public health authorities in several countries recently started to recommend privileging unprocessed/minimally processed foods and limiting ultra-processed food consumption.

STUDY REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03335644.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-26-02 Associations between Dietary Patterns and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort GLCC

Yun Luo, Huilian Zhu Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high mortality worldwide. Nutritional status is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of cancers. Our earlier research has found closer adherence to dietary guidelines for Chinese or Americans may protect against primary liver cancer. However, its role in HCC survivors is still unclear. Therefore, we investigate the associations of the two dietary patterns with prognosis of HCC. We included 887 HCC survivors over 18 y who were recruited to GLCC between September 2013 and April 2017. Dietary quality was assessed by Chinese Eating Index (CHEI) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. Cox regression models were used to estimate multivariable HRs and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause and HCC specific mortality. During a median of 27 months of follow-up, 389 deaths were identified, including 347 from HCC. After multivariable adjustment, CHEI was inversely associated with overall mortality (HRT3:T1=0.71,95%CI:0.54-0.93, P-trend=0.011) and HCC specific mortality (HRT3:T1=0.71,95%CI:0.54-0.93, P-trend=0.015). HEI-2015 was not significantly associated with all-cause or HCC specific mortality. Protective effects of the dietary patterns were obvious in non- or ever- smokers and non-drinkers diagnosed in early TNM stages with a higher BMI and better liver function. Higher intakes of fish and seafood, eggs and total protein foods reduced all-cause mortality, meanwhile, fish and seafood, eggs and dairy decreased HCC specific mortality. However, high consumptions of soybeans increased HCC specific mortality. These protective food groups mainly contained high-quality protein and were little consumed. Rich in n-3 PUFA, fish and seafood may regulate lipid peroxidation and inhibit postoperative metastasis. Conjugated linoleic acid, butyrate and sphingolipids in dairy may restrain tumor cells growth, induce differentiation and apoptosis. (1)Roles of eggs and soybeans were inconsistent with former studies, (2, 3)which may be due to short follow-up periods. Our findings suggest that better adherence to dietary guidelines for Chinese before diagnosis may reduce risk of mortality in HCC survivors. References 1. Parodi PW. Cows’ Milk Fat Components as Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. The Journal of nutrition 1997;127(6):1055-60. 2. Chia JS, et al. Fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells. Integrative cancer therapies 2013;12(3):248-56. 3. Zamora-Ros R, et al. Moderate egg consumption and all-cause and specific-cause mortality in the Spanish European Prospective into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain) study. European journal of nutrition 2018.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest . P3-26-03 The use of dietary supplements and the frequency of eating food among the soldiers of the Polish Army

Anna Anyzewska1, Roman Lakomy1, Tomasz Lepionka1, Ewa Szarska2, Ewelina Maculewicz2, Andrzej Tomczak3, Jerzy Bertrandt1 1Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland. 2Laboratory of Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland. 3The War Studies University in Warsaw, Faculty of National Security, Department of Security Education, Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Introduction. The nutritional supplement market has been growing continuously in the last decades. Dietary supplements has become more and more consumed every day. Epidemiological studies have been shown that supplements users tend to have better health-related behaviors, especially a healthier nutritional intake. The aim of the study was to assess frequency of consumption of selected groups of products depending on the use of dietary supplements by soldiers of the Polish Army. Materials and methods. Six hundred and forty seven male soldiers completed an supplements usage questionnaire and a food-frequency questionnaire assessing information over the previous 12 months. U Mann Whitney test was used to compare food-frequency consumption of 61 groups of products and supplements usage. Results and discussion. From the 647 male soldiers (aged: 31±7; years of service: 9±7), 38% reported supplements usage. Statistically relevant at an accepted level p<0.05 supplements usage differentiated the frequency of consumption of 36 of the analyzed 61 groups of products. Compared with supplements non- users, soldiers using dietary supplements were more likely to consume daily fruits such as kiwi fruit and citrus (p=0.003); bananas (p<0.001); avocado (p=0.004); olives (p=0.006); dried fruits (0.004); vegetables – all types (p<0.001); crucifers (p=0.020); yellow-orange vegetables (p<0.001); green leafy vegetables (p=0.001); tomatoes (p=0.010);wholegrain bread (p=0.002); groats (p<0.001); milk and milk drinks (p=0.003); eggs (p<0.001); lean fish (p=0.002); oily fish (p=0.004) and nuts (p=0.003). Sweets such as sugar to sweeten beverages (p=0.001); chocolate, chocolate candies and candy bars (p=0.004); non chocolate candies (p=0.028); biscuits and cakes (p=0.003); salty snacks (p=0.005); white bread (p<0.001); fats such as margarine (p=0.005); cream, sweet or sour cream (p=0.037); mayonnaise and dressings (p=0.002); potatoes (p=0.008), sausages (p=0.048), sugar-sweetened beverages (p=0.001), wine and alcohol drinks (p=0.035) were less often consumed by supplements users than supplements non-users. Diets of supplement users were more in line with current recommendations on healthy eating. Perhaps, soldiers who were using supplements were probably the ones who would least benefit from it. It is necessary to take educational activities in the field of health promotion of soldiers, with a focus on nutrition and the principles for the safe use of, as well as to motivate soldiers to respect basic principles of proper nutrition.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-26-04 Diet, blood cholesterol and vitamins A and D in preschool-aged vegan and omnivore children

Liisa Korkalo1, Topi Hovinen2, Essi Skaffari1, Riitta Freese1, Anu Suomalainen2, Maijaliisa Erkkola1 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 2Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

Little is known on the diet and nutritional status in children adhering to a strict vegan diet. Our aim was to compare the intake of energy-yielding nutrients, vitamins A and D, and selected biomarkers in vegan and omnivore children. We recruited children in 2017 in Helsinki in preschools that offered a possibility to choose vegan meals. Fifty- nine children (aged 1 to 7 years) participated after parental consent. Parents filled in questionnaires, reported child’s dietary supplement use and took children to a venous blood draw. Parents and preschool personnel filled in four-day food records for the children. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database with added data on vegan products and preschool meal recipes. Blood cholesterol, serum LDL, HDL, pre-albumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed. In the present analyses, we used data from children who had blood sample results and followed either a strict vegan (n=6) or an omnivore diet (n=24). We compared the groups using age- and sex-adjusted permutation tests. We found no difference in the percentage of energy from carbohydrates or total fat between the groups. The proportion of energy from saturated fatty acids was significantly lower (median 6.0% vs. 12.3%) and proportions of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in vegans compared to omnivores. We found a lower percentage of energy from protein (median 13.5% vs. 16.4%) and a higher fiber density (4.9 vs 2.7 g/MJ) but no difference in the density of retinol activity equivalents or vitamin D from food in vegans compared to omnivores. All vegans and 87% of omnivores used vitamin D supplements. Vegan children had significantly lower blood cholesterol (median 2.85 vs. 4.15 mmol/l), LDL (1.45 vs. 2.60 mmol/l) and HDL (1.16 vs. 1.49 mmol/l) than omnivores. Vegans also had significantly lower pre-albumin (median 150 vs. 186 mg/l), RBP (0.98 vs. 1.30 as retinol equivalents μmol/l) and 25(OH)D (60.0 vs. 71.5 nmol/l) concentrations than omnivores. All participants had 25(OH)D above 50 nmol/l, indicating sufficiency. Compared to omnivores, children adhering to a strict vegan diet showed markedly different intake of dietary fatty acids and lower blood cholesterol. Whether the lower pre-albumin and RBP concentrations found in vegan children suggest poorer vitamin A status or are indicative of poorer overall nutritional status is a question that warrants attention in future studies.

Conflict of Interest

Liisa Korkalo is a board member of the company TwoDads. P3-27-01 Intestinal permeability modulation through a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern in older subjects: MaPLE project outcomes and perspectives

Stefano Bernardi1, Cristian Del Bo’1, Simone Guglielmetti1, Giorgio Gargari1, Antonio Cherubini2, Paul Kroon3, Benjamin Kirkup3, Nicole Hidalgo Liberona4,5, Gregorio Peron4,5, Raul Gonzalez Dominguez4,5, Cristina Andres- Lacueva4,5, Patrizia Riso1 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 2IRCCS INRCA, Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l’invecchiamento, Ancona, Italy. 3Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom. 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy; Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA); Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA); Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

In recent years, research has been focusing on strategies to counteract inflammatory processes and age- related diseases 1. During ageing, a low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated to an altered intestinal permeability (IP) a condition that has been shown to promote inflammation possibly through the translocation of dietary and bacterial factors into the blood stream that activates the immune system 2.In this regard, dietary pattern and environmental factors could play a fundamental role because of their potential ability to modulate inflammation, IP and the gut microbial ecosystem (GME). Moreover, it has been hypothesized that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols may affect IP and GME 3.The MaPLE project (Microbiome mAnipulation through Polyphenols for managing gut Leakiness in the Elderly) aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich diet can improve IP condition in a target population with beneficial changes at intestine and systemic level. To this aim, a randomised, controlled, cross-over dietary intervention study (8-week polyphenol-rich diet versus 8-week control diet, separated by a wash-out period) was carried out in a group of older subjects (>60 years) living in a well-controlled setting (i.e. nursing home). Markers related with IP, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular function and intestinal microbial ecosystem were investigated in serum, urine and/or fecal samples. Moreover, blood bacteria DNAemia, and serum/urine metabolomics has been assessed. Moreover, a consistent nutritional evaluation of the standard menu (provided by the nursing home) and of weighed food diaries was performed, providing also data on actual polyphenol intake during the intervention. The results show there were higher levels of IP in the older subjects, and that the polyphenol-enriched diet changed the levels of serum zonulin, a marker of IP. In addition, an association between zonulin and blood bacterial load was demonstrated. Ongoing in vitro and in vivo experiments are exploring the potential effects of different polyphenols on IP and the mechanisms involved. The MaPLE project will generate new data to improve the understanding on the role of polyphenols in the modulation of intestinal microbiome and its interactions with the host. Funding:JPI-HDHL http://www.healthydietforhealthylife.eu/; Mipaaft(D.M.8245/7303/2016); MINECO (PCIN2015-238); BBSRC (BB/R012512/1)

References:1Franceschi et al 2000; 2Bischoff et al 2014 ;3Guerriero et al 2018

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-27-02 Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Developing Economies of East Asia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Andrea McGrattan1, Carla van Aller1, Alla Narytnyk2, Daniel Reidpath3, Pascale Allotey3, Devi Mohan4, Blossom Stephan1, Louise Robinson1, Mario Siervo5 1Institute of Health and Society, and Institute of Ageing; Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom. 2Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom. 3Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 4Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Abstract

Introduction Dementia represents one of the impending global health challenges, and low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are projected to greatly contribute to the rising dementia global burden. Currently, there is a lack of pharmacological treatment for dementia and therefore research efforts have focused on prevention, with the identification of early lifestyle, demographic and nutritional risk factors. In particular, diet may be an important modifiable risk factor for maintenance of cognitive health in later life. There are plausible suggestions to support the synergistic effects of certain nutrients, such as polyphenols, unsaturated fats and antioxidant vitamins, in having a beneficial role in the modulation of oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation – processes associated with cognitive decline. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on nutritional interventions for the prevention of dementia in developing economies in East Asia. Materials and Methods Four comprehensive medical databases were searched from inception until February 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus. The literature search was restricted to randomised clinical trials [RCTs], conducted in adult humans [≥18 years], assessing the effect of nutritional interventions on cognitive performance, and / or incidence of mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or dementia. The outcome of interest for the meta-analysis was: [1] global cognitive performance and [2] domain specific cognitive performance. Data was pooled by random model analysis and estimates of effect size were given for each domain and sub-categorised according to the type of nutritional intervention. Results Twenty-two RCTs were included, of which, sixteen studies showed significant beneficial effects in favor of the nutritional intervention based on single neuropsychological test scores and / or scores of global cognitive assessment tools. Sixteen studies had sufficient data reported for meta-analysis, and marginally significant beneficial effects were found on global cognitive performance in elderly for micro-nutrient supplementation [n=4 studies, n=451 participants, std mean difference: 0.41 [-0.03; 0.84], p=0.07], and EPA / DHA supplementation [n=4 studies, n=373 participants, std mean difference 0.57 [-0.01; 1.14], p=0.06]. Discussion Several promising strategies, such as B-vitamin supplementation, EPA / DHA supplementation and nutrition and lifestyle counselling interventions, seem to be able to decrease age-related cognitive decline in East Asia. Large, good quality, long term trials are needed to confirm these findings, to further evaluate the role of nutritional interventions on cognitive function and to identify if these interventions are feasible and effective to decrease dementia incidence in developing economies, like East Asia.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-28-01 A high-protein Mediterranean diet and resistance exercise for cardiac rehabilitation: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Richard Kirwan1, Fatima Perez de Heredia1, Ian Davies1, Tom Butler2 1Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 2University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom

Abstract

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients present singular characteristics that exacerbate their cardiometabolic (CM) risk, such as higher frailty and anabolic resistance in the older individuals. There also seems to be a link between higher mortality and low body mass index (BMI), known as the “obesity paradox”, which may be primarily due to low lean body mass (LBM), and in some cases sarcopenia, a progressive loss of LBM associated with aging. Patients presenting simultaneously low LBM and abdominal obesity (sarcopenic obesity, SO) have increased CM risk. Current CR practice is primarily focused on aerobic exercise, combined with dietary and lifestyle advice, as a way to improve cardiovascular fitness. In particular, Mediterranean-style dietary patterns have proven effective for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that increasing relative LBM is an appropriate target in CR patients, and that it can be achieved through a combination of resistance training and higher protein intake in order to overcome anabolic resistance. We propose a pilot study to investigate the prevalence of SO in CR patients, and to assess the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention based on a high-protein, Mediterranean-style diet combined with resistance training to improve LBM and reduce CM risk. A cross-sectional study will be conducted with CR patients to analyse body composition and estimate the prevalence of SO. Then, a pilot randomised controlled trial (12 weeks) will be performed with CR-SO patients assigned to four groups: 1) control group receiving standard CR, 2) resistance training group, 3) high-protein diet group, and 4) combined training and diet group. Primary outcomes will be determinants of the protocol for a larger, fully powered study, including standard deviations of secondary outcome measures, willingness of participants to be randomised, number of eligible participants, follow-up rates, acceptability of dietary and training protocols, adherence and compliance rates, time and finances needed to implement the intervention. Secondary outcomes will be changes in LBM and body fat assessed by dual-X-ray densitometry (DXA) and bio-impedance, muscle strength indicated by hand grip, and changes in CM risk markers (e.g., blood lipids, cholesterol subfractions, fasting glucose and insulin, and HbA1c).

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-28-02 Research of Eating Disorders in Greece

Vasileios Katsilas European University of Cyprus , Lefkosia , Cyprus

Abstract

Introduction: Eating disorders are eating habits detrimental to one person and experienced by both men and women, regardless of age and economic status. About five million women and about one million men worldwide are struggling with these disorders, which can be fatal for their lives. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted through anonymous questionnaires distributed in dietetic offices in nine geographical departments of Greece: Attica, Macedonia, Aegean Islands, Thessaly, Peloponnese, Ionian Islands, Crete, Sterea Hellas except Attica and Epirus, with the internationally recognized questionnaire Eat26. The total sample was 625 individuals, of which 80.80% were women and 19.20 were men. The results were analyzed by the SPSS 20 statistical program with a 5% error rate. Results: The results of our research showed that 1 in 4 persons visiting a nutritionist ΄s office to go on a diet and slimming program (24.96%) suffers from some type of eating disorder. 64.32% of the sample is unaware of any eating disorder in the past. 43.36% have tried to diet more than 3 times and 37.12% have put back more than 3 times over 9 pounds in their life. 68.8% say that his mood is affected by the figure that shows the scale in the body's measurement, 27.20% counting weight 2-4 times a week. In addition, 50% declare that they think they are overweight, although their relatives say it is not, 33.44% have had a hyperphagia in the past few months at least once (p-value <0.01). Discussion: This is the largest research on eating disorders in Greece, both in urban and rural areas. The results are not encouraging as 1 out of 4 people appeared to suffer from some type of eating disorder and more than half of the sample (68.8%) was adversely affected by the number that the scales show. KEY WORDS: eating disorders, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-28-03 Freaks or Foods: What motivates alternative nutrition and lifestyles?

Aspasia Werner, Antje Risius Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany

Abstract

Globally, the adverse effects of increased animal-protein consumption on the environment, the society, and the economy are a cause of growing societal concern. As a result, issues of food system sustainability have received considerable attention within the national and international community. For the European community, changes in food lifestyles of consumers, in particular a reduced share of animal-based foods within the diet, are of great importance for the establishment of sustainable food supply structures. Meanwhile, a worldwide trend for alternative nutrition and lifestyles is obvious, which is reflected by a growing number of plant-based nutrition styles and craft-foods. Often, alternative nutrition styles are ethically or health motivated. Nonetheless, changes in regard to nutrition are often not consistent. Up to now, research mainly focused on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of food lifestyle changes. However, extreme, alternative nutrition lifestyles seem to be more disciplined with regard to nutrition transformation. Nonetheless, especially extreme food consumption patterns have not been assessed with regard to a long-lasting sustainable transformation potential. However, we propose that a comprehensive framework of these issues must contain information on the specific motivational themes that lead people to make substantial changes in their diets. Hence, the objective of the proposed study is to assess the transforming potential by in-depth interviews with extreme alternative nutrition styles. We aim in gathering knowledge on the content of the motivational dynamics influencing consumers in adapting alternative food lifestyles like raw-foodism, Paleolithic diet, or Anthroposophic diet. The theoretical framework applied is grounded in self-determination theory, a meta- theoretical construct used for explaining motivational change dynamics in humans. The research questions that will be addressed are: “What motivates people to adapt extreme alternative dietary styles?”, “How do identity and individual worldview influence the transition process?” and “Which strategies were applied to successfully implement new dietary habits into daily routine? In-depth interviews, following an experience interview will be conducted with 18 participants who had practiced an alternative food lifestyle for a long-term period. The transcripts of these interviews will be structured using content analysis. Since data collection will take place in May 2019 results cannot be described by deadline for the call of abstracts. Results and conclusion that will be addressed in the FENS Conference will include the motivational drivers for long-lasting transformation potential and discuss the applicability for society and behavior change communication.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-28-04 Food choices and the double burden of malnutrition in post-economic crisis Greece: a case-control study

E. Chatzivagia, Antonis Vlassopoulos, Olga Malisova, Aleks Pepa, Konstantina Filippou, Katerina Kandyliari, Maria Kapsokefalou Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Although undernutrition had been considered a minor public health issue before the economic crisis, the financial turmoil and the austerity introduced in Europe around 2009, initiated a nutrition transition linked with a rapid increase (approx. 40% in 5 years) in food insecurity across Europe. Despite preliminary data, there is still a lack of systematic evidence around the extend of this nutrition transition and its impact on diet. A case control study was carried out between December 2017 - December 2018 in order to quantify the nutritional status and habits of those most affected by the economic crisis in Greece. The study recruited a sample of individuals living under the line of poverty and receiving governmental food-aid (VUL-FI; n=499) alongside an age-matched control (CO; n=545). Socio-demographic, anthropometric and dietary data were collected during a study visit at the site of food aid delivery using previously validated questionnaires. Dietary habits were analyzed for frequency of consumption, energy and macronutrient intake as well as energy and protein malnutrition (cut-off values of <1.950Kcal and ≤0,75gr/kg body-weigh daily intake respectively). Statistical analysis was carried using the SPSS 18 statistical software. Chi-squared test, Independent sample t-test, ANOVA and their non-parametric equivalents were used to detect differences at a 5% level of statistical significance. The participants VUL-FI group were 4.75 times more likely to be unemployed, had fewer years of education (10.98±8.5 vs. 12.66±3.6 y) and were more likely to have 2 or more children compared to CO (p<0.001 for all). Being food insecure (VUL-FI) was associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (overweight 44.0% vs. 37.5 and obese 25.4% vs. 18.0%; p<0.001), despite a concurrent higher likelihood of experiencing energy and protein malnutrition (1.8 and 3.7 times higher than CO, respectively; p<0.001). VUL-FI reported higher intakes of plant-based proteins (mainly from legumes) and almost no intake of fish and seafood. Fruit and vegetable intakes remained equally low among the two groups, while they both exceeded the 10% of total energy recommendation for saturated fat intake. Almost ten years, after the economic crisis its impact can still be seen in the dietary habits of its victims in Greece. The longer lasting effects are an increase in the double burden of malnutrition among the vulnerable groups, who report minor improvements in intakes of legumes and confectionary but largely sustain their prior unhealthy dietary habits making adjustments based on the cost of foods and not their quality

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-28-05 Effect of improving dietary quality of food parcels on dietary intake in Dutch food bank recipients - a randomized controlled trial

Judith Neter1, Coosje Dijkstra1, Jos Twisk2, Marjolein Visser1, Ingeborg Brouwer1 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Abstract

Introduction: Since food banks have a strong influence on recipients’ diets, and seem to have difficulties in supporting healthy diets, improving the dietary quality of food parcels is important. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether improving the dietary quality of food parcels, using different strategies, can positively impact the actual dietary intake of Dutch food bank recipients. Materials and methods: This randomized cross-over controlled trial with four intervention conditions [1) Control (standard food parcel), 2) Snacks– (standard food parcel with replacement of snacks by staple foods), 3) FV+ (standard food parcel plus the recommended daily amount of fruit and vegetables), 4) Snacks– + FV (standard food parcel with replacement of snacks by staple foods plus the recommended daily amount of fruit and vegetables)] included food bank recipients from three food banks. In total, 199 recipients were randomly allocated. At baseline, participants filled in a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric measurements. Dietary intake data were collected through 24-hour recalls after both intervention conditions at 4 and 8 weeks follow-up. Primary outcome was fruit and vegetable intake, secondary outcomes were dietary intakes of food groups and nutrients. Results: Multi-level linear regression analysis, using a two-level model showed a higher mean fruit intake in participants in the FV+ condition than in participants in the Control condition (δ: 74 [40.3;107.6] g). Both mean fruit and mean vegetable intake were higher in participants in the Snacks– + FV+ condition than in participants in the Control condition (fruit δ: 81.3 [56.5;106.2] g; vegetable: δ: 46.2 [17.5;74.9] g), as well as in the Snacks– condition (fruit: δ: 70.0 [38.8;101.1] g; vegetable δ: 62.2 [26.2; 98.2] g). Discussion: This study shows that improving the dietary content of food parcels can positively impact the dietary intake of Dutch food bank recipients. With this we can further develop effective strategies to improve dietary intake of food bank recipients.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-29-01 A protocol for the development of a Core Outcome Set for PREgnancy Nutrition (PRENCOS)

Sarah Louise Killeen, Dr. Eilleen C O'Brien, Dr. Aisling A Geraghty, Prof. Fionnuala M. McAuliffe UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

Abstract

Introduction Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a modifiable risk factor for health. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting in studies evaluating nutrition in pregnancy limits their comparability and is a barrier for high quality evidence synthesis. A core outcome set (COS) is set of outcomes, which are agreed by consensus, to be a minimum standard to report within an area of research. The CoRe Outcomes in Women’s and Newborn health (CROWN) initiative is an international initiative which supports the development of COSs for Women and Newborn health research. To date, there is no COS which specifically addresses the issues with outcome reporting in research on nutrition in pregnancy. Therefore, we present a study protocol for the development of a COS for maternal nutrition research in pregnancy.

Methods The COS is registered with the Core Outcomes for Measurement of Effectiveness Trials (COMET) registry. A systematic review will be conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify studies evaluating maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Outcomes will be extracted from eligible studies and cataloged using the taxonomy of the COMET initiative. We will make efforts to supplement our findings with outcomes from other sources, including qualitative interviews with mothers. Secondly, a modified Delphi survey will be conducted with international stakeholders including healthcare professionals, researchers and mothers. Participants will be presented with the list of outcomes from step one and invited to rank the importance of including each outcome in the final COS using a 9-point Likert scale. We will complete descriptive statistics and in a second round of the survey, participants will receive feedback on their individual scores from round one, along with the average score each stakeholder group provided for each outcome. Based on this, participants will have the opportunity to change their scoring and will be encouraged to give a rationale for their final choice. Lastly, a face-face consensus meeting will be held with representatives from all stakeholder groups to finalise the COS. Results We will identify the outcomes reported in maternal nutrition research. We will also determine the outcomes which are important to pregnant women and if these are missing from the literature. A final COS for nutrition research in pregnancy will be developed. Discussion This COS will support the harmonisation of outcome selection and reporting in maternal nutrition research which is necessary for high quality evidence synthesis to support clinical practice and the nutritional care of pregnant women.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-29-02 The importance of well-being and education for the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in Ireland; Findings from the ROLO study.

Cara Yelverton, Aisling Geraghty, Eileen O'Brien, Sarah Louise Killeen, Fionnuala McAulliffe UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

Introduction; Breastfeeding is well-established as optimal for both mother and baby, with a number of benefits including a quicker return to pre-pregnancy weight for the mother and the reduced risk of non- communicable diseases, including obesity, for the infant. The current global recommendation is to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months postpartum, yet in Ireland initiation and duration of breastfeeding is extremely low. Low education level is considered a barrier to breastfeeding, however, there is currently a paucity of research on the influence of maternal well-being on breastfeeding habits in Ireland. Aim: To explore the relationship between education levels and well-being in early pregnancy on breastfeeding habits in Irish women. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the randomised control trial, the ROLO study in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. 610 healthy, pregnant women on their 2nd pregnancy were included. Well- being was measured using the WHO-5 item well-being index at the end of the 1st trimester. Education level and breastfeeding initiation information were both obtained from hospital records. Women were stratified into two groups of education level; those that had achieved 3rd level education (n=341), and those with less than 3rd level (n=269). Within these two groups, the relationship between well-being scores and breastfeeding habits was explored using Pearson correlations, chi-square tests, and multiple regression modelling for confounders. Results: In Women with high education, those with high well-being (n=269) were significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding than those low well-being (n=72; 69.5% vs 56.9%, p<0.05). This association remained after controlling for maternal age, BMI, and intervention group (B=0.57, p<0.05). Well-being was not associated with breastfeeding duration in women with 3rd level education ( 26.63 weeks vs 25.64 weeks, p=0.87). In women with low education levels, there was no association of well-being and breastfeeding initiation (37.4% vs 35.9%, p=0.84) or well-being and breastfeeding duration (6.75 weeks vs 5.70 weeks, p=0.65). Discussion: While education level is a strong indication of women’s likelihood to breastfeed, it is important to recognise other influencing factors. Among highly educated women well-being was also important as a determinant of initiating breastfeeding. This is important for healthcare professionals working in maternity care in Ireland and highlights the potential of improving well-being and there-by increasing Irish breastfeeding rates.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-29-03 What can researchers learn from participant involvement? Insights from the ROLO Family Advisory Committee

Eileen O Brien, Niamh Walsh, Aisling Geraghty, David Byrne, Fionnuala McAuliffe UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

Introduction: Public and patient involvement (PPI) describes how researchers collaborate and engage with the public in order to make research more relevant to them. The ROLO Family Advisory Committee is a self- selected group of parents who are involved in the longitudinal follow-up of the ROLO Study. It was established in 2017 and the goal is to achieve a partnership between ROLO families and researchers, leading to improved research quality, relevance and outcomes. The aim of engaging with parents from the ROLO study is to understand key outcomes of importance for parents relating to their own health and their children’s health and to gain insights into how the research agenda can be more relevant to parent and child needs. Materials and Methods: All parents involved with ROLO study were invited to join the ROLO Family Advisory Committee in 2017. Parents who had expressed interest in joining the committee were invited to attend annual ROLO Families Advisory Committee Meetings in 2018 and 2019. Parents were asked to discuss their opinions about current research projects and potential future projects. This was followed by an open discussion about relevant health questions. These meetings were either transcribed on the day or recorded with audio recordings transcribed verbatim and broad themes identified. Results: Mothers had greater concern for outcomes relating to their children than themselves. Parents were very interested in understanding the relationship between diet in pregnancy and child health and welcomed research regarding blood tests that could be predictors of future health. Parents had great concern for the effect social media has on child mental health and also wanted more studies conducted in the areas of fussy eating and how to ensure children consume a wide range of healthy foods. It was consistently highlighted that children and teenagers should understand healthy eating principles and ways to promote their physical and mental health. Discussion: Through the two focus groups, valuable insights were gained regarding what research parents consider relevant and future research questions. The ROLO agenda has certainly been enriched by PPI. We are seeking opportunities to enable research to be carried out in the areas discussed at the meetings.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-29-04 The Role of Zinc in Depressed Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nadine B. Page1, Anna M. Brown1, Erin Pascoe2, Sally Braithwaite3, Michelle L. Townsend4, Jane S. Herbert4, Hilary Davies1, Kathryn H. Hart1, J. Bernadette Moore5 1University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. 2St. Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, United Kingdom. 3Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom. 4University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. 5University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Abstract

Perinatal depression is a depressive illness that affects 10-15% of women in the UK with an estimated cost of £1.8 billion/year. Zinc deficiency is associated with the development of mood disorders and zinc supplementation has been shown to help reduce the symptoms of depression. Women who are pregnant and breastfeeding are at risk of lower levels of zinc because of the high demand from the developing and feeding baby. However, studies in the perinatal period are limited. With a long-term aim of designing a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine if zinc supplementation reduces depressive symptoms in pregnant and lactating women;the objective of this review was to systematically evaluate previous RCTs assessing zinc supplementation and depressive symptoms, in order to establish a zinc dosing regimen with regards to Galenic formulation, unit dose and frequency. The review was conducted by independent reviewers in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and is registered at Prospero (CRD42017059205). The Allied and Complimentary Medicine, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched since records began, with no restrictions, for intervention trials assessing Galenic formulation, unit dose and frequency of zinc supplementation to reduce the symptoms of depression. From a total of 66 identified records, 7 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; all assessed the effect of zinc supplementation on mood. Risk of bias was independently assessed using the standard ‘Cochrane risk of bias tool’. Overall, 5 of the 7 papers were rated as high-quality trials; of the other two, one was rated poor and the other fair but both had a number of learning points. Preliminary findings indicate at the end of supplementing zinc, depression scores were reduced significantly. In one study, the Beck score decreased in the placebo group, but this reduction was not significant compared to the baseline. In two of the studies there was a significant correlation between serum zinc and self-reported mood questionnaires. Results also suggest that 25mg zinc supplementation combined with antidepressant drugs can be effective in the treatment of major depression in women. This supports other work where researchers supplemented 25mg of elemental zinc for 12 weeks or longer and found a reduction of symptoms in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Thus, an early conclusion is that 25mg of elemental zinc is an effective dose for improving low mood and is achievable in a trial setting.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-30-01 The impact of nutrient and health claims on perceived healthiness and the amount of food eaten: An experimental breakfast study

Sinead Watson1, Tony Benson2, Michelle Spence2, Moira Dean2, Jayne Woodside1,2 1Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. 2Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Abstract

A previous study has demonstrated that when people thought they were eating a low-calorie milkshake (versus a high-calorie labelled equivalent though same product) their physiological satiety, as measured by the gut peptide ghrelin, was consistent with what they believed they were consuming rather than the actual nutritional content (Crum et al., 2011). If replicated and shown for different food types, this finding could have implications for nutrient and health claims labelling and advertising. The aim of the study was to examine whether satiation (self-reported and physiological) varies depending on the mindset in which one approaches food consumption. On two separate visits (1 week between), participants (n=50) were asked to consume a 380-calorie yoghurt and granola breakfast product under the pretence that it was either a 500-calorie ‘indulgent’ breakfast (high in fat and sugar) or a 250-calorie ‘sensible’ breakfast (low in fat and sugar). At each visit blood samples were collected at three timepoints to measure acylated ghrelin: after a 20-minute rest period (baseline), after 60-minutes (pre-consumption) and after 90-minutes (post-consumption). Self-reported appetite scales were completed 10 minutes prior to each blood sample. During the first interval (between 20 and 60 minutes) participants rated the breakfast label’s appearance and perceived healthiness, and during the second interval (between 60 and 90 minutes) participants consumed the breakfast product while rating its sensory appeal. Participants (mean [SD]: 30.1 [10.4] yrs.) rated the ‘indulgent’ breakfast as more appealing than the ‘sensible’ breakfast (mean difference: 5.00 [95% CI: 0.71, 9.30]; P=0.024), but felt less healthy when consuming the ‘indulgent’ breakfast (mean difference: -13.17 [95% CI: -18.75, -7.60]; P<0.001). The breakfasts were not rated differently according to their taste, smell, overall palatability and enjoyment. Participants reported a higher mean change in self-reported fullness for the ‘indulgent’ breakfast than the ‘sensible’ breakfast from pre-consumption to post-consumption (mean difference: 7.19 [95% CI: -0.73, 13.6]; P=0.030). This relationship was not observed between baseline and post-consumption, or for the other self- reported appetite measures (hunger, satiety, quantity and desire to eat). Mean change in acylated ghrelin was not significantly different between the breakfasts at any timepoint. This study demonstrated an increase in self-reported fullness after consuming the ‘indulgent’ breakfast compared to the ‘sensible’ breakfast despite the fact the two breakfast products were identical. A physiological response, however, was not observed.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-30-03 Effect of different doses of Moringa oleifera in postprandial glucose. Influence of participants’ glucose control status.

Ligia E. Díaz-Prieto1, Sonia Gómez-Martínez1, María Dueñas1, Iván Vicente-Castro1, María J. Picón2, Ascensión Marcos1, Esther Nova1 1Insitute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. 2Hospital Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain

Abstract

The multipurpose plant Moringa oleifera (MO) has shown a variety of in vitro activities potentially beneficial for health and evidences are also numerous in animal models. However, the exact composition of the plant is highly variable depending on the area, culture and post harvesting conditions and the effects in humans are scarcely studied. This is a pilot study of the effect of different doses of MO from an Iberian Peninsula cultivar on postprandial glucose level in non-diabetic subjects. Five adult subjects (40 to 70 years, 3 males) with normal renal and hepatic function were included. Two had normal fasting glucose and 3 had pre-diabetic fasting glucose. A standard breakfast plus, respectively, one placebo capsule (PLC), or 1, 3 and 6 capsules containing 400mg of MO dry leaf powder (MO-1cap, -3cap and -6cap) were consumed by each subject on 4 consecutive visits, one week apart. The basal and postprandial (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min) glucose was measured. The mean glucose change from baseline (ΔGlc) at each measure time was calculated and compared between treatments with the Wilcoxon tests and considered significant at P<0.05 level. The postprandial curves were also studied separately in pre-diabetic subjects. A difference was found 90 min after breakfast in ΔGlc for the MO-6cap compared to the MO-1cap, being lower in MO-6cap. No more significant differences were observed due to the small number of subjects and high variability in glucose values among subjects. However, the graphical representation of separated curves for the three pre-diabetic participants showed that all three MO doses led to values always below those with PLC. In addition, during the first experimental hour all MO doses showed lower ΔGlc than PLC while this was not the case when all subjects were studied. No adverse events occurred during the experiment. The study, thus, showed a trend to lower glycemic postprandial response with MO leaf powder which seems to be more evident in pre-diabetic subjects than in normoglycemic subjects and especially during the first postprandial hour. The MO-6cap seems to be the election daily dose for a long term intervention study on the glycemic control with MO in pre-diabetic subjects. Acknowledgements: The study received financial support of Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), AEI and FEDER, EU (ref: AGL2017-86044-C2-1-R).

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-30-04 Evaluation of vitamin D bioaccessibility and iron solubility from test meals containing meat and/or cereals and/or legumes

Tiffany Antoine1, Giulia Scorrano1, Cristèle Icard-Vernière2, Charlotte Halimi1, Stéphane Georgé3, Claire Mouquet-Rivier2, Emmanuelle Reboul1 1Aix-Marseille Univ, INRA, INSERM, C2VN, Marseille, France. 2Nutripass, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 3Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles, Avignon, France

Abstract

Rethinking food systems from production to consumption, in order to provide better nutritional inputs at lower environmental cost, is a priority challenge for a sustainable future. Pulses present benefits that may improve the sustainability of our systems and diets, such as their ability to restore soils in nitrogen and their high contents in proteins, fibers and minerals. However, pulses also contain several bioactive compounds such as phytates or tannins that can negatively affect mineral absorption. Additionally, we recently showed in the laboratory that these bioactives, together with fibers and saponins, could negatively impact fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. The objective of this study was thus to follow up vitamin D (as a model of fat-soluble vitamin) and iron (as a model of mineral) transfer to the aqueous phase of the bolus during digestion of meal containing or not pulses. To this aim, we performed in vitrodigestion using tests meals made of beef (as a model of meat) and/or semolina (as a model of cereals) and/or chickpeas (as a model of pulses). To identify the compounds responsible for the observed effects, we also performed in vitrodigestion using test meals made of potatoes supplemented or not in fibers, phytates, tannins and saponines. Vitamin D bioaccessibility and iron solubility were expressed as the ratio of vitamin D or iron recovered in the aqueous phase of the digestion on the total amount of vitamin D or iron recovered in the whole digesta, at the end of the digestion. Our results showed that the presence of chickpeas within a meal induced a significant decrease of both vitamin D bioaccessibility (up to -56%, p<0.05) and iron solubility (up to -28%, p<0.05) compared to meals containing only meat and/or semolina. However, this effect was largely compensated for vitamin D by the fact that this vitamin was less stable (loss > 50%, p<0.05) during the digestion of meal containing meat compared to meals containing only plant-based foods (i.e. semolina and chickpeas). Among the different bioactives, tannins appear to be the most deleterious regarding iron solubility, while both phytates and tannins were responsible for a decreased in vitamin D bioaccessibility. Our results confirm that in some conditions, the presence of pulses within a meal can be deleterious regarding vitamin D and iron bioavailability. These data thus encourage research to propose dietary and technological solutions to tackle pulse negative effects on micronutrient bioavailability.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-31-01 Effect of processing of bovine milk on gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal pressure in sensitive individuals

Anu Nuora1, Tuomo Tupasela2, Johanna Jokioja1, Raija Tahvonen2, Heikki Kallio1, Baoru Yang1, Susanna Rokka2, Pertti Marnila2, Petri Mäkelä3, Jonne Pohjankukka4, Tapio Pahikkala4, Matti Viitanen5,6, Kaisa Linderborg1 1Food Chemistry and Food Development, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2Bio-Based Business and Industry, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland. 3Endoscopy Unit, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland. 4Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 5Department of Geriatrics, University of Turku, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Finland. 6Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm , Sweden

Abstract

Over the last years, the consumption of unpasteurised milk has increased in popularity in the Western countries, despite the known risks associated with food-borne pathogens. Some people appear to experience milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms even when tested negative for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. In such cases, processing of milk, most often homogenisation or heat treatment, has been suggested to be involved in the induction of the gastrointestinal symptoms. Commercial milk is generally homogenised for the purpose of physical stability. Homogenisation reduces the size of fat droplets. Breaking of the fat globules creates new interface, which is covered with denaturated proteins. Further denaturation level of the proteins depends on the severity of the heat treatment. In this study entity, the effect of processing of bovine milk on the gastrointestinal symptoms in self-reported milk sensitive individuals was tested in two separate double blind crossover trials. Tested milks included raw milk (unprocessed), pasteurized milk, pasteurized and homogenized milk, and UHT treated and homogenized milk thus including milks at both end of commercially approved liquid milks in Finland. All milks came from the same herd of cows, which nulled the effect of genetic background and feeding of the cows. Ingestible pH-, pressure and temperature measuring probe was used to investigate gastrointestinal pressure. Self-reported diaries were used to measure perceived gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally inflammation markers were studied from the plasma. In the first trial no significant difference was found in the amount of gastrointestinal symptoms or in the intestinal pressure after the consumption of native and processed milk. However, the obtained results on pressure in the large intestine (P = 0.068) as well as reported symptoms (P = 0.103) suggested that further studies in this area were needed. However, in the second trial where pasteurised, pasteurised and homogenised, and UHT -treated and homogenized milks were compared, the amount, severity or duration of the reported symptoms did not differ. This study demonstrates that the ingestible pressure-, pH and temperature measuring probe provided a novel possibility to study intestinal pressure in nutrition trials. The results of the present studies do not support the hypothesis that cows’ milk processing would induce gastrointestinal symptoms in milk sensitive but lactose tolerant subjects.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-31-02 Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in fennel seeds influenced by pressurized liquid extraction

Maja Repajić1, Petra Tonković1, Valentina Kruk1, Zoran Zorić1, Ivona Elez Garofulić1, Igor Palčić2, Verica Dragović-Uzelac1 1Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia

Abstract

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is a well-known aromatic plant, widely used as spice and remedy herb. It provides many beneficial effects and is used as diuretic and expectorant, as well as for various dyspeptic disorders. Beside essential oils, fennel seeds are abundant with various phenols, which are known as strong antioxidants and thereby contribute to human health. Among different extraction methods for phenols isolation, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) represents a novel technique with numerous advantages over conventional extraction approaches. Its efficiency manifests through combination of high temperature and pressure, enabling extraction time shortening, as well as decreased solvent consumption, thus being environment-friendly technique. In order to achieve maximum extraction yield, it is of great importance to select optimal PLE conditions, e.g., extraction temperature and time. Additionally, solvent selection also affects on content of targeted compounds, where phenols amount depends on polarity of solvent. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature (75 and 100 °C), static time (5 and 10 min) and cycle number (1, 2 and 3) on total phenols (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) content, as well as the antioxidant capacity (AC) in fennel seeds using three-step exhaustive PLE. Firstly, grinded dry fennel seeds were subjected to PLE using non-polar solvent (hexane) under the mentioned conditions in order to remove seeds' lipid fraction. Afterwards, defatted samples were extracted with polar solvents by the increasing polarity: aqueous acetone solution (30 %, v/v) followed by aqueous methanol solution (30 %, v/v). Obtained acetone (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts (n=24) were analyzed for TP (Folin-Ciocalteu method), TF (aluminium chloride colorimetric assay) and AC [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method]. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD test (p≤0.05) were applied for statistical analysis of collected data. Expectedly, AE were described with higher values of analyzed parameters (grand means: TP=416.18 mg/100 g, TF=41.87 mg/100 g, AC=359.57 mg AAE/100 g) in comparison with ME (grand means: TP=80.25 mg/100 g, TF=16.41 mg/100 g, AC=96.13 mg AAE/100 g. Furthermore, all examined influences significantly affected TP, TF and AC in all samples, except temperature on TP in ME. Thus, conditions of 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles showed the greatest yield of tested parameters in AE, while 100 °C/5 min/1 cycle were sufficient for maximum TP and AC levels in ME. Regarding TF in ME, slightly longer extraction time was required to achieve the highest efficiency (100 °C/10 min/1 cycle).

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-31-03 Application of pressurized liquid extraction on isolation of fennel seeds' polyphenols fractions

Maja Repajić1, Ana Marija Medved1, Josipa Bilobrk1, Ivona Elez Garofulić1, Sandra Pedisić1, Sanja Radman2, Verica Dragović-Uzelac1 1Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 2Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Due to nowadays endeavoured green approach, the utilization of environmentally-friendly extraction techniques is encouraged, where pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) provides such possibility. The PLE application allows shorter extraction time and simultaneously less solvent consumption through combined temperature and pressure effect, thus improving energetic and economic efficiency. Accordingly, in order to accomplish satisfactory extraction yield, it is necessary to optimize PLE conditions, depending on sample type and aimed compounds. As fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds are rich source of structurally different bioactive compounds, this study aimed to examine the influence of PLE temperature (75 and 100 °C), static time (5 and 10 min) and cycle number (1, 2 and 3) on the content of fennel seeds’ polyphenols fractions: total hydroxycinnamic acids (THA), total flavonols (TF) and total flavan-3-ols (TFO). For this purpose, samples of grinded dry fennel seeds were extracted according to the mentioned PLE conditions in serial exhaustive extraction using solvents ordered by its polarity: hexane, aqueous acetone solution (30 %, v/v) and aqueous methanol solution (30 %, v/v). After defatting with hexane, acetone (AE) and methanol (ME) extracts of residues were collected (n=24) and used for spectrofotometrically determination of THA, TF and TFO. In order to access data about effect of examined PLE conditions on analyzed parameters, results were statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD test at significance level p≤0.05. Obtained results showed that observed fractions of polyphenols were present in 4 – 5 folds higher amounts in AE compared to ME, where established grand means in AE were as follows: THA=312.82 mg/100 g, TF=113.23 mg/100 g and TFO=29.01 mg/100 g, while in ME they were THA=56.90 mg/100 g, TF=28.78 mg/100 g and TFO were determined in traces. As for influence of extraction temperature and time, content of all tested compounds was significantly affected by examined sources of variation in extracts of both solvent types, except static time on ME’ THA content. Generally, 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles were conditions which yielded the highest THA, TF and TFO in AE, while ME results showed diversity upon examined conditions. Accordingly, the highest THA content was established at lower temperature (75 °C/10 min/2 cycles), while 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles conditions documented the greatest TF content.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-31-04 An in-vitro investigation on the effect of chilling and reheating different starchy meals on resistant starch content

Abdulrahman Alzaabi, Barbara Fielding, Denise Robertson University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

Abstract

Food processing has been shown to influence starch digestibility, due to the formation of indigestible starches known as resistant starch (RS). RS has been shown to have similar health promoting properties to those of insoluble dietary fibre. These beneficial effects include lower glycaemic response, improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced overall gut health, and better plasma lipid profile. Additionally, the presence of other nutrients such as proteins or lipids may also impact the amount of RS formed. The present work aimed to measure the effect of cooking and /or additional meal ingredients on the RS content of 5 different starchy meals, 3 made with pasta (one of which had cheese added) and 2 made with potato, using the Megazyme RS kit (K-RSTAR). The cooked meals were tested either freshly cooked, chilled overnight, or chilled overnight and reheated. Moreover, different amounts of fat were used in the test meals (10g fat per 100g pasta, 30g fat per 100g pasta, 5g fat per 100g potato and 10g fat per 100g potato) in order to examine the effect of the amount of fat on RS formation. The total number of meals tested was 15. The amount of RS in the 2 pasta meals without cheese were 40% and 44% higher in the chilled and reheated meals compared to the same meals freshly cooked for the 10g and 30g of fat meals, respectively. The chilled overnight meals were not different from the freshly cooked meals for both fat amounts. Moreover, the potato meals showed a more substantial difference between the meals for the two fat amounts. The chilled and reheated potato meals were 73% and 85% higher in RS content than the freshly cooked identical meal, in the 5g and 10g of fat, respectively. Additionally, the chilled potato meals had higher RS contents compared to freshly cooked potato meals (68% and 83%, respectively). Furthermore, the presence of protein reduced the total amount of digested starch and RS in all pasta meals when compared to the meals without cheese. The findings of this in-vitro investigation suggests that chilling and reheating starchy meals significantly increases their content of RS. Future work will determine if these in vitro findings will translate to health benefits in vivo.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-31-05 Functional genomic characterization of immunogenic gluten proteins from oat cultivars that differ in toxicity for celiac disease

María de Lourdes Moreno Amador1, Julio Masaru Iehisa2, Carolina Sousa Martín1, Francisco Barro Losada3 1Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. 2Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay. 33Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC , Córdoba, Spain

Abstract

Introduction Oat human consumption has increased due to its nutritional value and its health benefits. Oat is a rich source of protein that contains high level of minerals, lipids, β-glucan, a mixed-linkage polysaccharide, which forms an important part of oat dietary fiber, and also contains various other phytoconstituents like flavonoids and sterols among others. Different pharmacological activities have been reported on oats like antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, antidiabetic or anticholesterolaemic. The safety of oats in a gluten-free diet has been a topic of debate for several years. Previous studies suggested that oats may induce the immunological response in celiacs and others confirmed the impossibility of consuming oats habitually by its toxicity. Our research group found oat cultivars with different immunotoxic potential against G12 monoclonal antibody that may explain the different clinical responses observed in patients suffering from celiac disease. In this study we have characterized by massive sequencing the transcriptomes of non-toxic and toxic varieties. Materials and Methods The transcriptomes of both oat varieties were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq™2000. To assemble the contents, criteria of overlap> 40% and similarity> 95% were used. The functional annotations were inferred by similarity to Uniprot reference proteins. The minimum similarity threshold required for annotating a transcript was a BLAST e value minor than 10-10. Uniref90 was used for the selection of annotated proteins. Results We have found 17 and 11 locus in the non-toxic and toxic varieties, respectively. We selected a set of 239983 reference proteins downloaded from Uniprot belonging to the taxonomic nodes BEP clade. Only proteins representative of Uniref90 clusters were used. The identification of immunotoxic epitopes in the coding sequences were determined by alignment with the T-cell recognized canonicals, encompassing one to three mismatches. We identified a total of 24 epitopes with an average of 2 modifications in the genome of the toxic variety with respect to the non-toxic. The epitope variants DQ2.5-ave-1β and DQ2.5-glia-α3 were the most repeated. Discussion The presence of epitopes in the toxic oat variety that are not present in non-toxic variety could be related with the immunotoxic potential found in our previous assays and also with the different clinical responses in celiacs consuming oats. Preliminary results suggest that a depth study based on searching epitopes found in toxic oat variety could help to the identification of real oat varieties available for celiac patients, and therefore, their incorporation in improvement programs to obtain commercial lines without toxicity.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-32-01 Preschool meals as a source of nutrients for 3–6-year-old Finnish preschoolers

Kaija Nissinen1,2, Liisa Korkalo2, Henna Vepsäläinen2, Essi Skaffari2, Reetta Lehto3, Leena Koivusilta4, Eva Roos3, Maijaliisa Erkkola2 1School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland. 2Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 3Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 4Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Abstract

Preschool meals influence the child's growth, development and learning ability. According to the Finnish National Nutrition Council, preschool meals should cover two thirds of the daily energy requirements if the child attends to a full-time childcare. We investigated the contribution of preschool meals on a weekday’s total energy and nutrient intake among Finnish preschoolers. A cross-sectional DAGIS Study was conducted in 2015– 2016. Altogether 864 3- to 6-year-old children from 66 preschools participated. Parents and early educators kept 3-day food records for the child. To capture the seasonal variation in the diet, 24% of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record. To assess the nutritional contribution of preschool meals, we selected a sub-sample of children based on the criteria that they ate all three meals (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack) at preschool. This yielded a sub-sample of 557 children, each contributing the data with 1 to 4 full preschool days. Data was analysed using two age groups: 3–4 years (n=324) and 5–6 years (n=233). Mean intake of nutrients from different preschool meals and population proportions were calculated. Mean energy intake at preschool was 3.0±0.8 MJ for 3–4-year-olds and 3.5±0.9 MJ for 6–7-year-olds contributing 54% of the total daily energy intake in both age groups. At preschool, lunch was the main single source of energy, protein, and fat. It was also an important source of folate (27% of the total daily intake in the younger and 29 % in the older age group) and of fibre (25% of the total daily intake in both age groups). Most of the added sugar was consumed at home (61% in the younger and 63% in the older age group). Most of the polyunsaturated fatty acid intake occurred at the preschool meals, mostly at lunch. Salt intake at preschool was high (3.2±1.1 g/day and 3.6±1.2 g/day in the younger and older age group, respectively). Cereal products were the main sources of salt at preschool. Preschool meals did not cover two thirds of the daily energy as recommended but preschool food was an important source of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, folate, and vitamin D but also of salt. Salt intake at preschool needs to be tackled by reducing salt in recipes and using low-sodium bread.

Conflict of Interest

Liisa Korkalo is a board member of the company TwoDads Ltd. Otherwise the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. P3-32-02 Main sources and parental educational level differences in intake of vitamin D in Finnish preschool children

Essi Skaffari1, Liisa Korkalo1, Henna Vepsäläinen1, Suvi Itkonen1, Kaija Nissinen2, Folasade Adebayo1, Eva Roos3,4, Christel Lamberg-Allardt1, Maijaliisa Erkkola1 1Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 2School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland. 3Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 4Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

In Finland the recommendation for the use of vitamin D supplement is a daily supplement throughout the year for all children. It is also recommended that fluid milk products and fat spreads are fortified with vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date data on children’s dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin D. We also examined educational level differences in the intake and sources of vitamin D. A cross-sectional study on the diet in Finnish 3-6-year-old preschool children (the DAGIS Study) was carried out in 2015–2016. Children were recruited in preschools in Southern Finland and in the Southern Ostrobothnia Region (n=864). The parents reported child’s supplement use (brand name, dose, frequency of use) during the last month and their own education level. The highest parental education level (PEL) was used in analysis. Parents and preschool personnel also filled in a 3-day food record for the child. A part of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record, which we sent to capture seasonal variation in the diet. In this analysis we included children (n=794) with data for supplement use and at least 1-day food record. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database and created a dietary supplement database. We used Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis. Most of the children in all PELs used vitamin D supplements (low 77%, medium 85%, high 85%). Dietary supplements covered almost half of the total intake in all groups (low 42%, medium 48%, high 47%, p=0,087). The main dietary sources of vitamin D were fortified fluid milk products, fortified fat spreads and fish dishes. A higher proportion of vitamin D was obtained from fish dishes in families with higher PEL (low 4.3%, medium 4.5%, high 6.1%, p=0.005), but otherwise there were no differences in the proportions of the main sources. The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was lowest in families with low PEL but the total intake of vitamin D was adequate in all groups (low 18.3, medium 20.7, high 20.7 µg/day, p=0.001). The use of vitamin D fortified fluid milk products and fat spreads and the vitamin D supplementation seem to ensure adequate vitamin D intake in all children, regardless the level of parental education.

Conflict of Interest

Liisa Korkalo is a board member of the company TwoDads P3-32-03 Associations of sugar intake with anthropometrics in children from ages 2 until 8 years in the EU Childhood Obesity Project

Nicole Aumueller1, Dariusz Gruszfeld2, Kinga Gradowska3, Joaquín Escribano4,5, Natalia Ferré5, Annick Xhonneux6, Elvira Verduci7, Alice ReDionigi7, Berthold Koletzko1, Veit Grote1 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. 2Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Warsaw, Portugal. 3Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Warsaw, Poland. 4Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain. 5Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain. 6CHC St. Vincent, Liège-Rocourt, Belgium. 7Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Abstract

Introduction: The influence of sugar intake on body composition during childhood is still inconclusive. We determined the association of total sugar intake, irrespective of the additional energy provided, with body weight and fat mass in children and potential changes in the association from 2 to 8 years of age. Materials and Methods: Data was available from the Childhood Obesity Project Trial. Sugar intake was measured by 3-day-weighed food protocols at 2,3,4,5,6, and 8 years of age. Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were available at the same time points. To investigate the association of sugar intake with anthropometrics over time, linear mixed models were applied. Odds ratios for having a high BMI or FMI (above one standard deviation) were estimated by logistic random effects models. To control for total energy intake, the residual method was chosen and models were additionally adjusted for total energy intake. Results: Data was available for 809 children with in total 2 846 observations. Sugar intake was associated with an increase in zBMI and zFMI. However, in an isocaloric model an increase of 100 kcal from sugar per day was significantly associated with lower zBMI (-0.033; 95%CI: -0.061, -0.005) and zFMI (-0.050; 95%CI: -0.089, -0.011). In addition, a 100 kcal higher sugar intake was related to lower odds of having a high zBMI (OR= 0.743; 95%CI: 0.611, 0.903). An increase of 100 kcal of energy intake was significantly associated with an increase of zBMI (0.055; 95% CI: 0.044, 0.066) and zFMI (0.058, 95% CI: 0.043, 0.074) and higher odds of having a high zBMI (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.233, 1.467) or zFMI (OR=1.185, 95%CI: 1.087, 1.292). Discussion: This study provides no indication that increased sugar intake positively affects BMI beyond adding unnecessary energy. Whether the negative association of sugar is due to physiological effects or points more to macronutrient preferences or a reporting bias (lower sugar intake) in children with higher BMI can be debated.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-32-04 Analysis of dietary habits and health status in a court of young athletes in Northern Italy practicing Athletic disciplines

Emanuela Cazzaniga1, Annalisa Terenzio1, Alessandra Pozzi1, Alice Cassera1, Andrea Greco2, Antonina Orlando1, Paola Palestini1 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, MONZA, Italy. 2Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo , Bergamo, Italy

Abstract

Introduction - A balanced diet is a fundamental component of athletes' health, training and performance. WHO dietary guidelines highlight the importance of maintaining a normal BMI, limiting the intake of sugars (especially sweetened foods and beverages), eating at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day, drink lots of clean water (at least 2 L per day for children older than 13 and for adults). HBSC-Italy study reveals that children have frequently bad eating habits, such as consuming sweetened drinks and not enough fruits and vegetables. Indeed, 21.3% of Italian children are overweight and 9.3% are obese. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nutritional and health status of a population of Northern Italy children and adolescents practicing Athletics, investigating for both endurance and not endurance disciplines. Data obtained are a starting point for focused food education interventions aimed at improving health and sport performance. Materials and Methods – A cohort of 125 athletes (12-25 years, 42.4% male, 57.6% female). Two groups were created: children (12-17 years) and adults (18-25 years). Weight, height, waist circumference, triceps and subscapularis skinfolds were measured in order to calculate BMI, Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr), body adiposity and muscle mass. At baseline and after 1 year (follow-up) from a nutritional educational intervention, the anthropometric measures and dietary habits were tested with a validated dietary screening survey, considering food quality, portions and frequencies of consumption, were taken. Results – At Baseline, more than 85% of athletes were found to be normal weight with WHtR <0.5. All the athletes showed body adiposity in the normal range. Regarding food habits, most athletes do not take the recommended daily fruit and vegetable servings follow Italian trend. Only about 20% of children athletes assumes the water daily intake. On the contrary, about 50% of athletes in every group drink sweetened beverages every day. The data collection after the personalized food education meetings will be collected in May 2019. Discussion- The athletes of cohort shows a good health status but nutritional habits present critical issue. For this reasons, there is a need of nutritional education for improving healthy eating habits in young athletes in order to impact positively on future health status and on sport performance.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-32-05 Exploring the needs and perceptions regarding healthy eating among people at risk of food insecurity: a qualitative analysis

Laura van der Velde1, Linde Schuilenburg1, Jyothi Thrivikraman2, Mattijs Numans1, Jessica Kiefte-de Jong1 1LUMC-Campus The Hague, The Hague, Netherlands. 2LUC, The Hague, Netherlands

Abstract

Introduction Healthy eating behaviors are essential determinants of overall health. These behaviors are generally poor among people at risk of experiencing food insecurity, which may be caused by many factors including perceived higher costs of healthy foods, financial stress, inadequate nutrition knowledge, and inadequate skills required for healthy food preparation. Few studies have examined how these factors influence eating behaviors among people at risk of experiencing food insecurity. We therefore aimed to gain a better understanding of the needs and perceptions regarding healthy eating in this target group. Methods We conducted a qualitative open interview study with 10 participants at risk of experiencing food insecurity. Thematic analysis identified four core themes on factors influencing healthy eating behaviors: (1) health related topics, influences on eating behaviors by both the (2) social and (3) physical environment, and (4) financial influences on eating behaviors. Results Overall, participants showed adequate nutrition knowledge. However, eating behaviors were strongly influenced by both social environmental factors (e.g. child food preferences and cultural food habits), and physical environmental factors (e.g. temptations in the local food environment). Perceived barriers for healthy eating behaviors included poor mental health, financial stress, and high prices of healthy foods. Participants had a generally positive and conscious attitude towards their financial situation, among others reflected in their strategies to cope with a limited budget. Food insecurity was mostly mentioned in reference to the past or to others and not to participants’ own current experiences. Participants were familiar with several existing resources to reduce food-related financial strain and generally had a positive attitude towards these resources. An exception was the Food Bank, which was highly criticized on its food parcel content. Proposed new resources included distributing free meals, facilitating social contacts, increasing healthy food supply in the neighborhood, and lowering prices of healthy foods. Conclusion The insights from this study increase understanding of factors influencing healthy eating behaviors of people at risk of food insecurity. Therefore, this study could inform future development of potential interventions aiming at helping people at risk of experiencing food insecurity to improve healthy eating, thereby decreasing the risk of diet-related diseases.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-33-01 Adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle is inversely associated with insomnia presence and severity: cross-sectional analysis in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Ioanna Kechribari1, Meropi Kontogianni1, Michael Georgoulis1, Kallirroi Lamprou2, Antonia Kalogera1, Emmanouil Vagiakis2, Nikos Yiannakouris1 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 2Center of Sleep Disorders, 1st Department of Critical Care, “Evangelismos” General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Abstract

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder and frequently co-occurs with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a chronic disease characterized by repetitive pauses of breathing during sleep due to obstructions of the upper airways. The link between lifestyle and sleep quantity and quality is an area of intensive research, however data exploring associations between lifestyle habits and insomnia symptoms are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (ML), a healthy lifestyle pattern incorporating the prudent Mediterranean diet, adequate physical activity and healthy sleep habits, and insomnia presence and severity. The study sample consisted of 243 adult patients with polysomnography-diagnosed OSA. Participants’ insomnia-related disorders were evaluated through the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), an 8-item index ranging from 0 (absence of any sleep-related problem) to 24 (severe degree of insomnia); AIS values of >6 were used to establish the diagnosis of insomnia. All patients were evaluated with regard to anthropometric indices and lifestyle habits, and adherence to the ML was estimated through the MEDLIFE index, a 28-item index ranging from 0 to 28, with higher values indicating greater proximity to the healthy lifestyle of the Mediterranean region. An inverse correlation was observed between the MEDLIFE index and total AIS (rho=-0.22, p=0.001), as well as most individual components of AIS, including difficulty in sleep induction (rho=-0.14, p=0.03), awakenings during the night (rho=-0.2, p=0.008), short sleep duration (rho=-0.16, p=0.01), low quality of sleep (rho=-0.13, p=0.05), low well-being during the day (rho=-0.16, p=0.02), and low functioning capacity during the day (rho=-0.15, p=0.02). Patients with insomnia (AIS>6), compared to those without (AIS≤6), exhibited lower MEDLIFE index values [13 (11-15) vs. 14 (12-15), P=0.002], had more severe OSA as assessed by the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI) [55 (24-87) vs. 35 (17-57) events/hour, P<0.001] and tended to have higher body mass index (BMI) [35.0 (30.6-39.7) vs. 32.4 (29.5-38.6) kg/m2, P=0.06]. According to logistic regression analysis, MEDLIFE index was inversely associated with the presence of insomnia (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.80-0.99, P=0.04) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, BMI, daily energy intake and AHI. In conclusion, a higher adherence to the ML is inversely associated with insomnia presence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Future research should assess whether this association applies in other samples, as well as whether the ML could be an efficient therapeutic tool alleviating or treating insomnia symptoms.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-33-02 Impact of Dietary Fibre Intake on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Markers

Ezgi Ozen, Elinor Read, Rada Mihaylova, Michelle Weech, Julie Lovegrove, Kim Jackson Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition,University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom

Abstract

Background: Diets higher in fibre have been associated with beneficial effects on cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk markers including obesity, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, the relationship between dietary fibre intake and body composition is unclear. Therefore, the objective of the study was to further assess the association between fibre intake, body composition and CMD risk markers. Materials and Methods: A single-centred cross-sectional study was conducted in 277 healthy adults (n=107 men and n=170) women with a mean age of 41 (SD 16) y and body mass index (BMI) of 23.9 (SD 3.8) kg/m2. Total body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake was assessed with a 4-day weighed food diary.CMD risk markers included fasting lipids and glucose quantified using an ILAB 600 clinical chemistry analyser and clinic blood pressure measured using an Omron blood pressure monitor. Results: Average AOAC fibre intake in the cohort was 23.0 (SD 9) g/day, with higher intakes found in men (25.0 (SD 10.3) g/day) than women (21.9 (SD 7.8) g/day; P=0.015). AOAC fibre intakes were significantly weakly correlated with weight (rs =0.142), percentage body fat (rs=0.193), bone mineral density (rs=0.156) and fat free mass (rs= 0.257; P≤0.009), and inversely correlated with fasting total cholesterol (rs =-0.124), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (rs= 0.144) and total to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (rs =-0.129; P≤0.042). After stratifying data according to quartiles of AOAC fibre intake and adjusting for covariates (including age, sex, BMI, weight, energy expended per day through physical activity and total energy intake per day) total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in quartiles (Q)3 (21.0- 29.5 g/d) and Q4 (30-63.5 g/d) than Q1 (3.0-18.8 g/d) and Q2 (19.3-20.9 g/d). Systolic blood pressure was also lower in Q4 than Q1 and Q2 (P<0.05). Anthropometric and body composition measures were not found to be different across quartiles of increasing AOAC fibre intake. Discussion: Findings from this cross-sectional study have revealed daily fibre consumption greater than 21 g to be associated with lower fasting total and LDL cholesterol, and intakes ≥30 g also associated with lower systolic blood pressure. With only 9% of UK adults meeting the current recommended intake, raising public awareness of the importance of dietary fibre is an important strategy for CMD prevention.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-33-03 Associations between the home environment and children’s fruit, vegetable and confectionary/sugary drink intakes

Carolina Bassul1, Clare A Corish2, John M Kearney1 1School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 2School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

The home environment is acknowledged as an important setting that can shape dietary habits in early childhood. For instance, parents influence their children’s dietary intakes through the foods they make available to their children, their own eating habits and their parenting practices. The aim of this cross- sectional study was to determine the associations between home environmental characteristics and children’s fruit, vegetable and confectionary/sugary drink intakes. A total of 332 children aged 3-5 years old and their parents/guardians participated in the study. Home environmental characteristics, including mealtimes, child television viewing, parental control feeding practices, food availability and accessibility, were explored using questions from validated questionnaires. Parent and child food consumption was also measured. The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. Independent variables (home environment and parental diet) were included in the multivariate analysis if they were significant in the bivariate analysis. An association between household income and children’s fruit intake was observed with children from lower income households being 54% less likely to eat fruit daily (95% CI 0.22 – 0.96, p<0.040) compared with those from higher income households. Home food availability also influenced children’s fruit intake. Greater variety of fruits available in the home increased the likelihood of fruit consumption in children (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.68, p<0.005). Watching television for ≥1 hour per day had a negative impact on children’s diets, decreasing their probability of eating vegetables on a daily basis (OR 0.38 95% Cl 0.22 – 0.72, p<0.003) and increasing by 2.7 times their likelihood of consuming confectionary/sugary drink more than once a week (95% CI 1.11 – 6.36, p<0.027). Those children whose parents had lower vegetable consumption and higher confectionary intake were 59% less likely to eat vegetables, and 4.42 times more likely to consume confectionary/sugary drinks (OR 0.41, 95%Cl 0.21 – 0.82, p<0.012) and (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.69 – 11.59, p<0.002) respectively. Pressure to eat from parents was associated with lower fruit intake only (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 – 0.96, p<0.032). This study has demonstrated that modifiable home environmental characteristics were significantly associated with decreased fruit and vegetable intake and increased confectionary/sugary drink consumption among children aged 3-5 years. These findings may help in the development of intervention strategies to encourage a healthier diet for this age group.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-33-04 The association of food insecurity with some socioeconomic factors and osteoporosis in women over 45 years of age in Kermanshaah

Ehsan Nozari, Amir Hossein Norooznezhad Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract

Introduction: Food security is the concept for the access of all people at all times to enough nutritious and healthy food for an active and healthy life. Though people with food insecurity are expected to have low body fat stores, low bone density and less overweight, this correlation has not been well defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of food insecurity level with some related socioeconomic factors and also its association with bone mineral density in women over 45 years of age referring to bone mineral density measurements centers in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women over 45 years of age. In order to determine some of the demographic characteristics of the household as well as the level of food insecurity, the socioeconomic information questionnaire and the 9-item questionnaire of food safety status of the Agricultural Organization of the United States were completed in an in-person interview. Bone density of the individuals was measured using the DEXA method (left femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae L1-L4). ANOVA test was used to compare the level of parametric quantitative variables, and Kruskal–Wallis for nonparametric data. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between food insecurity level and quantitative variables. Results: fifty three percent of the subjects (191) had some levels of food insecurity. There was no significant association between bone densitometry results and food security level (r=0.079, P=0.304). Also there was no significant difference in the body mass index of the subjects among the four levels of food security (P=0.56). The number of pregnancies significantly varies among the four levels of food security in the subjects, and decreases with increasing the level of food security (P=0.005). There was no significant difference between the number of employed persons in the women's households in the four levels of food security (P=0.81). Significant correlation was found between bone density with family size(r=0.223, P=0.003), and history of menopause (r=0.519, P=0.001), but not with familial history of osteoporosis, and some of the food components intake (P>0.05). Discussion : The lack of a meaningful statistical relationship between food security, bone density, and body mass index in the present study may be due to the fact that food insecurity of some households was temporary and economic pressures was due to job loss or seasonal changes, thus sustainability has no effect on anthropometric indices.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-33-05 An Evaluation of Food Provision to Jockeys in the Weigh Room at Irish Racecourses

Esme / Ruth Ward / Drennan1, Adrian McGoldrick2, Clare Corish1, Gillian O' Loughlin3 1University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 2Irish Horseracing Regulatory Board, The Curragh, Ireland. 3Horse Racing Ireland, The Curragh, Ireland

Abstract

Horse racing is a unique weight-making sport which requires jockeys to maintain a chronically low body weight throughout an extended racing season. These athletes typically eat one main meal per day when racing and often depend on racecourses for food provision. To date, racecourse catering provision to jockeys in Ireland has not been assessed. The aims of this study were to evaluate food provision at racecourses in Ireland, assess jockeys’ satisfaction with current food provision and to explore key stakeholders’ perceptions of current food provision. An audit tool was used to evaluate current food provision at 25 of the 26 Irish racecourses. The audit was scored out of 44.5 points and each racecourse was categorised as <50% ‘Requires nutritional guidance from a dietitian/sports nutritionist’, 50-60% ‘Bronze’, 61-75% ‘Silver’, 76-90% ‘Gold’, >90% ‘Platinum’. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with jockeys (n = 125), racecourse managers (n = 2), racecourse catering managers (n = 2), and race day caterers (n = 1) to establish their perspectives on current food provision. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Audit scores ranged from 14.5 - 27.5. Based on their current food provision, nine racecourses were identified as ‘Requiring nutritional guidance from a dietitian/sports nutritionist’, 13 were categorized as ‘Bronze’ and two as ‘Silver’. Grade 3 racecourses achieved significantly lower audit scores than Grade 1 and 2 racecourses. Jockeys’ satisfaction ratings were positively associated with audit score. The main themes identified by jockeys included hot food, autonomy over food choices, and greater variety of foods. The main themes identified by managerial and catering staff were categorised under two domains, including perceptions of and factors influencing current provision, and barriers to and facilitators for improved provision. Support from a dietitian/sports nutritionist was identified in 22 of the 25 racecourses to improve food provision to support the needs of modern-day jockeys. Recommendations include development of minimum standards for weigh room food provision and basic training for catering staff on healthy, appetizing foods that are conducive to making weight. Guidelines endorsed by the Irish Horse Racing Regulatory Board (IHRB), Horse Racing Ireland (HRI) and the Irish Jockeys Association (IJA) should be developed and food provision at racecourses should be audited regularly. Achievable racecourse-specific interventions should be implemented to improve the provision of food and nutrient delivery to this athlete population.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-34-01 Intestinal microbiota analysis supports inclusion of gluten-free oats to diet of subjects with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity

Lotta Nylund1, Salla Hakkola1, Leo Lahti1, Seppo Salminen1, Baoru Yang1, Marko Kalliomäki2,1, Kaisa Linderborg1 1University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Abstract

Gluten-related disorders form the umbrella term for all conditions related to gluten ingestion, such as celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). A life-long exclusion of gluten from diet is currently the only effective treatment in remitting the symptoms of these diseases. However, a life-long, strict GFD is challenging to maintain due to social and economic burdens. In addition, it may lead to restricted and nutritionally suboptimal diet. Thus, the possibility of using nutritious and fiber-rich oats would diversify the GFD, improving general palatability, sensory properties such as texture and fiber-content of the diet. Pure oats are being grown and produced following strict agricultural practices to minimize any contamination with other cereals. Indeed, consumption of pure, uncontaminated oats would allow a wider selection of foods for individuals with gluten related disorders. However, the inclusion of oats into GFD is not globally applied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of oat products on intestinal microbiota composition and activity in subjects with gluten-related disorders. Subjects with CeD (n=19) or NCGS (n=10) and healthy volunteers (n=14) were recruited to the study. Study subjects completed food diaries for four days preceding fecal sample collection. Intestinal microbiota composition was characterized using 16S MiSeq sequencing. The total energy intake was comparable between the study groups. However, NCGS subjects consumed more energy (E %) from protein and less from carbohydrates when compared to healthy controls (p=0.025 and p=0.045, respectively). Dietary fiber intake was relatively high in all subjects and no differences were observed between the study groups (p= 0.79). Total microbiota profiles were comparable between CeD, NCGS and healthy controls. In addition, no differences were observed in microbiota richness or diversity between the study groups. Phylum-level microbial abundances exhibited high inter-individual variation, but did not differ between the study groups. To conclude, microbiota markers demonstrated that oat consumption was safe and beneficial for subjects with CeD or NCGS. Oat consumption was shown to enrich available gluten-free diets and to increase dietary fiber intake to the recommended levels.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-34-02 Microbial production of essential and toxic compounds among oat- using CeD and NCGS patients

Salla Hakkola1, Lotta Nylund1, Baoru Yang1, Marko Kalliomäki2,3, Kaisa Linderborg1 1Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 3Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

Abstract

The recent development of diagnostic methods and current well-being trend have increased the awareness of gluten-related diseases, such as celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), 1% and 6 % of general population, respectively. Currently for both CeD and NCGS, the only effective treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet, which makes adequate intake of fiber challenging. Despite of improving gut function, dietary fibers promote the growth of gut beneficial microbes. They are in charge of production of numerous compounds, which are essential for human health, such as enzymes and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Moreover, dietary fiber has an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen levels and beta-glucuronidase activity, which are harmful for human in high concentrations. Gluten-free oats are an excellent source of dietary fiber and they have exceptionally good nutritional properties. In this observational study, SCFA production, ammoniacal nitrogen levels and beta-glucuronidase activity of oat-using CeD patients, NCGS patients and healthy controls were compared. SPME-GC-MS method was developed for SCFA analysis and the other biomarkers were analyzed by spectrophotometer. There were no significant differences between groups on propionic acid and butyric acid production, only the percentage of acetic acid of total SCFAs was higher in control group compared to NCGS group, (p = 0,03). Neither was there significant differences between groups in ammonia production or beta-glucuronidase activity. It has been scientifically proven that pure oats are suitable for celiac disease and gluten-sensitive patients, but they are not commonly used outside of Scandinavia. Our results stated that oat-using CeD and NCGS patients, whose disease is in balance, have gut microbiota capable of healthy production of essential SCFAs and normal levels of harmful compounds.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-34-03 Comparison of nutritional calculators in the Czech Republic

Monika Sabolová, Tereza Kuchynková, Lenka Kouřimská Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

As the interest in healthy lifestyle and nutrition is continually increasing, so is the interest in calculating the nutritional value of the diet. This is also the reason why nutritional calculators are being used, which make it easier to find nutritional values not only by nutritional therapists but also by the general public. Most of the studies currently focus on comparing the nutritional values found analytically with those available in the food composition databases, especially for individual foods and less for whole foods or even menus. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to find out which nutritional calculators are most used in the Czech Republic and consequently to compare the nutritional values of the sample diet obtained using selected nutritional calculators.

To obtain the results, a questionnaire survey was used in which 176 respondents aged over 15 were approached, with the most represented age group being people aged 19-25 (44%). Subsequently, 5 nutritional calculators ("kaloricketabulky.cz", "nutriservis.cz", "mojenutrinety.cz", "stobklub.cz" and "myfitnesspal.com") were selected and the nutritional value (energy, content of protein, carbohydrates, sugars, fats, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, fiber, and salt) of three-day diet that was set for a 23-year-old woman, with a height of 173 cm, a weight of 73 kg, and moderate physical activity that was reducing in nature. Based on this data, the daily energy intake of 8533 kJ was calculated. The results showed that 65% of respondents used nutritional calculators. The most well-known and most widely used nutritional calculator in the Czech Republic was the calculator "kaloricketabulky.cz", which 70% of respondents knew and 55% used it. Calculators "bezhladoveni.cz" (4%), "nutriservis.cz" (2%) were used to a much lesser extent. Comparison of selected nutritional calculators shows that no statistically significant difference was found in the nutrient content. The only exception was the content of saturated fatty acids, which differed significantly when using various calculators to calculate the diet (p <0.05). However, not every database provides information about all foods and all nutrients present, which makes it much more difficult to compare. In addition, many factors such as geographic origin, climatic conditions, and changes during food processing and storage may affect nutrient content in foods, which may be why many authors agree that analytically determined values may not match values that are listed in food composition databases, which can then be used as a data source and nutritional calculators.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-34-04 Nitrite intake in Polish population

Katarzyna Stos1, Miroslaw Jarosz1, Jaroslaw Pinkas2, Maciej Oltarzewski1, Barbara Wojda1, Marta Dmitruk3 1Institute of Food and Nutrition, Warsaw, Poland. 2Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, Warsaw, Poland. 3National Institute of Public Health – NIH, Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Nitrites are commonly used as food additives E 249 and E 250 in the production of meat products, mainly to protect them from the contamination of bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The nitrite intake should be limited because of their potential carcinogenicity in humans (IARC). The EFSA experts derived an ADI of 0.1 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw per day, corresponding to 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. Besides the meat products the other its sources are: cheese and fish products. The aim of this work was the assessment of nitrite intake (expressed as sodium nitrite) with the diet of Polish population. The data on sodium nitrite intake were based on the daily consumption of food products and dishes by the representative sample of Polish population (4134 persons) aged 1-96 years studied in 2000 and the actual content of this substance in food products. These data were combined with the results of the chemical analyses made by the State Sanitary Inspection. The risk assessment was based on the sodium nitrite intake calculations of: mean (X), median (Me), percentile 95 (P95) and its comparison to ADI. The data were analysed in the respect of the total studied sample and the group ‘consumers only’. The statistical analyses with use of U-Mann-Whitney test were done. The daily sodium nitrite intake expressed in mg/persons/day was as follow: 1.87 (X), 1.03 (Me) and 6.88 (P95) in the group of total surveyed persons. The percent of ADI was as follow: 31.8% (X), 17.4% (Me) and 111% (P95). The mean and median values did not exceed the ADI level in all studied groups. However the sodium nitrite intake at the level of P95 exceeded the ADI value in the most surveyed groups, except women. The most exposed group were children aged 1-3 (P95=287% ADI). The NaNO2 intake in the group ‘consumers only’ in mg/person/day was resulted as follow: 2.39 (X), 1.53 (Me) and 7.60 (P95) whereas the % of ADI was: 40.7% (X), 26.2% (Me) and 122% (P95) respectively. The Polish population was characterized by the average intake of sodium nitrite at the safe level (below ADI). However, there were observed some intake of sodium nitrite (P95 level) which exceed ADI. A balanced and varied diet, with limited consumption of meat products (up to 0.5 kg per week) will help to diminish the risk of excessive intake of nitrites by consumers in Poland.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-34-05 Characterising the plant based component of the Irish diet in terms of its nutritional quality

Gráinne Kent1,2, Laura Kehoe1, Róisín McCarthy1, Breige A. McNulty3, Anne P. Nugent4, Albert Flynn1, Janette Walton2 1School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. 2Dept. Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland. 3UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 4Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Abstract

A diet rich in plant-based foods with fewer animal products may offer improved health and environmental benefits. There is little consensus on the definition for a plant-based diet in the literature with some defining it as one rich in vegetables, legumes, fruits, wholegrains, nuts and seeds, excluding animal foods and with heavy restrictions on processed foods. Other definitions make no reference to the inclusion/exclusion of processed foods and refer only to the exclusion of all animal foods from the total diet. This study aimed to examine the nutritional quality of the Irish diet using each of these plant-based diet definitions. A 4-day semi-weighed food record collected food intake data from 1500 Irish adults (18-90y) in the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). Nutrient intake was analysed using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition databases. All foods and beverages consumed in the NANS were categorised (included/excluded) into the two definitions; 1.plant-based component of the diet and 2.total diet excluding all animal components. The plant-based component included vegetables, legumes, fruits, wholegrains, nuts and seeds and excluded all animal foods and processed foods. The second categorisation included all non-animal foods regardless of processing. Nutritional quality was assessed by estimating energy-adjusted intakes of macronutrients, saturated fat, free sugars, dietary fibre and sodium. Stastical analysis was conducted using SPSS© v24. The plant-based component of the diet provided 309±214kcal/d (1.3±0.9MJ/d) comprising of 68% carbohydrate, 20% fat and 12% protein. Mean intakes of saturated fat and free sugars from the plant-based component of the diet were 5% of energy (%E) and 1%E, respectively. Mean intakes of dietary fibre and sodium were 70g/10MJ and 1855mg/10MJ, respectively. Allowing for inclusion of processed foods, mean energy intake from the total diet excluding all animal foods was 1051±411kcal/d (4.4±1.7MJ/d) comprising of 66% carbohydrate, 23% fat and 10% protein. Mean intakes of saturated fat and free sugars were 7%E and 14%E, respectively. Mean intakes of dietary fibre and sodium were 40g/10MJ and 2642mg/10MJ, respectively. Overall, the macronutrient profile of the plant-based component of the diet and the total diet excluding animal foods were similar. However, the plant-based component of the diet was of higher nutritional quality; providing lower intakes of saturated fat, free sugar and sodium and higher intakes of dietary fibre compared to the total diet excluding animal foods. This study highlights the variability in nutritional quality between different definitions of plant based-diets.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-35-01 Application of the WHO nutrient profile model on food product data recorded for the Austrian project “Food in the Spotlight”

Bettina Meidlinger1, Christian Luipersbeck1, Melanie U. Bruckmüller1, Birgit Dieminger-Schnürch1, Bernadette Bürger-Schwaninger1, Stefan Spitzbart2, Karin Schindler3, Klemens Fuchs1, Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer1 1Austrian Agency for Health & Food Safety, Vienna, Austria. 2Main Association of Austrian Social Security Institutions, Vienna, Austria. 3Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria

Abstract

Introduction: Children are exposed to marketing of foods with a high content of energy, fat, sugar and salt on a daily basis, which can have negative consequences via increasing children’s preferences for those foods. An unhealthy diet can promote obesity and other noncommunicable diseases. The objective of this scientific work was to assess the applicability of the nutrient profile model (NPM) for food products available in the Austrian market. The model was developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe to reduce the impact of marketing to children. Material and Methods: The NPM was applied to food product information, which was recorded for the project “Food in the Spotlight” (www.lebensmittellupe.at). Food products were assigned to food categories made by the WHO and the NPM was applied to identify products, which should not be allowed to be marketed to children. As the WHO NPM is flexible and can be adapted to the national context possible adaptations of the model to the Austrian market were developed. Results: Among those product groups which were included in Food in the Spotlight 0% of cocoa (n=89), milk drinks with additional ingredients (e.g. strawberry milk, n=111), soup pearl croutons (n=13), ketchups (n=79) and pestos (n=119), 0.4% of soft drinks (Cola, lemonade etc., n=454), 8% of pizza and pizza-like products (n=274), 13% of yoghurt products with additional ingredients (n=611), 18% of sugos (n=193), 28% of fruit and vegetable purees (n=36) and 33% of breakfast cereals (n=678) were found to be eligible for marketing to children. Those 0.4% of soft drinks which would be allowed are two waters flavoured with aroma. Pure products such as whole milk and yoghurts with 3.5% fat would not be allowed because they exceed the thresholds for total fat. For those products with a packaging appealing to children and adolescents almost none passed the NPM. Conclusion: Our results showed, that before the NPM can be implemented in Austria, it is important to adapt the model to national dietary guidelines. Additionally, food categories could be modified to be more suitable for the Austrian market, as some products which are common in Austria could not be easily assigned to the WHO food categories. To adapt the WHO NPM to the national context cooperation between health experts and food manufacturers is necessary.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-35-02 Policy driven improvement of the school food environment for the Bulgarian first-graders in the period 2008-2016

Vesselka Duleva, Ekaterina Chikova-Ischener, Lalka Rangelova, Plamen Dimitrov National Centre of Public Health and Analysesc, Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Introduction The disbalanced school food environment may be a significant factor contributing to the childhood obesity epidemic observed in the last decades worldwide and in Bulgaria. Policy measures targeting to improve the food and beverage availability at the school premises, to include nutrition education in the school curriculum and to implement initiatives aiming to promote a healthy lifestyle among children and their families, all have the potential to help lowering the prevalence of childhood obesity and improve the well-being and health of the children. The aim of the present study is to assess the policy driven improvement of the school food environment for the Bulgarian first-graders within the period 2008-2016. Materials and methods Three cross-sectional studies among 7-year-old schoolchildren in Bulgaria were carried out on nationally representative samples of about 3500 children selected from the same sample of primary schools in the years 2008, 2013 and 2016 as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). The present study is based on the data collected through questionnaire on the school environment characteristics. Results Within the nationally representative sample of schools from 2008 to 2016 there is decrease in the percentage of schools with availability at their premises of salty snacks (from 73.7% to 32.3%), sweet snacks (from 76.5% to 49.7%), cold drinks with sugar (from 68.2% to 10.1%) and fruit juices with sugar (from 69.3% to 8.7%), paralleled by increase in the proportion of schools offering vegetables (from 17.9% to 59.8%) and fresh fruits (from 36.9% to 87.4%). Most of the schools have nutrition education as a separate class or included in the curriculum (92.4% of the schools in 2008 and 91.5% in 2016). There is marked increase in the proportion of schools that have initiatives to promote healthy lifestyles (from 42.4% in 2008 to 68.3% in 2016). Discussion The legislative and policy measures initiated within the period 2008-2016 have led to significant improvement in the profile of foods and drinks available at the school premises, as well as higher involvement of the schools in initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles. These positive changes in the school food environment have probably important role for the trend for plateauing in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-year-old schoolchildren observed within the same study.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-35-03 The effect of single-nutrient reformulation initiatives on the nutrient profile of foods: a systematic review.

Mathilde Gressier, Alexa Segal, Franco Sassi, Gary Frost Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Abstract

In an effort to promote population health, governments and businesses are promoting food reformulation initiatives. In most instances, these initiatives have focused on reducing the amount of individual nutrients such as trans-fatty acids (TFA) or sodium, and generally they have been successful at doing so. However, the impact of single-nutrient reformulation on the broader nutrient profile of foods, and on the overall quality of people’s diet, remains unclear. We have undertaken a systematic review of evidence of the impact of single- nutrient reformulation on the overall nutrient profile of foods, covering both peer-reviewed studies and grey literature. The outcome of interest was the nutrient composition of the reformulated food or food category. Only 17 studies reported the effect of initiatives on reformulated products’ nutrient profile (44 studies reported on only the targeted nutrient). Results are heterogeneous. Six studies investigated the impact of TFA reduction initiatives, showing different impacts on the reformulated products’ fat profile, with saturated fats (SFA) decreasing in parallel in some studies, but increasing in others. Similarly, when sodium was reduced, sugar, SFA and calories changed in different directions in different studies. Six studies assessed the effect of mandatory calorie labelling in restaurants, two leading to a reduction in energy intake, one to an increase in sugar and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting a worsened nutrient profile. Of the companies participating in England’s sugar reformulation initiative, only 13% also reduced total energy. Results highlight the limited research on the effect of reformulation strategies on the overall nutrient composition of foods. Only 28% of the studies that analyse the impact of policies incentivising single nutrient reformulation report the effect on the foods’ complete nutrient profile after reformulation. Over a third of the studies show that reducing the targeted nutrient comes at a cost – namely other nutrients may be increased. To produce the desire health impact, reformulation policies must incentivise improvements of the overall nutrient profile of products.

Conflict of Interest

Acknowledgements: MG is the recipient of an unconditional PhD Studentship grant from Nestec. Nestec has no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the protocol and research paper. P3-35-05 Analysis of implementation of global nutrition policies to tackle the double burden of malnutrition in Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia

Sylvie J.P. van den Assum, Semnen R. Lambert, Inge de Bresser, Rutger A. Schilpzand Choices International Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands

Abstract

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is described as the co-existence of undernutrition and overweight or diet-related non-communicable diseases within a country, community or an individual (WHO). It is a major global issue, affecting approximately half of the worlds’ population. International organizations have published policy reports to function as guidelines for national implementation to tackle the double burden of malnutrition. The goal of this study is to analyze the advancement of the implementation of these recommendations in a number of middle-income countries. Reports and recommendations on policies against DBM from 10 leading international organizations are analyzed and compared on several aspects, such as proposed measures, stakeholder involvement and target population. These organizations are UN, FAO, WHO, EAT forum, GAIN, World Food Program, World Bank, UNICEF, IFPRI and Global Panel on Agriculture and food systems for Nutrition. The level of implementation of the described policies is studied for Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia by means of desk research and stakeholder interviews. These (semi-structured) interviews are based on the encountered information gaps within the desk research. Stakeholders were selected from a variety of organizations, such as government, NGO’s, consumer organizations, science and industry in order to be able to examine the subject from different angles. The study is still ongoing at the time of abstract submission. The (preliminary) results and conclusions will be presented and they are expected to describe per country which nutrition policies against DBM are initiated or implemented. Major learnings and best practices of these implementations will be reported and major differences and similarities between implementations in Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia will be described and compared with the policy guidelines from the leading health organizations. These results may be used as learning when policies against DBM are newly implemented in other middle-income countries or to improve existing policies.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-36-01 Sugars content in foods for infants and young children in Bulgarian markets

Angelina Partzova, Lalka Rangelova, Ekaterina Chikova-Ischener National Centre of Public Health and Analyses , Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Introduction: A sale of commercial foods for infants and young children in Bulgaria has grown rapidly in the last years. Recent evidence suggests that the nutritional content of some commercial foods for infants and young children may be associated with the risk factors for development of non-communicable diseases later on life. The aims of the study were to collect data on available food products for infants and young children (0-36 months) in Bulgaria and to assess the sugars content in them. The survey is part of WHO Regional Office for Europe project: Commercial foods for infants and young children in the WHO European Region. Materials and methods: The data was collected in November 2017 in two districts in capital city Sofia using the mobile questionnaire, developed by WHO Regional Office for Europe. Total sugars content of the products, where declared on the label, was recorded for 3153 products (breast-milk, follow-on formula, growing-up milk, complementary foods) from 91 shops (minimarket, pharmacy, drugstore, supermarket, baby goods store). Additional information was collected from the label for the presence of sugars or any other sweetening agents. Results:The results reviled that the maximum total sugars content in different products ranged from 0 g per 100 kcal to 25 g per 100 kcal. The products in Bulgarian markets have relatively high sugars contents and the energy from sugars was 15% in 67% of products; more than 30% in 49% of studded foods and more than 40% in 42% of foods for infants and young children. The most added sweetening agents were sugar -17.7% and fruit juice concentrate -16.9%. Discussion:These products can promote preference for sweet foods an early age and increase the risk of overweight and dental caries. The very high levels of sugars present in commercial products in Bulgarian market are cause for concern.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-36-02 Sugar content of yogurt products in the UK: A comparison between 2016 and 2019

Eimear Sutton, Neil Hancock, J. Bernadette Moore School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Abstract

Yogurt is a staple part of children’s diets and is perceived as a nutrient dense food for adults and children. However, yogurts are also a significant source of free sugars for children and are a target of the UK government’s sugar reduction programme, which has recommended a 20% reduction in the sugar content of yogurt and fromage frais products by 2020. With this in mind, in November 2016, we undertook a comprehensive survey of the nutrient contents of yogurt products in UK supermarkets (Moore et al. 2018). The aim of this work was to reassess the UK supermarkets yogurt products in 2019 and determine whether the sugar contents of yogurt products have been reduced. Product data was collected from the UK’s top five online supermarkets in January 2019 using the search terms ‘yogurt’ and ‘yoghurt’. Products were placed systematically into the same 8 categories used in 2016: children’s, drinks, dairy alternatives, organic, natural/Greek, fruit, flavoured, desserts. Products lists were collected, refined and compared to the 2016 database. All data was double-checked independently and 5% of all entries were randomly selected and verified. GraphPad Prism V/7.0c was used for statistical analysis. After de-duplication of products found in multiple supermarkets, the 2019 database contained 893 unique products in line with the 898 surveyed in 2016. Of these, 539 (60.4%) yogurts were in common (same brand and name) with the 2016 products and 354 were new, demonstrating dynamic turnover in available yogurt products during the 26 months between surveys. In comparing the total sugar contents of the 539 paired products, notably the median [range] of total sugar contents in 2019 was significantly lower than in 2016 (10.8g/100g [0.4, 29.5] versus 11.8g/100g [0.1, 31.8]; P<0.0001, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test). Indeed, when all products were compared there was a significant reduction in the median total sugar in 2019 compared to 2016 (10.4g/100g [0-32.9] versus 11.9g/100g [0.1-32.6]; P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). Categories showing the most improvements were children’s, drinks and fruit yogurts. Fifteen percent of the 2019 products contained less than or equal to 5g/100g sugars, considered a ‘low sugar’ product, an improvement over the 9% identified in 2016. We conclude the sugar content of UK yogurt products has reduced since the sugar reduction program was put into place in 2016. However, a larger reduction in most categories is needed in order to reach the required 20% reduction by 2020.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-36-03 What are the barriers and facilitators to wholegrain consumption in children and adults?

Alexandra Meynier1, Aurélie Chanson-Rollé2, Elisabeth Riou3 1Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France. 2VAB-Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 3Nutrition Communication, Mondelez International, Saclay, France

Abstract

Wholegrain intake has been shown to reduce relative risk of several non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer). However, to date few countries have integrated quantitative recommendations for wholegrain in their dietary guidelines. When existing, the daily recommended intakes range between minimum 48 g/day (3 servings) in the USA up to 75 g/2400 kcal in Denmark. However, the actual wholegrain intakes are below these recommendations in almost all countries. In children, average intakes range from 2 g/day in Malaysia to 19 g/day in Ireland, and up to 58g/day in Denmark. In adults, they range between about 4 g/day in Italy to 29 g/day in Ireland, and reach 58 g/day in Denmark. In the USA, the average intake of wholegrain in the overall population is around 15 g/day. Therefore, an important objective is to increase wholegrain intakes by both children and adult populations. To reach that goal, it seems important to identify what are the main barriers and facilitating factors influencing wholegrain consumption in these populations. Therefore, we performed a literature review to better understand these influencing factors in both children and adults. In children and adolescents, the main identified barriers to wholegrain consumption were the poor availability of wholegrain foods a negative perception of the organoleptic characteristics of wholegrain foods (taste, texture and appearance), and the fact that wholegrain food products are generally considered to be time-consuming to prepare/eat and not convenient (in adolescents only). Additional barriers were the higher price of wholegrain products compared to the refined versions, and the difficulty to identify wholegrain foods. In parallel to these barriers, identified levers to facilitate wholegrain consumption by children and teens were to increase the availability of wholegrain foods, improve their sensory appeal (taste, texture and appearance), incorporate wholegrain in a variety of foods that are habitually consumed and well-liked by children and teens and convenient to eat, and improve labeling to help identifying wholegrain foods more easily. In children specifically, another facilitating factor could be to incorporate wholegrains through incremental increasing amounts and partial replacement of refined grains with wholegrains, and with repeated exposures. It will also be important to understand the influencing factors of wholegrain consumption in adults. This information will be valuable to develop new strategies, both at public health levels and industry levels, to increase wholegrain consumption in children and adults.

Conflict of Interest

Alexandra Meynier and Elisabeth Riou are employees of Mondelez International Aurélie Chanson-Rollé has been commissioned by Mondelez International for this work P3-36-04 Snapshots of the food environment: mapping of urban and rural food environments in high-, middle-, and low-income settings

Mark Spires1,2, Aravinda Khan Berggreen-Clausen3, Francis Xavier Kasujja4, Peter Delobelle1,5, Thandi Puoane1, David Sanders1, Meena Daivadanam3 1School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 2Centre for Food Policy – City, University of London, London, United Kingdom. 3Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 4School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. 5Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

A changing food environment, dominated by the ‘western’ diet, is implicated as a primary contributor to the observed increasing levels of NCDs. Mapping of food environments help understand the types of food and food-related information people are exposed to. The aim of this study was to identify and describe external food environments as part of a multi-site implementation trial (SMART2D) to improve self-management support for type 2 diabetes and high-risk individuals. The study settings included under-resourced areas in Uganda (low-income) and South Africa (middle-income) and socio-economically disadvantaged areas in Sweden (high- income), one matched pair of urban-rural settings per country. A modified tool (EPOCH) was used for observations. A total of 50 food retail outlets (Uganda:18, South Africa:19 and Sweden:13), classified as supermarkets, independent grocers, convenience stores, informal vendors, mobile vendors and markets, were assessed in-depth. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted; the ANH-FEWG food environment conceptual framework was used to interpret the results. Results are described in terms of availability, price, vendor and product properties, and marketing and regulation. In Uganda and South Africa, more types of food items were available in urban compared to rural settings. Confectionaries and sugar-sweetened beverages had a high presence across all study sites, except for rural Uganda. Supermarkets in urban settings generally offered all food items at a lower price than other outlets; in the rural settings, independent grocers as well as informal vendors (Uganda) offered the cheapest prices. Informal food retail outlets vastly outnumbered formal food retail outlets in the South African and Ugandan sites (in number, not size), while formal food retail outlets dominated the food environment in Sweden. There were more fast food outlets in the rural settings of South Africa and Uganda. There were more advertisements promoting unhealthy food items than those promoting a healthy lifestyle in all settings. Supermarkets had the most in-shop advertisements, in particular for sugar- sweetened beverages and unhealthy food. This study supports the informal food sector playing a key role in supplying urban and rural areas. Although the impact of the increasing presence of supermarkets on the food environment is still debated, here it was found that they play a role in in the marketing and availability of unhealthy food items. Further research is required to understand food environment interrelationships; this could be used to modify health aspects of food environments, potentially leading to a reduction in diet-related NCD outcomes.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-36-05 Food Messages Adolescents See Daily on Social Media: A Diary Study

Yara Qutteina1, Lotte Hallez1, Nine Mennes1, Charlotte De Backer2, Tim Smits1 1KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 2University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Abstract

Billions are spent yearly on food marketing that influences unhealthy eating preferences and habits, and contributes to the development of obesogenic environments worldwide. Recent social media advancements have provided food marketers with platforms to readily reach out to many especially younger consumers. Adolescents seem vulnerable to food marketing as they have increased impulsive decision-making and decreased inhibitory-control as compared to adults. Yet, they are becoming independent from their parents and relying on unmonitored (social) media. Despite the presumed influence of social media marketing, little is known about the type of marketing strategies used on social media to influence adolescent eating. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the food messages adolescents (12-18 years old) encounter when using social media. Methods: A diary study was carried out with 12-18 year-old Belgian adolescents (N = 20) who took screenshots of food images they encountered on their social media during a one-week period. Participants also completed surveys assessing social media use, image source, marketing strategy, etc. Five-hundred food images were gathered and preliminary analyzed for their content. A coding book, developed based on a literature review and a pilot, will guide two authors in coding the images. The codes will be checked for agreement and discrepancies will be resolved among the research team. Finally, the codes will be analyzed to determine food marketing strategies employed and eating social norms portrayed. Results: The most commonly reported social media were Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and Facebook. Preliminary findings showed that adolescents often encounter branded food images through peers, influencers and food brands, majority of which are paid or word-of-mouth food marketing. The images were mostly promoting non-core foods that are energy-dense and poor in nutrients, especially branded soft drinks and fried foods. An ongoing qualitative analysis of the gathered images aims to conclude with detailed frequencies and relationships between the different study measures assessed. These findings will be elaborated on during the presentation. Discussion: This research provides an in-depth understanding of the social media messages adolescents encounter daily and sheds light on food norms typically communicated on social media by marketers, peers, and influencers. Such findings identify prominent social media food messages that must be tested for their persuasive nature, providing insights for future research that aims to assesses the effects of social media food marketing on adolescent eating. Finally, we call for policies that address current social media marketing strategies targeting adolescents.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-37-01 Nutritional quality of biscuits, breakfast cereals and sweet snacks sold in Italy: the Food Labelling of Italian Products (FLIP) study

Donato Angelino, Alice Rosi, Margherita Dall'Asta, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Daniela Martini Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

Abstract

In Europe, the label information on food is regulated by the Reg. (EU) n.1169/2011 but many other regulated declarations (e.g. nutrition or heath claims (NHC), presence of gluten) can be provided on the pack. All this information could influence the perception of food quality and thus the consumers’ intention-to-buy. However, whether the nutritional quality of food products is comparable among products with different characteristics (e.g. presence/absence of NHC, gluten free (GF) declaration, brand) has been barely studied. Based on these premises, the Food Labelling of Italian Products (FLIP) Study aims to systematically investigate the overall nutritional quality of the main food categories sold on the Italian market. The present work focused on sweet cereal-based products (biscuits, breakfast cereals, and sweet snacks). Products were selected from the website of thirteen retailers present on the Italian market and data were collected from the complete images of all the sides of the pack. Then, biscuits, breakfast cereals, and sweet snacks were further sub-grouped for specific comparisons considering i) descriptive name reported, ii) presence/absence of GF declaration, iii) presence/absence of NHC declaration, iv) brand/own label. Data of energy, nutrient and salt contents per 100 grams of product for each product category were considered and comparisons among the sub-groups were performed (Mann Whitney test or Kruskal Wallis one-way ANOVA based on two or multiple independent samples, respectively) (ver. 25.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). In addition, a Principal Component Analysis was performed for all products and for each product sub-category by considering energy and nutrient contents per 100 grams of product to better describe the inter-product nutritional variability. A total of 814 biscuits, 371 breakfast cereals and 476 sweet snacks were included. Limited differences were found between branded and own label products and between GF and gluten-containing products. Conversely, interesting differences were observed between products with and without NHC. For instance, biscuits with nutrition claims resulted with an overall lower content of total energy, total fats and sugars compared to product without these claims, in agreement with previous investigations. Finally, a high inter-product variability was observed among the different sub-categories for the three product categories. Future researches performed within the FLIP study will allow to have a clearer picture about the nutritional quality of food products sold in Italy and to understand if specific food characteristics might be considered as a “marker” of the overall quality of food products

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-37-02 How to achieve nutritional recommendations and reduce diet-related environmental impact in Tunisia? An optimization study to identify more sustainable diets

Marlène PERIGNON1, Carole SINFORT2, Jalila EL ATI3, Pierre TRAISSAC4, Sophie DROGUE1, Nicole DARMON1, Marie-Josèphe AMIOT1 1MOISA, INRA, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 2ITAP, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France. 3INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia. 4IRD (French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development), NUTRIPASS Unit, Montpellier, France

Abstract

Introduction: Tunisia experiences high prevalence of overweight, obesity and co-morbidities, and faces environmental issues such as water deprivation. Individual food choices have the potential to influence both public health and the environment. This study aimed to identify more sustainable diets for Tunisian adults, i.e. diets that are nutritionally adequate, culturally acceptable, and with low environmental impact. Methods: Individual dietary data from the nationally representative Tunisian study on food consumption (n=7209, 35- 70y) were used together with the national food composition table. Diet-related environmental impact was assessed through 7 metrics – water deprivation, land-use, and its impacts on loss of biodiversity, erosion resistance, mechanical filtration, groundwater replenishment, biotic production– estimated for 138 foods. Quadratic optimization models were applied to obtain diets that meet nutritional recommendations while departing the least from the food content of the mean observed diet (OBS), and respecting increasingly stringent constraints on the environmental impact of the modeled diets. Results: Without environmental constraints, the main dietary shifts induced to meet nutritional recommendations were an increase of dairy, starch and vegetables, a decrease of foods high in fat/salt/sugar (HFSS) and added fats. The environmental impact of diet increased: +32 % for water deprivation and +46-48 % for land use and its impacts. When moderate environmental impact reduction (≤30%) constraints were added to nutritional constraints, the dietary shifts at the food group level were similar to that required to reach nutritional adequacy alone, except a progressive decrease in Meat/Fish/Eggs quantities. Animal-based products contributions to total energy and protein contents were close or slightly lower than in OBS, but a rebalance of sources was required: less meat in favor of dairy, eggs and fish products. Stronger reductions (≥40%) required more substantive shifts that might compromise the acceptability of optimized diets. Conclusions: Targeting a nutritionally adequate diet without considering its environmental impact might increase diet- related water deprivation, land use and its impacts on biodiversity and soil quality. In Tunisia, moving towards healthy diet with lower environmental impact does not rely on reducing the total share of animal-based products but on rebalancing their sources, together with a decrease of HFSS and added fats, and an increase of vegetables.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-37-03 Brief support and personalised feedback on food shopping to encourage saturated fat reduction: the PC-SHOP randomised controlled trial

Carmen Piernas, Paul Aveyard, Nerys Astbury, Jason Oke, Melina Tsiountsioura, Charlotte Lee, Michaela Noreik, Claire Madigan, Susan Jebb University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abstract

Reducing saturated fat (SFA) intake can lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular disease (CVD) but there are no brief interventions sufficiently scalable to achieve this. The Primary Care Shopping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (PC-SHOP) study developed and tested a behavioural intervention to provide health professional (HP) advice alone or in combination with personalised feedback on food shopping, which was delivered using a bespoke tool that created a nutritional profile of the grocery shopping based on loyalty card data from the UK largest supermarket. Participants with raised LDL-cholesterol were randomly allocated to one of three groups: ‘No Intervention’ (n=17), ‘Brief Support’ (BS, n=48), ‘Brief Support plus Shopping Feedback’ (BSSF, n=48). BS consisted of a 10- minute consultation with a nurse to inform and motivate participants to reduce their SFA intake. The BSSF group received brief support as well as personalised feedback on the SFA content of their grocery shopping including lower SFA swaps. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the change between baseline and 3 months in SFA intake (% total energy intake) adjusted for baseline SFA intake and GP practice. The trial was powered to detect a reduction in SFA of 3% (SD3). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups. Changes in SFA intake from baseline to follow-up were: -0.7% (SD3.5) in BS, -0.9% (SD3.6) in BSSF and -0.1% (SD3.3) with no intervention. Compared to no intervention, the adjusted difference in SFA intake was -0.33%; 95%CI -2.11, 1.44 with BS and -0.11%; 95%CI -1.92, 1.69 with BSSF. There was no significant difference in total energy intake (BS: -152kcal; 95%CI -513, 209; BSSF: -152kcal; 95%CI -516, 211); body weight (BS: -1.0kg; 95%CI -2.5, 0.5; BSSF: -0.6kg 95%CI -2.1, 1.0); or LDL-cholesterol (BS: -0.15mmol/L; 95%CI -0.47, 0.16; BSSF: -0.04mmol/L; 95%CI -0.28, 0.36) compared to no intervention. This trial shows that it is feasible to deliver brief advice in primary care to encourage reductions in SFA intake and we have developed a system to provide personalised advice to encourage healthier choices using supermarket loyalty data. This small trial showed no evidence of large benefits but we are unable to exclude more modest benefits. Even a reduction of 1% in SFA intake when replaced by polyunsaturated fat may reduce CVD incidence by 8%, suggesting that a larger trial to assess whether benefits of this size may occur is now warranted.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-37-04 Evaluating the UK takeaway food environment around secondary schools: comparison of different methods

Ayyoub K Taher1,2, Charlotte E L Evans1, Graham P Clarke3 1School of Food Science and Nutrition, Nutrition and Epidemiology Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. 2Food and Nutrition Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait. 3School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Abstract

Takeaway shops are more clustered around secondary than primary schools and UK planning policies to limit takeaways show poor implementation against international examples and good practice statements. A major concern is that, worldwide, there are no standardised measures used to measure the food environment around homes, schools, work or any other facilities. This study aims to examine the differences in using different methods to evaluate the food environment particularly around secondary schools in the Avon region in the UK. Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to locate all schools and takeaways in the region and to measure the density and proximity scores, applying both road network and straight-line methods. In addition, the Hansen Index was used to measure the accessibility score of each schools to all takeaways in the region (not just the nearest). All of the nonparametric statistical analysis tests including Wilcoxon test, agreement (Kappa statistic) test and correlation test were carried out using Stata software version 15.0. It was observed that more than 50% of the schools had no takeaway shops within 200, 400, and 600 metres when the road network buffer was used. Statistical differences were observed between the road network and the straight-line methods. For example, the median of the difference between the straight-line and road network density within 1000 metres was 4.1 (CI 2.6, 5.9; P < 0.001). The median of the difference between the road network and straight-line proximity was 203.2 (CI 144.6, 261.9; P< 0.001). Also, the agreement between straight-line and road network densities within 800 (Kappa = 0.38) and 1000 (Kappa = 0.47) metres were fair and moderate, respectively. The agreement between both methods to measure the proximity was fair to moderate (Kappa = 0.40). In addition, the correlation results showed that both the straight-line and road network proximity were negatively correlated to the accessibility score measured. Our findings suggest that the 800 and 1000 metres road network density and proximity may be more appropriate to explore the real relationships between fast food accessibility and diet or health relationships. In addition, the Hansen index is another metric that may be used if the aim of the study is to consider multiple locations when calculating the accessibility score. The availability of best-practice methods would help to explore the food environment in a consistent way and therefore lead to the implementation of effective actions and policies targeting the food environments, particularly around secondary schools.

Conflict of Interest

'There is no conflict of interest' P3-37-05 Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) better Estimates the Protein Value of Pistachios than Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

Hannah Marie Bailey1, Arianna Carughi2, Hans-Henrik Stein1 1University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. 2American Pistachio Growers, Fresno, California, USA

Abstract

Pistachios (Pistacia Vera) are nutrient-dense foods with a healthy nutritional profile that contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients, phytochemicals and protein. However, the nutritional quality of the protein has not been characterized to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs. The values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and the standard ileal digestibility (SID) where calculated for these proteins. The CP content was greater for raw pistachios (27.1%) compared with roasted pistachios (25.1%). The amino acid (AA) in greatest concentrations for both types of pistachio were arginine followed by leucine. The AA in the lowest concentration were tryptophan followed by methionine. The AID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios, and the AID of most indispensable AA (IAA), except arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios. The SID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios, and the SID of all IAA, except phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios. The PDCAAS value calculated for both types of pistachios was based on the requirement for children from 2 to 5 years old (FAO, 1991), whereas the DIAAS value was calculated based on the requirement for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults (FAO, 2013). Both raw and roasted pistachios had a PDCAAS value of 75. In contrast, the DIAAS was numerically greater for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios with values of 86 and 83, respectively. For PDCAAS, the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 2 to 5 years was threonine. For DIAAS, lysine was the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults. Based on the DIAAS cut-off values describing protein quality (FAO, 2013), raw pistachios and roasted pistachios can both be considered a ‘Good’ quality protein if consumed by children older than 3 year, adolescents, and adults.

Conflict of Interest

Arianna Carughi is a consultant to American Pistachio Growers, a not for profit California Agricultural Board P3-38-01 The use of Nutrition and Health Claims on Yoghurts on the Irish Market

S. O'Mahony1,2, R.J. Creane1, E. Philpott1, C. B. O'Donavan1, O.C. Lyons1,3, C.M. Donovan1, S. F. Quinn1, M. A. T. Flynn1,3, W. Anderson1, N. A. Collins1 1Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. 2University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 3Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom

Abstract

The use of nutrition and health claims on food is legislated for in Commission Regulation 1924/2006 and SI No. 11 of 2014. This legislation ensures that any claim made on a food label is clear, accurate and substantiated, enabling consumers to make informed choices. A study undertaken by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) in 2009 found that yoghurts were the food category with the highest use of nutrition and health claims on the Irish market. In 2018, the FSAI undertook a nutrition label verification study to verify the accuracy of declared nutrition information on yoghurts. The aims of this study were to measure the use of nutrition and health claims on a sample of yoghurts available on the Irish market in 2018 and assess their compliance with Regulation 1924/2006 Nutrition and Health Claims made on Food. Yoghurts identified in a 2016 market scan (n578) were weighted based on categorisation of manufacturer type (branded, own brand), product category (natural, flavoured and luxury) and declared nutrition content. Samples (n200) were randomly selected from these weighted groups for the 2018 nutrition label verification study. A subsample (n100) was randomly sampled and checked for presence of nutrition and health claims. Presence of nutrition and health claims was recorded in Microsoft Excel and checked for compliance with Regulation 1924/2006. Of the yoghurts reviewed, 67% (n67) made at least one nutrition claim and 34% (n34) made at least one health claim. Of these, 29% (n29) made a nutrition and a health claim. Branded yoghurts were more likely to make nutrition and health claims than own brand yoghurts (78% (n49) vs. 48% (n18)). Of yoghurts with a health claim, 88% (n30) were branded and 12% (n4) were own brand. Of yoghurts with a nutrition claim, 1.5% (n1) made a nutrition claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. Of yoghurts with a health claim, 74% (n23) made a health claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. The majority of potentially non-compliant health claims were in relation to probiotic strains and ‘live cultures’. In conclusion, yoghurts continue to be a food category which often uses nutrition and health claims. Nutrition and health claims are more frequently used by branded than own brand products. Potentially non-compliant health claims are an issue amongst this food category which will be further investigated and followed up.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-38-02 The utility of linking National Food Ingredient Databases to National Food Consumption surveys: a pilot study on fibre and sugar

Sarah Kelly1, Aoibhinn Moore-Heslin2, Mengna Yang2, Maria Buffini2, Laura Kehoe3, John Kearney4, Janette Walton5, Albert Flynn3, Breige McNulty2, Anne Nugent1,2 1Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom. 2Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 3School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, , Cork, Ireland. 4School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. 5Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland, Cork, Ireland

Abstract

Introduction: Current dietary recommendations encourage increased fibre and reduced sugar consumption. In the UK, specific targets and benchmarks have been established for the sugar content of some foods but not for fibre. National Food Consumption Surveys provide comprehensive information of all foods consumed by representative population samples. The Irish national food surveys as completed by the Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance (IUNA) capture dietary data at brand level with all details as gathered on pack entered into a discrete but inter-linked database, the Irish National Food Ingredient Database (INFID). The aim of this study was to profile the carbohydrate quality of a convenience sub-sample of packaged foods as eaten by Irish children during the National Children’s Food Survey II (2017/2018) as entered into INFID. Materials and Methods: All on-pack details from 385 available foods in the categories ‘white breads and rolls’; ‘brown breads and rolls’; ‘other breads and scones’; ‘ready to eat breakfast cereals (RTEBC)’; ‘biscuits’; and ‘cakes, buns and pastries’ were entered in to INFID and quality control completed. The carbohydrate profile of the products was assessed with respect to fibre labelling criteria and UK sugar guidelines and targets. SPSS Version 25 was used for all analyses. Results: Although 56% (n210) of all products entered were eligible to make a ‘source of’ or ‘high’ fibre claim, only 20% (n78) made such a claim. Of this, 46% stated ‘high fibre’ and 32% ‘source’, predominately in the ‘brown breads and rolls’ and ‘RTEBC’ groups. When compared to UK Department of Health guidance for ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’ sugar, 65% of all products examined (n250) were either ‘low’ or ‘medium’ sugar. Comparison of median sugar contents with Public Health England sugar reformulation targets revealed different responses in each category, with all categories other than foods deemed as "morning goods" yet to meet the 2020 target of 20% reduction in sugar content. Discussion: This small pilot study of a convenience sample of foods suggests that for the limited number of foods examined, for some there remains challenges to reduce sugar and increase fibre contents. Strategies such as reformulation, change in portion size, flexibility in labelling and/or a shift in sales portfolios could be considered but only alongside technological and safety considerations. Further research to broaden this analysis and to link nutrient levels as listed on pack with actual consumption patterns could help ensure all recent initiatives including reformulation are recognised.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-38-03 The influence of marinade composition on pork tenderness

Katarzyna Tkacz, Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła, Adam Więk Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztytn, Poland

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of marinating meat on selected quality determinants. Fifty-four pork samples were prepared from longissimus dorsi muscles, each 2.5-cm-thick; they were subsequently marinated for 24 hours (n=12) and control samples were also prepared (n=6). The following marinades were used: base marinade (M) whose ingredients included a mixture of herbs and condiments (salt, pepper, juniper berries, rosemary, bay, pimento, garlic) and 3 liquid marinades obtained by adding to the base marinade of apple cider vinegar (MV), light beer (MB) and buttermilk (MM). In the samples pH, marinade absorption, drip loss, cooking loss, WBSF and tenderness by sensory assessment were measured [1,2]. The pH value of the material used for the study was 5.8±0.02. The use of the base marinade increased the pH to 6.37±0.03, whereas the liquids used in the marinades decreased the pH to 5.5±0.05. Marination resulted in an increase in the material weight by 2.87±0.05% (MB), 4.45±0.07% (MM), 0.87±0.03% (M). The addition of vinegar resulted in exuding meat juice and a decrease in the material weight by 2.53±0.06% (MV). Using the base marinade reduced drip loss (0.53±0.01%) compared with the control (1.37±0.03%). Sour marinade (MV) increased cooking loss by 18% compared to the control, the MB and MM marinades did not affect this parameter significantly, and the base marinade had a significant effect on reducing cooking loss by 24%. Each of the marinades used had a significant effect on reducing the maximum shear strength by 31% (liquid marinades) and by as much as 46% – base marinade. This relationship was confirmed in a sensory assessment, where higher notes for tenderness were given when base marinade (9.2±0.3pts), marinade with buttermilk (8.1±0.2pts), and marinades with vinegar and beer (7.3±0.3pts) was used compared with control samples (5.7±0.4pts). This study has shown a beneficial effect of the marinades on the tenderness of the products. The most beneficial effect on the quality determinants under study was exerted by the base marinade, which consisted of herbs and condiments only. 1. Kapper C. et al. Meat Sci. 2014. 96:971-976 doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.009 2. Pomponio L. et al. Meat Sci. 2018. 141:57-65 doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.022 Project financially supported by Minister of Science and Higher Education in the range of the program entitled "Regional Initiative of Excellence" for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-38-05 Diet modeling showed that local foods can secure nutrient adequacy except for iron in 19-30 years urban Egyptian women.

Chloé Brouzes1, Nicolas Darcel1, Daniel Tomé1, Sanaa Youssef Shaaban2, Yasmin Gamal El Gendy2, Hisham Khalil3, Elaine Ferguson4, Anne Lluch5 1UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France. 2Pediatric and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 3Danone Nutricia Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. 4Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. 5Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, Palaiseau, France

Abstract

Growing urbanization and rapid changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle led to a nutrition transition in several Arabic countries, including Egypt. While Egyptian women have one of the highest mean body mass index worldwide, they also suffer from several micronutrient deficiencies, more particularly iron and vitamin D. The objective of this study was to identify changes needed in dietary practices and product offer, which could help to rebalance energy and nutrient intakes for women living in urban Egypt. Food intakes were obtained from a 4-days dietary record in 130 women aged 19-30 years from urban Egypt. Food prices were collected in modern and traditional trades typical from middle socio-economic classes in Cairo to calculate diet cost. Modeling analyses (with Optifood software) were used to identify problem nutrients and design affordable food-based recommendations (FBRs). The study assessed whether the most consumed foods (i.e. consumed by >5% of women) could theoretically ensure nutrient adequacy under the mean diet cost, without exceeding recommendations in energy, SFAs, sugars and sodium. The potential of fortified foods to improve intakes of the most problematic micronutrient to cover was tested in additional modeling analyses. Preliminary results from modeling analyses indicate that iron appeared as the most limiting nutrient with locally consumed foods. Daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, milk or yoghurt, and tahini (sesame paste) associated with specific food choices in the meat-fish-eggs category would result in a low percentage of women at risk of inadequate intakes for 11 out of 12 modeled micronutrients. Among the fortified foods tested, iron fortified bread, rice, milk or yoghurt are the most promising vectors. Local and consumed foods allow to meet nutrient adequacy for most nutrients except iron, for which fortified products would be required. Tailored strategies are needed to promote acceptable FBRs (and fortified products) and secure that nutrient requirements are met by most Egyptian women.

Conflict of Interest

Danone Research has funded the study. P3-39-01 Microalgae: A new source of healthy ingredients. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and incorporation as a functional ingredient for cheese making

María José Chapela Garrido1, Paula Fajardo1, Enma Conde Piñeiro2, Mercedes Alonso Martínez1, Federica Farabegoli1, José Manuel Vilariño2 1ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Vigo, Spain. 2GLECEX, Orense, Spain

Abstract

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of nine species of microalgae have been determined to study its potential as healthy ingredients for functional foods. In order to determine the antioxidant capacity, two different techniques have been used. Firstly, a colorimetric test was carried out in order to detect the presence of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant compounds, this method is based on the detection of the radical ABTS+, which is produced by the oxidation of ABTS in the presence of potassium persulfate, detection of the radical ABTS+ decreases in the presence of antioxidant compounds. Also the ORAC test was also applied for this purpose. Results with both methods showed very promising results for Rhodomonas lens. Thus this species was chosen to develop a functional cheese and study the healthy properties that the microalgae confer on it.

To determine the antimicrobial activity five food food-borne pathogenic strains were used: Escherichia coli CECT 516, Enterococcus faecalis CECT 481, Listeria monocytogenes CECT 935, Salmonella enterica CECT 4594 and S. aureus CECT 435. First, extracts of different polarity were obtained from microalgae. From each species, 4 extracts were obtained using different solvents of higher to less polarity (MilliQ Water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane). The use of these solvents is common in the preparation of plant extracts, since they ensure the solubility of most of the compounds of interest and do not show toxicity after evaporation to determine the antimicrobial activity. The agar diffusion technique was used and the plates were kept refrigerated at 4 ° C for 1 h to allow the extracts to diffuse through the agar and subsequently incubated at 37 ° C for 24 h to allow microbial growth. After that time the presence of inhibition halos was observed around the perforations of the plates. Results showed that the ethanolic extract presented more antimicrobial activity than the extracts using MilliQ Water, ethyl acetate or hexane. Salmonella was not inhibited by any of the extracts studied.

Acknowledgements: Authors wish to thank EU for financial support through Interrreg Atlantic Area proyject EAPA_338/2016 EnhanceMicroAlgae High added-value industrial opportunities for microalgae in the Atlantic Area

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-39-02 Health-Beneficial Properties of Black Sea Shellfish for the Bulgarian Consumers

Albena Merdzhanova, Veselina Panayotova, Diana Dobreva, Kameliya Bratoeva, Lubomir Makedonski Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria

Abstract

Marine shellfish is considered high-protein, low-fat and low-saturated-fat food, yet providing significant amounts of essential lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D3 and E) and carotenoids. These nutrients exhibit a variety of beneficial effects on human health, therefore the increased intake of marine shellfish could contribute significantly to a diverse and nutritious diet. One of the most consumed Black Sea shellfish species in Bulgaria is the black mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The aim of the present study was to assess health-beneficial properties of Black Sea mussels based on their nutritional lipid composition. Total lipids (TL) were extracted according to Bligh & Dyer. Lipid classes were separated by column and thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid composition was determined by GC/MS system and sterol – by GC/FID. Fat- soluble vitamins and carotenoids were analyzed simultaneously using RP-HPLC system.

Mytilus galloprovincialis were characterized by low lipid content: 1.8±0.08 g.100g-1 ww, more than 50% representing polar lipids. Sterols were minor components (6.2% of TL fraction). Fatty acid (FA) composition showed similar distribution: polyunsaturated > monounsaturated >saturated FA in TL, neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) classes. Sum of omega-3 (n-3) PUFA was from 47.1% in TL, 49.2% in NL and 62.5% in PL. Ratio n-6/n-3 was 0.2. Analyzed mussels contained EPA+DHA 0.360g.100g-1 ww. Sterol fraction consisted mainly of cholesterol (36.3%) and brassicasterol (22.9%). Fat-soluble vitamins contents were: 50.1±2.01μg.100g-1 ww -1 -1 (vitamin A), 7.3±0.2μg.100g ww (vitamin D3) and 4500±140μg.100g ww (vitamin E); and carotenoids: 40.1±1.9μg.100g-1 ww (astaxanthin), 490±5.2μg.100g-1 ww (β-carotene). Strong correlation between seafood consumption and various obesity-related disorders can suggest the unique potential of seafood, such as shellfish for supplementation nutrients deficiencies. Recent studies suggest that seafood consumption in Bulgaria is low, increasing the concern of nutrient deficiency, especially PUFA, phospholipids and vitamin D3. This study presented that although Black Sea shellfish is low in TL content, it is a very good source of PL bonded n-3 PUFA (> 140% of RDI), vitamin D3 (> 50% of RDI) and other essential lipid antioxidants (astaxanthin). The PUFA/SFA (1.4) and n-6/n-3 (0.2) showed the good nutritional quality of Black Sea Mytilus galloprovincialis tissue. Black Sea shellfish lipids are rich in molecules with health-beneficial properties and high potential for developing functional foods and dietary supplements. Increased intake of shellfish should be encouraged to provide essential nutrients to avoid nutritional deficiencies in Bulgarian population. Acknowledgements: Bulgaria National Science Fund – №KП-06-ОПР03/11 from 18.12.2018

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-40-01 The development of specific nutrition criteria to guide stepwise reformulation and drive innovation across multiple food and beverage categories

Susan Gatenby1, Marianne O'Shea2 1PepsiCo Global Nutrition Sciences, Reading, United Kingdom. 2PepsiCo Global Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, USA

Abstract

Introduction Consumers are increasingly attracted to healthier products with improved nutrient profiles. This is consistent with advice to reduce the intake of nutrients of public health concern and to improve the nutrient quality and density of the diets of all age groups. PepsiCo has developed internal nutrition criteria, to guide innovation and renovation towards a healthier portfolio, consistent with international dietary guidance and ensuring appropriate consideration of the needs of life-stage groups.. These criteria have been implemented and are key to delivering both local and global nutrition targets relevant to PepsiCo's Winning with Purpose agenda. Material and Methods Category specific criteria were developed for nutrients of public health concern (saturated fat, sodium, added sugars) and for nutrients and food groups to encourage. Levels of nutrients were established based on a) a review of international food and nutrient guidelines including the WHO and other authoritative organisations and b) the inherent nutritional composition and the role the product category plays in the diet and c) assessment of nutritional gaps across key markets to determine nutrients and food groups to encourage Guidelines and criteria for products developed for specific eating occasions and for some key life-stage groups were developed based on reviews of food consumption and eating habits relative to dietary recommendations and the nutritional needs of specific cohorts. Results The internal category criteria describe maximum thresholds for nutrients to limit (sat fat, sodium and sugars) and minimum levels for nutrients and food groups to encourage defined in stepwise increments in nutrient density towards a gold standard. Thresholds are based on what is deemed physiologically significant and relevant to progressing towards dietary guidelines as well as being relevant to the prevailing nutritional status of the population to whom products are targeted. The implementation of these criteria throughout the global business supported by a process of evaluation of each new product formulation has ensured a consistent, feasible, step-wise approach that has facilitated reformulation and driven innovation towards the 2025 Winning with Purpose goals and a healthier portfolio. Discussion The deployment of internal nutrient profiling criteria is an effective tactic in supporting the development of a healthier portfolio. The global implementation of an approach that is evidence based, practical, takes into account regional variation in diets and which can be updated on a regular basis can enable significant transformation of a product portfolio through health by stealth but also by promotion of more positive nutrition. .

Conflict of Interest

The authors are full time employees of PepsiCo P3-40-02 Variability of selected microelements in organic carrots

Elżbieta Tońska1, Joanna Michalak1, Joanna Klepacka1, Michał Toński2 1University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Commodity Science and Food Research, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, Olsztyn, Poland. 2University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland

Abstract

One of the most popular vegetables available on the market throughout the year is carrot. Moreover, organic carrot has become very popular as well. The elemental composition of carrot includes microelements, which are important to maintain healthy and well-developed body. The consumers become more and more aware of high-quality food and pay attention to nutritional value or health benefits resulting from proper diet. This is why organic products have become so popular, since they are advertised as more healthy, with better nutritious composition. Hence, the content of microelements in organic carrots collected for two years from local supermarkets in Poland was tested. For the purpose of this research, 18 separate packages of organic carrot a year (36 altogether in two years) were purchased systematically in the supermarkets in Poland. The microelements: Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn were determined in each sample with the FAAS (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) technique after dry mineralization of the sample. The wavelengths (nm) applied for each element were: Cu – 324.8; Mn – 279.5; Fe – 248.3; Zn – 213.9. The average concentration of detected microelements in individual samples of organic carrots were highly diversified between each package, without any tendency to follow. In the first year of research the range of concentrations for each microelement was: copper (Cu) 0.107-0.456 mg kg-1, manganese (Mn) 0.125-0.522 mg kg-1, iron (Fe) 0.803-2.225 mg kg-1, zinc (Zn) 0.740-1.821 mg kg-1. In the second year of research: Cu 0.282-0.667 mg kg-1, Mn 0.364-1.127 mg kg-1, Fe 0.979-2.249 mg kg-1, Zn 1.289-3.584 mg kg-1. The results show, that the content of investigated microelements in organic carrots was very different among individual samples. It indicates that evaluation of the concentrations of these kind of determinants of “healthy” and more nutritious food may be very uncertain. The diversity is so high that it is impossible to evaluate any pattern or tendency for the content of the microelements in investigated samples.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest. P3-40-03 Folate content in fresh-cut and packed vegetables

Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska, Elzbieta Gujska, Joanna Michalak, Anna Waszkiewicz Department of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland

Abstract

Introduction: Ready to eat products, including fresh-cut and packed vegetables, contribute nowadays significantly to the daily diet. Lack of heating processing in these products production make them a good source of bioactive compounds, such as folate, which are sensitive to the high temperature. Folate is a water- soluble vitamin of great nutritional importance. Low levels of plasma folate are associated, for instance, with neural tube defects, macrocytic anemia, cardiovascular diseases and even some forms of cancer. One of the rich natural source of folate are, inter alia, green leafy vegetables.

Objectives: Determination of folate content in fresh-cut vegetables packed products available at the market.

Methods: The research material consisted of fresh-cut and packed spinach, kale, arugula and lamb's lettuce obtained from three popular in Poland market chains. The folate content was determined with the HPLC method using spectrophotometric and fluorescence detection.

Results: In all vegetables samples two folate forms, tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu) and the predominant one - 5- methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-H4PteGlu), were identified. Depending on the place of purchase, the total folate content varied from 40.7 to 87.9 µg/ 100 g in spinach, from 36.0 to 115.7 µg/ 100 g in kale, from 23.2 to 47.4 µg/ 100 g in arugula and from 28.3 to 43.7 µg/ 100 g in lamb’s lettuce.

Discussion: Ready to eat packed vegetables become a significant portion of the diet, thus, their nutritional composition, including folate content, should be well known. Our results support well the general need to provide consumers with the information of the potential folate rich ready-to-eat products. It was showed that these products have higher folate content when compared with heat processed vegetables. However, the quality of raw material, time and storage conditions seem to have the greatest impact on the folate vitamers content.

Key words: folate, vitamins, frash-cut vegetables, ready to eat products, HPLC

Acknowledgement Project financially supported by Minister of Science and Higher Education in the range of the program entitled "Regional Initiative of Excellence" for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010/RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest P3-40-04 The Health Canada Surveillance Tool could be an effective method for assessing alignment with 2019 Canada’s Food Guide

Christine Mulligan, Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Mary R L'Abbe University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Abstract

The Health Canada Surveillance Tool (HCST), a Canadian nutrient profile (NP) model, assesses products’ adherence to the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG), using thresholds for total fat, saturated fat, sugars and sodium. In 2019, new dietary guidelines were published (i.e., CFG 2019); however; the HCST has not been updated to reflect changes implemented in this new guide. Given suggestions to adapt previously validated NP models rather than create new models, this research aimed to assess whether the HCST could be a useful tool to assess alignment with updated dietary guidance. Specifically, the objective of this study was to test the agreement between products’ alignment with the CFG 2007 (as per the HCST) and products’ alignment with the recently released CFG 2019 guidelines. This study analyzed data from the University of Toronto Food Label Information Program (FLIP) 2017 database. FLIP contains label and nutrition information for prepackaged food products from top Canadian grocery retailers. Products were categorized into Tiers based on HCST thresholds: Tiers 1 and 2 were considered “in line” with dietary guidance, while Tiers 3, 4 and “Other” (i.e. foods not addressed by CFG) were considered “not in line”. Two raters independently classified foods according to their alignment to CFG 2019. Proportions of products that were considered “in line” with CFG 2007 and 2019 were calculated. Overall agreement between alignment with CFG 2007 and 2019 was determined by cross- classifications of the proportion of products considered “in line” or “not in line” with both CFG versions. Cohen’s Kappa (κ) statistic tested the level of agreement (Interpretation of κ: 0.01–0.20, “slight”; 0.21–0.40, “fair”; 0.41–0.60, “moderate”; 0.61–0.80, “substantial”; and 0.81–0.99, “almost perfect”). Analyses were conducted overall and by Health Canada’s Table of Reference Amounts for Food category. In total, n=16,973 products were analyzed, with 98% inter-rater reliability for CFG 2019 alignment. Overall, 30.2% and 28.2% of products were “in line” with CFG 2007 and 2019, respectively, with 80.4% overall agreement and “moderate” kappa agreement (κ [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.46, 0.49]). Overall agreement in individual food categories ranged from 100% (Dessert Toppings, Sauces, Sugars and Sweets; κ: N/A) to 54.8% (Eggs, κ: 0.21 [-0.01, 0.4]). From these results, the HCST appears to be an effective NP model for assessing alignment with CFG 2019. Further analysis could elucidate specific areas for adaptation of the HCST to optimize its functionality in this context.

Conflict of Interest

C.M. completed a Mitacs graduate student internship at Nestlé Canada. Prior to coming to the University of Toronto, B.F.-A. was a PepsiCo Mexico employee (2009–2015). T.P. was a graduate student employed part-time by Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy. M.R.L. reports grants from the Retail Council of Canada; Program for Food Safety, Nutrition and Regulatory Affairs at the University of Toronto (with partial funding from Nestlé Canada); and Dairy Farmers of Canada; unrelated to the submitted work. None of these companies/organizations were involved in any way with regards to the present research. P3-40-05 Trends in the use of gluten-free claims on Canadian food labels between 2013-2017 and assessment of their nutritional quality

Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Gabriel B. Tjong, Mary R. L’Abbé University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Abstract

Gluten-free claims (GFC) on food labels are becoming popular despite the fact that 1% and 6% of the population have celiac disorder or gluten sensitivity, respectively. A previous Canadian study found that GFC were displayed on 8% of food labels; however, certain food categories (e.g., snacks, meat products) were among the ones carrying most GFC. This study aimed to assess trends in the use of GFC on Canadian food labels in top food categories carrying GFC from 2013 to 2017 and to determine the nutritional quality between products with and without GFC.

This study was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the University of Toronto Food Label Information Program 2013-2017. GFC were identified by systematically reviewing the photographs of food labels (n=9,179) in seven food categories previously identified as carrying larger proportions of GFC: 1) desserts; 2) desserts toppings and fillings; 3) meat products; 4) nuts and seeds; 5) sauces and dips; 6) snacks; and 7) soups. GFC were coded as present, if a gluten-free declaration or symbol was made on package, otherwise products were coded as claim absent. Proportions of products displaying GFC were calculated overall and by food category. Mean contents of saturated fat (g per 100g/ml), sodium (mg per 100g/ml) and sugar (g per 100g/ml) were calculated for products with and without GFC. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tested differences in proportions and mean contents of those nutrients between years.

Results showed that among these categories, GFC have significantly increased from 11% in 2013 to 23% in 2017 (p<0.001). At a category level, snacks had the greatest increase of GFC as their prevalence doubled (15% to 33%, p<0.001), followed by nuts and seeds (12% to 27%, p<0.001) and meat products (15% to 28%, p<0.001), respectively for 2013 and 2017. The proportion of GFC in dessert toppings and fillings remained constant (16% in 2013 and 14% in 2017, p=0.74). When the nutritional composition was examined, results were mixed: in dessert toppings and filling, meat products and, nuts and seeds, products with GFC had higher contents of saturated fat, sodium and sugar in comparison to their counterpart without claims, whereas the opposite was true for foods within desserts, sauces and dips, snacks, and soups categories (p<0.001 for all nutrients, except for saturated fat in nuts and seeds). In conclusion, prevalence of GFC has doubled in the Canadian food supply; such claims are not indicative of better nutritional composition.

Conflict of Interest

Prior coming to the University of Toronto, Beatriz Franco-Arellano was a PepsiCo Mexico employee. The company had no connection or funding to the research. Mary L’Abbé declares that she has received research grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Stroke Network, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, International Development Research Centre, University of Toronto.