Lexicalism and Modular Overlap in English*
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Portugal's Colonized Colonialism
JOÃO M. PaRaSKEVa1 PORTUgAL’S COLONiZED COLONiALiSM A Prospering Calibanian Paradoxal Identity2 A PaRadOxIcaL IdENtItY In this chapter attempts to challenge a lethal commonsensical commonsense set of discourses and practices constructed by António Salazar’s dictatorship regime that ‘Portugal will always be an African nation.’ It is an analysis over the way ideology underlies social, cultural and political discourse and racist actions. In so doing we were able, not only to demystify how such despotic claim is deeply rooted within the very marrow of Portuguese capitalist colonial and neo-colonial strategy which was (and still is) framed by what we might call a ‘paradox identity framework,’ but also to denounce how curriculum content—via textbooks—has judicial record perpetuating an intricate reracializing political scaffold that positively tries to crystallize and legitimize a particular kind of western hegemony. We end our analyses claiming for the need to work within the critical race theory platform as a way to debunk the endemic western ‘we.’ In one of his flamboyant and ostentatious remarks the Portuguese dictator António Salazar claimed that ‘Portugal will always be an African nation.’ Such a despotic statement requires cautious consideration of two things in particular. First, it is important to understand in depth the reasons why António Salazar and ‘his regime[s of truth]’ claimed such an identity and, second, in understanding these reasons, one has to analyze how schooling has perpetuated what one might call a bizarre reracializing policy. A good way to start this radical critical analysis is to clarify specific political particularities of the Portuguese dictatorship epoch. -
The Following Is the List of East Asian Linguistics-Related Publications (As
The following is the list of East Asian linguistics-related publications (as of February 2016) by our seven DEALL “East Asian Linguistics” faculty members’ (Chan, Nakayama, Noda, C. Quinn, Unger (Emeritus), Xie, & Yuasa). It shows not only our faculty members’ expertise, but also which issues have been investigated by them. Please note that the list does not include any linguistic reviews, abstracts, and encyclopedia entries, non-EA linguistics-related articles, and Pedagogy publications. Also it does not include translated books as separate entries. Linguistics in general Nakayama, M. (editor-in-chief) (2007-12) Journal of Japanese Linguistics 22-28. Minami, M. & M. Nakayama. (editors) (2013) Journal of Japanese Linguistics 29. Xie, Z. & T. Tsui. (eds.) (2015) Buckeye East Asian Linguistics (vol. 1). Columbus, OH: The Knowledge Bank. (http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/73648) Yuasa, E, T. Bagchi, & K. Beals. (eds.) (2011) Pragmatics and Autolexical Grammar: In Honors of Jerry Sadock. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Inagaki, S., S. Arita, M. Hirakawa, Y. Hirakawa, H. Morikawa, M. Nakayama, J. Tsubaki, & H. Sirai (eds.) (2009) Studies in Language Science Vol. 8. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers. Chan, M. K. M., & H. Kang (eds.) (2008) Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20). 2 Volumes. Columbus, OH: East Asian Studies Center, The Ohio State University. Nakayama, M., M. Minami, H. Morikawa, K. Nakamura, & H. Sirai (eds.) (2006) Studies in Language Science Vol. 5. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers. Minami, M., H. Kobayashi, M. Nakayama, & H. Sirai (eds.) (2005) Studies in Language Science Vol. 4. Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers. Minami, M., H. Kobayashi, M. Nakayama, & H. -
THE MALTESE and the ARABIC DIALECTS: an APPROACH from LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY by REINHOLD KONTZI
This article is the translation and reVlszon of the paper 'Maltesisch: Sprachgeschichtliche und areallinguistische Aspekte' read in the 5th symposium on languages in contact in Europe, at Mannheim 1982 (published in: 'Die Leistung der Strataforschung und der Kreolistik: Typolog. Aspekte d. Sprachkontakte: Akten d. 5. Symposiums iiber Sprachkontakte in Europa'. Mannheim 1982/ed. by P. Sture Ureland - Tiibin gen: Niemeyer, 1982, p. 63-87) THE MALTESE AND THE ARABIC DIALECTS: AN APPROACH FROM LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY by REINHOLD KONTZI INTRODUCTION The subject of this article is Maltese as a language of different strata which have deposited themselves out of se veral groups of languages, respectively dialects. In the first part I will point out the hi storical events which caused formations of strata from different geographical zones. In the second part 1 will demonstrate that the superposition of strata with methods of linguistic geography and Bartoli' s space linguistics can be illustrated on maps. As far as I know there has been no space linguistic ap proach of the Maltese language - and thus necessarily of the entire area of the Arabic languages - which partly in cludes the area of the Romance (Italian) languages, that would take into account linguistic geography. 1. SHORT HISTORY OF THE MALTESE LANGUAGE Maltese came into existence by way of contact between the Arabic and Italian languages, and precisely this contact has created Maltese. In the following passages I will asso ciate the history of Malta with her linguistic development. Up to 1530 the history of Malta was identical with the history of Sicily. The rulers of Sicily were at the same time rulers of Malta. -
Lexical Integrity As a Constructional Strategy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Research Information System University of Turin LEXICAL INTEGRITY AS A CONSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY LEXICAL INTEGRITY AS A CONSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY LIVIO GAETA* 1. INTRODUCTION What is the input of word formation? As basic as this question may appear, a clear answer is still missing. Not only that: Depending on the answer, the very existence of morphology as an autonomous component of language has been challenged. In this sense, the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis (cf. Bresnan and Mchombo 1995) as well as the No Phrase Constraint (cf. Botha 1983) are complementary principles watching over the autonomy of morphology from other components, and specifi cally syntax. Both principles have been strongly criticized and even rejected as empirically inadequate.1 It is not my concern to enter into details here; for the sake of the following discussion, my only interest is to emphasize the ‘spirit’ underlying both of them, namely their watchdog function against any intrusion of syntax into (lexical) morphology. Those who want to deny any autonomy to morphology usually draw attention to two kinds of examples showing that morphology can be directly fed by syntax, and accordingly no kind of lexical integrity can be seriously defended. Therefore, morphology as a theoretical construct is supposed to lack any conceptual density and can be reduced to more general properties of the language faculty (cf. Lieber 1992:21). The fi rst set of examples comes from incorporation, where it can be shown that lexical stuff and syntactic structures are so intertwined that the basic notion of lexical word gives up much of its sense (cf. -
Methodology for Ethiopia Survey
Methodology for Ethiopia Survey The first phase consisted of a national survey of the adult population of Ethiopia. The sample was designed to be representative of the adult population of Ethiopia. Researchers from Bendixen & Amandi (B&A) coordinated and oversaw all aspects of the sampling and interviewing process. A team of local field experts was hired in Ethiopia to conduct the actual interviews. All interviewers were professionally trained and supervised by B&A research personnel. In this phase of the research 2002 Ethiopian adults were interviewed in July and August of 2010. All interviews were conducted in person using traditional Paper and Pencil Interviewing (PAPI) and were administered in Amharic. The survey consisted of 12 questions. The margin of error is approximately ±2 percentage points and the 95 percent level of confidence. The total sample was compiled utilizing multi‐stage stratified random sampling through respondent selection. This sampling method enabled B&A to ensure that a representative random sample of Ethiopian adults was collected. There are three stages to this type of sampling methodology. First, after stratifying the Ethiopian population by region and population density, sampling points (SPs)1 were determined. SPs were then randomly selected within each stratum. In the second stage, using the random route method, dwellings were selected within each SP. The random route method involves selecting an address in each SP at random as a starting point. Each interviewer was given instructions to identify additional dwellings by taking alternate left and right turns and stopping at every Nth dwelling. The third and final stage involved selecting actual participants – for each selected dwelling, individual respondents were chosen using a Kish grid2. -
Evaluating the Effects of Entrepreneurship Edutainment in Egypt
Evaluating the Effects of Entrepreneurship Edutainment in Egypt Ghada Barsoum American University of Cairo Bruno Crépon CREST, J-PAL & IZA Drew Gardiner International Labour Organization Bastien Michel* Aarhus University & TrygFonden’s Center for Child Research William Parienté UC Louvain Acknowledgements: Funding for this study was provided by the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), the International Labor Organization (ILO), and Silatech. In particular, we would like to thank 3ie for technical review and support throughout the study. The draft was not reviewed by 3ie, the ILO, or Silatech, and only represents the views of the authors. We also thank J-PAL Europe for its support, as well as seminar participants at Aarhus University, INSEAD, the University of Wageningen, ERF 2017 conference, and at the ASSA 2017 annual meeting for their helpful comments. Ibrahim Kamel, Nihal Said, Rana Khazbak, Sarah Samaha, and Todor Tochev provided excellent research assistance. The study received IRB approval from the Paris School of Economics (reference number CE/2013-008). This study was registered in AEA Social Science Registry under number AEARCTR-0000370. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] 1 Abstract We measure the impact of an edutainment program broadcast on a popular Egyptian television channel and specifically designed to promote entrepreneurship among young adult viewers. We implemented a randomized controlled trial following a non-symmetric encouragement design to measure the impact of the intervention on viewers’ attitudes towards self-employment, knowledge of the Egyptian entrepreneurial ecosystem, professional aspirations, and professional choices. Our design allows us to identify the importance of peer effects within groups of friends. -
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REVIEW ARTICLE Incorporation: A theory of grammatical function changing. By MARK C. BAKER. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Pp. viii, 543. Reviewed by TARO KAGEYAMA, Kwansei Gakuin University* 1. INTRODUCTION.This bulky volume, a revised version of B's 1985 MIT dissertation, is an important contribution to both the principles- and-parameters theory of grammar and general studies on language uni- versals. Its ambitious (perhaps overambitious) goals are aptly epito- mized in the main and subtitles: Incorporation and grammatical function (GF) changing. Thus, by drawing data from genetically and typological- ly diverse languages, B attempts to unify a wide range of GF-changing rules as postulated in relational grammar (RG) under a single underlying concept called Incorporation and dispense with all GF changes as automatic side effects of the interactions of Incorporation and existing subtheories such as Case theory and government theory. A few illustrative examples in English will give the reader a general idea of what GF-changing phenomena are and how they are analyzed in RG (for expository purposes, relational analyses are stated in ordinary prose rather than in RG's Relational Networks: cf. Perlmutter 1983, Perlmutter and Rosen 1984). (1) Passive: Joe kicked Bill. →Bill was kicked by Joe. [Direct object is promoted to subject, whereby the original subject becomes a 'chomeur', here marked with by.] Dative Shift: Harry gave a van to his son. →Harry gave his son a van. [Indirect object is promoted to direct object, and the original direct object becomes a chomeur, here with a zero marking.] Possessor Raising: Joe patted Mary's back. -
Language Contact Phonology: Richness of the Stimulus, Poverty of the Base*
Language contact phonology: Richness of the stimulus, poverty of the base* Ellen Broselow Stony Brook University (State University of New York at Stony Brook) 1. The Problem: Learnability of interlanguage rankings The goals of Optimality Theory are not only to model the speaker’s grammar but also to model the process whereby one aspect of that grammar, the language-specific rankings of constraints, is acquired. The framework forces us to ask not only what constraint rankings describe the data of a language, but also how those rankings could have been learned. The focus of this paper is cases in which the second question is not so easily answered. Language contact situations confront speakers with types of structures that are not found in their native language, and in these situations we often find systematic adaptation patterns that are fairly consistent across speakers of the same native language. The analysis of such patterns may require fairly intricate webs of constraint rankings, and often, neither the data of the native or the foreign language provide sufficient motivation for these rankings. One possible explanation of such apparently unmotivated rankings is that they reflect the universal default. If this is the case, we should expect the same rankings to emerge in all situations where evidence to the contrary is lacking. But as Peperkamp (2003) has argued, there appears to be cross-linguistic variation in adaptation patterns that cannot be attributed to the data of either of languages in contact. This leaves us with a puzzle: if we find interlanguage rankings that are a product neither of universal grammar nor of input data, what is their source?. -
ARAMAIC-LIKE FEATURES in the PENTATEUCH Gary A. Rendsburg As Is Well Known, a Major Trend Has Been Noticeable in the Field of Bi
ARAMAIC-LIKE FEATURES IN THE PENTATEUCH Gary A. Rendsburg Rutgers University The term “Aramaic-like features” is to be distinguished from the term “Aramaisms.” The former refers to linguistic traits found in pre-exilic texts, whose presence can be explained by one of two reasons: either the texts are northern in origin, or the settings of the texts have an Aramean flavor. The lat- ter refers to those features, found primarily in the post-exilic corpus, which re- flect clear Aramaic influence over Hebrew. Aramaic-like features occur with a significant concentration in five sections of the Torah: Genesis 24, Genesis 30–31, Numbers 22–24, Genesis 49, and Deuteronomy 33. Style-switching explains the first three texts, since the first two are narratives geographically set in Aram, while the third portrays a prophet from Aram in the plains of Moab. Regional dialectology explains the remaining two sections: the sayings about the individual tribes must originate in those specific locations, which is why one finds words like MOwrD;d, MRrR…g, and so forth, in the blessings to Issachar, Naphtali, Joseph, and Gad. If the Pentateuch were the product of Persian- period Jewish scribes, as claimed by some scholars during the last several decades, one would expect Aramaisms or Aramaic-like features to appear throughout its 187 chapters in significant concentrations, and not, as per the main conclusion of this essay, in select chapters for specific purposes. As is well known, a major trend has been noticeable in the field of bibli- cal studies during the past twenty years or so. -
The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis in a New Theoretical Universe
The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis in a New Theoretical Universe Rochelle Lieber University of New Hampshire Sergio Scalise University of Bologna 0. Introduction Twenty five years ago, at the outset of generative morphology, the Lexical Integrity Hypothesis was a widely accepted part of the landscape for morphologists. The LIH, or the Lexicalist Hypothesis came in a number of different forms: (1) Lapointe (1980:8) Generalized Lexicalist Hypothesis No syntactic rule can refer to elements of morphological structure. (2) Selkirk (1982:70) Word Structure Autonomy Condition No deletion of movement transformations may involve categories of both W- structure and S-structure. (3) Di Sciullo & Williams (1987:49) The Atomicity Thesis Words are “atomic” at the level of phrasal syntax and phrasal semantics. The words have “features,” or properties, but these features have no structure, and the relation of theses features to the internal composition of the word cannot be relevant in syntax – this is the thesis of the atomicity of words, or the lexical integrity hypothesis, or the strong lexicalist hypothesis (as in Lapointe 1980), or a version of the lexicalist hypothesis of Chomsky (1970), Williams (1978; 1978a), and numerous others. Although there are slight differences in these formulations, they have a common effect of preventing syntactic rules from looking into and operating on the internal structure of words. It should also be pointed out that at this early stage of discussion, a Weak Lexicalist Hypothesis and a Strong Lexicalist Hypothesis were often distinguished, the former merely stating that transformations could not look into word structure (i.e., derivation and compounding), the latter adding inflection to the domain of the LIH (Spencer 1991:73, 178–9). -
The Place of Morphology in Grammar: Historical Overview
Universität Leipzig, Institut für Linguistik SS 13 The place of morphology in grammar: Historical overview 1 The Standard Theory • The structure of the aspects model, cf. Chomsky (1965) Phrase structure rules Lexicon Deep Structure Semantic interpretation Transformational rules Surface structure Phonology • Lexical insertion is part of the transformational rules (in fact the first one): items from the lexicon are inserted into appropriate terminal nodes (if they match the categorial specifi- cation of the node; further restrictions are encoded in the lexical entries of the words, e.g. subcateogrization) • processes like agreement and concord are also transformational rules: features are copied from the controller (e.g. DP) to the target (e.g. verb) • agreement morphemes realize the syntactic features in phonology (= late insertion) • the lexicon contains only simple words, but no compounds or derived words. All word for- mation is therefore handled in syntax: e.g. nominalizations are derived from underlying finite verbal sentences, the nominalizing morphology is thus a by-product of a transforma- tion (1) a. TomgavearosetoHarriet. → b. Tom’s gift (of a rose) (to Harriet) c. Tom’sgivingof a rose (to Harriet) • evennominalcompoundslike manservant were derived from full sentences (cf. Lees (1960)): (2) a. Archieneeds[aservant[theservantisaman]] → b. Archie needs [a servant [who is a man]] → c. Archie needs [a servant [a man]] → d. Archie needs [a servant man] → e. Archie needs a manservant. Morphology was divided up between phonology (inflectional morphology) and syntax (deriva- → tional morphology) 1 Salzmann: Seminar Morphologie I: Wo ist die Morphologie? 2 Remarks on nominalizations: the weak lexicalist hypothesis • Chomsky (1970): the need for a separate theory of derivational morphology • transformations should capture regular correspondences between linguistic form, idiosyn- cratic information belongs in the lexicon • a transformation should capture productive and regular relationships between sentences, e.g. -
The Census Bureau's Spanish Forms Availability Test 1
RESULTS FROM TELEPHONE DEBRIEFING INTERVIEWS: THE CENSUS BUREAU'S SPANISH FORMS AVAILABILITY TEST 1 Peter Wobus, Manuel de la Puente, Bureau of the Census Peter Wobus, SRD/CSMR, Room 3125 FOB 4, Washington, DC 20233-9150 KEY WORDS: Split-panel experiments, Telephone In all about 3,400 (or 28 percent) completed debriefing interviews, Minority populations telephone debriefing interviews were conducted. Excluded from this study were people in households INTRODUCTION that received a census form who did not respond. An In 1993 the Census Bureau implemented the unknown number of nonrespondents could have opted Spanish Forms Availability Test (SFAT). The SFAT not to fill out and return the census form because they was part of a research and development program by the were annoyed at receiving a Spanish language census Census Bureau designed to assist in formulating policy form in the mail. Our findings are based on these and design options for the Year 2000 Census of relatively small number of completed debriefing Population and Housing. The purpose of the test was to interviews. This constitutes a limitation of this study. determine the effect of the availability of mailing The SFAT had three panels. Panel one, the control, Spanish forms to targeted areas with high concentrations was an English language census form. The second, dual of persons who speak Spanish and who do not speak forms panel, consisted of separate English and Spanish English well or at all. Specifically, the test sought to language census forms. The third, bilingual forms determine whether making Spanish forms available panel, had English questions on one side and Spanish would increase response rates in target areas, assess the ones on the other.